Application of QUAL2Kw for water quality modeling in the Tunggak River,Kuantan, Pahang,Malaysia
Author Affiliations
- 1Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources, University Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, MALAYSIA
Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 3, Issue (6), Pages 6-14, June,2 (2014)
Abstract
The Tunggak River receives waste water from the Gebeng industrial estate (GIE) and from some agricultural and homestead areas in Kuantan, Malaysia. Discharges of industrial effluents containing conventional and non-conventional pollutant with degradable organics and nutrients are the major cause of water quality deterioration in this river. Degradable organic and nutrients have resulted in decrease in DO concentrations along the river. With the objective of modeling of the water quality of the river a one- dimensional river and stream water quality model QUAL2Kw was calibrated and confirmed using the data for the period of 2012-13. With some exceptions it represented the collected data quite good. Simulation of various water quality constituents was done applying the model during dry and wet season. The result shows that the DO concentration was very low in all parts of the river. BOD and COD was very high compare to standard level of Malaysia. Due to industrial wastewater the pollution was high and without taking improve management based on the simulated results, the scenario will not change.
References
- S.S., A. and B.N., S. Effect of Anthropogenic Activities on Zooplankton Population of Sogal Pond, Belgaum District, Karnataka, India, Res.J.Recent Sci., 2, 81–83 (2013)
- Kannel P.R., Lee S., Lee Y.S., Kanel S.R. and Pelletier G.J., Application of automated QUAL2Kw for water quality modeling and management in the Bagmati River, Nepal, Ecol.Model., 202, 503–517 (2007)
- Drolc A. and Konan J.Z., Water quality modelling of the river Sava, Slovenia, Water Res., 30, 2587–2592 (1996)
- Haribhau M.G., Trace Metals Contamination of Surface Water Samples in and Around Akot City in Maharashtra, India, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1, 5–9 (2012)
- Bottino F., Ferraz I.C., Mendiondo E.M. and Calijuri M.D.C., Calibration of QUAL2K model in brazilian micro watershed: effects of the land use on water quality, Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 22, 474–485 (2010)
- Sardinha D. and Conceição F., Evaluation of the water quality and auto-purification from the meio stream, Leme (SP), Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, 13, 329–338 (2008)
- Brown L. and Barnwell, T., The enhanced stream water quality models QUAL2E and QUAL2E-UNCAS: documentation and user manual. (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, 1987)
- Park, S. S. and Lee, Y. S., A water quality modeling study of the Nakdong River, Korea. Ecol.Mode., 152, 65–75 (2002)
- Chapra S. and Pelletier G., QUAL2K: A Modeling Framework for Simulating River and Stream Water Quality: Documentation and Users Manual, (Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., Tufts University, Medford, MA., 2003)
- Pelletier G.J., Chapra S.C. and Tao H., QUAL2Kw – A framework for modeling water quality in streams and rivers using a genetic algorithm for calibration, Environ. Model. Soft., 21, 419–425 (2006)
- Pelletier G. and Chapra S., QUAL2Kw theory and documentation A modeling framework for simulating river and stream water quality, (Environmental Assessment Program Olympia, Washington 98504-7710, (2008)
- Gardner S., Griggs B., Handy J., Lemme N. and Paudel M.A, Qual2k water quality analysis of the Blanco watershed near Jalisco, Mexico, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brigham Young University (2007)
- Oliveira B., Bola J., Quinteiro P., Nadais H. and Arroja L., Application of Qual2Kw model as a tool for water quality management: Cértima River as a case study, Environ. Monit. Assess., 184, 6197–210 (2012)
- Zainudin Z., Rahman N., Abdullah N. and Mazlan N.F., Development of water quality model for Sg. Tebrau using QUAL2K, Journal of Applied Sciences, 10, 2748–2750(2010)
- Sujaul I., Hossain M., Nasly M.A. and Sobahan M.A., Effect of Industrial Pollution on the Spatial Variation of Surface Water Quality, Am. J. Environ. Sci., 9, 120–129 (2013)
- Nasly M., Hossain M. and Islam M., Water Quality Index of Sungai Tunggak: An Analytical Study, in 3rd International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environment Sciences (ICCEBS’2013 40–45 (2013)
- Andrew D., Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 1200, American Public Health Association, (2005)
- HACH, Water analysis guide (2005)
- Zhang R., Qian X., Yuan X., Ye R., Xia B. and Wang Y., Simulation of water environmental capacity and pollution load reduction using QUAL2K for water environmental management, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 9, 4504–21 (2012)
- Anh D.T., Bonnet M.P., Vachaud G., Van Minh C., Prieur N., VU DUC L., and LAN ANH L., Biochemical modeling of the Nhue River (Hanoi, Vietnam): Practical identifiability analysis and parameters estimation,Ecol.model., 193, 182–204 (2006)
- Cho J.H. and Ha S.R., Parameter optimization of the QUAL2K model for a multiple-reach river using an influence coefficient algorithm, Sci. Total Environ., 408,1985–91 (2010)
- Bowie G.L., Mills W.B., Porcella D.B., Campbel Carrie L., Pagenkop, James R., Rupp, Gretchen L., Johnson, Kay M., Chan, Peter W.H., Gherini, Steven A., Chamberlin and Charles E., Rates, constants, and kinetics formulations in surface water quality modeling, EPA (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, 1985)
- Camargo R.D.A., Calijuri M.L., Santiago A.D.F., Couto E.D.A. De and Silva M.D.F.M.E., Water quality prediction using the QUAL2Kw model in a small karstic watershed in Brazil, Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 22, 486–498 (2010)
- Zhang, R., Qian, X., Li, H., Yuan, X. and Ye, R., Selection of optimal river water quality improvement programs using QUAL2K: a case study of Taihu Lake Basin, China, Sci. Total Environ., 431, 278–85 (2012)