International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN. 

Statistical analysis to identify potential block enriched with total economic heavy minerals within territorial water around Kalingapatnam, Bhavanapadu and Baruva Area, off AP, Bay of Bengal, East Coast of India

    , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Geological Survey of India, OPEC-II, Marine and Coastal Surveys Division, Visakhapatnam, India
  • 2Geological Survey of India, OPEC-II, Marine and Coastal Surveys Division, Visakhapatnam, India
  • 3Geological Survey of India, OPEC-II, Marine and Coastal Surveys Division, Visakhapatnam, India

Int. Res. J. Earth Sci., Volume 12, Issue (2), Pages 1-10, August,25 (2024)

Abstract

The East Coast of India (ECI) especially the area in the coastal part of Kalingapatnam, Bhavanapadu and Baruva is known for its rich Heavy Mineral (HM) occurrences. The HMs reported in this area are: Ilmenite, Sillimanite, Garnet, Monazite, Zircon, Rutile etc. This set of HMs are generally referred as Total Economic Heavy Minerals (TEHMs). Around this area, Geological Survey of India (GSI) has carried out several cruises to generate baseline data and collected samples to report commodities having significant economic importance. In this paper a mathematical model involving statistical analysis has been carried out to study the corroboration between various data obtained by GSI. The extent of corroboration between known geological samples and the geophysical datasets like Magnetic Anomaly (MA), Free Air Gravity Anomaly data has been studied. Threshold determination was carried out using classical limits, Z-Score analysis etc. The multivariate analysis study has been used to estimate the degree of correlation. The stratigraphy has been interpreted from the single channel seismic reflection study. The deposition pattern is found to be guided by an inferred ridge. The detailed analysis has helped to demarcate a potential area of 2327.6 sq km enriched with TEHMs with water depth between ~ 0.3 to 100m isobath.

