@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Modeling of trihalomethanes in the water distribution network of Brazzaville, Congo<#LINE#>NDOKI @Bernard,Matini @Laurent,Moutou Joseph @Marie,IFO @Grace <#LINE#>1-10<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2018-044.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Industriels, ENSP, UMNG, BP 69, Brazzaville, Congo@Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS, UMNG, BP 69, Brazzaville, Congo@Laboratoire de Chimie, ENS, UMNG, BP 69, Brazzaville, Congo and Laboratoire de Chimie Minérale et Appliquée, FST, UMNG, BP 69, Brazzaville, Congo@Laboratoire de Chimie Minérale et Appliquée, FST, UMNG, BP 69, Brazzaville, Congo<#LINE#>31/5/2018<#LINE#>8/7/2018<#LINE#>The preparation of clean water from a hygienic point of view is one of the main challenges of our time. It is therefore essential to carry out an appropriate treatment of water, in order to avoid any risk to health. In this study, THMTs were identified and quantified in the drinking water distribution network during two sampling periods, namely September 2016 and March 2017, which represent the dry and rainy seasons respectively, with other parameters such as total organic carbon (TOC), temperature (T), pH, concentration of consumed chlorine (DCl), absorbance (UV 254nm), residual chlorine concentration (Cl2 res.), bromide ion (Br-) and ammonium ion (NH4+). THMT are mainly composed of chloroform, which accounts for 97% of THMT. The parameters for better prediction of THMT concentration were: TOC, T and DCI with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.92.<#LINE#>Ingle P.M., Bhange H.N., Gavit B.K. and Purohit R.C. (2018).@Appraisal of groundwater quality to estimate its appropriateness for farming uses.@Res. J. Recent Sci., 7(5), 21-24.@No$Chowdhury S., Rodriguez M.J. and Sadiq R. (2011).@Disinfection byproducts in Canadian provinces: associated cancer risks and medical expenses.@Journal of hazardous materials, 187(1-3), 574-584.@Yes$Arman K., Pardakhti A., Osoleddini N. and Leili M. (2016).@Cancer risk assessment from multi-exposure to chloroform in drinking water of Ilam City, Iran.@Avicenna J Environ Health Eng., 3(1), e5331, 1-7.@Yes$Zidane F., Cheggari K., Blais J.F., Khlil N., Ahmed S.I., Bensaid J. and Drogui P. (2014).@Effect of organic pollution on trihalomethanes formation and halogenated organic compounds in feed water of Casablanca in Morocco.@J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 5(2), 338-349.@Yes$Guergazi S., Yahiaoui K., Amimeur D. and Achour S. (2014).@Impact of the chlorination process on the quality of Algerian surface waters.@J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 5(2), 2354-2358.@Yes$Rodriguez M.J., Serodes J.B. and Levallois P. (2004).@Behavior of trihalomethanes and haloacitic acids in a drinking water distribution system.@Water Research, 38(20), 4367-4382.@Yes$Galapate R.P., Base A.U., Ito K. and Okada M. (1999).@The trihalomethane formation potentiel prediction using some chemical functional groups and bulk parameters.@Water Research, 33(11), 2555-2560.@Yes$Rook J.J. (1974).@Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural waters.@Water Treat Examiners, 23(2), 234-243.@Yes$Golfinopoulos S.K. and Arhonditsis G.B. (2006).@National primary drinking water regulation (Stage 2) disinfectant and disinfection by products (Final rule).@Fed. Regist, 71, 388- 493.@Yes$Souaya E.R., Abdullah A.M., Maatook G.A. and Abdelkhabeer  M.A. (2014).@Exposure Assessment and the Risk Associated with Trihalomethane Compounds in Drinking Water, Cairo-Egypt.@J Environ Anal Toxicol, 5, 243.@Yes$Yazdanbakhsh A., Leili M., Rezazadeh A.M., Masoudinejad M. and Majlesi M. (2014).@Chloroform concentration in drinking water of Tehran.@J. Mazan- daran Univ Med Sci., 24(114), 102-130.@Yes$US-EPA. (2006).@Initial Distribution System Evaluation Guidance Manual for the Final Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products Rule.@Washington, DC. Report N°: EPA 815-B-06-002.