International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies on removal of Cd(II) from Aqueous Solutions by Sulphuric Acid Activated Sesamum Indicum Carbon

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Salem-636 011, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
  • 2Department of Chemistry, Muthayammal College of Engineering, Rasipuram-637 408, INDIA
  • 3Research and Development Centre, JSW Steel (P) Ltd, Salem – 636 453, INDIA
  • 4 Department of Chemistry, Gnanamani College of Technology, Pachal, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 4, Issue (3), Pages 36-44, March,18 (2014)

Abstract

Activated carbon prepared from oil cake of Sesamum Indicum by sulphuric acid treatment was used as adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Various parameters as a function of contact time, initial pH, initial adsorbent dosage and metal ion concentrations were studied. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms confirmed that activated carbon has high affinity and sorption capacity for Cd(II) with monolayer sorption capacities of 35.32 mg/g. The kinetic study indicated that the pseudo-second order rate equation better described the adsorption process. The adsorbents were also tested for the removal of cadmium (II) from synthetic electroplating wastewater. The results indicated that the prepared activated carbon is an efficient (99.9%), alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions.

References

  1. Madhava Rao M., Ramanaa D K., Seshaiaha K., Wangb M.C., and Chang Chien S.W., Removal of some metal ions by activated carbon prepared from Phaseolus aureus hulls, J. Hazard. Mater.,166, 1006–1013 (2009)
  2. Satarug S., and Moore M.R., Review Adverse health effects of chronic exposure to low-level cadmium in foodstuffs and cigarette smoke, Environ Health Perspect.,112(10), 1099-103 (2004)
  3. Järup L., Berglund M., Elinder C.G., Nordberg G., and Vahter M., Health effects of cadmium exposure--a review of the literature and a risk estimate, Scand J Work Environ Health., 21(1), 1-51 (1998)
  4. Aygun A., Yenisoy-Karakas S., and Duman I., Production of granular activated carbon from fruit stones and nutshells and evaluation of their physical, chemical and adsorption properties, Microporous Mesoporous Mater.,66, 189–195 (2003)
  5. Ramos R L., Mendez J R R., Barron J M., Rubio L F., and Cronado R M G., Adsorption of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon, Water Sci. Technol.,35,205–211 (1997)
  6. Sreejalekshmi K G., Anoop Krishnan K., and Anirudhan T S., Adsorption of Pb(II) and Pb (II)-citric acid on sawdust activated carbon: kinetic and equilibrium isotherm studies, J. Hazard. Mater.,161, 1506–1513 (2009)
  7. Ahmedna M., Marshall W E., Husseiny A.A., Rao R.M., and Goktepe I., The use of nutshell carbons in drinking water filters for removal of trace metals, Water Res.,38, 1062–1068 (2004)
  8. Salame I., and Bandosz T., Surface chemistry of activated carbons: combining the results of temperature-programmed desorption, Boehm, and potentiometric titrations, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 240, 252–258 (2001)
  9. Malik D J., Strelko Jr V., Streat M., and Puziy A M.,Characterisation of novel modified active carbons and marine algal biomass for the selective adsorption of lead, Water Res.,36, 1527–1538 (2002)
  10. Boonamnuayvitaya V., Chaiya C., Tanthapanichakoon W., and Jarudilokkul S., Removal of heavy metals by adsorbent prepared from pyrolyzed coffee residues and clay, Sep. Purif. Technol.,35, 11–22 (2004)
  11. Teles de Vasconcelos L A., and Gonzalez Beca C G., Adsorption equilibria between pine bark and several ions in aqueous solution, Eur. Water Poll. Control.,, 41–51 (1994)
  12. Gopalakrishnan S., Kannadasan T., Velmurugan S., Muthu S., and Vinoth Kumar P., Biosorption of Chromium (VI) from Industrial Effluent using Neem Leaf Adsorbent, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,, 48-53 (2013)
  13. El-Sheikh A H., Newman A P., Al-Daffaee H K., Phull S., and Cresswell N., Characterization of activated carbon prepared from a single cultivar of Jordanian Olive stones by chemical and physicochemical techniques, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 71, 151–164 (2004)
