Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______ ______________________________ _____ _ ____ ___ ISSN 2277 - 2502 Vol. 4 ( I YS C - 201 5 ), 1 4 - 17 (201 5 ) Res. J. Recent . Sci. International Science Congress Association 14 Diversity of Fresh water Algae in river Narmada at Jalud (Mandleshwer) Indore, India Sohani S . Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, MP, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in , www.isca.m e Received 8 th July 201 5 , revised 1 st August 20 1 5 , accepted 31 st August 20 1 5 Abstract Phytoplanktons are elemental factor of aquatic community as they are major sources of biologically significant and organic carbon, situated at the base of the food c hain. The productivity and density of the phytoplanktons are majorly influenced by different physico - chemical characteristics of water. Algae are very useful for eutrophication estimation. Quality and distribution of algal flora in river have been carried out systematically to evolve algal indices of pollution. The present paper deals with the assessment of water quality and phytoplankton diversity of river Narmada at Jalud. Phytoplankton of the River Narmada consisted mostly of Chlorophyceae (green algae) Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms ) . In river Narmada the temporal series of phytoplankton groups is remarked as Chlorophyceae � Bacillariphycease � Cyanophyceae � Euglenophyceae . The species distribution, abundance and composition of phytoplankton community are g overned by various physico - chemical elements of the water body. The population of Plankton varies in different seasons and months. Keywords: F reshwater algae, eutrophication , phytoplankton , water quality . Introduction The term algae refer to small micr oscopically, unicellular organisms, some of which form colonies and thus reach sizes viewable to the nude eye as tiny green particles. Human activities (e.g., inadequate sewage treatment, runoff from roads, agricultural runoff) have led to enormous fertili zation of various water bodies. This has led to the excessive generation of algae and cyanobacteria in fresh water and thus has had a huge impact upon recreational water quality 1 . In warm climates, cyanobacterial dominance is most pronounced during the sum mer months, which coincides with the period when the demand for recreational water is highest. In India, the fresh water constitutes reservoirs, lakes, streams, and rivers. These fresh water bodies directly help in the improvement of human civility. Fresh water resources are being polluted day to day at the faster rate, so the water quality is now a global problem. There is an extensive literature, which stresses deterioration of water quality but recently 2 have worked on fresh water bodies. Material and M ethods Study Area: The Narmada River is also called Maikalsutha or Rewa in central India and fifth largest river in the Indian subcontinent 3 . The Narmada River, bounded between Vindhya and Satpuda ranges, extends over an area of 98,796 kmē. And lies betwee n east longitudes 72 degrees 32' to 81 degrees 45' and north latitudes 21 degrees 20' to 23 degrees 45' lying on the northern extremity of the Deccan Plateau. The basin covers large areas in the states of Madhya Pradesh (86%), Gujarat (14%) and a comparati vely smaller area (2%) in Maharashtra. There are 41 tributaries, out of which 22 are from the Satpuda range and the rest on the right bank are from the Vindhya Range 4 . Phytoplankton sample collection and methods: For the biological analysis both quantit ative and qualitative plankton samples including their identification. Each of the 1Ltr samples collected was centrifuged to concentrate the plankton organisms. Every one of these samples was made up to 100 ml after removing