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Review on the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) in Benin Republic (West Africa)

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Laboratoire de Physique du Rayonnement (LPR), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi BP : 526 UAC, Bénin
  • 2Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique et de Synthèse (LaCOPS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi BP : 526 UAC, Bénin
  • 3Laboratoire de Physique du Rayonnement (LPR), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi BP : 526 UAC, Bénin
  • 4Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Physique et de Synthèse (LaCOPS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi BP : 526 UAC, Bénin
  • 5Laboratoire de Physique du Rayonnement (LPR), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi BP : 526 UAC, Bénin
  • 6Laboratoire de Physique du Rayonnement (LPR), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi BP : 526 UAC, Bénin

Res. J. Physical Sci., Volume 12, Issue (2), Pages 8-29, August,4 (2024)

Abstract

Energy is fundamental to the socio-economic development of all nations. But the use of fossil fuels causes problems for life on earth because of poorly controlled emissions of greenhouse gases, responsible of global warming. It is therefore necessary to move towards green renewable energy, more promising sources of energy, "clean" and respectful of our environment. Hydrogen seems more reassuring because of its abundance in nature and no Carbone emission through fuel cells technology. The Proton Exchange Member Fuel Cells (PEMFC) use hydrogen as a fuel to generate electricity, but it remains very underdeveloped in West Africa, mainly in Benin Republic. The membrane, one of the fuel cell’s components is the core material of the fuel cells device, not only because it allows the exchange of protons, transferred through the electrodes of the fuel cells, but also because of the rarity of Nafion, the best material for manufacturing the existent composite membrane. The main objective of our study is to build literature review on proton exchange membranes which can lead us to manufacture local composite membrane with improved properties, compared to Nafion membrane and expand the use of fuel cells in our region. The Results show that several authors propose chemical protocol to obtain chitosane and chitin, which properties fit those of composite membrane proton exchange. The membranes of composite fuel cells can be made using certain crustaceans’ shells, such as crabs, shrimps, and over material like coconut husks, clays and snails’ shells. The authors also present the advantages, the limitations of fuel cells functioning and the social economic aspect of fuel cells in general.

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