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Reasons led to reconsideration of botanicals as stored grain insect pest control agents

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
  • 2Department of Zoology, University College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
  • 3Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 14, Issue (2), Pages 46-61, May,10 (2025)

Abstract

Ensuring the safety of food grains poses a significant and pressing challenge for grain handling organizations and experts in stored product entomology worldwide. Insects are universally recognised as the primary adversaries of stored grains, as they not only cause direct damage but also create an environment conducive to secondary infestations, primarily by fungal pathogens. Synthetic insecticides and fumigants have demonstrated higher efficacy in managing insect pests that affect stored grains. However, their widespread and indiscriminate use over many years, aimed at reducing post-harvest losses and preserving grain quality, has resulted in several adverse outcomes. These include the development of genetic resistance in pest species, lingering residues in stored grains, safety hazards during handling, pollution of storage environments, health concerns for humans, and detrimental impacts on the environment, thereby jeopardising the sustainability of ecosystems. These undesirable consequences have driven researchers to seek safer, efficient, and nontoxic grain protectants. Natural products derived from plants are increasingly gaining recognition as promising bio rational substitutes for synthetic insecticides in the control of postharvest insect pests. There has been a growing interest in various regions across the globe in investigating botanicals as a new approach to safeguarding grains. This review primarily focuses on the reasons that have sparked renewed scientific curiosity in utilising botanicals as stored grain insect pest control agents. It explores botanicals as an ecofriendly alternative to synthetic insecticides for stored grain insect pest management and provides an overview on the use of botanicals as stored grain insect pest control agents. This review also summarises the obstacles, constraints linked to the commercialization of botanicals as grain protectants.

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