  14. Ricordel S., Taha S., Cisse I., and Dorange G., Heavy metals removal by adsorption onto peanut husks carbon: characterization, kinetic study and modeling, Sep.Purif. Technol.,24, 389–401 (2001)
  15. Enemose Edith A., Osakwe S A., and Horsfall Micheal Jr., Effect of metal ion concentration on the biosorption of Al3+and Cr6+ by almond tree leaves (Terminalia Catappa L.) leaves, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,, 1-6 (2013)
  16. Saeed A., and Iqbal M., Bio removal of cadmium from aqueous solution by black gram husk (Cicer arientinum), Water Res.,37, 3472–3480 (2003)
  17. Igwe J C., Ogunewe D N., and Abia A A., Competitive adsorption of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous and non-aqueous solution by maize cob and husk, Afr. J. Biotechnol.,, 1113–1116 (2005)
  18. Kazemipour M., Ansari M., Tajrobehkar S., M.Majdzadeh., and H.R. Kermani., Removal of lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper from industrial wastewater by carbon developed from walnut, hazelnut, almond, pistachio shell, and apricot stone, J. Hazard. Mater.,150, 322–327 (2008)
  19. BID:11350: (Part I), Methods of test for coal and coke, proximate analysis, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India (1969)
  20. Saitoh T., Nakane F., and Hiraide M., Preparation of trioctylamine-impregnated polystyrene-divinylbenzene porous resins for the collection of precious metals from water, React. Funct. Polym., 67, 247-252 (2007)
  21. Baysal Z., Cnar E., Bulut Y., Alkan H., and M. Dogru., Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies on biosorption of Pb(II) onto Candida albicans biomass, J. Hazard. Mater., 161, 62-67 (2009)
  22. Benhammou A., Yaacoubi A., Nibou L., and Tanouti B., Adsorption of metal ions onto Moroccan stevensite: kinetic and isotherm studies, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,282, 320-326 (2005)
  23. Tharanitharan V., and Srinivasan K., Removal of Ni(II) from water and wastewater using modified Duolite XAD-761 resin, Indian J. Chem. Technol.,16, 245-253 (2009)
  24. Mouni L., Merabet D., Bouzaza A., and Belkhirim L., Adsorption of Pb(II) fromaqueous solutions using activated carbon developed from Apricot stone, Desalination.,276, 148-153 (2011)
  25. Tharanitharan V., and Srinivasan K., Kinetic and equilibrium studies of removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution by modified Duolite XAD-761 resins”, Asian J. Chem., 22(4), 3036-3046 (2010)
  26. Tharanitharan V., and Srinivasan K., Removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution by using surfactant-EDTA modified Amberlite XAD-7HP and Duolite XAD-761 resin”, Asian J Chem.,21(9), 7163-7172 (2009)
  27. Sharma A., and Bhattacharyya K G., Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide on Mica Surfaces of Chromium (VI) on Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf powder, Adsorption .,10, 327 -338 (2004)
  28. Tharanitharan V., and Srinivasan K., Removal of Ni(II) from water and wastewater using modified Duolite XAD-761 resin, Indian J. Chem. Technol.,16, 417-425 (2009)
  29. Ayranci A., and Duman O., Adsorption Behaviors of some Phenolic Compounds onto High Specific Area Activated Carbon Cloth, J. Hazard. Mater.,124, 125-132 (2005)
  30. Ahn C K., Park D., Woo S.H and Park J M., Removal of cationic heavy metal from aqueous solution by activated carbon impregnated with anionic surfactants, J. Hazard. Mater.,164, 1130- 1136 (2009)
  31. Silva J.P., Sousa S., Rodrigues J., Antunes H., Porter J.I, Gonçalves I., and Dias S F., Adsorption of acid orange 7 dye in aqueous solutions by spent brewery grains, Sep. Purif. Tech., 40, 309-326 (2004)
  32. Wang X S., Li Z Z., and Sun C., A comparative study of removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions by locally low-cost materials: marine macroalgae and agricultural by-products, Desalination.,235, 146-159 (2009)
  33. Namasivayam C., and Yamuna R T., Adsorption of chromium (VI) by a low cost adsorbent: biogas residual slurry,Chemosphere.,30, 561-578 (1995)
  34. Manivasagam N., Industrial Effluents: Origin, Characteristics, Effects, Analysis and Treatment, First Reprint, Sakthi Publications, Coimbatore, (1977)