@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Influence of Weather Parameters on Lentil (Lens culinaris M.) at Allahabad, India<#LINE#>Singh@Vijay Pratap,Nath@Satyendra,Patra@Sitanshu Sekhar,Rout@Sandeep,Sahoo@Soham <#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2016-075.pdf<#LINE#>School of Forestry & Environment, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, Allahabad-211007 (UP) India@School of Forestry & Environment, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, Allahabad-211007 (UP) India@School of Forestry & Environment, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, Allahabad-211007 (UP) India@School of Forestry & Environment, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, Allahabad-211007 (UP) India@School of Forestry & Environment, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, Allahabad-211007 (UP) India<#LINE#>13/9/2016<#LINE#>28/9/2016<#LINE#>A field experiment was conducted during the 2014-2015 at the research farm of School of Forestry & Environment, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, to find out the influence of weather parameters on Lentil (Lens culinaris M.) under Allahabad condition in Randomized block design (factorial) replicated thrice. Induction of hydro priming was obtained by immersing the seeds in distilled water. The GDD accumulation was highest in D1 (1907.25 day °C) than other sowing dates. The minimum GDD was accumulated in D3 sowing (1633.15 day °C). The highest PTU was obtained by D1 (21899.10°day hrs). The hygrothermal unit-I was highest (168544.70°day percent) in the D1. HgTU-II, photo temperature, nycto temperature, inter diurnal temperature was also highest in D1.<#LINE#>FAOSTAT (2013).@Production Crops.@Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.@No$FAOSTAT (1988).@Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Traditional.@Retrieved from http://ww.fao.org.@No$Sehirali S. (1988).@Grain legume crops.@African journal of agronomy., 314-435.@Yes$Lee S.S., Kim J.H., Hong S.B., Yun S.H. and Park E.H. (1998).@Priming effect of rice seeds on seedling establishment under adverse soil conditions.@Korean Journal Crop Science., 3, 194-98.@Yes$Kant S., Pahuja S.S. and Pannu R.K. (2006).@Effect of seed priming on growth and phenology of wheat under late-sown conditions.@Tropical Science, 3, 9-150.@Yes$Giri G.S. and Schillinger W.F. (2003).@Seed priming winter wheat for germination, emergence and yield.@Crop Science., 3, 2135-2141.@Yes$Sivritepe H.O. and Dourado A.M. (1995).@The effect of priming treatments on the viability and accumulation of chromosomal damage in aged pea seeds.@Annals of  Botany., 75(2), 165-171.@Yes$Chang S.M. and Sung J.M. (1998).@Deteriorative changes in primed sweet corn seeds during storage.@Seed Science Technology., 26, 613-626.@Yes$Taylor A.G., Allen P.S., Bennett M.A., Bradford K.J., Burris J.S. and Misra M.K. (1998).@Seed enhancements.@Seed Science Research., 8, 254-256.@Yes$Parera C.A. and Cantliffe D.J. (1994).@Pre-sowing seed priming.@Horticulture Review., 3, 109-141.@No$Nuttonson M.Y.  (1955).@Wheat-climatic relationships and the use of phenology in ascertaining the thermal and photo thermal requirements of wheat.@Soil Science., 83(2), 163.@Yes$Reddy T.Y. and Reddy G.H. (2001).@Principles of Agronomy.@Kalyani Publisher, Ludhiana.78-98.@Yes$Mehta U.R. and Mathur B.N. (1979).@Effect of sowing time and seed rate on yield of wheat in Arid Region of Rajasthan.@Indian Journal of Agronomy., 1, 17-20.@Yes$Rajput R.P. (1980).@Response of soybean crop to climate and soil environment.@Ph. D. Thesis, IARI, New Delhi.@Yes$Wang J.Y. (1963).@Agricultural Meteorology.@University of Wisconsin, Medison, Pacemaker Press. 101-135.@Yes$Ong C.K. (1983).@Response to temperature in a stand of pearl millet (Pennisetium typhoides S. & H.).@J. Experimental Botany, 34(140), 337-348.@Yes$Fussell L.K., Pearson C.J. and Norman M.J.T. (1980).@Effect of temperature during various growth stages on grain development and yield of Pennisetum americanum.@Journal of Experimental Botany., 31, 621-633.@Yes$Mashingaidze K. and Muchena S. (1982).@induction of floret sterility by low temperatures in pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf. & Hubbard).@Zimbabwe J. Agric. Res. 20: 29-37.@Yes$Singh A.K., Tripathi P. and Adhar S. (2008).@Heat unit requirements for phenophases of Wheat genotypes as influenced by sowing dates.@J. Agromet., 10(2), 209-212.@Yes$Sastry P.N.S. and Chakarvarty N.V.K. (1982).@Energy summation indices for Wheat crop in India.@Agricultural Meteorology, 27(1-2), 45-48.@Yes
<#LINE#>Anthelmintic and Food Supplementary Conscientiousness of Apitoxin in Poultry Model<#LINE#>Sushil Kumar@Upadhyay <#LINE#>9-14<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2016-076.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, K.V. Faculty of Science, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut-250005 (UP), India<#LINE#>16/9/2016<#LINE#>27/9/2016<#LINE#>The current investigation was conducted to analyze the anthelmintic and food supplementary activity of bee venom in poultry model. The crude apitoxin was collected by venom extractor (invented and developed by the scientists at University of Allahabad, India) from Indian honey bee, Apis indica, reared at work station by the application of mild electric shock. It is a shiny liquid dries up quickly when come in contact of air and hydrophilic in nature. Chemical constituent of apitoxin includes peptides as melittin, apamin, phospholipase-A2, hyaluronidase, histamine, heptapeptides, adolopin and apamine were separated and characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectroscopy (MS). The anthelmintic and food supplement activity of different fractional doses of toxin was analyzed in vitro and applied in vivo in well designed control and experimental poultry bird models. The control group was kept on plain poultry feed, whereas the other four groups were supplied with various fractions of apitoxin to poultry feed. The average daily body weight was found to be increased for model supplemented with honey bee venom in comparison to control poultry model. The findings were substantiated and level of significance was calculated by biostastistical applications. Simultaneously on the other hand in vitro bio assay of bee venom against heterakid roundworms, recovered from same model were tested and applied in vivo in experimental poultry models. The constituents of bee venom (heptapeptides, 7Kda) play a significant key role in anthelmintic activity against heterakid nemic fauna of avian vertebrates. These finding gave an idea about better and managed poultry through supply of apitoxin in their daily diet that acts as food supplement as well as anthelmintic factor for newly born chicks and adults.<#LINE#>Urtubey N. (2005).