@Yes$Schriks M., Heringa M.B., van der Kooi M.M., de Voogt P. and Van Wezel A.P. (2010).@Toxicological relevance of emerging contaminants for drinking water quality.@Water research, 44(2), 461-476.@Yes$Mishra B.K., Priya T., Gupta S.K. and Sinha A. (2016).@Modeling and characterization of natural organic matter and its relationship with the THMs formation.@Global NEST Journal, 18(4), 803-816.@Yes$Dunn G., Bakker K. and Harris L. (2014).@Drinking water quality guidelines across Canadian provinces and territories: jurisdictional variation in the context of decentralized water governance.@International journal of environmental research and public health, 11(5), 4634-4651.@Yes$Di Cristo C., Esposito G. and Leopardi A. (2013).@Modelling trihalomethanes formation in water supply systems.@Environmental technology, 34(1), 61-70.@Yes$Gan W., Guo W., Mo J., He Y., Liu Y., Liu W., Liang Y. and Yang X. (2013).@The occurrence of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water in China’s Pearl River Delta and a multipath way cancer risk assessment.@Sci. Total Environ., 447, 108-115.@Yes$Mouly D., Joulin E., Rosin C., Beaudeau P., Zeghnoun A., Olszewski-Ortar A. and Montiel A. (2010).@Variations in trihalomethane levels in three French water distribution systems and the development of a predictive model.@water research, 44(18), 5168-5179.@Yes$Golfinopoulos S.K. and Arhonditsis G.B. (2002).@Multiple regression models: A methodology for evaluating trihalomethane concentrations in drinking water from raw water characteristics.@Chemosphere, 47(9), 1007-1018.@Yes$Dominguez T.A., Arias B.A., Tamara G.B. and Gómez A.J. (2015).@Seasonal and spatial evolution of trihalomethanes in a drinking water distribution system according to the treatment process.@Environ Monit. Assess, 187, 662.@Yes$World Health Organization (WHO). (2011).@Guidelines for drinking-water quality.@4(27), Geneva,         Switzerland.@No$National Health and Medical Research Council (2004).@Australian Drinking Water Guidelines.@6. Available at http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines/publications/eh34.@No$Hervé G. and Urs V.G. (2002).@Chlorination of natural organic matter: Kinetics of chlorination and of THM formation.@Water Research, 36(1), 65-74.@Yes$Liang L. and Singer P.C. (2003).@Factors influencing the formation and relative distribution of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes in drinking water.@Environ. Sci. Technol, 37(13), 2920-2928.@Yes$Chen W.J. and Welsel CP. (1998).@Halogenated DBP concentrations in a distribution system.@J Am Water work Assoc, 90(4), 151-163.@Yes$Ali S. (2011).@Significant test of coefficient multiple regressions by using permutation methods.@Journal of Applied Sciences, 11(18), 3328-3332.@No$Hassani A.H., Jafari M.A. and Torabifar B. (2010).@Trihalomethanes Concentration in Different Components of Water Treatment Plant and Water Distribution System in the North of Iran.@Int. J. Environ. Res., 4(4), 887-892.@Yes$Lombardi L. and Carnevale E. (2013).@Economic evaluations of innovative biogas upgrading method with CO2 storage.@Energy, 62, 88-94.@Yes
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Evaluation of power MOSFET IRF150 using OrCAD capture<#LINE#>Pratap @Rai,Tshering @Zangmo,Purna B. @Samal <#LINE#>11-19<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2018-043.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Phuentsholing, Bhutan@Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Phuentsholing, Bhutan@Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Phuentsholing, Bhutan<#LINE#>15/11/2017<#LINE#>28/5/2018<#LINE#>Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) is a type of Field Effect Transistor, which acts as a voltage-controlled current device. It operates by controlling the width of the channel that lies between drain and source terminal. Depending upon the width of the channel along which the charge flows the operating region of the transistor is defined. These operating regions are cut region, triode