International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN. 

The in -vitro activity of an extract derived from selected Endophytic fungal species isolated from Psidium guajava against Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei

    , , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Biological Science, College of Natural and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Kano State
  • 2Department of Biological Science, College of Natural and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Kano State
  • 3Department of Biological Science, College of Natural and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Kano State
  • 4Department of Biological Science, College of Natural and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Kano State and Biotechnology Advanced Research Centre, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, P.M.B. 186, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 14, Issue (1), Pages 1-7, February,10 (2025)

Abstract

The research focused on the isolation and identification of endophytic fungi, as well as the assessment of the potency of secondary metabolites produced by the isolates from Psidium guajava L. (leaves and stems) against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. A range of endophytic fungal species were isolated using modified surface sterilisation techniques. A random selection of three isolates was made in order to analyse their produced secondary metabolites. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures on ethylacetate and methanolic extract (50:50v/v). The extracts were also subjected to in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei at different doses ranging from 10 mg/ml to 0.15625 mg/ml.In addition the brine shrimp fatality assay was used to assess the extracts' toxicity tests. The presence of steroids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoid, and alkaloids was shown by the phytochemical data. The results of the in vitro antitrypanosomal activity showed that the extracts significantly reduced the concentrations of surviving trypanosomes six hours after incubation when compared to the number in the negative control wells. The Aspergillus nidulan extract had the maximum activity among the studied extracts, with no surviving parasites at 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 2.5, and 1.25 mg/ml. In comparison to the reference standard, potassium dichromate (LC50 0.80µg/ml), the Brine Shrimp lethality assay showed that extracts of A. nidulan, Fusarium moniliforme, and Rhizoctonia sp. were less toxic to brine shrimp (LC50 206µg/mL, 173.5µg/mL, and 110µg/mL). The statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 2.0 was used to analyse the mean survival rate using two-way Analysis of Variance (p<0.05). This discovery offered empirical evidence that endophytic fungus of Psidium guajava generate a profusion of non-toxic medicinal chemicals, much like their host plants.