@Apitoxin: from bee venom to apitoxin for medical use.@Termas de Rio Grande Santiago del Estero, Argentina.@Yes$Terc P. (1888).@Report about a peculiar connection between the bee stings and rheumatism.@Vienna Medial Press, 1-35.@Yes$Salkova D.S., Panayotova–Pencheva M.S. and Movsesyan S.O. (2015).@Some bee products as antiparasitic remedies.@1-85, http//dx.doi.org/619:616.995.@Yes$Kim H., Kwon Y., Ham T., Roh D., Yoon S., Kang S., Yang I., Han H., Lee H., Beitz A. and Lee J. (2004).@General pharmacological profiles of bee venom and its water soluble fractions in rodent models.@J. Vet. Sci., 5(4), 309-318.@Yes$Dotimas E.M. and Hider R.C. (1987).@Honey bee venom.@Bee World, 68, 51-71.@No$Asafova N., Orlov B. and Kozin R. (2001).@Physiologically active bee products.@Y. A. Nikolaev Nijnij Novgorod, 1-360.@Yes$Castro H.J., Mendez-In0cencio J.I., Omidvar B., Omidvar J., Santilli J., Nielsen H.S., Pavot A.P., Richert J.R. and Bellanti J.A. (2005).@A phase I study of the safety of honeybee venom extract as a possible treatment for patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis.@Allergy Asthma Proc., 26(6), 470-476.@Yes$Doo A.R., Kim S.N., Kim S.T., Moon W.J., Chae Y.B., Lee H.J. and Park H.J. (2009).@Neuroprotective effects of bee venom acupuncture against MPTP-induced neuronal cell death in Parkinson@J. Neurochem., 110,111-119.@Yes$Davidson T. (2005).@Cuscuta.@Gale encyclopedia of alternative medicine, The Gale Group.@Yes$Habermann E. and Zeuner G. (1971).@Comparative studies of native and synthetic melittins.@Naunyn-Schmiedeberg@Yes$Habermann E. (1972).@Bee and wasps venoms.@Science, 177(4046), 314-322.@Yes$Habermann E. and Horvath E. (1980).@Localization and effects of apamin after application to the central nervous system.@Toxicon, 18(5-6), 549-560.@Yes$Beck B.F. (1935).@Bee venom therapy : bee venom, its nature, and its effect on arthritic and rheumatoid conditions.@D. Appleton-century company New York and London.@Yes$Feraboli F. (1997).@Apitherapy in orthopaedic diseases.@Bee products, Properties, Applications, & Apitherapy, 221-225.@Yes$Khismatullina N. (2005).@Apitherapy.@Mo. Ltd. Perm, Russia.@Yes$Han S.M., Lee K., Yeo J., Kweon H., Woo S., Lee M., Baek H., Kim S. and Park K. (2007).@Effect of honey bee venom on microglial cells nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production stimulated by LPS.@J. Ethnopharmacol., 111(1), 176-181.@Yes$Upadhyay S.K., Jaiswal N., Malhotra A. and Malhotra S.K. (2009).@An aspidoderid round worm Pseudaspidodera cordinae n.sp. from rodents at Allahabad.@Indian J. Helminthol., 27, 89-94.@Yes$Upadhyay S.K. (2012).@Transmission dynamics and environmental influence on food borne parasitic helminthes of the Gangetic plains and central west coast of India.@Doctorate Thesis, University of Allahabad, India, 1-405.@Yes$Malhotra A., Jaiswal N., Upadhyay S.K., Kumar S. and Malhotra S.K. (2009).@Parasite stress response in zoonoses of Cephalogonimus sp.@Indian J. Helminthol., 27, 73-80.@No$Chen Y. (1984).@Apiculture in China.@Agricultural Publishing House Beijing.@Yes$Clark C., Gordon R., Harris B. and Helvie C. (1999).@Encyclopedia of complementary health practice P.@Springer.@Yes$Adriano M.C. and Pimenta M.E.D.L. (2005).@Small peptides, big world: biotechnological potential in neglected bioactive peptides from arthropod venoms.@J. Peptide Sci., 11(11), 670-676.@Yes$Upadhyay S., Yadav D. and Tripathi A. (2015).@Anthelmintic potential of honey bee venom and its characterization by the mass spectroscopy.@Souvenir from 5th International Science Congress, Kathmandu, Nepal, 8-9 Dec., 15-16. ISBN 978-93-84648-44-2.@No$Upadhyay S.K. and Yadav D. (2015).@Development of cantharidin encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles as a novel anthelmintics.@Souvenir of 26th All India Congress of Zoology & International Symposium. Lucknow, India, 29-31 Oct., 86-87.@No$Upadhyay S.K., Yadav D. and Pandey A. (2015).@Characterization and conservation aspects of potential anthelmintic and antibacterial constituents in apitoxin.@Souvenir of National Symposium on the Role of Classical Zoology in Present Day Scenario, 19-20 Dec., Meerut, India, 98-99.@No
<#LINE#>Ergonomic Assessment of Office Chairs in Vadodara City, India<#LINE#>Neerja@Jaiswal,Vashima @Veerkumar <#LINE#>15-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2016-077.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Family and Community Resource Management, Faculty of Family and Community Sciences, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India@Department of Family and Community Resource Management, Faculty of Family and Community Sciences, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India<#LINE#>5/9/2016<#LINE#>22/9/2016<#LINE#>The research studies highlight that a seating as per ergonomic standards should be given to the worker by the employees. Every 15 seconds, a worker dies from a work-related accident or disease. Every 15 seconds, 153 workers have a work-related accident. Every day, 6,300 people die as a result of occupational accidents or work-related diseases – more than 2.3 million deaths per year. To assess the available office chairs as per the ergonomic standards in the market of Vadodara City, Gujarat.  A market survey on the different office chairs available in the market of Vadodara was conducted. The office chairs were of different style and different price range starting from Rs. 2,000 – Rs. 28,000. The market survey revealed that good chairs which provide more comfort were expensive and not bought very often by the users. Thus, provisions should be made to have some economical options for the users so that they don’t have to compromise on the comfort.<#LINE#>ILO (2016).@Safety and health at work.@International Labour Organization, Switzerland, http://www.ilo.org/ global/topics/safety-and-health-at-work/lang--en/index. html.@Yes$Bernard B., Sauter S., Fine L., Petersen J. and Hales T. (1994).@Job task and psychosocial risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among newspaper employees.@Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 20, 417-426.@Yes$Faucett J. and Rempel D. (1994).@VDT-related musculoskeletal symptoms: interactions between work posture and psychosocial work factors.@Am. J. Ind. Med., 26, 597-612.@Yes$Bongers P.M., De Winter C.R., Kompier M.A. and Hildebrandt V.H. (1993).@Psychosocial factors at work and musculoskeletal disease.@Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 19(5), 297-312.@Yes$Carayon P. and Smith M.J. (2000).@Work organization and ergonomics.@Appl. Ergon., 31(6), 649-662.@Yes$Marcus M. and Gerr F. (1996).@Upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms among female office workers: associations with video display terminal use and occupational psychosocial stressors.@Am. J. Ind. Med., 29, 161-170.