region and saturation region. This paper presents the analysis and evaluation of IRF150 n-channel E-MOSFET in OrCAD Capture. The analysis includes the characteristics curve, voltage transfer function and power consumption of MOSFET. The evaluations of the small signal characteristics, analog and digital frequency response and maximum frequency of the MOSFET are also presented. Through the evaluation, the minimum threshold voltage required to turn on the transistor IRF150 is found to be 3V. The MOSFET exhibits switching logic threshold voltage of 2.872V. The resulting low noise margin and high noise margin are approximately +11.928% and -16.316% respectively. The power consumed with low input voltage is 126.020 nW and24.992mW for high input voltage. With the corner frequency of 55.857 KHz and slope of 18.975 dB/Decade the evaluated MOSFET circuit behaves like a low pass filter.<#LINE#>Balogh L. (2017).@Fundamentals of MOSFET and IGBT Gate Driver Circuits.@Texas Instruments–Application report, SLUA618-March.@Yes$Jacob Millman and Arvin Grabel (2008).@Microelectronics, India.@133-167. ISBN-13:978-0-07-463736-4. ISBN-10: 0-07-463736-3.@No$John Papiewski (2018).@Difference Between P Channel and N Channel on MOSFET.@Electronics. https:// ourpastimes.com /difference-between-p-channel-n-channel-mosfet-12175986.html, 23rd January 2018@No$Alpha and Omega (2018).@Power MOSFET Basics.@Semiconductor, www.aosmd.com/res/application_notes/mosfets/Power_MOSFET_Basics.pdf, 23rd January 2018@No$Datasheet catalogue (2018).@IRF150, Fairchild Semiconductor.@http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheets_pdf/I/R/F/1/IRF150.shtml, 23rd January 2018@No$OrCAD (2014).@Capture Lite CIS.@(Version 16.5) [Software] OrCAD Cadence PCB solutions. Available from:http://www.orcad.com/. 2014.@No$Grant D.A. and Gowar J. (1989).@Power MOSFETs: theory and applications.@New York etc.: Wiley, 55-65.@Yes$Pal A. (2015).@MOS Inverters.@In Low-Power VLSI Circuits and Systems, Springer, New Delhi, 67-102. 10.1007/978-81-322-1937-8_4@Yes$Zabeli M., Caka N., Limani M. and Kabashi Q. (2017).@Role of MOSFETs Transconductance Parameters and Threshold Voltage in CMOS Inverter Behavior in DC Mode.@Preprints, 2017070084 (doi: 10.20944/preprints201707.0084.v1)@Yes$Jim Stiles (2018).@Handouts-Noise Margin, University of Kansas.@Department of EECS, http://www.ittc.ku.edu/~jstiles/312 /handouts/Noise%20Margins.pdf, 25th January 2018@No$Selkey F. (2010).@Power Consumption of a MOSFET.@Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One+ Two, 2(2), 11.@Yes
<#LINE#>Renewable mobile charger using piezoelectric transducer<#LINE#>Cheten @Tshering,Dawa @Tshering <#LINE#>20-23<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2018-045.pdf<#LINE#>Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, College of Science and Technology Rinchenching: Phuntsholing, Bhutan@Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, College of Science and Technology Rinchenching: Phuntsholing, Bhutan<#LINE#>15/11/2017<#LINE#>31/5/2018<#LINE#>The paper propose to generate electrical energy through the mechanical stress on the screen of cellular phone. The mechanical stress applied on the touch screen of cellular phone while using is converted to electrical energy using the proposed transparent piezoelectric transducer. The location of the transducer is proposed for its attachment at the back of the cell phone screen. Though it may not generate enough power for successful running of the cellular phone, the method generates sufficient amount of power for automatic and gradual cell phone charging. The charging through such proposal increases the battery life of the cellular phone for longer use time.<#LINE#>Ashna Joseph, Bony Tom, Devika P.V., Femin Joseph and Jithin A.J. (2007).@Electrical Energy Production.@International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering.@No$Ashna Joseph, Bony Tom, Devika P.V., Femin Joseph and Jithin A.J. (2016).@Electrical Energy Production.