@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Effect of Dietary Maltose on growth and feed Utilization of Nile Tilapia (O. Niloticus) Fingerlings<#LINE#>Ighwela@KeriAlhadi,Aziz@BinAhmad,A.B.@Abol-Munafi<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IVC 2015-02AVFS-010.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Marine Resources, Al Asmarya University, Zliten, LIBYA @ Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, MALAYSIA @ Faculty of Fisheries and Aqua-Industry, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, MALAYSIA <#LINE#>2/3/2015<#LINE#>13/3/2015<#LINE#>An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary maltose level on growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Five treatments, including control with three replicates with setup. Randomized distributed of fingerlings (mean weight, 2.1 ±0.2 g) were stocked in 30 fishes per tank, which attached with recycled water system comprising of mechanical filtration and aerated using air stones. The temperature was 27.5±0.25°C throughout the experimental period. Pellet of formulated-diets containing 0.0, 20, 25, 30 or 35% maltose was handed fed to apparent satiation twice daily at a rate of 5% of live body weight. The fishes were weighed once every 2 weeks during the experiment for 12 weeks.  No casualty of Nile tilapia was recorded throughout the experiment. Fishes fed with 35 % maltose exhibited significantly higher growth performance; body weight and weight gain compared with control. The best specific growth rate (SGR) was obtained of fishes fed with feed E (1.44±0.04), but no significant difference compared with control, while fishes fed with feed B exhibited the lowest SGR value (1.34±0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in fishes fed with 35% maltose (1.01±0.02) was greater than 20, 25 or 30% maltose (1.16 to 1.26). Although, fishes fed with 20% maltose exhibited the lowers FCR (1.26±0.03) compared to all groups, but it’s not different significantly compared to 35% maltose treated fish and control (1.07±0.01). This finding indicated that incorporation of maltose in fish diet had been efficiently utilized for Nile tilapia and contributed to their body-mass. <#LINE#> @ @ NRC (National Research Council), Nutrients requirements of fish. National Academy Press, Washington, DC (1993) @No $ @ @ Wilson R.P. Utilization of dietary carbohydrate by fish, Aqua. J. (124), 67–80 (1994) @No $ @ @ Habib M.A.B., M.R. Hasan and A.M. Akand. Dietary carbohydrate utilization by silver barb Puntiusgonionotus. In S.S. DeSilva ed. Asian Fish. Soc. Spec, Publ. Asian Fisheries Soc., Manila, Phillippines. 57-62 (1994) @No $ @ @ Hutchins CG, Rawles SD, and Gatlin DM III.  Effects of dietary carbohydrate kind and level on growth, body composition and glycemic response of juvenile sunshine bass (Moronechrysops x M. saxatilis), Aqua. J, 161, 187–199 (1998) @No $ @ @ Lee S.M., Effect of Dietary Starch Level and Kind on the Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthysolivaceus, Fish. andaqu. scien.  14(4), 311-315 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wilson R.P. and Poe. W.E., Apparent Inability of channel catfish to utilize dietary Mono- and disaccharides as energy sources, Amer. Instit. Nutr.,(1987) @No $ @ @ Hung S.S.O., Fynn-Aikins K.F., Lutes P.B. and Xu R.P., Ability of juvenile White Sturgeon (Acipensertransmontanus) to utilize different carbohydrate source,  Journal of Nutrition,119, 727–733 (1989) @No $ @ @ Akiyama T., Murai T. and Nose T., Effects of various dietary carbohydrates on growth, feed efficiency, and body composition of chum salmon fry, Bulletin of the National Research Institute of Aquaculture (Japan),, 75-80 (1982) @No $ @ @ Buhler D.R. and Halver J.E., Nutrition of salmonid fishes: IX. Carbohydrate requirements of chinook salmon, J. Nutr., (74), 307– 318 (1961) @No $ @ @ Shiau S.Y. and Chuang J.C., Utilization of disaccharides by juvenile tilapia (O. niloticus × O.aureus), Aqua.J.,(133), 249–256 (1995) @No $ @ @ Lee S.M., K.D. Kim and S.P. Lall., Utilization of glucose, maltose, dextrin and cellulose by juvenile flounder (Paralichthysolivaceus), Aqua. J., (221), 427–438 (2003) @No $ @ @ Enes P. and Peres H. Growth, feed utilization, and glycemic response in European Sea Bass, Dicentrarchuslabrax, Juveniles fed carbohydrate of different complexities, J World Aqua. Soc., 42, 6 (2011) @No $ @ @ A.O.A.C. Official methods of analysis 16th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Washington D.C. (1990) @No $ @ @ Vansoest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition, J.D.S(74), 3583-3597 (1991) @No $ @ @ Jauncey K. and B. Ross, A Guide to Tilapia feeds and feeding.  University of Sterling, Scotland.111 (1982) @No $ @ @ Bergot F., Carbohydrate in rainbow trout diets: effects of the level and source of carbohydrate and the number of meals on growth and body composition, Aqua. J., (18), 157-167 (1979) @No $ @ @ Anderson J., Jackson A.J., Matty A.J. and Capper B.S. Effects of dietary carbohydrate and fibre on the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus), Aqua. J., (37), 303-314 (1984) @No $ @ @ Ighwela K.A., A.B. Ahmad and A.B. Abol-Munafi, Condition Factor as an Indicator of Growth and Feeding Intensity of Nile Tilapia Fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus) Feed on Different Levels of Maltose, American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci.,11(4), 559-563, (2011) @No $ @ @ Arockiaraj A.J., Muruganandam M., Marimuthu K. and Haniffa M.A., Utilization of carbohydrate as a dietary energy source by the striped murrelChannastraiatusfingerlings, ActaZoolo. Taiw., 10(2), 103–111(1999) @No $ @ @ Halver J.E., Fish nutrition, Academic press, 731 (1972) @No $ @ @ Sado R.Y., Almeida Bicudo A.J.D. and Cyrino J.E.P., Feeding dietary mannan oligosaccharides to juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has no effect on hematological parameters and showed decreased feed consumption, J W. Aqua. Soc.,39(6), 821-826 (2008) @No 