@Yes$Nelson N.A. and Silverstein B.A. (1998).@Workplace changes associated with a reduction in musculoskeletal symptoms in office workers.@Hum. Factors, 40(2), 337-350.@Yes$Sauter S.L., Dainoff M.J. and Smith M.J. (1990).@Promoting Health and Productivity in the Computerized Office.@Taylor & Francis, London.@Yes$Demure B., Luippold R., Bigelow C., Ali D., Mundt K. and Liese B. (2000).@Video display terminal workstation improvement program: I. Baseline associations between musculoskeletal discomfort and ergonomic features of workstations.@J. Occup. Environ. Med., 42(8), 783-791.@Yes$Brewer S., Van Eerd D., Amick III B.C., Irvin E., Daum K., Gerr F., Moore J.S., Cullen K. and Rempel D. (2006).@Workplace interventions to prevent musculoskeletal and visual symptoms and disorders among computer users: a systematic review.@J. Occup. Rehab., 16(3).@Yes$Buckle P. (1997).@Musculoskeletal injuries and their prevention-assessment of interventions.@Seppala, P., Luopajarvi, T., Hygard, C.-H., Mattila, M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 13th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, 4, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, 141-143.@Yes$Karsh B.T., Moro F.B.P. and Smith M.J. (2001).@The efficacy of workplace ergonomic interventions to control musculoskeletal disorders: a critical examination of the peer-reviewed literature.@Theor. Issues Ergon. Sci., 2(1), 23-96.@Yes$Brisson C., Montreuil S. and Punnett L. (1999).@Effects of an ergonomic training program on workers with video display units.@Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 25(3), 255-263.@Yes$Aaras A., Horgen G., Bjorset H.H., Ro O. and Walsoe H. (2001).@Musculoskeletal, visual and psychosocial stress in VDU operators before and after multidisciplinary ergonomic interventions.@A 6 years prospective study—Part II. Appl. Ergon., 32(6), 559-572.@Yes$Hagberg M., Silverstein B.A., Wells R., Smith M.J., Hendrick H.W., Carayon P. and Perusse M. (1995).@Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs): A Reference Book for Prevention.@Taylor & Francis, London@No$Lewis R.J., Fogleman M., Deeb J., Crandall E. and Agopsowicz D. (2002).@Effectiveness of a VDT ergonomics training program.@Int. J. Ind. Ergon., 27(2), 119-131.@Yes$Rudakewych M., Valent-Weitz L. and Hedge A. (2001).@Effects of an ergonomic intervention on musculoskeletal discomfort among office workers.@Proceedings of the 45th Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1, Santa Monica, CA, 791-795.@Yes$Bohr P.C. (2000).@Efficacy of office ergonomics education.@J. Occup. Rehab., 10(4), 243-255.@Yes$Ketola R., Toivonen R., Hakkanen M., Luukkonen R., Takala E. and Viikari-Juntura E. (2002).@Effects of ergonomic intervention in work with video display units.@Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 28(1), 18-24.@Yes$Verbeek J. (1991).@The use of adjustable furniture: evaluation of an instruction program for office workers.@Appl. Ergon., 22(3), 179-184.@Yes
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Eco-friendly Chemical-free Dyeing of Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabrics<#LINE#>Bipin J.@Agrawal <#LINE#>20-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJRS-2016-082.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Textile Chemistry, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390 001 (Gujarat), India<#LINE#>13/9/2016<#LINE#>28/9/2016<#LINE#>Dyeing of textile fibres encompasses utilization of various chemicals and auxiliaries for various purposes, such as exhaustion of the dyestuff from the dyeing liquor to the textile substrate, fixation of the dyestuff on the substrate, giving identical and level dyeing results, etc. The utilization of these chemicals in the dyebath adds up to the effluent load after the dyeing is complete, which may cause harm to the environment if they are discharged along with the waste water. Moreover, expensive treatment techniques are utilized for the removal of dyes as well as chemicals from the effluent liquor. The present paper deals with a chemical-free dyeing of polyester/cotton blend; to achieve this, physio-chemical alteration of the blended substrate has been performed with a substantially potential synthetic polymeric compound and a suitable cross-linking agent. The conventional colouration of blends of polyester with cotton and other cellulosic substrates with a dyeing system comprising of disperse and reactive dyestuffs implicate the utilization of acidic and alkaline media respectively for the fixation of these dyestuffs on the respective substrates. The application procedure usually employed is either dyeing in two separate dyeing liquors or in a single dyebath in two different steps. The polyacrylic acid polymer was pretreated onto the blend comprising of polyester and cotton components in presence of a cross-linker and subsequently padded with a liquor containing an admixture of disperse and reactive dyestuffs, followed by drying and curing. The dyeing liquor was maintained at a neutral pH without utilization of any auxiliary or chemical in the padding solution. For evaluation of the dyeing performance, the blend samples, dyed by the modified chemical-free dyeing and the conventional methods, were compared with each other for their colour strength and fastness (wash, light and rub) characteristics. Furthermore, the study of the effluent liquors specifies the permissible limits of various effluent parameters, viz. pH, BOD, COD, etc.; the results obtained emphasizes strongly on no additional effluent treatment for the modified polymer assisted neutral dyeing system, thereby substantially reducing the effluent treatment cost, which is generally must for conventional dyeing of such blended substrates. However, an appropriate dye/colour removal practice may be employed for elimination of residual colour of the dyestuffs left in the effluent liquors. Hence, such chemical-free dyeing of blended textiles may be considered as “Green technological approach” for a textile dyer.<#LINE#>Chidambaram D., Vankatraj R. and Manisankar P. (2003).@Solvent induced modifications in polyester yarns II: Structural and thermal behavior.@Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 89, 1555-1566.@Yes$Derbyshire A.N. (1974).@The development of dyes and methods of dyeing polyester.@Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 90, 273-280.@Yes$Muralidharan B. and Laya S. (2011).@A new approach to dyeing 80:20 polyester/cotton blended fabric using disperse and reactive dyes.@ISRN Material Science, 2011, 10, 5402/2011/907493.@Yes$Muralidharan B., Laya S. and Vigneswari S. (2011).@An investigation on the effect of azetropic solvent mixture pretreatment of 67:33 PET/CO blended fabric and yarn: Part II.@Asian Journal of Textiles, 1, 114-129.@Yes$Sivakkumar V. (2007).