@International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering.@No$Dhanalakshmi G. and Sangeetha T.M.M.M.S. (2017).@Footstep Power Generation System.@International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science, 6(4). ISSN: 2319-7242. doi:10.18535/ijecs/v6i4.38@Yes$Brodie G., Qiu Y., Cochran S., Spalding G. and Macdonald M. (2014).@Optically transparent piezoelectric transducer for ultrasonic particle manipulation.@IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 61(3), 389-391.@Yes$Brodie G., Qiu Y., Cochran S., Spalding G. and Macdonald M. (2014).@Optically Transparent Piezoelectric Transducer.@IEEE Transac TIons on UlTrasonIcs, FErroElEcTrIcs and FrEqUEncyconTrol. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ TUFFc. 2014.2923@No$Kim H.W., Batra A., Priya S., Uchino K., Markley D., Newnham R.E. and Hofmann H.F. (2004).@Energy harvesting using a piezoelectric “cymbal” transducer in dynamic environment.@Japanese journal of applied physics, 43(9R), 6178.@Yes$Park K.I., Son J.H., Hwang G.T., Jeong C.K., Ryu J., Koo M. and Lee K.J. (2014).@Highly&#8208;efficient, flexible piezoelectric PZT thin film nanogenerator on plastic substrates.@Advanced materials, 26(16), 2514-2520. doi: DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305659@Yes$Saranya M. and Selvarasu S. (2016).@Piezo Electric Based Energy Harvesting.@International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Enginnering and Technology. doi:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0504169@No$Saranya M. and Selvarasu S. (2016).@Piezo Electric Based Energy Harvesting from Footsteps.@International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. doi:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0504169@No$Shiraz Afzal and Farrukhhafeez (2014).@Power Generation Footstep.@International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology.@Yes
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting non-rhizobial Root nodule bacteria of major legumes in Malawi<#LINE#>Samuel @Mwafulirwa,Shanmuga Priya @Samson,Emanuel Mpumulo @Nkasala,Fortune @Kanyada <#LINE#>24-29<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJRS-2018-033.pdf<#LINE#>Ministry of Agriculture, Chitedze Agricultural Research Station box 158, Lilongwe, Malawi@Malawi University of Science and Technology, P.O BOX 5196, Limbe, Malawi@Ministry of Agriculture, Chitedze Agricultural Research Station box 158, Lilongwe, Malawi@Department of Forest, Kasungu District Office, P.O BOX 314 Kasungu, Malawi<#LINE#>28/3/2018<#LINE#>10/7/2018<#LINE#>Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) are important microorganisms inoculated into agricultural land and act positively to crop production to achieve sustainable agriculture. Rhizobium inoculation is the most commonly used PGPR for production of legumes. However, isolation, reproducibility, competitive survivability and efficacy of rhizobial inoculation need understanding of their compatibility in natural state. To address the problem research has shown that inoculation of nonrhizobial nodule-associated bacteria acts positively on plant growth and nodulation when coinoculated with rhizobia. This study investigated nonrhizobial nodule-associated bacteria for legume crops grown in Malawi. Microbes were isolated from root nodules using yeast extract mannitol agar supplemented with congo red. Biochemical test and genetic characterization using 16S rDNA gene were used for strain identification which was supplemented by testing for the presence of Plant Growth Promoting Traits (PGPT). Results showed diversity of gram-negative nonrhizobial nodule-associated bacteria in the genus of Klebsiella, Leclercia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Enterococcus. Isolated microbes were not host specific and have PGPT. The study puts assumption that these nonrhizobial nodule-associated bacteria isolates are not crop specific but site specific and are responsible for increase in yield, yield components and nitrogen fixation in legume production.