the surface water in the centri fuge tube. General phytoplanktons were studied for quantitative and qualitative details. The phytoplanktons were identified using the standard keys provided by Fritsch and Desikachary 5 - 6 . Result s and Discussion In the present work nearly forty eight gen era of phytoplankton were reported which contain twenty Chlorophyceace, nineteen Bacillariophyceace , eight Cynophyceace and one Euglenophyceae. The maximum density of chlorophyceae, 1725 No/l was observed in May at Jalud (I). Diatoms were representing by 1 9 genera and dominant the phytoplankton population throughout the study in fresh water. In present investigation the maximum density of Chlorophyceae 1725 No/l and Bacillariophyceae 1805 No/l were recorded in May. The maximum density of blue green cynophyc eae, 317 No/l was recorded in Jun and Euglenoids were represented in the water 38 No/l in month of April. Other Indian rivers possessed the same algal groups as reported by Biswas B.K 7 in river Damidar, Nanda S.N. 8 in river Bhat; Nanda S.N. 9 in river Maus am. A list of Phyto planktonic population of Narmada River. Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______ _ _ _______________________________ ______ ________ _ ________ ISSN 2277 - 2502 Vol. 4 ( I YS C - 201 5 ), 1 4 - 17 (201 5 ) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 15 Table - 1 Showing monthly variation of Chlorophyceae (No/lit) at Jalud during June 2012 - May 2013 Name of Genus Month Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Chlorella sp 132 24 - - 30 4 9 93 97 108 120 128 118 Gonium sp 36 - - - - - 13 - 19 42 48 45 Pandorina sp 20 - - - - 21 37 28 22 31 28 23 Endorina sp 34 - - - - 18 23 27 - 38 43 62 Ulthrix sp 59 41 38 18 65 79 82 85 80 78 69 64 Geminella sp 40 - - - - 16 18 - 13 28 43 48 Oedogon ium sp 147 27 22 26 40 87 121 108 119 124 136 158 Cladophoroa 37 - - - - - 21 24 18 26 27 43 Pediastrum sp 59 18 - 5 17 42 28 19 26 39 43 54 Ankistrodesmus sp 54 - - - - 28 31 22 33 43 37 61 Coleastrum sp 28 - - - - 19 28 41 24 33 36 42 Crucignia sp 38 22 - - - 38 44 40 52 47 45 51 Scenedesmus sp 153 49 - - - 83 89 121 132 141 167 187 Mougeotia sp 84 31 - - 21 18 38 53 47 59 53 108 Zygnema sp 128 52 36 10 38 43 45 59 38 45 67 129 Spirogyra sp 102 41 18 7 72 81 112 138 148 134 127 118 Closterium s p 73 - - - - 53 72 89 73 69 65 70 Cosmarium sp 190 37 22 10 62 84 168 178 163 153 207 243 Euastrum sp 30 - - - - 31 39 38 44 33 43 38 Staurastrum sp 43 - - - - 23 27 32 28 36 41 63 Total 1487 342 136 76 345 813 1129 1199 1187 1319 1453 1725 Figure - 1 Showing monthly variation in phytoplankton groups in Narmada at Jalud Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______ _ _ _______________________________ ______ ________ _ ________ ISSN 2277 - 2502 Vol. 4 ( I YS C - 201 5 ), 1 4 - 17 (201 5 ) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 16 Table - 2 Showing monthly variation of Bacillariophyceae (No/lit) at Jalud (I) during June 2012 - May 2013 Name of Genus Month Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Amphora sp 142 29 - - - - 24 27 82 120 124 135 Achnathes sp 25 - - - - - - - 28 31 28 35 Cymbella sp 71 18 - - 20 37 38 36 48 79 87 68 Coeconeis sp 16 - - - 18 24 - - 20 28 32 34 Diploneis sp 12 - - - - - 32 34 - 24 22 20 Epithemia sp 36 - - - - - 27 53 48 52 63 48 Fragilatia sp 84 19 12 24 25 21 30 57 62 123 131 120 Gomphonema sp 102 25 17 27 30 37 52 58 67 112 110 112 Novicula sp 375 49 39 18 48 100 326 375 390 398 442 410 Nitzschia sp 188 37 - - 43 58 189 217 228 235 210 218 Pinnularia sp 197 32 - - 38 78 158 167 208 215 218 221 Synedra sp 61 28 - - 48 43 54 55 52 78 63 80 Frustulya sp 21 - - - - 23 31 28 21 30 28 27 Tabellaria sp 63 35 27 20 27 49 62 58 63 68 49 67 Diatoma sp 18 - - - - 12 18 24 23 27 22 28 Melosira sp 28 -- - - - 