@Part-I: Economical dyeing of P/C blends with multifunctional property.@Journal of Textile Association, 67, 287-292.@Yes$Sivakkumar V. (2007).@Part-II: Economical dyeing of P/C blends with multifunctional property.@Journal of Textile Association, 68, 47-53.@Yes$Evans G.E., Shore J. and Stead C.V. (1984).@Dyeing Behaviour of Cotton after Pretreatment with Reactive Quaternary Compounds.@Journal of Society of Dyers & Colourist, 100, 304-315.@Yes$Trotman E.R. (1975).@Dyeing and Chemical Technology of Textile Fibres.@5th Edition (Charles Griffin and Company Ltd.: London and High Wycombe, 540.@Yes$Billmeyer F.W. and Saltzman M. (1981).@Principles of Colour Technology.@2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 140. ISBN: 978-0-471-19459-0@Yes$Booth J.E. (1969).@Principles of Textile Testing.@Butterworth Scientific Publishers: London. ISBN: 978-0-408-01487-8@Yes$Young J.C., McDermott G.N. and Jenkins D. (1981).@Alterations in the BOD procedure for the 15th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.@Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation.@Yes$PCB Norms (2005).@A booklet on the Gujarat Pollution Control Board Standards; Compilation of the standards to be maintained for the disposal of sewage and trade effluents to prevent water pollution, and emission  standards and description of pollutants for prevention of air pollution from industrial plants.@Gujrat Pollution Control Board.@No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Effects of Cooking on Nutritional value of Abelmoschus esculentus L. and Cucumis sativus L.<#LINE#>M.A.@Rashid,Mst. Khodeza@Khatun,Muhammad@Saifullah,M.A.@Sattar <#LINE#>26-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJRS-2015-113.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh@Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh@Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh@Department of Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh<#LINE#>12/8/2015<#LINE#>30/8/2016<#LINE#>We examine the effects of different cooking methods (conventional cooking, and microwave cooking) on proximate chemical composition, mineral contents, and fatty acids profiles of fresh Lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in Bangladesh. The moisture and ash content in raw Lady’s finger were 92.80% and 0.65%, respectively, for Cucumber they were 93.30% and 0.50%, respectively. After conventional cooking moisture and ash content were 93.37% and 0.29%, respectively, for Lady’s finger whereas 94.50% and 0.50%, respectively, for Cucumber. On the other hand, microwave cooking food showed the values were 93.32% and 0.47%, respectively, for Lady’s finger, whereas 93.60%  and 0.50%, respectively, for Cucumber. Total crude protein, fat and carbohydrate were significantly modified by both cooking methods. In both cases, microwave cooking decreased the vitamin-C content to some extent but the conventional cooking completely destroyed the vitamin-C contents.<#LINE#>Masrizal M.A., Giraud D.W. and Driskell J.A. (1997).@Retention of vitamin C, iron, and beta-carotene in vegetables prepared using different cooking methods.@J. Food Qual., 20(5), 403-418.@Yes$Cieslik E., Leszczynska T., Filipiak-Florkiewicz A., Sikora E. and Pisulewski P.M. (2007).@Effects of some technological processes on glucosinolate contents in cruciferous vegetables.@Food Chem., 105(3), 976-981.@Yes$Lin C.H. and Chang C.Y. (2005).@Textural change and antioxidant properties of broccoli under different cooking treatments.@Food Chem., 90(1-2), 9-15.@Yes$Sikora E., Cieslik E., Leszczynska T., Filipiak-Florkiewicz A. and Pisulewski P.M. (2008).@The antioxidant activity of selected cruciferous vegetables subjected to aquathermal processing.@Food Chem., 107(1), 55-59.@Yes$Vallejo F., Tomas-Barberan F.A. and Garcia-Viguera C. (2002).@Glucosinolates and vitamin C content in edible parts of broccoli florets after domestic cooking.@Eur. Food Res. Technol., 215(4), 310-316.@Yes$Freeze R.A. and Cherry J.A. (1979).@Groundwater.@Engle wood Cliffs, Newjersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 604.@Yes$Martin Franklin W. (1982).@Okra, Potential Multiple-Purpose Crop for the Temperate Zones and Tropics.@Economic Botany., 36(3), 340-345, doi:10.1007/ BF02858558.@Yes$The Old Farmer@Cucumbers: Planting, growing, and harvesting cucumbers@Yankee Publishing, Inc., Dublin, NH.@No$Rashid M.A., Hussain M.I., Rahman A., Khatun M.K.  and Sattar M.A. (2016).@The Effect of Microwave Cooking on Nutrient Value of Fresh Vegetables.@International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 5(4), 274, doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.16.@No$AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). (1984).@Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International.@18thed. Gaithersburg (MD) A.O.A.C. International.@No$Rashid M.A., Hussain M.I., Rahman A., Khatun M.K. and Sattar M.A. (2016).@The Effect of Microwave Cooking on Nutrient Value of Fresh Vegetables.@International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 5(4), 275, doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160504.16.@No$AOAC, Official Method. (1990).@Vitamin C (Reduced Ascorbic Acid) in Ready-to-feed Milk-based Infant Formula 2,6-Dichloroindophenol Titrimetric Method.@Official Methods of Analysis, AOAC International, Washington DC, 1108-1109.@No$Deshio Khadda Drobber Poshtiman (Bangla) (1980).@Institute of Nutrition and Food Science.@Dhaka University, Dhaka, 8-22.@No$Lee S.K. and Kader A.A. (2000).@Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops.@Postharvest Biol. Technol., 20(3), 207-220.@Yes$Serrano M., Martinez-Romero D., Guillen F., Castillo S. and Valero D. (2006).@Maintenance of broccoli quality and functional properties during cold storage as affected by modified atmosphere packaging.@Postharvest Biol. Technol., 39(1), 61-68.@Yes
<#LINE#>An assessment with respect to Deceiving the users for its Good<#LINE#>Saba@Bashir,Sahaar@Bashir <#LINE#>32-35<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJRS-2016-068.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Computing, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, 22-E Block-6 P.E.C.H.S., Karachi, 75400 Sindh, Pakistan@School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, stadium road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan<#LINE#>22/8/2016<#LINE#>12/9/2016<#LINE#>This paper discusses the deception revolving around human computer interaction. Malevolent deception refers to the trickery that causes harmful effects while benevolent deception denotes to the falsehood device that is used to benefit its users. Little they are aware of the term itself, especially people in Pakistan. This research highlights about the views of people regarding existence of benevolent deception. The study analyzes a purpose of benevolent deception and the reasoning discussing its need. The results conclude that most of the participants neither trust system/internet nor they are aware about the term benevolent deception. The survey also proves that the users do not prefer being deceived even if it for their own good. Most of the participants thinks that it is misleading and should be eliminated.<#LINE#>Greene K. (2014).@How Should We Program Computers to Deceive.?@Pacific Standard, https://psmag.com/how-should-we-program-computers-to-deceive-eedbf653805a .d442ftmu4, Retrieved August 27, 2016.@No$Pavlus J. (2015).@\"No UI\" Design@http://www.fastcodesign.com/3048770/no-ui-designs-next-move-fake-ui Retrieved August 27, 2016.@No$Cryer J. (2012).@Asynchronous UI: When to lie.@Word press, https://jamescryer.wordpress.com/2012/03/18/ asynchronous-ui/ Retrieved August 27, 2016.@No
