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Determination of percentage growth inhibition of Fusarium sp. treated with different solvent extracts obtained through different extraction procedure

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Plant Pathology and Microbiology Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751015, India
  • 2Plant Pathology and Microbiology Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751015, India

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 14, Issue (1), Pages 19-25, February,10 (2025)

Abstract

Fungi are remarkable organisms, known for their ability to synthesize diverse secondary metabolites that play key roles in defence and ecological adaptation. Fungi like Penicillium oxalicum have garnered attention due to their ability for producing secondary metabolites with notable antifungal properties. This study investigated the antifungal activity of Penicillium oxalicum against seven pathogenic Fusarium species, namely F. equiseti, F. poae, F. oxysporum, F. javanicum, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, and F. solani. Large-scale production of P. oxalicum was followed by the extraction of bioactive compounds using Soxhlet extraction and column chromatography with a range of polar and non-polar solvents. The antifungal activity of the extracted compounds was assessed using the pour plate method, and growth inhibition of the Fusarium species was recorded. The results demonstrated that solvent selection significantly impacted the antifungal efficacy of both extraction methods. Soxhlet extraction using ethyl acetate exhibited superior inhibition for F. equiseti (57.55%), F. proliferatum (65.73%), and F. javanicum (45.33%). Additionally, hexane in Soxhlet extraction was particularly effective against F. verticillioides (70.28%), while column extraction with isopropanol and ethyl acetate yielded the highest inhibition for F. solani (65.12% and 65.03%, respectively). In some cases, both extraction methods showed similar inhibition rates, as seen with F. poae and F. oxysporum when using ethyl acetate. Overall, ethyl acetate proved to be a highly effective solvent in both extraction methods, particularly in Soxhlet extraction, across multiple Fusarium species. These findings suggested that the extraction method and solvent choice are crucial for the antifungal potential of P. oxalicum metabolites, highlighting their potential use in eco-friendly biocontrol strategies against Fusarium infections in agriculture.

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