<#LINE#>Castro-Sowinski S., Herschkovitz Y., Okon Y. and Jurkevitch E. (2007).@Effects of inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on resident rhizosphere microorganisms.@FEMS Microbiol Lett., 276(1), 1-11. doi:10.1111/ j.1574-6968.2007.00878.x.@Yes$Rajendran G., Patel M.H. and Joshi S.J. (2012).@Isolation and characterization of nodule-associated Exiguobacterium sp. from the root nodules of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and their possible role in plant growth promotion.@International journal of microbiology. doi:10.1155/2012/693982.@Yes$Ghevariya K.K. and Desai P.B. (2014).@Rhizobacteria of sugarcane: in vitro screening for their plant growth promoting potentials.@Res. J. Recent Sci, 3, 52-58.@Yes$Leite J., Fischer D., Rouws L.F., Fernandes-Júnior P.I., Hofmann A., Kublik S. and Radl V. (2017).@Cowpea nodules harbor non-rhizobial bacterial communities that are shaped by soil type rather than plant genotype.@Frontiers in plant science, 7, 2064, 1-11. doi:10.3389/ fpls.2016.02064.@Yes$Sciences P. and Technology C. (2017).@Co-inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and rhizobia for improving growth and yield of mungbean.@Vigna ... 2011;(July 2017).@No$Argaw A. (2011).@Evaluation of co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Phosphate solubilizing Pseudomonas spp. effect on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in Assossa Area.@Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 14(1), 213-224.@Yes$Aditya B., Ghosh A. and Chattopadhyay D. (2009).@Co-inoculation effects of nitrogen fixing and phosphate solublising microorganisms on teak (Tectona grandis) and indian redwood (Chukrasiatu bularis).@J. Biol. Sci, 1, 23-32.@Yes$Aamir M., Aslam A., Khan M.Y. and Usman M. (2013).@Co-inoculation with rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for inducing salinity tolerance in mung bean under field condition of semi-arid climate.@Asian J. Agri. Biol. 1(1), 7-12.@Yes$Bourque F.G. (2011).@The Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Endophytes of Sw itchgrass (Panicu m virgatum L .).@Bioenergy Crop, 2011.@Yes$Santi C., Bogusz D. and Franche C. (2013).@Biological nitrogen fixation in non-legume plants.@Annals of botany, 111(5), 743-767. doi:10.1093/aob/mct048.@Yes$Stajkovi&#263; O., De Meyer S., Mili&#269;i&#263; B. and Willems A. (2009).@Isolation and characterization of endophytic non-rhizobial bacteria from root nodules of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).@Botanica serbica, 33(1), 107-114.@Yes$Habte M. (1985).@Selective medium for recovering specific populations of rhizobia introduced into tropical soils.@Applied and environmental microbiology, 50(6), 1553-1555.@Yes$Wedage W.M.M. and Gunawardana D. (2016).@Rhizobial and non-Rhizobial nodulators of Pueraria phaseoloides.@4-8.@Yes$Mwafulirwa S., Obiero G., Mpeketula P. and Aboge G. (2017).@Isolation of indigenous glyphosate degrading microbes from selected agro ecological zones of Malawi.@6(12), 1-9.@No$Zhao L., Xu Y., Sun R., Deng Z., Yang W. and Wei G. (2011).@Identification and characterization of the endophytic plant growth prompter Bacillus cereus strain MQ23 isolated from Sophora alopecuroides root nodules.@Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 42(2), 567-575.@Yes$Qureshi M.A., Iqbal A., Akhtar N., Shakir M.A. and Khan A. (2012).@Co-inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and rhizobia in the presence of L-tryptophan for the promotion of mash bean (Vigna mungo L.).@Soil & Environment, 31(1), 47-54.@Yes$Hossain M.Z. and Lundquist P.O. (2016).@Nodule Inhabiting Non-rhizobial Bacteria and Their influence on growth of selected leguminous plants of Bangladesh.@Biores Commun, 2, 139-145.@Yes$Sharma V., Archana G. and Kumar G.N. (2011).@Plasmid load adversely affects growth and gluconic acid secretion ability of mineral phosphate-solubilizing rhizospheric bacterium Enterobacter asburiae PSI3 under P limited conditions.@Microbiological research, 166(1), 36-46. doi:10.1016/j.micres. 