<#LINE#>Knowledge of Paddy and Irrigated Dry Crop Growers on Agricultural Implements and Machinery<#LINE#>M.@SampathKumar,R.@Vasantha,G.@Shivacharan,K.@MadanMohanReddy<#LINE#>6-10<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IVC-2015-01AFS-004.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, INDIA <#LINE#>30/3/2015<#LINE#>15/5/2015<#LINE#>The present study entitled ‘A Study on the Agricultural Mechanization in Karimnagar District of Andhra Pradesh’ had been initiated focusing on the knowledge, extent of use, attitude and documentation of farmers innovations in agricultural implements and machinery. In the present investigation we adopted the Ex post–facto research design. Karimnagar district of Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh state was purposively selected for the study as maximum budget is allotted by the Department of Agriculture, Government of Andhra Pradesh for this district among the other Telangana districts under farm mechanization. The study was conducted in 4 villages selected from 2 mandals of Karimnagar district, which included 30 farmers from each village which has selected for the study, 120 farmers of sample were selected for the study. Majority of the large farmers had high knowledge (57.5%) regarding agriculture implements and machinery followed by medium and small farmers (45%) had low and medium knowledge. <#LINE#> @ @ Banerjee, Study on Energy Consumption Pattern and Scope of Energy Conservation in Implements used in Agriculture, www.dspace.jdvu.ac.in. (2012) @No $ @ @ Kerlinger F.N., Foundations of Behavioural Research, Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc., New York. (1973) @No $ @ @ Deshmukh P.R., Bhosale P.B and Wattamwar V.T., Technological Gap in Soybean Production Practices, Indian Journal of Social Research, 52(3), 257- 264 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>GC-MS Analysis of Fruits of Calotropis procera: A Medicinal Shrub<#LINE#>P.@Chandrawat,R.A.@Sharma<#LINE#>11-14<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IVC-2015-03BS-006.pdf<#LINE#> Medicinal Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004 (Rajasthan), INDIA <#LINE#>2/2/2015<#LINE#>28/4/2015<#LINE#>The phyto-components of Calotropis procera Linn. Fruits were screened by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Benzene extract was prepared by soxhlet exract from the fruits of C. procera. GC-MS running time for benzene extract of fruits of C. procera was 45 min. The total number of compounds identified in benzeneic extract was 39. The major phytoconstituents present were Lupenol (12.10), n-Hexadecanoic acid (12.07), Thymol (9.86), Tetratetracontane (6.88) and Linoleic acid (6.74) Many phytosterols were also present such as Stigmasterol (0.70), beta–sitosterol (0.54) and Campesterol (0.31)  <#LINE#> @ @ Ramaprabha M. and Vasantha K., Phytochemical and antibacterial activity of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. flowers, Int. J. of Pharma and Biosciences, 3(1), 1-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mukherjee B., Bose S. and Dutta S. K., Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of fresh flower extract of Calotropis procera Linn., Int. J. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 1(2), 182-187 (2010) @No $ @ @ Meena A.K., Yadav A. and Rao M.M., Ayurvedic uses and pharmacological activities of Calotropis procera Linn.,Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines, 6(2), 45-53 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ansari SH, Ali M., Norditerpenic ester and pentacyclic triterpenoids from root bark of Calotropis procera (Ait) R. Br., Pharmazie, 56(2), 175-177, (2001) @No $ @ @ Begum N., Sharma B. and Pandey R.S., Evaluation of Insecticidal Efficacy of Calotropis procera and Annona Squamosa Ethanol Extracts Against Musca Domestica, J Biofertil Biopestici, 1(1), 1 -6 (2010) @No $ @ @ Jain, S.C., Sharma R., Jain R. and Sharma R.A., Antimicrobial activity of Calotropis procera, Fitoterapia, 67(3), 275-277 (1996) ,  @No $ @ @ Yazna srividya B., Ravishankar K. and Priya Bhandhavi P., Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of Calotropis procera fruit extract, Inter. J. Res. in Pharm. and Chem, , 2231-2781(2013) @No $ @ @ H.R. Siddique, S.K. Mishra, R.J. Karnes and M. Saleem, Lupeol, a novel androgen receptor inhibitor: implications in prostate cancer therapy, Clin. Cancer Res.,20119.B.Venkata Raman, L.A. Samuel, M. Pardha Saradhi, B. Narashimha Rao, A. Naga Vamsi Krishna, M. Sudhakar and T.M. Radhakrishnan, Antibacterial, antioxidant activity and GC-MS analysis of Eupatorium odoratum, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 