References

  1. Bastia, R., Radhakrishna, M., Srinivas, T., Nayak, S., Nathaniel, D.M., & Biswal, T.K. (2010)., Structural and tectonic interpretation of geophysical data along the Eastern Continental Margin of India with special reference to the deep water petroliferous basins., Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 39(6), 608-619,
  2. Khedr, M. Z., Zaghloul, H., Takazawa, E., El-Nahas, H., Azer, M. K., & El-Shafei, S. A. (2023)., Genesis and evaluation of heavy minerals in black sands: A case study from the southern Eastern Desert of Egypt., Geochemistry, 83(1), 125945.
  3. MINES, I. B. O. (2016)., Government of India Ministry of Mines Indian Bureau of Mines.,
  4. Sahoo, N.C., Badireddi, V.S.S.A.N., Katari, M., Mullagiri, V.R., Jagannathan, V., Arivasan M.R., Kumar, R., Bezawada, M.V.S.S., Ahemed, S., Saha, D., & Paramjeet., (2022)., Close Grid Mineral Exploration for Placer Minerals Within The Territorial Waters Off Bavanapadu, Nuvvalarevu, Andhra Pradesh, Cruise ST-282., Unpublished GSI report for Field Season Programme 2021-22
  5. https://topex.ucsd.edu/cgi-bin/get_data.cgi, SRTM data, 20th May, 2024., undefined, undefined
  6. Gorle, R., Borkar, B.N., Ray S.K.., Saha, D., Kumar, A. & Rambabu, P., (2022)., Geophysical (Magnetic) survey within continental shelf off Kalingapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Coast, Bay of Bengal, Cruise ST-285., Unpublished GSI report for Field Season Programme 2021-22, https://www.gsi.gov.in.
  7. Gorle, R., Sahoo, N.C., Ray S.K.., Paramjeet., & Rambabu, P., (2023)., Geophysical (shallow seismic and magnetic) surveys within continental shelf off Baruva, Andhra Pradesh coast, Bay of Bengal, Cruise ST-287., Unpublished GSI report for Field Season Programme 2021-22, https://www.gsi.gov.in.
  8. Kelley, K. D. (2013)., Mineral Exploration: Principles and Applications., Economic Geology, 108(6), 1518-1519.
  9. Vaz, G. G., Mohapatra, G. P., & Hariprasad, M. (1998)., Orgin and Palaeoenvironmental Aspects of Red Sediments from Bavanapadu-Ichchapuram, Andhra Pradesh., Journal of Geological Society of India, 463-471.
  10. Raju, S. (2016)., Geological survey of India., 1061-1081. https://bhukosh.gsi.gov.in/Bhukosh/Public, 20th March, 2024.
  11. Lowrie, W., & Fichtner, A. (2020)., Fundamentals of geophysics. Cambridge university press.,
  12. Telford, W. M., Geldart, L. P., & Sheriff, R. E. (1990)., Applied geophysics., Cambridge university press.
  13. Leys, C., Ley, C., Klein, O., Bernard, P., & Licata, L. (2013)., Detecting outliers: Do not use standard deviation around the mean, use absolute deviation around the median., Journal of experimental social psychology, 49(4), 764-766.
  14. Davis, J. C. (1986)., Statistics and data analysis in geology John Wiley and Sons., New York, 289-291.
  15. Bouvatier, V., Lepetit, L., Rehault, P. N., & Strobel, F. (2023)., Time-varying Z-score measures for bank insolvency risk: Best practice., Journal of Empirical Finance, 73, 170-179.
  16. Thébault, E., Finlay, C. C., Beggan, C. D., Alken, P., Aubert, J., Barrois, O., ... & Zvereva, T. (2015)., International geomagnetic reference field: The 12th generation., Earth, Planets and Space, 67, 1-19.
  17. Gadallah, M. R., & Fisher, R. (2008)., Exploration geophysics., Springer Science & Business Media.
  18. Blakely, R. J. (1996)., Potential theory in gravity and magnetic applications., Cambridge university press.
  19. Talwani, M. (1964)., Computation of magnetic anomalies caused by two dimensional structures of arbitary shape., Computers in the mineral industries, 1, 464-480.
  20. Malleswara Rao, M.M., Rao, M.M.J., S., Venkateswarlu, K., Murthy, K.S.R., Radhakrishna I.V.M, & Subrahmanyam, A.S., (2000)., Basement configuration of Visakhapatnam - Paradip continental margin from inversion of magnetic anomalies. Indian Jour., Marine. Sci, 29, 176-178.
  21. Murthy. K.S.R., (1989)., Seismic stratigraphy of Ongole –Paradip continental shelf East Coast of India., Indian Journal of Earth Sciences, 16(1), 47-58.
  22. Sangvai, P., Srinivasa Rao, G., Murthy, K. S. R., & Radhakrishna, M. (2020)., Crustal architecture and rift tectonics across the Visakhapatnam Bay basin, central-east Indian margin: Insights from multichannel seismic and potential field data., Journal of Earth System Science, 129, 1-14.
  23. Rao, B. R., Mohapatra, G. P., Vaz, G. G., REDDY, D., Hari Prasad, M., & Misra, U. S. (1992)., Origin and distribution of inner continental shelf sands along parts of North Andhra Coast., Visesa Prakasana-Bharatiya Bhuvaijñanika Sarveksana, (29), 173-179.
  24. Rao, M.V.V.N., Murthy, P.S.N., Jayant Kumar, Ch., Kumar, A., Rao, J.A.N., & Chakravarthi, D., (2006)., Geotechnical Investigation off Kalingapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, Cruise ST-175., Unpublished GSI report for Field Season Programme 2021-22, https://www.gsi.gov.in.
  25. Mohan, K.R., & Rao, T.C.S., (1994)., Holocene sea-levels of Visakhapatnam shelf, east coast of India., Jour. Geol. Soc. Ind., 44, 685-689.
  26. Subrahmanyam, A.S., Murty, G.P.S., Sarma, K.V.L.N.S., Rao M., K., Reddy., N.P.C., Malleswara Rao., M.M, Subrahmanyam., V., Suneetha R. P., Anuradha A., & Murthy, K.S.R., (2007)., Qualitative Assessment of Tectonic Lineaments over the Coastal and Innershelf of Kakinada and Kalingapatnam, Central East Coast of India., Jour. of Geol. Soc. of India, 69, 1328-1334.
  27. Spector A., & Grant F. S., (1970)., Statistical models for interpreting aeromagnetic data., Geophysics, 35, 293–302.
  28. Miller, H. G., & Singh, V. (1994)., Potential field tilt—a new concept for location of potential field sources., Journal of applied Geophysics, 32(2-3), 213-217.
  29. Zahra, H. S., & Oweis, H. T. (2016)., Application of high-pass filtering techniques on gravity and magnetic data of the eastern Qattara Depression area, Western Desert, Egypt., NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 5(1), 106-123.
  30. Hansen, R. O., Pawlowski, R. S., & Wang, X. (1987)., Joint use of analytic signal and amplitude of horizontal gradient maxima for three-dimensional gravity data interpretation., In SEG International Exposition and Annual Meeting, SEG-1987. SEG.
  31. Roest, W. R., Verhoef, J., & Pilkington, M. (1992)., Magnetic interpretation using the 3-D analytic signal., Geophysics, 57(1), 116-125.
  32. Mudge S.T. (1994)., Placers: Geophysical surveys of the Eneabba heavy-mineral sand field., Eneabba, Western Australia, ASEG Extended Abstracts, 1, 427-432, DOI: 10.1071/ASEGSpec07_32.
  33. Teakle, M., & Mudge, S. (2003)., Geophysical exploration for heavy-mineral sands near Mindarie, South Australia., ASEG Extended Abstracts, (3), 249-255.
  34. Geological Survey of India, Dasgupta, S., Narula, P. L., Acharyya, S. K., & Banerjee, J. (2000)., Seismotectonic atlas of India and its environs., Geological Survey of India.