2010.01.008.@Yes$Kumar G.K., Ram M.R. (2017).@Plant Growth Promoting Characteristics of Non- Rhizobial Strains Isolated From Root Nodules of Vigna Trilobata Cultivars.@7(2), 273-278.@No$Stajkovi&#263;-Srbinovi&#263; O.L.I.V.E.R.A., Deli&#263; D.U.Š.I.C.A., Kuzmanovi&#263; D.J.O.R.D.J.E., Proti&#263; N.A.D.A., Rasuli&#263; N. A.T.A.Š.A. and Kneževi&#263;-Vuk&#269;evi&#263; J.E.L.E.N.A. (2014).@Growth and nutrient uptake in oat and barley plants as affected by rhizobacteria.@Rom. Biotechnol. Lett., 19(3), 9429-9436.@Yes$Pandya M., Kumar Naresh G. and Rajkumar S. (2013).@Invasion of rhizobial infection thread by non-rhizobia for colonization of Vigna radiata root nodules.@FEMS microbiology letters, 348(1), 58-65. doi:10.1111/1574-6968.12245.@Yes$Rugheim A.M.E. and Abdelgani M.E. (2012).@Effects of microbial and chemical fertilization on yield and seed quality of faba bean (Vicia faba).@International information system for the agricultural science and technology, 19(2), 417-422.@Yes$Abd-alla M.H., El-enany A.E., Nafady N.A., Khalaf D.M. and Morsy F.M. (2014).@Synergistic interaction of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a plant growth promoting biofertilizers for faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in alkaline soil.@Microbiol Res., 169(1), 49-58. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2013.07.007.@Yes$Li J.F., Zhang S.Q., Huo P.H., Shi S.L. and Miao Y.Y. (2013).@Effect of phosphate solubilizing rhizobium and nitrogen fixing bacteria on growth of alfalfa seedlings under P and N deficient conditions.@Pak. J. Bot, 45(5), 1557-1562.@Yes$Sarathambal C. and Ilamurugu K. (2014).@Phosphate solubilising diazotrophic bacteria associated with rhizosphere of weedy grasses.@Indian Journal of Weed Science, 46(4), 364-369.@Yes$Sachdev D.P., Chaudhari H.G., Kasture V.M., Dhavale D.D. and Chopade B.A. (2009).@Isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid (IAA) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and their effect on plant growth.@CSIR, 47, 993-1000.@Yes$López-Ortega M.D.P., Criollo-Campos P.J., Gómez-Vargas R.M., Camelo-Rusinque M., Estrada-Bonilla G., Garrido-Rubiano M.F. and Bonilla-Buitrago R. (2013).@Characterization of diazotrophic phosphate solubilizing bacteria as growth promoters of maize plants.@Colombian Journal of Biotechnology, 15(2), 115-123.@Yes
<#LINE#>Assessment of knowledge on psychosocial care children in difficult circumstances; TOT workshop for community level volunteers<#LINE#>Harikrishnan @U.,Kavitha @P.,K. @Sekar,Sr Marykutty @E.P. <#LINE#>30-34<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJRS-2018-040.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, India@National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India@Department of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, India@Department of Social Work, Christ University, Bengaluru, India<#LINE#>28/4/2018<#LINE#>17/7/2018<#LINE#>Children in difficult circumstances are vulnerable and encage in various unacceptable behaviours that is harmful to themselves as well as the society. Children in various social epicentres devoid of conductive environment may exhibit certain ways of behaviours. That lead to social disasters and this hampers their growth and development as responsible individuals. The development progress will ensue with the support of pro-social activists in each and every society. Children are one of the key groups directing future of the nation hence it becomes essential to address the psychosocial needs of children in difficult circumstances to ensure holistic care and development by providing through psychosocial care. NIMHANS has collaborated with Jyothis charitable society (NGO), Kerala for providing five days TOT workshop based on psychosocial care for children difficult circumstances. The current study is to find out the pre and post knowledge of TOT workshop on psychosocial care on children in difficult circumstances for community level Volunteers (CLVs). A quasi experimental