5(2), 99-105 (2012) @No $ @ @ Zarrini G., Bahari-Delgosha Z., Mollazadeh-Moghaddam K., Shahverdi A.R.,  Post-antibacterial effect of thymol, Pharmaceutical biology,48(6), 633–636 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ündeer Ü., Baaran A., Degen G. H., Baaran N., Antioxidant activities of major thyme ingredients and lack of (oxidative) DNA damage in V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells at low levels of carvacrol and thymol, Food and Chemical Toxicology,47(8), 2037–2043 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ahmad A. et al, Proton translocating ATPase mediated fungicidal activity of eugenol and thymol, Fitoterapia, (2010) @No $ @ @ Mezzoug N., Elhadri A., Dallouh A., Amkiss S., Skali N.S., Abrini J., Zhiri A., Baudoux D., Diallo B., El Jaziri M., Idaomar M. Investigation of the mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of Origanum compactum essential oil and some of its constituents, Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis,629(2), 100 (2007) @No $ @ @ Andersen A. Final report on the safety assessment of sodium p-chloro-m-cresol, p-chloro-m-cresol, chlorothymol, mixed cresols, m-cresol, o-cresol, p-cresol, isopropyl cresols, thymol, o-cymen-5-ol, and carvacrol, International journal of toxicology,25(1), 29–127 (2006) @No $ @ @ Trombetta D., Castelli F., Sarpietro M. G., Venuti V., Cristani M., Daniele C., Saija A., Mazzanti G., Bisignano G., Mechanisms of Antibacterial Action of Three Monoterpenes, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 49(6), 2474–8 (2005) @No $ @ @ Diezel W.E., Schulz E., Skanks M., Heise H., Plant oils: Topical application and anti-inflammatory effects (croton oil test) , Dermatologische Monatsschrift,179, 173 (1993) @No $ @ @ Letawe C., Boone M. Pierard G.E. ,Digital image analysis of the effect of topically applied linoleic acid on acne microcomedones, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology,23(2), 56–58 (1998) @No $ @ @ Darmstadt G.L., Mao-Qiang M., Chi E., Saha S.K., Ziboh V.A., Black R.E., Santosham M., Elias P.M. ,Impact of tropical oils on the skin barrier: possible implications for neonatal health in developing countries, Acta Paediatrica,91(5), 546–554 (2002) @No 
<#LINE#>Study of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plants Utilized in Cancer Treatment<#LINE#>AnjaliP.@Soni,GayatriN.@Chauhan<#LINE#>15-21<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IVC-2015-3BS-13.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Udhana Magdhalla Road, Surat INDIA <#LINE#>28/3/2015<#LINE#>8/5/2015<#LINE#>In our modern society word Cancer is becoming very common as various types of Cancer are effecting large population worldwide. Need of hour is to find the effective treatment of these cancers through research on different plants which can be a good source of components effective in its treatment. The state of uncontrolled growth of cell is Cancer. Various species of plants have been used in the preparation of drugs utilized for the treatment of malignant diseases. Phytochemicals are the chemical substances producing definite physiological action on human body. They found to have antioxidants which are also called free radical scavangers protecting the cells from different types of Cancer. In our studies we have selected six medicinal plants as Aegle marmelos (Leaves), Vernonia anthelmintica (Seeds), Zingiber officinalis (Rhizome), Tinospora cordifolia (Stem) and Phyllanthus acidus (Leaves) of Gujarat region which are reported to have role in cancer therapy due to the presence of different phytochemicals like phenolics, tannins, flavonoids etc. Aqueous and Organic extracts of different parts of these plants were prepared. Antioxidant activity was measured through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay and antimicrobial activity through Agar Well Diffusion method. Antimicrobial activity was tested on some disease causing microorganisms like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella typhii, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum. DPPH assay had revealed that organic extract of Vernonia anthelmintica and aqueous extract of Zingiber officinalis was found to have IC50 values 124 and 132 µg/ml respectively. Antimicrobial activity of different extracts had shown that maximum diameter of Zone of Inhibition (24mm at 1g/ml) was obtained with organic extract of Tinospora cordifolia. No antifungal activity was observed with any of the plant species extracts. It can be concluded from the studies that the extracts of all test six plants possessed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities which conforms their role in cancer studies. <#LINE#> @ @ Ali N., Juelich W., Kusnick C. and Lindequist U., Screening of Yemni medicinal plants for antibacterial and cytotoxic activities, J Ethnopharmacol., 74, 173-179(2001) @No $ @ @ Nair R., Kalariya T. and Chanda S., Antibacterial activity of some selected Indian medicinal flora. Turkish Journal of Biology; 29, 41-47 (2005) @No $ @ @ Nordqvist Christian, Ginger Kills Ovarian Cancer Cells, Medical News Today. Medi Lexicon International limited (2006) @No $ @ @ Dhanasekaran M., Baskar A.A., Ignacimuthu S., Agastian P. and Duraipandiyan V., Chemopreventive potential of Epoxy clerodane diterpene from Tinosporacordifolia