<#LINE#>Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Antibiotics from Marine-derived Fungi<#LINE#>Siefeldeen Mohamed Hamed@Mohamed Ahmed <#LINE#>36-38<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJRS-2016-074.pdf<#LINE#>KMCH College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore-641046, Tamil Nadu, India <#LINE#>30/4/2016<#LINE#>18/9/2016<#LINE#>Many microorganisms have been isolated and used as antibiotics against infections caused by other microorganisms because of their antimicrobial activities. Fungi are one of these microorganisms which have been isolated and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. The objective of this study was to isolate fungi from marine sediments collected from the coastal regions of Ponnani and Chavakad of Kerala, India, and to evaluate their effects as antibiotics. Ten soil samples have been collected from different spots in the same area, serially diluted, maintained on starch casein agar slants by frequent sub-culturing and then spread on potato dextrose agar and nutrient agar media using streak plate method. Five isolates designated as AM1, AM2, AM3, AM4, and AM5 were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. Out of the five isolates selected, only two strains AM2 and AM5 have shown good antibacterial activity against Staphelococcus aureus, Basilus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and E.coli. The isolate AM5 exhibited more antibacterial activity than the isolate AM-2, and hence selected for further studies.<#LINE#>Hawksworth D.L. (1991).@The fungal dimension of biodiversity: magnitude, significance, and conservation.@Mycological research, 95(6), 641-655.@Yes$Ho W.H., To P.C. and Hyde K.D. (2003).@Induction of antibiotic production of freshwater fungi using mix-culture fermentation.@Fungal Diversity., 2003, 12, 45-51.@Yes$Bizuye A., Moges F. and Andualem B. (2013).@Isolation and screening of antibiotic producing actinomycetes from soils in Gondar town, North West Ethiopia.@Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 3(5), 375-381.@Yes$Kuamr Ritesh, Shrivastav A.K., Singha A.K., Kumar P. and Nirmala A. (2012).@Antibiotic production from marine Strptomycyes sp.@Int J Pharm Bio Sci, 3(4), 331-342.@Yes$Das P., Mukherjee S. and Sen R. (2008).@Antimicrobial potential of a lipopeptide biosurfactant derived from a marine Bacillus circulans.@Journal of applied microbiology, 104(6), 1675-1684.@Yes$Prasad S. and Smith P. (2013).@Meeting the threat of Antibiotic Resistance: building a new frontline defence.@Office of the Chief Scientist.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Biosurfactants and their Screening Methods<#LINE#>Rajni@Dhiman,Khem Raj@Meena,Abhishek@Sharma,Shamsher S.@Kanwar <#LINE#>39-43<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJRS-2016-079.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005, India @Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005, India @Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005, India @Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005, India <#LINE#>15/9/2016<#LINE#>26/9/2016<#LINE#>Biosurfactant screening is a concept of primary methods which are easy and essential to detect surfactant properties of the molecules produced by variety of organisms, using carbon as a substrate. There are different direct/indirect screening methods including oil spreading, hemolysis activity, E24 index etc. which provides valuable information about surfactant properties of molecules. Biological molecules having screening properties are considered as biosurfactants. Biosurfactants are a large group of microbial synthesized surface active, amphiphilic molecule having many advantages over surfactants synthesized chemically. They are differentiated according to their molecular weight, structure and properties. Biosurfactants could be synthesised biologically on cell membrane or sometimes outside the cell membrane. There are number of properties of biosurfactants which makes it distinct and valuable from other molecules.<#LINE#>Ibrahim M. Banat, Andrea Franzetti, Isabella Gandolfi, Giuseppina Bestetti, Maria G. Martinotti, Letizia Fracchia, Thomas J. Smyth and Roger Marchant (2010).@Microbial biosurfactants production, applications and future potential.@Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., 87, 427-444.@Yes$Koglin A., Doetsch V. and Bernhard F. (2010).@Molecular engineering aspects for the production of new and modified biosurfactants.@Adv Exp Med Biol., 672, 158-169.@Yes$Xu Q., Nakajima M., Liu Z. and Shiina T. (2011).@Biosurfactants for microbubble preparation and application.@Int J Mol Sci. 12, 462-475.@Yes$Lima T.M., Procópio L.C., Brandão F.D., Carvalho A.M., Tótola M.R. and Borges A.C. (2011).@Biodegradability of bacterial surfactants.@Biodegradation, 22, 585-592.@Yes$Müller M.M., Kügler J.H., Henkel M., Gerlitzki M. and Hörmann B. et. al., (2012).@Rhamnolipids-next generation surfactants.@J Biotechnol, 162, 366-380.@Yes$Yin H., Qiang Y., Jia Y., Ye J., Peng H. et al. (2009).@Characteristics of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa S6 isolated from oil –containing wastewater.@Process Biochem., 44, 302-308.@Yes$Makkar R.S. and Rockne K.J. (2003).@Comparison of synthetic surfactants and biosurfactants in enhancing biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.@Environ Toxicol Chem., 22(10), 2280-2292.@Yes$Vijaya kumar S. and Saravanan V. (2015).@Biosurfactants-types, sources and applications.@Res. J. Microbiol. 10, 181-192.@Yes$Smyth T.J.P., Perfumo A., McClean S., Marchant R. and Banat I.M. (2010).@Isolation and Analysis of Lipopeptides and High Molecular Weight Biosurfactants.@School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK.@Yes$Otto R.T., Daniel H.J. and Pekin G. et. al. (1999).@Production of sophorolipids from whey. II. Product composition, surface active properties, cytotoxicity and stability against hydrolases by enzymatic treatment.@Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., 52, 495-501.@Yes$Kitamoto D., Yanagishita H. and Shinbo T. et al. (1993).@Surface active properties and antimicrobial activities of mannosylerythritol lipids as biosurfactants produced by Candida antarctica.@J Biotechnol., 29, 91-96.@Yes$Isoda H., Kitamoto D. and Shinmoto H. et. al. (1997).@Microbial extracellular glycolipid induction of differentiation and inhibition of protein kinase C activity of human promyelocytic leukaemia cell line HL60.@Biosci Biotechnol Biochem., 61, 609-614.@Yes$Gautam K.K and Tyagi V.K (2006).@Microbial Surfactants: A review.@J. Oleo Sci., 55, 155-166.@Yes$Lang S. (2002).@Biological amphiphiles (microbial biosurfactants).@Curr. Opin. Coll. Interface Sci., 7, 12-20.@Yes$Hatha A.A.M., Edward G. and Rahman K.S.M.P (2007).@Microbial biosurfactants-review.@J. Mar. Atmos. Res. 3, 1-17.@Yes$Chakrabarti S. (2012).@Bacterial Biosurfactant: Characterization, Antimicrobial and Metal Remediation Properties.@Ph.D. Thesis, National Institute of Technology, Surat, India.@Yes$Kakinuma A., Hori M., Isono M., Tamura G. and Arima K. (1969).@Determination of amino acid sequence in surfactin, a crystalline peptidolipid surfactant produce by Bacillus subtilis.@Agric Biol Chem., 33, 971-997.@Yes$Lang S. (2002).@Biological amphiphiles (microbial biosurfactants).@Curr Opin In Colloid Interface Sci. 7, 12-20.@Yes$Ahimou F., Jacques P. and Deleu M. (2001).@Surfactin and iturin A effects on Bacillus subtilis surface hydrophobicity.@Enzyme Microb Technol.,  27, 749-754.@Yes$Morikawa M., Daido H. and Takao T. et al. (1993).@A new lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Arthrobacter sp. strain MIS38.@J Bacteriol., 175, 6459-6466.@Yes$Vollenbroich D., Pauli G. and Ozel M. et. al. (1997).@Antimycoplasma properties and applications in cell culture of surfactin, a lipopeptide antibiotic from Bacillus subtilis.@Appl Environ Microbiol.,  63, 44-49.@Yes$Vollenbroich D., Ozel M. and Vater J. et al. (1997).@Mechanism of inactivation of enveloped viruses by the biosurfactant surfactin from Bacillus subtilis.@Biologicals, 25, 289-297.@Yes$Kikuchi T. and Hasumi K. (2002).@Enhancement of plasminogen activation by surfactin C: augmentation of fibrinolysis in vitro and in vivo.@Biochem Biopsy’s Acta, 1596, 234-245.@Yes$Symmank H., Franke P. and Saenger W. et al. (2002).@Modification of biologically active peptides: production of a novel lipohexapeptide after engineering of Bacillus subtilis surfactin synthetase.@Protein Eng., 15, 913-921.@Yes$Tanaka Y., Takashi T. and Kazuhik U. et al. (1997).@Method of producing iturin A and antifungal agent for profound mycosis.@Biotechnol Adv., 15, 234–235.@Yes$Adros T. (2005).@Adsorption of surfactants at the air/liquid and liquid/liquid interfaces.@Applied Surfactants: Principles and Applications, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 81 82.@Yes$Cooper D. and Goldenberg B. (1997).@Surface active agents from two Bacillus species.@Appl Environ Microbiol., 53(2), 224 229.@Yes$Morikawa M., Hirata Y. and Imanaka T.A. (2000).@A Study on the structure function relationship of lipopeptide bio surfactants.@Biochem Biopsy’s Acta., 1488(3), 211 218.@Yes$Cha M., Lee N., Kim M., Kim M. and Lee S. (2008).@Heterologous production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa EMS1 biosurfactant in Pseudomonas putida.@Bioresour Technol., 99, 2192-2199, PMID: 17611103.@Yes$Batista S., Mounteer A. and Amorim F. et al. (2006).@Isolation and characterization of biosurfactant/bioemulsifier  producing bacteria from petroleum contaminated sites.@Bioresour Technol., 97(6), 868 875.@Yes$Volchenko N.N., Karasev S.G, Nimchenko D.V. and Karaseva E.V (2007).@Cell hydrophobicity as a criterion of selection of bacterial producers of biosurfactants.@Microbiology, 76, 112-114, DOI: 10.1134/ S0026261707010158.@Yes$Plaza G., Zjawiony I. and Banat I. (2006).@Use of different methods for detection of thermophilic biosurfactants producing bacteria from hydrocarbon contaminated and bio remediated soils.@J Petro Science Eng., 50(1), 71 77.@Yes$Ghayyomi Jazeh M., Forghani F. and Deog-Hwan O. (2012).@Biosurfactan Production by Bacillus sp. Isolated from Petroleum Contaminated Soils of Sirri Island.@American Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(1), 1-6.@Yes
<#LINE#>Perceived Social Networking in Ageing Adults<#LINE#>Shubha@Dube,Kirti@Sharma,Pragya@Sharma <#LINE#>44-47<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJRS-2016-080.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Home Science, Human Development, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India@Department of Home Science, Human Development, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India@Department of Home Science, Human Development, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India<#LINE#>11/9/2016<#LINE#>25/9/2016<#LINE#>The present scenario as deference to ageing people clearly shows that their numbers have enlarged over the furthest few decades worldwide and influence to be so in the forthcoming years. Urbanization, modernization and globalization have led to change, in the financial formation, disintegrating of social values, exhausting of social values and social organizations such as the joint family. In this changing financial and social environment, the ageing generation is caught between the abatement in conventional values on one hand and the absence of sufficient social security system on the other. Social connections are a substantial issue for elderly as ordinary life occurrence may threaten the support connections of this age group. The prevalence of each type of support varies according to socioeconomic status, gender, age and ethnicity. Family, friends and neighbours are valuable sources of abutment to ageing people. These social connections help to buffer stress and depression and improve individual’s health and self-esteem. Social support is closely related to social network, family ties, friends and neighbours. Four main types of social network have been emotional, tangible, informational and companionship. Social connections and social support play important role in the quality of life of ageing adults in all societies and particularly where precise support and social assurance programs are not available.<#LINE#>Bharati Kanchan (2013).@Ageing in India: Need for a Comprehensive Policy.@IIM Bangalore research paper no. 421, Centre for   Culture and Development, Vadodara.@Yes$Singh S.D. (2015).@Loneliness, depression and sociability in old age.@The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2(2).@Yes$NIH (2016).@National Cancer Institute.@www.cancer.gov/ dictionary.com.@Yes$Pierce G.R., Sarason B.R. and Sarason I.G. (1990).@Integrating social support perspectives. Working models, personal relationships and situational factors.