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Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy findings and associations with Helicobacter Pylori diagnosis in an open access Endoscopy setting in South-West Nigeria

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Nigeria
  • 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
  • 3Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
  • 4Department of Pathology, University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo State, Nigeria
  • 5Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria

Int. Res. J. Medical Sci., Volume 13, Issue (2), Pages 1-7, August,28 (2025)

Abstract

Access to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is slowly but steadily improving in sub-Saharan Africa and it is important to record findings periodically especially as they relate to Helicobacter pylori which is causative for many gastro duodenal diseases. This will help in charting an appropriate policy framework to mitigate the effect of these diseases. The study was undertaken to document the findings on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and associations with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in Nigerians presenting for gastroscopy in an open access setting in South-West Nigeria. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the University of Medical Sciences Research Ethics Committee with number NHREC/TR/UNIMED-HREC-Ondo St/22/06/21. A retrospective analysis of the endoscopic database of 533 consecutive patients who had gastro copy in an open access endoscopy setting in South-West Nigeria over three years. The patients’ characteristics, endoscopic diagnoses and H. pylori status (by histology) were analysed. The overall H. pylori positivity rate was 48% (n=106), similar to that found elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa. Common endoscopic diagnoses included gastritis (34.8%), normal findings (6.7%), gastric polyps (3.7%) and malignancy (1.7%). Gastric polyps were inversely associated with H. pylori infection (OR 0.266 [0.124–0.568]; p=0.001). Helicobacter pylori remains an important risk factor for gastrointestinal dyspepsia in Nigeria. Its association with gastric polyps should be submitted to more rigorous examination.

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