against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma., Invest new drugs., 27(4), 347-55 (2009) @No $ @ @ Lee C., Peng Y., Cheng W.H, ChengH., Lai FNMT. and Chiu T.H., Hepatoprotective Effect of Phyllanthus in Taiwan on Acute Liver Damage Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride, AmericanJournal of Chinese Medicine; 30(3), 471- 482 (2006) @No $ @ @ Brand-Williams W., Cuvelier M.E. and Berset C., Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensmittel Wissenschaftund Technologie,28, 25–30(1995), 15-21 (2015) @No $ @ @ Arnao M.B., Cano A. and Acosta M., The hydrophilic and lipophilic contribution to total antioxidant activity, Food Chemistry,73, 239–244 (2011) @No $ @ @ Cheesbrough, M., District Laboratory practical in tropical countries, Part 2., Cambridge university Press, Cambridge, UK., 137- 150 (2006) @No $ @ @ Blois M., Antioxidant determination by the use of stable free radicals. Nature., 26, 1199-1200(1958) @No $ @ @ Cao G., Sofic E. and Prior R., Antioxidant capacity of tea and common vegetables. J Agricult Food Chem., , 3426-3431(1996) @No $ @ @ Matkowski A., Tasarz P. and Szypu\na E., Antioxidant activity of herb extracts from five medicinal plants from Lamiaceae, subfamily Lamioideae, J. Med. Plants Res,. 2, 321-330 (2008) @No $ @ @ Naik G., Priyadarsini K., Satav J., Banavalikar M., Sohoni P. and Biyani M., Comparative antioxidant activity of  individual herbal components used in Ayurvedic medicine. Phytochemistry,63, 97-104 (2003) @No $ @ @ Siddique N.A., Mujeeb M., Ansari S.H., Ahmad S., Ali B. and Junaid A., Development of quality standards of Aegle marmelos L. leaves. Journal of Phytology,2(2), 36-43 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sasidharan I. and Nirmala M.A., Comparative chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Fresh and dry Ginger oils (Zingiber officinales Roscoe) Int. J. Curr. Pharm. Res., 2(4), 40-43 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>Human Tide: An Environmentally Induced Migration<#LINE#>Koushik@Dutta<#LINE#>22-24<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IVC-2015-08EVS-004.pdf<#LINE#> Sambhu Nath College, Labpur, W.B. INDIA <#LINE#>28/3/2015<#LINE#>4/5/2015<#LINE#>Human migration due to environmental degradation produces environmental refugees which has become a burning issue now-a-days for many countries. Although it originates initially due to ecological disruptions, it creates various complex socio-economic problems. The objectives of this paper are to find out the causes of the rapid generation of environmental refugees, to discuss about the associated problems like rehabilitation, resettlement, social security, economic stability, and political conflict, role of governments as well as the NGOs and final recommendations to mitigate this problem. The study reveals that natural hazards like flood, earthquake, desertification etc., pollution and climate change due to anthropogenic activities like rapid industrialization and unplanned urban growth, construction of large developmental projects like dams are the main causes of the generation of environmental refugees. Changing consumption pattern, loss of biodiversity, deforestation, illegal poaching as well as trading of wild animals, population explosion, illiteracy, lack of food and safe drinking water etc., are the indirect causes of this problem. Some remedial measures are suggested to mitigate this problem. Those are: biodiversity conservation, proper disaster management plan, adoption of low carbon economy and green technology, afforestation and reforestation, sustainable development, conduction of EIA before any developmental project, providing legal protection, proper resettlement and suitable alternative employment to the affected people, conduction of awareness campaign and regular health check up etc.  <#LINE#> @ @ Myers N., Environmental Refugees: Our Latest Understanding, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society,(356), 161-165, (2001) @No $ @ @ Kliot N., Environmentally Induced Population Movements: Their Complex Sources and Consequences -A Critical Review, Environmental Change and Its Kluwer, Dordrecht, 69, (2004) @No $ @ @ Hugo G., Environmental Concerns and International Migration, International Migration Review, 30(1), 105-131, (1996) @No $ @ @ Graves P.E., Migration and Climate, J. Regional Sc.20(2), 227-237, (1980) @No $ @ @ Beniston M., Issues Relating to Environmental Change and Population Migrations: A Climatologist's Perspective, Environmental Change and Its Implications for Population Migration, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1-24, (2004) @No $ @ @ Agarwal A., Environmental Refugees, Down To Earth15(3), 65-69, (2006) @No $ @ @ Chhibber B., Environmental Refugees in India, Science Reporter, 43(9), 14-15, (2006) @No 
