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The capability of Phragmiteskarka in phytoremediation for the treatment of municipal wastewater through a constructed wetland model

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Indian Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India
  • 2Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 14, Issue (3), Pages 7-33, July,22 (2025)

Abstract

The growing utilization of constructed wetlands for sewage treatment, alongside increasingly stringent water quality regulations, underscores the need for enhanced process design tools. This paper examines how seasonal variations influence the efficiency of pollution removal in sewage treatment. In this study, Phragmiteskarka was cultivated in constructed wetlands and evaluated for its effectiveness in treating various concentrations of municipal wastewater. Samples of municipal wastewater were collected before and after treatment and analyzed for specific parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), and sulfate (SO4), using standardized methods. The objective of this investigation was to assess the treatment efficacy of Phragmiteskarka across different concentrations of municipal wastewater. The findings indicate that Phragmiteskarka achieves the highest level of pollution reduction when municipal wastewater is treated in constructed wetlands, with no observed phytotoxic effects.

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