18 26 28 29 34 2 2 31 Pleurosigma sp 12 - - - - 15 27 24 31 33 19 28 Asterionella sp 28 15 18 22 32 30 37 - 42 45 31 42 Surirella sp 68 12 - - 19 32 67 67 58 52 72 81 Total 1547 299 113 111 348 577 1198 1308 1500 1784 1773 1805 Table - 3 Showing monthly variation of Cy nophyceae (No/lit) at Jalud (I) during June 2012 - May 2013 Name of Genus Month Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Microcystis sp 48 - - - - - 39 42 56 47 54 42 Merismopedia sp 70 16 - - 17 21 47 52 62 61 58 60 Oscillatoria sp 73 21 18 - 20 24 22 32 39 52 68 65 62 Lyngbya sp 26 - - - 18 21 24 28 22 19 26 24 Spirulina sp 38 - - - 22 28 39 40 37 36 34 40 Nostoc sp 16 - - - - - - - - 18 22 27 Anabena sp 28 18 15 - 18 22 20 24 20 16 24 22 Aphanizomenon sp 18 - - - - - - - - 20 24 28 Total 317 55 33 20 99 114 201 225 249 285 307 305 Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______ _ _ _______________________________ ______ ________ _ ________ ISSN 2277 - 2502 Vol. 4 ( I YS C - 201 5 ), 1 4 - 17 (201 5 ) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 17 Table - 4 Showing monthly variation of Euglenophyceae (No/lit) at Jalud (I) during June 2012 - May 2013 Name of Genus Month Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Euglena sp 37 - - - 30 - 20 - - - 38 2 5 Total 37 0 0 0 30 0 20 0 0 0 38 25 Grand total of all algal groups 3388 696 282 207 822 1504 2548 2732 2936 3388 3571 3860 Conclusion Light and temperature influence the quality and quantity of phytoplankton. Considering plankton as a whole the pre sent observation showed peak period between April and June. It is probable that the gradual increase in temperature in water promoted optimum condition for growth and reproduction of algal population. Prescott G.W. 10 reported that for fresh water the optim um temperature is between 20 - 25 0 C. An increase in temperature may affect the net growth of phytoplankton positively or negatively depending upon the type of species. Low density of phytoplankton in monsoon in the surface water was due to high turbidity and fast current of water. Prescott G.W. 10 also reported that the adverse effect of turbidity on phytoplankton was blanketing effect of suspended material, which interferes with photosynthetic activity. References 1. Srivastava S., Kumar P. and Gupta A.K., Comp arative Study of Water Characteristics and Algal Biodiversity in River Gomti and Varuna. Plant Archives ., 10 (2), 725 - 728 ( 2010) 2. Venkatesh K. R., M. Rajemdran and A. Murugappan., A correlation study on physico - chemical characteristics of domestic sewage. Na t. Env. and Poll. Tech. , 8(1), 141 - 145 (2009) 3. Mukati P., Naqvi S.M.A., Aske D.K., Sainkhediya J. and Thakur A., Studies of Phytoplankton Ecology in Narmada River of West Nimar, MP, India. Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences ., 2(4), 13 - 16 (2014) 4. Tali I., Pir Z., Sharma S., Mudgal L.K and Siddique A., Physico Chemical properties of water of river Narmada at Madhya Pradesh, India. Researcher., 4(6), 5 - 9 (2012) 5. Fritsch, The structure and reproduction of the algae, Vol. I and Vol , II At the University press , Cambridge., (1959) 6. Desikachary, Origins of Algae and their Plastids., (1959) 7. Biswas B.K and S.K Konar, Influence of Nunia nulla (canal) discharge on plankton abundance and diversity in the Damodar at Narankuri (Raniganj) in West Benga l. Indian J. Environ. Ecoplan ., 3 (2), 209 - 217 (2000) 8. Nanda S.N. and D.S. Jain., Microbial study algae from Sonad dam of Dhule (Maharastra), India. Indian J. Environ. Ecoplan ., 6(3), 523 - 526 (2002) 9. Nanda S.N. and N.H. Aher., Limnological study of algae of t he river Mausam in Maharashtra. India. Indian J. Environ. Ecoplan ., 6(3), 605 - 608 (2002) 10. Prescott G.W., The Algae: A review B.S.M.P.S. Publication India, (1984)