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Histopathological effects of Muntingia Calabura leaf extract against Pomacea Canaliculata using Rice field Mimicking method

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Institute of Arts and Sciences, Mabalacat City College, Mabalacat City, Pampanga, Philippines
  • 2Institute of Arts and Sciences, Mabalacat City College, Mabalacat City, Pampanga, Philippines
  • 3Institute of Arts and Sciences, Mabalacat City College, Mabalacat City, Pampanga, Philippines
  • 4Don Honorio Ventura State University, Bacolor, Pampanga, Philippines
  • 5Institute of Arts and Sciences, Mabalacat City College, Mabalacat City, Pampanga, Philippines

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 14, Issue (1), Pages 26-31, February,10 (2025)

Abstract

Pomacea canaliculata, also referred as the golden apple snail, is an invasive species significantly affecting agricultural crop production. Its rapid proliferation, secretion of contaminants like eggs and slime, and aggressive feeding habits have driven the search for safe, toxic-free alternatives to conventional pesticides. Among various plants, Muntingia calabura L., has gained attention for its potential as a natural pesticide. This study aimed to assess the molluscicidal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of M. calabura (ELEMC). Snail biossay was performed in simulated rice field, exposing the P. canaliculata to varying concentrations ranging from 200 to 1000 mg/L for 48 h. Mortality rates were recorded every 12h. Results showed that concentrations from 800 mg/L (T4) to 1000 mg/L (T5) were comparable to the commercial positive control. Probit analysis revealed that the LC50 was at 870.96 mg/L. A very high positive correlation (r=0.8358) was also observed between the concentration and mortality. Histopathological analysis of gills of ELEMC-treated snails revealed severe damage to the gills showing vacuolization, complete loss of cilia, degenerated columnar cells, reduced hemocyte quantity, splitting and degeneration of gill filaments. The molluscicidal activity of the extract may be accounted for from the presence of phytochemicals as revealed from literature. In conclusion, the ELEMC could be a potential source of molluscicide against P. analiculata.

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