<#LINE#>Rigor in Qualitative research: Promoting quality in Social Science Research<#LINE#>Henry@Poduthase<#LINE#>25-28<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IVC-2015-20SHS-11.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Psychology, Sociology, and Social Work, West Texas A and M University, USA <#LINE#>4/4/2015<#LINE#>8/5/2015<#LINE#>Internationally, there is an increasing call for in-depth and rigorous research to enhance the evidence-based practice of most of the practice professions. This article is reviewing various published articles on rigor of qualitative research and discusses on the various criteria presented in these articles to ensure credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability. For the purpose of this analysis, the author has selected five published articles those analyses rigor in qualitative research. Majority of these articles based their rigor criteria in the suggestions provided by Lincoln and Guba. In-depth analysis also shows that authors tried to develop further new parameters ensure the credibility of qualitative researches. Finally, the author is summarizing the major suggestions provided in these articles to ensure the rigor of qualitative research studies.  <#LINE#> @ @ Guba E.G. and Lincoln Y.S. Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105-117). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, (1994) @No $ @ @ Morse J.M., Qualitative nursing research: A contemporary dialogue, Newbury Park, CA: Sage, (1991) @No $ @ @ Barusch A., George M. and Gringeri C., Rigor in qualitative social work research: a review of strategies used in published articles, Social Work Research,35(1), 11–19 (2011) @No $ @ @ Lincoln Y.S. and Guba E.G., Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, (1985) @No $ @ @ Lincoln Y.S., Emerging criteria for quality in qualitative and interpretive research, Qualitative Inquiry, 12, 275-289(1995) @No $ @ @ Ely, Margot, AnzuI, Margaret, Friedman, Teri, Garner, Diane, and Steinmetz, Ann McCormack, Doing qualitative research: Circles within circles,London: Fahner Press, (1991) @No $ @ @ Creswell J.W., Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, (2007) @No $ @ @ Stanley M. and Nayar S., Methodological rigour. Ensuring quality in occupational therapy qualitative research, New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67(1), 6 -12 (2014) @No $ @ @ Houghton C., Casey D., Shaw D. and Murphy K., Rigour in qualitative case-study research, Nurse Researcher, 20 (4), 12-17 (2013) @No $ @ @ Prion, S., and Adamson, Katie A. Making Sense of Methods and Measurement: Rigor in Qualitative Research, Clinical Simulation in Nursing,10(2), e107 - e108 (2014) @No $ @ @ Gringeri C., Barusch A.S. and Cambron C., Examiningfoundations of qualitative research: a review of social work dissertations, 2008-2010, Journal of Social Work Education,49(4), 760-773 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>Token-based Predictive Scheduling of Tasks in Cloud Data-centers<#LINE#>Narander@Kumar,Swati@Saxena<#LINE#>29-33<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IVC-2015-05CITS-003.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Computer Science, B. B. A. University (A Central University), Lucknow, UP, INDIA <#LINE#>4/4/2015<#LINE#>7/5/2015<#LINE#>Resource Management in a utility-based system such as cloud computing requires a careful observation of users demands and availability of resources. For optimal resource provisioning, an effective task/job scheduling is required which must guarantee fair chance to users and profit to service providers along with maximum utilization of resources. This paper presents a token-based scheduling mechanism which lines up tasks to resources in a fair manner based on a user’s token value. A user’s token is characterized by his/her SLA parameters, his/her duration in the task queue and the task’s nature, i.e. computation-intensive, memory-intensive or communication-intensive. Further, to ensure optimal usage to cloud’s resources, the token-based scheduling is complemented by a predictive scheduling which matches user’s demands with resource’s supply, and delays a task in case it’s demand is not currently fulfilled by a machine by giving preference to another task. The experimental results of the proposed work strengthen our claim of fairness, profitability and effective resource management. <#LINE#> @ @ Makkes M.X., Taal A., Osseyran A. and Grosso P., A decision framework for placement of applications inclouds that minimizes their carbon footprint., Journal of Cloud Computing, 2(1), 1-13, (2013) @No $ @ @ Chen X., Zhang Y., Huang G., Zheng X., Guo W. and Rong C., Architecture-based integrated management of diverse cloud resources, Journal of Cloud Computing, 3(1), 1-15, (2014) @No $ @ @ Pinal Salot, A Survey of Various Scheduling Algorithm in Cloud Computing Environment, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2(2), (2013) @No $ @ @ Sithole E., McConnell A., McClean S., Parr G., Scotney B., Moore A. and Bustard D, Cache performance models for quality of service compliance in storage clouds, Journal of Cloud Computing, 2(1), 1-24, (2013) @No $ @ @ Waddington S., Zhang J., Knight G., Jensen J., Downing R. and Ketley C, Cloud repositories for research data–addressing the needs of researchers, Journal of Cloud Computing, 2(1), 1-27, (2013) @No $ @ @ Assunçao M.D., Netto M.A., Koch F. and Bianchi S., Context-aware job scheduling for cloud computing environments, In Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ACM Fifth International Conference on Utility and CloudComputing, 255-262, (2012) @No $ @ @ Agarwal D. and Jain S., Efficient optimal algorithm of task scheduling in cloud computing environment, arXiv preprint arXiv, 140, 2076, (2014) @No $ @ @ Banerjee A., Agrawal P. and Iyengar N.C.S., Energy Efficiency Model for Cloud Computing. International