Impact of Inclusion of Artificial Intelligence in Class 12 Biology Education : A Review

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into secondary education is revolutionizing how complex subjects like Class 12 Biology are taught and learned. Biology education at this level encompasses challenging topics such as genetics, molecular biology, ecology, human physiology, and biotechnology, which demand deep conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills. AI applications—ranging from adaptive learning platforms and intelligent tutoring systems to immersive virtual laboratories and real-time automated assessments—are transforming traditional pedagogical methods by personalizing the learning experience, enhancing student engagement, and providing interactive, visual simulations of intricate biological processes. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current AI technologies applied in Class 12 Biology classrooms worldwide, emphasizing their pedagogical value, effectiveness in improving comprehension, and role in preparing students for competitive exams and future scientific studies. The review synthesizes empirical research, case studies, and education policy frameworks such as India’s NEP 2020, highlighting AI’s potential to support diverse learning styles and overcome conventional limitations like scarce laboratory resources and time constraints. Furthermore, the paper discusses challenges in infrastructure, teacher training, data privacy, and ensuring a balance between AI-driven virtual experiments and hands-on learning. It advocates for ethically mindful, well-supported implementation of AI tools to maximize benefits while addressing equity issues. Ultimately, this investigation underscores Artificial Intelligence as a promising catalyst for enhancing quality, inclusivity, and effectiveness in senior secondary biology education, shaping a new paradigm aligned with the demands of 21st-century science education and career pathways.