Natural Dyeing Cotton Fabric with Marigold and Palash Flower Dye powder using different Mordant– their Colour fastness test and FTIR analysis

Abstract

Tagetes is a genus of 50 species of annual or perennial, mostly herbaceous plants in the family Asteraceae. They are among several groups of plants known in English as marigolds. Tagetes erecta, the Aztec marigold, Mexican marigold, big marigold, cempaxochitl or cempasúchil, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Tagetes native to Mexico and Guatemala. It is widely cultivated commercially with many cultivars in use as ornamental plants, and for the cut-flower trade. The essential oil of the flower contains antioxidants. It may be added to perfumes to infuse an apple scent into them. It is used as a natural dye on textiles. Palash (Butea monosperma) is a species of Butea native to tropical and sub-tropical parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is also known as flame of the forest, Bengal kino, dhak, palash, and bastard teak. The plant grows across Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, and western Indonesia. The plant is used to make timber, resin, fodder, medicine, and dye. The flowers are used to prepare a traditional Holi colour called "Kesari". It is also used as a dye for fabric. Butein, a vibrant yellow to deep orange-red dye made from the flowers, is used for dying silk and cotton. The chemical constituents of Palash are diverse and include flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol, which exhibit antioxidant properties and contribute to its vibrant red color. Tannins, another group of compounds found in Palash, have astringent qualities and may have medicinal uses. The plant also contains sterols, which are essential components of plant cell membranes. Additionally, glycosides are present, which can have various biological activities. One notable compound in Palash is butein, responsible for its distinctive red hue and believed to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Present paper deals with natural dyeing cotton fabric mordanted with Alum, Alum and Cream of tartar, Copper sulphate and Cream of tartar, Ferrous sulphate and Cream of tartar, Potassium dichromate, Stannous chloride and Cream of tartar, Tannic acid using Marigold and Palash flower dye powder. This also includes their Colour Fastness test for Water Fastness and Light Fastness and FTIR analysis. Water fastness and light fastness test was performed by regular washing and drying fabric in sunlight. Gray Scales are used for assessing colour change and staining during colour fastness testing. Colour fastness test for water fastness and light fastness to Marigold and Palash flower dye powder using different mordant dyed fabric shows 4-5 range in gray scale method which indicates excellent to water fastness and light fastness. FTIR can be routinely used to identify the functional groups. FTIR spectra of Natural Dye made from Alkanet and Rhubarb Root dye powder are obtained at room temperature by using an FTIR Spectrophotometer - Shimadzu - IR Affinity – 1. The spectra are collected in range from 400 - 4500 cm-1.Interpretation of FTIR Spectra of Natural Dye made from Marigold and Palash flower dye powder shows presence of various functional groups such as