References

  1. Cayla, M., Rojas, F., Silvester, E., Venter, F. and Matthews, R. K. (2019)., African trypanosomes., Journal of parasites and vector, (12), 190.
  2. Oyda, S. (2017)., Review on traditional ethno-veterinary medicine and medicinal plants used by indigenous people in Ethiopia: practice and application system., Int J Res, 5, 109-19.
  3. Dabo, N. T. and Maigari, A. K. (2017)., Soft Options for Effective Diagnosis of African Animal Trypanosomosis: A Review., International Journal of Medical Evaluation and Physical Report, 1(2), 1 - 9.
  4. World Health Organization (2020)., Applied microbiology: Rhodesian human African trypanosomiasis (rHAT) in Kafue Nation Park, Zambia-David square Zambia Hokkaido University., Journal of food and microbiology, (4),1-12.
  5. Food and Agricultural Organization (2020)., Tsetsefly and Trypanosomiasis Control., https://www.researchgate.net. Retrieved June, 2020.
  6. Delespaux, V., Vitouley, H. S., Marcotty, T., Speybroeck, N., Berkvens, D., Roy, K., ... & Van den Bossche, P. (2010)., Chemosensitization of Trypanosoma congolense strains resistant to isometamidium chloride by tetracyclines and enrofloxacin., plos neglected tropical diseases, 4(9), e828.
  7. Vitouley, H. S., Mungube, E. O., Allegye-Cudjoe, E., Diall, O. and Bocoum, Z. (2011)., Improved PCR-RFLP for the Detection of Diminazene Resistance in Trypanosoma congolense under Field Conditions using Filter Papers for Sample Storage., PloS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 5, 30-42.
  8. Harry, P. and Koning, D. (2020)., The drugs of sleeping sickness: Their mechanism of action and resistance and a brief history., Journal of tropical medicine and infectious diseases, 514- 23.
  9. Shaba, P., Pandey, N. N., Sharma, O. P., Rao, J. R. and Singh, R. K. (2012)., Therapeutic effects of Zanthoxylumalatum leave and Eugenia caryophyllata buds (fruits) against Trypanosoma evansi., Journal of Veterinary Advances, 2(2), 91-97.
  10. Henrietta, A. O., Folasade, F. T. and Funmilayo, .A. I. D. (2015)., Antitrypanosomal activity of khaya senegalensis and Anogeissusleiocarpus stem bark on trypanosome brucei brucei infected rats.,
  11. Oses, R., Valenzuela, S., Freer, J., Sanfuentes, E., & Rodriguez, J. (2008)., Fungal endophytes in xylem of healthy Chilean trees and their possible role in early wood decay., Fungal Divers, 33(7), 77-86.
  12. Salisu, A., R.W., Ndana, A. and Samuel, A. (2017)., Bioprospective potentials of endophytic fungi (penicillium SPP) isolated from leaves of Azadirachta indica (A.JUSS). International Journal of Biological Research, 5(1), 15-21., undefined
  13. Sadananda, T. S., Nirupama, R., Chaithra, K., Govindappa. M., Chandrappa, C. P., Vinay R. B. (2011)., Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of endophytes from Tabebuiaargentea and identification of anti-cancer agent (lapachol)., Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16), 3643 – 3652.
  14. Madki, M. A., Manzoor, A. S., Powar, P. V. and Patil. K. S. (2010)., Isolation and biological activity of endophytic fungi from Withania Somnifera., International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sci., 2(3), 848-858.
  15. Bulus, T. and Addau, F. T. (2013)., , Comparative Anti-trypanosomal Screening of Methanolic of K. senegalensis and M. oleifera.
  16. Herbert, W. J. and Lumsden, W. H. R. (1976)., Trypanosoma brucei brucei, a rapid "matching" method for estimation of host, Experimental Parasitology, (40), 427 – 431.
  17. Magadula, Joseph J., Joseph N. Otieno, Ramadhani S. Nondo, Claude Kirimuhuzya, E. Kadukuli, John A. Orodho and Paul Okemo. (2012)., Anti-Mycobacterial and Toxicity Activities of Some Priority Medicinal Plants from Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania., European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2(2), 125-131.
  18. Gurupavithra, S. and Jayachitra, A. (2013)., Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from Ocimum sanctum and analyse its antioxidant properties., International Journal Research of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 4(4), 1120-1125.
  19. Yadav, M., Yadav, A. and Yadav, J. P. (2014)., In vitro antioxidant activity and Total phenolic content of endophytic fungi isolated from Eugenia jambolana L., Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7S1: S256 – S261.
  20. Haida, K. S., Baron, A, and Haida, K.S. (2011)., Phenolic compounds and Antioxidant activity of two varieties of Psidium guajava and rue., Revive Brazilian Ciênc Saúde, (28): 11-19.
  21. Camacho, M. R., Mata, R., Castaneda, P., Kirby, G. C., Warhurst, D. C., Croft, S. L. and Phillipson, J. D. (2000)., Bioactive compounds from Celaeno Dendron Mexicanum. Planta Medica, (66), 463- 468., undefined
  22. Elfita, E., Muharni, M., Latief, M., Darwati, D., Widiyantoro, A Supriyatna, S., Bahti, H. H., Dachriyanus, D., Cos, P. and Maes, L. (2009)., Antiplasmodial and other Constituents from four Indonesian Garcinia spp. Phytochemistry, (70), 907-912., undefined
  23. Aisha, A. F., Abu-Salah, K. M., Ismail, Z. and Majid, A. M. (2012)., In vitro and in vivo anti-colon cancer effects of Garcinia mangostanaxanthones extract., BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, (12), 104-109.
  24. Utami, S. H., Dwi, R., Rai, Y.S. Sugi, H., Chomisatut, T., Fitri M. And Faiza, N. I. N. (2020)., Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from physalisangulata L plant., Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 9 (1): 10-13.
  25. Sergio, M., Lilia C., Sarah H., Elizabeth A., Carmenza S., Alicia I., William H., and Luis C. (2021)., Screening and evaluation of anti-parasitic and In vitro anticancer activity of Panamanian and entophytic fungi., Journal of Marine Drugs, 11(10), 4058-4082.
  26. Feyera, T., Terefe, G. and Shibeshi, W. (2014)., Evaluation of In vivo anti trypanosomal activity of crude extracts of Artemisia abyssinica against Trypanosoma congolense isolate., BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, (14), 117-120.
  27. Omar, M. and Khan, F. (2007)., Trypanothionereductase: a viable chemotherapeutic target for anti-trypanosomal and antileishmanial drug design., Drug Target Insights, (2), 129- 146. 29.
  28. Pelegrini, P. B., Murad, A. M., Silva, L. P., Dos Santos, R. C. and Costa, F. T. (2008)., Identification of a novel storage glycine-rich peptide from guava (Psidium guajava) seeds with activity against Gram-negative bacteria., Peptides, (29), 1271-1279.
  29. Johnson, T. O. and Omaniwa, B. P. (2014)., In vivo trypanosidal activity of ethanoliccrude extract and phytochemical fraction of Garcina kola seeds., Biology, (4):212 – 222.
  30. Nwodo, N. J., Brun, R. and Osadebe, P. O. (2015)., In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the Anti-trypanosomal activity of fractions of Holarrhenaafricana., Journal Ethnopharmacology, (113), 556-559.
  31. Efterpi, C., Eleftherios, B., Ilias, G. and Panagiota, F. (2012)., Aromatic Plants as Sources of Bioactive Compounds., Agriculture, (2), 228-243.
  32. Sosovele, M. E., Hosea, K. M. and Lyimo T. J. (2012)., In vitro antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from marine Streptomyces isolated from mangrove sediments of Tanzania., Journal of Biochemistry and Technology, (3). 431-435