@Duck S, editor, Personal relationships and social support. London: Sage Publications, 73-215.@Yes$DuBois D.L., Holloway B.E., Valentine J.C. and Cooper H. (2002).@Effectiveness of mentoring programs for yout. A meta-analytic review.@American Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 157-197.@Yes$Melchiorre M.G., Chiatti C., Lamura G., Torres-Gonzales F. and Stankunas M. et al. (2013).@Social Support, Socio-Economic Status, Health and Abuse among Older People in Seven European Countries.@PLoS ONE, 8(1), e54856, Doi: 10.1371/journ.@Yes$Barrera M. (1986).@Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models.@American Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 413-445.@Yes$Vaux A. (1985).@Variations in social support associated with gender, ethnicity, and age.@Journal of Social Issues, 41, 89-110.@Yes$Burleson B.R., Albrecht T.L., Goldsmith D.J. and Sarason I.G. (1994).@The communication of social support : Messages, interactions, relationships, and community..@Communication of Social Support: Messages, Interactions, Relationships, and Community, xi-xxx. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.@Yes$Antonucci T.C. (1986).@Measuring social support networks.@Hierarchical mapping technique. Generations, 3, 10-12.@No$Wills T.A. (1991).@Social support and interpersonal relationships Margaret, Clark.@Prosocial Behavior, Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 12, 265-289.@Yes$Wills T.A. (1985).@Supportive functions of interpersonal relationships.@S. Cohen & L. Syme., Social support and health., Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 61-82.@Yes$Uchino B. (2004).@Social Support and Physical Health, Understanding the Health Consequences of Relationships.@New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 16-17.@Yes$ilvana C Caetano, Cosme MFP Silva and Mario V Vettore. (2013).@Gender differences in the association of perceived social support and social network with self-rated health status among older adults: a population-based study in Brazil.@BMC Geriatrics, 13,122.@Yes$Mazo G.Z., Benedetti T.B. and Sacomori C. (2011).@Association between participation in community groups and being more physically active among older adults from Florianópolis, Brazil.@66, 1861-1866.@Yes$Uchino B. (2009).@Understanding the links between social support and physical health. A life-span perspective with emphasis on the separability of perceived and received support.@Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 236-255.@Yes$Holt-Lunstad J., Smith T.B. and Layton J.B. (2010).@Social relationships and mortality ris: A meta-analytic review.@PLoS Med 7, (7).@Yes$Cohen S., Doyle W.J., Skoner D.P., Rabin B.S. and Gwaltney J.M. (1997).@Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold.@Journal of the American Medical Association 277, 1940-1944.@Yes$VanderPlate C., Aral S.O. and Magder L. (1988).@The relationship among genital herpes simplex virus, stress, and social support.@Health Psychology, 7, 159-168.@Yes$Seeman T.E., Lusignolo T.M., Albert M. and Berkman L. (2001).@Social relationships, social support, and patterns of cognitive aging in healthy, high-functioning older adults: MacArthur studies of successful aging.@Health Psychology, 20, 243-255.@Yes$Marteau T.M., Bloc S. and Baum J.D. (1987).@Family life and diabetic control.@Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 28, 823-833.@Yes$Mortimore E., Haselow D., Dolan M., Hawkes W.G., Langenberg P., Zimmerman S. and Magaziner J. (2008).@Amount of social contact and hip fracture mortality.@Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56, 1069–1074.@Yes$Institute of Medicine (2004).@Meeting psychosocial needs of women with breast cancer.@Washington, D.C., National Academies Press.@Yes$Kwan M.L., Ergas I.J. and Somkin C.P.l. (2010).@Quality of life among women recently diagnosed with invasive breast cancer: the Pathways Study.@Breast Cancer Res Treat., 123(2), 507-524.@Yes$Rodriguez- Laso A., Zunzunegui V.M. and Otero A. (2007).@The effects of social relationships on survival in elderly residents of a southern European community: A cohort study.@BMC Geriatrics, 7, 19-26.@Yes$Hay J.C., Steffens D.C., Flint E.P., Bosworth H.B. and George L.K. (2001).@Does social support buffer functional decline in the elderly patients with uni-polar depression.@American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1850-1855.@Yes$Albrecht T.L. and Goldsmith D. (2003).@Social support, social networks, and health.@T. L. Thompson, A. M. Dorsey, K. I. Miller, & R. Parrott (Eds.), Handbook of health com munication, 263-284, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.@Yes$Cobb S. (1976).@Social support as a moderator of life stress.@Psychosomatic Medicine, 38, 300-314.@Yes$Lyyra T.M. and Heikkinen R.L. (2006).@Perceived social support and mortality in older people.@The Journals of Gerontology Series B:, 61(3), S147-S152.@Yes$Motl R.W., McAuley E., Snook E.M. and Gliottoni R.C. (2009).@Physical activity and quality of life in multiple sclerosis: Intermediary roles of disability, fatigue, mood, pain, self-efficacy and social support.@Psychology, Health & Medicine, 14, 111-124.@Yes$Schaefer C., Coyne J.C. and Lazarus R.S. (1981).@The health-related functions of social support.@Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4, 381-406.@Yes$Classen C., Butler L.D. and Koopman C. et. al. (2001).@Supportive-expressive group therapy and distress in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a randomized clinical intervention trial.@Arch Gen Psychiatry., 58, 494-501.@Yes$Bjorneklett H.G., Lindemalm C. and Rosenblad A. et. al. (2012).@A randomised controlled trial of support group intervention after breast cancer treatment: results on anxiety and depression.@Acta Oncol., 51(2), 198-207.@Yes$Patricia M. Barnes M.A., Powell-Griner E., McFann K. and Richard L. Nahin (2004).@Complementary and alternative medicine. use among adults: United States, 2002@Seminars in Integrative Medicine, 2(2), 54-71.@Yes
