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Environmental Impact Assessment of Trace Metals Contaminated Water, Fish, and Sediments from Riparian Communities in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
  • 2Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
  • 3Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., Volume 13, Issue (3), Pages 20-35, July,22 (2024)

Abstract

This comprehensive study delves into the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and trace elements present in surface water, sediments, and fish within the riparian communities of the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. The study encompasses three key communities: Tema, Sangama, and Degema. Each community presents unique challenges, from illegal waste processing in Degema to residential waste overflow in Sangama and diverse activities in Tema. Sampling procedures were meticulously designed, considering characteristic features and pollution sites. The study assessed heavy metals such as zinc, lead, copper, cadmium, iron, and arsenic. Sample collection took place monthly from October 2021 to April 2022. Physicochemical parameters measured included pH, dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, temperature, biological oxygen demand, salinity, and total conductivity. The results highlighted variations across stations, with Sangama exhibiting significantly different values in several parameters compared to Tema and Degema. The temporal analysis from October 2021 to March 2022 revealed fluctuations in physicochemical parameters, providing insights into the dynamic nature of the studied ecosystem. Heavy metal concentrations in sediment, water, and fish varied across stations, with Degema consistently showing the highest values. The results were compared against international standards, emphasising potential environmental concerns. Furthermore, the study explored spatiotemporal variations in heavy metal concentrations, uncovering patterns that contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the ecosystem dynamics. The findings from this study emphasize the critical need for sustainable environmental management practices in the Niger Delta. Informed decision-making is necessary to preserve the delicate balance of these riparian ecosystems based on the data generated.

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