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Exploring Effective Strategies for Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical, Biological, and Physicochemical Methods

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Management & Research & D. Y. Patil International University, Akurdi, Pune, Maharashtra, India
  • 2Department of Chemistry, D.Y. Patil College of Engineering, Akurdi Pune, Maharashtra, India

Res. J. Recent Sci., Volume 14, Issue (1), Pages 25-34, January,2 (2025)

Abstract

Phosphate and ammonium are significant contributors to eutrophication in water bodies, originating mainly from wastewater. However, conventional methods for removing these nutrients in water treatment plants face considerable challenges. Additionally, the natural reservoir of phosphorus is finite and expected to be depleted within the next 50 to 100 years, highlighting the urgency of phosphorus recycling as a pressing issue. One promising avenue for phosphorus retrieval from effluent is through the sleet of crystalline struvite. Struvite, also identified as MgNH4PO4•6H2O, presents an appealing solution for sustainable development. This method not only recovers valuable phosphorus but also mitigates environmental issues associated with excess phosphorus in wastewater. After precipitation, struvite serves as an effective fertilizer or a valuable resource for phosphorus recovery, supporting a circular economy and lessening reliance on conventional phosphorus sources. The effectiveness of struvite recovery hinges on achieving the appropriate super saturation of wastewater, which dictates the rate and extent of striate formation. In recent research, the stability domain of struvite in synthetic wastewater (SWW) was investigated, focusing on the kinetics of its spontaneous precipitation. This investigation involved aqueous solutions mimicking the composition of municipal wastewaters. By adjusting the concentrations of Mg2+, NH4+, and PO43- ions maintain a stoichiometric molar ratio of 1:1:1, varying degrees of super saturation with respect to struvite were achieved. Results indicate that phosphorus removal rates of up to 70% or higher can be attained through this method. However, there remains room for improvement, particularly in controlling the quality of struvite production. Efforts in refining this technique could enhance its efficiency and viability for widespread implementation in wastewater treatment processes.

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