<#LINE#>Global Scenario of Antiviral Drugs for Japanese Encephalitis<#LINE#>Deepa@Srivastava <#LINE#>48-52<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJRS-2016-083.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, U.P., India<#LINE#>16/9/2016<#LINE#>28/9/2016<#LINE#>Japanese encephalitis a mosquito transmitted viral disease is a global confront for public health.  The disease is a pediatric problem, the seriousness of the disease can be predicted as it mostly affects the children and the survivor are left with serious long term neuropsychiatric problems. Hence the disease is affecting our future generation. The only available option to control JE is vaccination but being a disease of low socioeconomic strata, affordable vaccines are still a demand. Therefore to overcome the present situation there is an imperative need for development of safe and affordable antiviral drugs for Japanese encephalitis.  There are many promising antiviral agents against JE which need further evaluation.  This review highlights the potential antiviral drugs which can be utilized for Japanese encephalitis.<#LINE#>Srivastava D. and Shukla K. (2015).@Japanese encephalitis in Gorakhpur: A Review.@Eup. J. Biomed. Pharma.Sci., 2(7), 118-124.@No$Srivastava D., Pratap B. and Shukla K. (2016).@Impact of weather variables on mosquitoes infected with Japanese encephalitis virus in Gorakhpur district, Uttar-Pradesh.@Proceedings from National conference on science for rural India, Deoria, U.P., India, 30-31st Jan., 178-181, ISBN: 978-81-929510-5-8.@No$Saxena S.K., Agrawal P.T. and Nair M.P.N. (2014).@Current Scerario of Antiviral Drugs for Japanese encephalitis.@J. Med. Microb. Diagn., 3(1), 1-3.@Yes$Zhang Y., Wang Z., Chen H. and Chen Z. (2014).@Antioxidants: potential antiviral agents for Japanese encephalitis virus infection.@Int. J. Infect. Dis., 24, 30-36.@Yes$Lin C.W., Wu C.F., Hsiao N.W., Chang C.Y. and Li S.W. (2008).@Aloe-emodin is an interferon-inducing agent with antiviral activity against Japanese encephalitis virus and enterovirus 71.@Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 32(4), 355-359.@Yes$Kajimura K., Takagi Y., Ueba N., Yamasaki K. and Sakagami Y. (1996).@Protective effect of Astragali Radix by intraperitonial injection against Japanese encephalitis virus infection in mice.@Biol. Pharm. Bull., 19(6), 855-859.@Yes$Swarup V., Ghosh J., Mishra M.K. and Basu A. (2008).@Novel strategy for treatment of Japanese encephalitis using arctigenin, a plant lignan.@J. Antimicrob Chemother., 61(3), 679-688.@Yes$Tomassoli I. and Gundisch D. (2016).@Bispidine as a privileged Scaffold.@Curr. Topics in med. Chem., 16(11), 1314-1342.@Yes$Dutta K., Ghosh D. and Basu A. (2009).@Curcumin protects neuronal cells from Japanese encephalitis virus-mediated cell death and also inhibits infective viral particle formation by dysregulation of ubiquitin–proteasome system.@J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 4(3), 328-337.@Yes$Chang C.C., Ou Y.C., Raung S.L. and Chen C.J. (2005).@Antiviral effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on Japanese encephalitis virus infection.@J. Gen. Virol., 86(9), 2513-2523.@Yes$Saxena S.K., Mathur A. and Srivastava R.C. (2003).@Inhibition of Japanese encephalitis virus infection by diethyldithiocarbamate is independent of its antioxidant potential.@Antivir. Chem. Chemother., 14(2), 91-98.@Yes$Sehgal N., Kumawat K.L., Basu A. and Ravindranath V. (2012).@Fenofibrate reduces mortality and precludes neurological deficits in survivors in murine model of Japanese encephalitis viral infection.@PLoS One., (2012), 7, e35427, http://dx.doi.10.1371/ journal.pone.0035427.@Yes$Johari J., Kianmehr A., Mustafa M.R., Abubakar S. and Zandi K. (2012).@Antiviral activity of Baicalein and Quercetin against the Japanese Encephalitis virus.@Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2012(13), 16785-16795.@Yes$Takegami T., Simamura E., Hiraik I. and Koyama J. (1998).@Inhibitory effect of furanonaphthoquinone derivatives on the replication of Japanese encephalitis virus.@Antivir. Res., 37(1), 37-45.@Yes$Ishag H.Z.A., Li C., Wang F. and Mao X. (2016).@GRFT binds to glycosylated proteins (E and prM) of Japanese encephalitis virus and inhibits its infection.@Vir. Res., 215(2016), 50-54.@No$Chang S.J., Chang Y.C., Lu K.Z., Tsou Y.Y. and Lin C.W. (2012).@Antiviral Activity of Isatis indigotica Extract and Its Derived Indirubin against Japanese Encephalitis Virus Evidence.@Evid. Based complement. Alternat. Med., 2012(925830), 1-7, http://dx.doi: 10.1155/2012/925830.@Yes$Zhang T., Wu Z., Du J., Hu Y., Liu L., Yang F. and Jin Q. (2012).@Anti- Japanese-Encephalitis-Viral Effects of Kaempferol and Daidzin and Their RNA-Binding Characteristics.@Plos.One.,7(1), 30259. http://dx.doi:10. 1371/2012/0030259.@Yes$Chien Y.J., Chen W.J., Hsu W.L. and Chiou S.S. (2008).@Bovine lactoferrin inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus by binding to heparin sulfate and receptor for low density lipoprotein.@Virol., 379(1), 13-51.@Yes$Singh A., Mehta A., Kushwah K.P., Pandey A.K., Mittal M., Sharma B. and Pandey J. (2016).@Minocycline trial in Japanese encephalitis: a double blind, randomized placebo study.@Int. J. of Pediatr. Res., 3(5), 371-377.@Yes$Saxena S.K., Singh A. and Mathur A. (2000).@Antiviral effect of nitric oxide during Japanese encephalitis virus infection.@Int.J.Exp.Pathol., 81(2), 165-172.@Yes$Sebastian L., Madhusudana S.N., Ravi V. and Desai A. (2011).@Mycophenolic acid inhibits replication of Japanese encephalitis virus.@Chemother., 57(1), 56-61.@Yes$Shi Z., Wei J., Deng X., Li S., Qui Y., Shao D., Li B., Zhang K., Xue F., Wang X. and Ma Z. (2014).@Nitazoxanide inhibits the replication of Japanese encephalitis virus in cultured cells and in a mouse model.@Vir. J., 11(10), http://dx.doi.org. 10. 1186/1743-422X-11-10.@Yes$Sebastina L., Desai A., Madhusudana Narayan S. and Vasantapuram R. (2009).@Pentaxifylline inhibits replication of Japanese encephalitis virus: a comparative study with ribavirin.@Int. J. Antimicro. Agen., 33(2), 168-173.@Yes$Ishag H.Z., Li. C., Huang L., Sun M.X., Ni B., Guo C.X. and Mao X. (2013).@Inhibition of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in vitro and in vivo by pokeweed antivial protein.@Virus Res., 171(1), 89-96.@Yes$Chang S.J., Huang S.H., Lin Y.J., Tsou Y.Y. and Lin C.W. (2014).@Antiviral activity of Rheum palmatum methanol extract and chrysophanol against Japanese encephalitis virus.@Arch. Pharm. Res., 37(9), 1117-23.@Yes$Swarup V., Ghosh J., Ghosh S., Saxena A. and Basu A. (2007).@Antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of rosamic acid in an experimental murine model of Japanese encephalitis.@Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 51(9), 3367-3370.@Yes$Shen T., Liu K., Miao D., Cao R. and Chen P. (2014).@Effective inhibition of Japanese encephalitis virus replication by shRNAs targeting various viral genes in vitro and in vivo.@Virol., 454, 48-49.@Yes$Huang H.N., Rajanbabu V., Pan C.Y., Chan Y.L. and Hui C.F. (2011).@Modulation of the immune related gene responses to protect mice against Japanese encephalitis using antimicrobial peptide, tilapia hepcidin 1-5.@Biomat., 32, 6804-6814.@Yes$Roy S., Chaurvedi P. and Chowdhary A. (2015).@Evaluation of antiviral activity of essential oil of Trachyspermum Ammi against Japanese encephalitis virus.@Phcog. Res., 7(3), 263-267.@Yes$Liang J.L., Wei J.C., Lee Y.L., Hsu S.H., Lin J.J. and Lin Y.L. (2014).@Surfactant-modified Nanoclay exhibits an antiviral activity with high potency and broad spectrum.@J.Virol., 88(8), 4218-4228@Yes