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Natural Springs in Hilly and Arid Regions: A review of their conservation and management

Author Affiliations

  • 1Dept. of Zoology, B. Raghunath College, Parbhani - Affiliated to Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded (Maharashtra), India

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 15, Issue (2), Pages 67-73, April,22 (2026)

Abstract

On Earth, natural springs constitute core elements of water resource geography; in India, hilly and arid landforms serve as permanent sources of freshwater for domestic, agricultural, and ecological sustenance. The attempt to focus on the spring hydrology, usage patterns, and socio-agricultural significance, with geographical lenses on the Himalayan and Western Ghats regions and dominated terrains. The natural springs are facing critical challenges, including irregular climatic conditions, anthropogenic land-use alterations, and declining spring discharge, thereby underscoring the urgency of integrated spring water management and conservation. The research further examines community-led management and conservation efforts, policy frameworks, government schemes, and technological interventions aimed at spring rejuvenation. The Northern States, like Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand (Dev Bhoomi), had over 60 percent of rural households and were rich in biodiversity. Studies have shown that in arid and semi-arid regions, springs make their contribution for the formation of micro-habitats and frigid climate endurance through flowing spring-linked recharge kinetics. This review focuses attention on strategic parameters to sustain natural spring-based water systems in fragile, water-scarce regions. Natural springs are a vital source for the ecosystems and local livelihoods, especially in hilly regions. Their existence requires integrated management, catchment care, water quality checks, and safeguards. The conservation movement should be advanced by strengthening institutions and eco-education, particularly through student and local communities’ involvement, which is crucial for preserving natural springs.

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