Relation between Nutrient intake, Dietary diversity and Physical activity in Indian adults

    , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Home Science, Govt. D.B. Girls’ P.G. College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
  • 2Badri Prasad Lodhi Govt. P.G. College, Arang, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
  • 3Analyst, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Res. J. Family, Community and Consumer Sci., Volume 14, Issue (1), Pages 36-41, January,27 (2026)

Abstract

Early screening of NCDs and nutritional deficiency disorders among the general healthy population is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Most of the recent nutritional assessment studies focus on certain disease conditions or age groups, and the apparently healthy adult group is not considered. The present study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status in adults of Raipur city and to identify the association of nutritional intake with various health-related factors in adults aged 16 to 45 years. The study adopted an exploratory, cross-sectional design employing a convenience sampling technique in selecting 65 willing, healthy adults aged between 16 and 45 years from urban and rural areas of Raipur District. The excluded subjects included those below 16 or above 45 years of age, or those with disabilities or physiological conditions such as pregnancy. Data was collected using a self-prepared semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire containing 40 questions. Scoring was calculated across five sections including Dietary diversity and Nutrient Intake. The SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis. Intake of calories (60%), carbohydrates (47%), and fat (48%) was lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowance, while the protein intake was higher (104%). Macronutrient contribution to total calories did not fully correspond to EAT-Lancet recommendations, with higher carbohydrate intake (63.06%) and lower fat (17.56%). The dietary diversity score averaged 6.83 out of 10, and the physical activity score was 0.70 out of 5. The overweight/obese group had the highest intake of unhealthy foods. With an increased BMI, the score for dietary diversity and good cooking practices decreased. The present study will contribute valuable inputs on how dietary diversity, physical activity, nutrient intake, and lifestyle practices influence the BMI and nutritional status of adults in Raipur. Results indicate that the overweight population consumes fewer essential nutrients and has higher daily consumption of unhealthy/packaged foods compared to their underweight counterparts, reflecting the impact of poor dietary choices. Further investigation is needed to study the impact of additional factors such as genetic predisposition and psychosocial conditions on nutritional health.

References

  1. Chand R, Joshi P, Khadka S, eds. (2022)., Indian Agriculture Towards 2030: Pathways for Enhancing Farmers’ Income, Nutritional Security and Sustainable Food and Farm Systems., Springer Nature Singapore; 2022. doi:10.1007/978-981-19-0763-0
  2. Repot (2024)., Food Waste Index Report 2024 (By-UNEP)., March 28, 2024. Accessed November 8, 2024. https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/45230
  3. worldbank (2022)., India - National Family Survey 2019-2021., (2022). https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/ catalog/4482Accessed September 12, 2024.
  4. Thompson FE and Subar AF. (2017)., Dietary Assessment Methodology., In: Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease. Elsevier; 2017:5-48. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-802928-2.00001-1
  5. J M, A D, G H, L S. (2020)., Diet Quality as Assessed by the Healthy Eating Index, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Score, and Health Outcomes: A Second Update of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies., J Acad Nutr Diet., 120(12). doi:10.1016/j.jand.2020.08.076
  6. ICMR-NIN Expert Committee (2024)., Dietary Guidelines for Indians-2024., https://www.nin.res.in/dietaryguidelines/ pdfjs/locale/DGI07052024P.pdfAccessed September 8, 2024
  7. Gibney MJ. (2009)., Introduction to Human Nutrition., Wiley-Blackwell Publishers. pp 238-275. ISBN: 9781405168076
  8. Thompson FE, Subar AF, Loria CM, Reedy JL, Baranowski T. (2010)., Need for Technological Innovation in Dietary Assessment., J Am Diet Assoc., 110(1), 48-51. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2009.10.008
  9. Verger EO, Le Port A, Borderon A, et al. (2021)., Dietary Diversity Indicators and Their Associations with Dietary Adequacy and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review., Adv Nutr., 12(5), 1659-1672. doi:10.1093/advances/nmab009
  10. Butts M, Sundaram VL, Murughiyan U, Borthakur A, Singh S. (2023)., The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Intestinal Nutrient Absorption: A Comprehensive Review., Nutrients. 15(7), 1571. doi:10.3390/nu15071571
  11. Ramos E, Costa A, Araújo J, Severo M and Lopes C. (2013)., Effect of television viewing on food and nutrient intake among adolescents., Nutrition, 29(11), 1362-1367. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2013.05.007
  12. Muhammad T, Anil Kumar AHS and Sekher TV. (2024), Gender-specific associations between sleep quality, sleep duration and cognitive functioning among older Indians: findings from WHO-SAGE study., Sleep Sci Pract., 8(1), 6. doi:10.1186/s41606-024-00100-z
  13. Northrop-Clewes CA, Thurnham DI, Clin Chim Acta. (2007)., Monitoring micronutrients in cigarette smokers., 377(1-2), 14-38. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2006.08.028
  14. Uzhova I, Mullally D, Peñalvo JL, Gibney ER. (2018), Regularity of Breakfast Consumption and Diet: Insights from National Adult Nutrition Survey., Nutrients, 10(11), 1578. doi:10.3390/nu10111578
  15. Willett W, Rockström J, Loken B, et al. (2019)., Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems., Lancet Lond Engl., 393(10170), 447-492. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4