study with pre and post assessment was conducted to demonstrate the results. The current study was to assess the knowledge among community level workers on Children in Difficult Circumstances (CDCs). There were 28 participants who were part of the TOT from Jyothis Charitable Society working with children across India. Socio demographic details of the participants was collected knowledge on psychosocial care, life skills and student enrichment programs was assessed using a continuum scale of 1 to 10. Descriptive and inferential statistics was carried out for the analysis. The results of the assessment carried out revealed that the knowledge of the participants on Psychosocial care for children in difficult circumstances. Life Skills Education as well as Student Enrichment Programs has increased. The paired sample t-test carried showed significant increase in knowledge among participants in psychosocial care for children in difficult circumstances (t=-11.01, df=25, P=.000), Life skills education (t=-21.28, df=25, P=.000) and Student enrichment programme (t=-14.02, df=25, P=.000). Preparing the community level volunteers on integration of psychosocial care for children in difficult circumstances in their existing activities for children would equip them in providing  holistic care for children in  addressing the emerging psychosocial problems among children and preventing the same at social epicentre there by arresting social disasters of varied nature.<#LINE#>Sekar K. and Kavitha P. (2015).@Psychosocial Problems among Children in Difficult Circumstances.@Artha J Soc Sci, 14(2), 53-70. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.12724/ajss.33.4@Yes$Bhan S. and Rodricks S. (2012).@Indian Perspective on Child’s Right to Education.@Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 367-376. Retrieved from https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1877042812054080/1-s2.0-S1877042812054080-main.pdf?_tid=d5865b03-84cb-4a2c-8b88-5d536b7c2c53&acdnat=1521731312_05f415b20b8ef17752b 893b95a 1155dd@Yes$Kaur R., Vinnakota A., Panigrahi S. and Manasa R.V.  (2018).@A descriptive study on behavioral and emotional problems in orphans and other vulnerable children staying in institutional homes.@Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 40(2), 161-168. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPS YM.IJPSYM_316_17.@Yes$Harikrishnan U., Arif Ali and Sobhana H. (2017). Assessment of mental health status among school going adolescents in North East India: A cross sectional school based survey. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 30, 114-117. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.08.021.@undefined@undefined@Yes$UNICEF I. (2011).@The Situation of Children in India-A Profile.@Retrieved from www.unicef.in.@Yes$Ministry of Women and Child Development (2013).@National Policy for Children.@Retrieved from http://www. wcd.nic.in/ sites/default/files/npcenglish08072013_0.pdf@No$Pillai R.R., Seema P. and Uthaman R. (2015).@Impact of Psychosocial care training among volunteers working with children in difficult circumstances.@National Journal of Professional Social Work (NJPSW), 16(1-2), 23-33.@No$Bhatkhande and Sekar K. (2003).@Trainning needs of NGO workers working with street children.@(Unpubished M.Phil Dissertation) NIMHANS, Bangalore.@No$Sekar K., Manoj Kavitha and Aravind Raj (2008). Life Skills Education for Children in Difficult Circumstances - My WorkBook. NIMHANS, Bangalore.@undefined@undefined@No$Kavitha P. and Sekar K. (2011).@Psychosocial Care for Children Affected by Tsunami - Through Child Care Activity Centers.@Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 26(S1), s137. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X11004262@Yes$WHO (1994).@Life skills education for children and adolescents in schools.@Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/ iris/handle/10665/63552.@Yes$Prajapati R., Sharma B. and Sharma D. 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