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Phytochemical and in vitro bioactivity of Entada africana Guill & Perott (Fabaceae) stem bark methanol extracts on Schistosoma haematobium cercaria

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • 2Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., Volume 13, Issue (2), Pages 21-28, May,10 (2024)

Abstract

Schistosomiasis, has attained socioeconomic and public health significance, especially in sub-Saharan Africa; ranking second after malaria. Potential resistance to niclosamide, resulted in search for alternative control measures that is cheap and accessible to most rural communities. This study was therefore aimed at screening the bioactive metabolites of Entada africana (E. africana), and larvicidal effects of the stem bark methanol extracts against Bulinus globosus (B. globosus) cercaria. Soxhlet extraction of the crude powder was done using methanol solvent. Qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures. Cercariae were challenged with different concentrations. Dechlorinated water with cercaria was used as control. Rate of mortality, LC50 values and Kaplan-Maier survivorship curve at 60 minutes of post exposure (PE) was assessed. Data were analyzed using GraphPad® Prism version 8.4. Screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids among others. Saponins and carbohydrate was high in the stem bark and leaf extract respectively. At p ≤ 0.05, there was significant difference in rate of mortality; LSD: 11.52, % interaction = 16.00, 95% CI (-2.65 to 9.06). At 50 minutes of PE, all parasites were dead. The LC50, valued at 46.00±6.93, and 100% mortality across all concentrations was at 90mg/l in 10 minutes of PE. Mortality was concentration and time dependent. Control showed motility throughout 60 minutes of PE. The in vitro evaluation of E. africana stem bark methanol extract was potent against the infective larval stage of S. haematobium, and showed high potential as an anticercarial agent.

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