Journal of Energy, Information and Communications, 4, 29-42, (2013) @No $ @ @ Bilgaiyan S., Sagnika S. and Das M., An Analysis ofTask Scheduling in Cloud Computing using Evolutionary and Swarm-based Algorithms, International Journal of Computer Applications, 89(2), 11-18, (2014) @No $ @ @ Liu J., Luo X.G., Zhang X. M., Zhang F. and Li B.N., Job scheduling model for cloud computing based on multi-objective genetic algorithm, IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, 10(1), 134-139, (2013) @No $ @ @ Liang D., Ho P.J. and Liu B., Scheduling in Distributed Systems, (2000) @No $ @ @ Chang H.J., Wu J.J. and Liu P., Job scheduling techniques for distributed systems with heterogeneous processor cardinality, In Pervasive Systems, Algorithms, and Networks (ISPAN), 2009 10th International Symposium on, 57-62, (2009) @No $ @ @ Gebai M., Giraldeau F. and Dagenais M.R., Fine-grained preemption analysis for latency investigation across virtual machines, Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems and Applications, 3(1), 41, (2014) @No $ @ @ Ghanbari S. and Othman M., A priority based job scheduling algorithm in cloud computing, Procedia Engineering 50, 778-785, (2012) @No $ @ @ Luo L., Wu W., Di D., Zhang F., Yan Y. and Mao Y., A resource scheduling algorithm of cloud computing based on energy efficient optimization methods, In 2012 InternationalGreen Computing Conference (IGCC), 1-6,(2012) @No $ @ @ Wang X., Wang Y. and Zhu H., Energy-efficient task scheduling model based on MapReduce for cloud computing using genetic algorithm, Journal of Computers, (12), 2962-2970, (2012) @No $ @ @ Maqableh M., Karajeh H. and Masa’deh R.E., Job Scheduling for Cloud Computing Using Neural Networks, Communications and Network, (2014) @No $ @ @ Dimitriadou S.K. and Karatza H.D., Job scheduling in a distributed system using backfilling with inaccurate runtime computations, In Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), 2010 International Conference on, 329-336, (2010) @No $ @ @ Waldspurger C.A. and Weihl W.E., Stride scheduling:Deterministic proportional share resource managemen,. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Computer Science, (1995) @No $ @ @ Waldspurger C.A. and Weihl W.E., Lottery scheduling: Flexible proportional-share resource management, InProceedings of the 1st USENIX conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (p. 1). USENIX Association, (1994) @No $ @ @ Chawla Y. and Bhonsle M., A Study on Scheduling Methods in Cloud Computing, International Journal of Emerging Trends and Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), 1(3), 12-17, (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Isolation of Rhizobacteria from Paddy Field and Their Traits for Plant Growth Promotion<#LINE#>P.V.@Patel,P.B.@Desai<#LINE#>34-41<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IVC-2015-03BS-005.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Microbiology, Shree Ramkrishna Institute of Computer Education and Applied Sciences, Surat, Gujarat. INDIA <#LINE#>/1/2015<#LINE#>/1/2015<#LINE#> Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is among the three most important cereal crop of the world and its production exceeds from that of wheat. Rhizobacteria has profound effect on plant growth. Present study was carried out to know the effect of rhizobacteria on growth of paddy and specifically the availability of nutrients mainly Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potassium to the Rice. Total 63 such bacteria were isolated on various media from the rhizospheric soil, Ectorhizospheric and Endorhizospheric region along with Bulk soil of paddy field. The isolates were screened in vitro for significant traits viz., qualitative detection of their nitrogen fixing ability, phosphate solubilization and potassium solubilization, Catalase production and enzyme production viz, Protease, Amylase, Lipase Cellulase etc. The plant growth promoting hormones like Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and Gibberellic Acid (GA) have also been tested quantitatively. Qualitatively nitrogen was fixed (42), phosphate solubilized (57) and potassium solubilized (21). Rhizobacteria also control growth of plant pathogens by producing enzymes like Protease (30), Amylase (30), Lipase (29) and Cellulase (29). Significant amount of Indole Acetic Acid ranging from 5.79 µg/ml to 43.03 µg/ml and Gibberellic Acid ranging from 118.41 µg/ml to 198.18 µg/ml were produced by the isolates. Results indicates that these rhizobacteria may be exploited further for their ability to increase availability of major nutrient and phytohormone supply to the rice and controlling plant pathogens so as to increase productivity of paddy field..  <#LINE#> @ @  Juanda J.I.H., Screening of soil bacteria for Plant Growth Promoting Activities in Vitro, J. Agri. Sci., 4, 27-31 (2005) @No $ @ @  Gandhi A., Muralidharan G., Sudhakar E., Isolation and identification of elite phosphate solubilizing bacteria from soil under paddy cultivation., International Letters of Natural Sciences., 11(1), 62-68 (2014) @No $ @ @  Shrivastava1 A.K., Khilendra Dewangan and Shrivastava D.K., Plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strains from rice rhizospheric soil.,  Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci., 3(4), 774-779 (2014) @No $ @ @  Bhattacharyya P. and Jha D., Plant growth promoting rhozobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture, World J Microb Biot., 28(4), 1327-1350 (2011) @No $ @ @  Khan M.S., Screening of free-living rhizospheric bacteria for their multiple plant growth promoting activities, 163, 173-181 (2006) @No $ @ @  Tan, K.Z., O. Radziah, M.S. Halimi, A.R. Khairuddin, S.H. Habib and Z.H. Shamsuddin., Isolation and characterization of rhizobia and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their effects on growth of rice seedlings., American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 9(3), 342-360, (2014) @No $ @ @  Laskar Folguni, Sharma G.D. and Deb B., Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Traits of Diazotrophic Bacteria and their Inoculating Effects on Growth and Yield of Rice Crops., GRA, 2(4), 2-5 (2013) @No $ @ @  Yasuyuki Hashidoko; Tada, Motohiko; Osaki, Mitsuru; Tahara, Satoshi., Soft gel medium solidified with gellan gum for preliminary screening for root-associating, free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria inhabiting the rhizoplane of plants., Biosci., Biotechnol., Biochem., 66(10), 2259-2263, (2002) @No $ @ @  Pikovsakaya RE., Mobilization of phosphorus in soil in connection with vital activity of some microbial species, Microbiologia.,17, 362-370 (1948) @No $ @ @  Aleksandrov V.G., Blagodyr R.N. and Iiiev I.P., Liberation of phosphoric acid from apatite by silicate bacteria. Mikrobiology Zh (Kiev), 29, 111-114 (1967) @No $ @ @  Gothwal R.K., Nigam V.K., Mohan M. K., Sasma D. and Ghosh P., Screening of nitrogen fixers from rhizospheric bacterial isolates associated with important desert plants, Appl. Ecol and Environ. Res. 6(2), 101-109 (2008) @No $ @ @  Smibert RM and Krieg NR., Phenotypic characterization. In: Methods for General and Molecular Biology,. Eds. GerhardtP., Murray R.G.E., Wood W.A, Krieg N.R. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 607–654 (1994) @No $ @ @  Alariya Shyam Sunder, Sethi Sonia, Gupta Sakhsam and Gupta B. Lal., Amylase activity of a starch degrading bacteria isolated from soil, Arch. of Appl. Sci. Res., 5(1), 15-24 (2013) @No $ @ @  Sarkar Sarada B., Sreekanth, Kant Shreya, Banerjee Rintu and Bhattacharyya B.C., Production and optimization of microbial lipase, Bioprocess Eng., 19, 29-32 (1998) @No $ @ @  Aneja K.R. Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology, Tissue Culture and Mushroom Production Technology. New Age International Limited, 2nd Edition, (2001) @No $ @ @  Gordon S.A and Paleg L.G., Quantitative measurement of Indole acetic acid, Physiol. Plantarum., 10, 347-348 (1957) @No $ @ @  Borrow A., Brain P.W., Chester U.E., Curtis P.J., Hemming H.G., Jeffereys E.C., Lloyd R.B., Nixon I.S., Norris G.L.F. and Radley N., Gibberellic acid a metabolic product of fungus Gibberella fujikuroi some observation on its production and isolation, Jour. Sci. Food. Agric., 6, 340-348 (1955) @No $ @ @  Reyes V.A. and Valduz Z., Phosphate solubilizing micro-organisms isolated from the rhizospheric and bulk soils of colonizer plants at an abandoned rock phosphate mine, Plant Soil, 287, 69-75 (2006) @No $ @ @  Kloepper J.W., Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria as biological control agents, in: Soil Microbial Ecology: applications in agricultural and environmental management, F.B. Jr., Metting, ed., Marcel Dekker inc., N.Y., 255-273 (1992) @No $ @ @  Ajay Kumar, Amit Kumar, Shikha Devi, Sandip Patil, Chandani Payal and Sushila Negi., Isolation, screening and characterization of bacteria from Rhizospheric soils for different plant growth promotion (PGP) activities: an in vitro study., RRST, 4(1), 01-05 (2012) @No $ @ @  Kai M., Haustein M.F., Petri A., Scholz B., Piechulla B., Bacterial volatiles and their action potential., Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 81, 1001–1012 (2009) @No $ @ @  Spaepen S. and Vanderleyden J., Auxin and plant-microbe interactions, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 3(4), 1-14, (2011) @No $ @ @  Tsavkelova E.A., Klimova S.Y., Cherdyntseva T.A. and Netrusov A.I., Microbial producers of plant growth stimulators and their practical use: a review, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol., 42(2), 117–126, (2006) @No $ @ @ , 34-41 (2015) @No $ @ @ Crozier A, Kamiya Y, Bishop G and Yokota T., Biosynthesis of hormones and elicitor molecules. In: Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. American Society of Plant Physiology, Rockville, 850–929 (2000) @No $ @ @ Davies P.J., The plant hormones: Their nature, occurrence and functions. In: Plant hormones: Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular biology, P.J. Davis, ed, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1–12 (1995) @No $ @ @ King R.W. and Evans L.T., Gibberellins and flowering of grasses and cereals: prising open the lid of the “Florigen” black box. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol.,  54, 307–328 (2003) @No $ @ @ Pharis R.P and King R.W., Gibberellins and reproductive development in seed plants, Annu Rev Plant Physiol., 36, 517–568 (1985) @No $ @ @ Sponsel V.M., Gibberellins. In: Henry HL, Norman AW (eds) Encyclopedia of hormones, 2, Academic, 29–40 (2003) @No $ @ @ Raval A.A. and Desai P.B., Rhizobacteria from Rhizosphere of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and their effect on Plant Growth, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(6), 58-61 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Biodeterioration of Art objects on Paper and their Conservation<#LINE#>Shobha@Shrivastava<#LINE#>42-46<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IVC-2015-03BS-011.pdf<#LINE#> Division of Microbiology/Dep`t of Botany, Govt. M.L.B. Girl`s P.G. (Auto) College, Bhopal, INDIA <#LINE#>/1/<#LINE#>/1/<#LINE#> The Botanical specimens, manuscripts, books paintings, paper craft and various other material of cultural heritage provides an ideal substrate for the growth and proliferation of several fungi and probably in most of the cases they get liberated in the ambient air. Biodeterioration is any undesirable changes in the properties of materials caused by vital activities of microorganisms. The present paper deals with the microbes present of the paper paintings with great emphasis on their role in damaging paintings as well as measures for control. The airspora present on the paper paintings from different places visited has been studied and the record for entire year prepared. Over 20 fungal species were identified several fungal species of Aspergillus and Alternaria were found dominating from all the experimental sites, followed by species of Cladosporium, Fusarium, Curvularia, Chaetomium, mycelia sterillia, Penecillium, Trichoderma, Phoma and Cephalosporium showed their presence during several months. Deterioration of paintings cause by microbes is a serious problem throughout the world. Fungi are abundant on the earth with high ecological adoptability. Fungal activity damage paintings through discoloration, colored stains and flaking of paint layers. One of the biggest problem in the control of microbial deterioration of paper paintings is not only to prevent the growth of microbes, but also to kill them without damaging the paintings, keeping this in view, out of various biocides α-aminoisobulyric acid (AIB) showed inhibitory action and preventing growth of hyphal stage and it is suggested that this may be used as effective biocide for control of microbial growth on paper.  <#LINE#> @ @  Agrawal O.P. and Dhawan`s, : Technical note-2, Control of Biodeterioration in museums, (1985) @No $ @ @  Bharduaj Namita and Bhatnagar I.K: Microbial Deterioration of paper paintings in biodeterioration of material-2, Ed. By R.B. Shrivastava, G.N. Mathur and O.P. Agrawal, (2002), 42-46 (2015) @No $ @ @ Caneva G., Nugari M.P. and Salvadori O., Biology in the conservation of works of Art. ICCROM Pb -101-1 (1991) @No $ @ @ Chan P.K., Practical considerable in selecting and testing of Biocides for paints, Paints, Paintindia XLIII, 47-58 (1993) @No $ @ @ Dhawan S. and Sharma N.: in Biodeterioration of material-2, Edi. By R.B. Shrivastava, G.N. Mathur and O.P. Agrawal, (2002) @No $ @ @ Nair S.M., Biodeterioration of paper Conservation of cultural properties in India, 10, 22-28 (1977) @No $ @ @ Pathak N, Studies on microbial deterioration of wall paintings and their conservation, Ph.D. Thesis, Faizabad (1991) @No $ @ @ Szezepanowska H., Biodeterioration of Art objects on pape, 10th conference on paper conservation, U.K. (reprint); 10-11 (1985) @No $ @ @ Thakre R.P. and M.N. Bhajbhuje, Biodeterioration of books and Journals. In Biodeterioration of cultural property (Eds.) Agrawal, O.P. and Dhawan S., Mac Milan India, (1991) @No 
<#LINE#>Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Plant (Fenugreek Seeds) Reducing Method and their Optical Properties<#LINE#>Rajesh@KumarMeena,Neelu@Chouhan<#LINE#>47-52<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IVC-2015-04CS-004.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Kota, Kota-324005 Rajasthan, INDIA <#LINE#>/1/2015<#LINE#>/1/2015<#LINE#> In this paper, we synthesied the spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of 50-90 nm size, using AgNO3 solution and the aqueous extract of Fenugreek plant seeds, which can act as a reducing, stablising and capping agent, at ambient condition. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by the XRD pattern and first excitonic peak of UV Vis. spectra that was supported by the change in colour of the solution (from colourless to dark pink). As synthesised Ag nanoparticles were characterized with the help of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis.  <#LINE#> @ @  Alqudami A and Annapoorni S., Fluorescence from metallic silver and iron nanoparticles prepared by exploding wire technique, Plasmonics., 2(1) 5-13 (2007) @No $ @ @  Korbekandi H and Iravani S., Silver Nanoparticles, Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials, 3, 5-16 (2012) @No $ @ @  Brigger I, Dubernet C, Couvreur P., Nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis, Adv Drug Deliv Rev., 64, 24–36 (2012) @No $ @ @ Basarkar A, Singh J. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide)-polymethacrylate nanoparticles for intramuscular delivery of plasmid encoding interleukin-10 to prevent autoimmune diabetes in mice, Pharm Res., 26, 72–81 (2009) @No $ @ @ Roy K, Mao HQ, Huang SK and Leong KW, Oral gene delivery with chitosan-DNA nanoparticles generates immunologic protection in a murine model of peanut allergy, Nat. Med., 5, 387–391 (1999) @No $ @ @ Furno F, Morley KS, Wong B, Sharp BL, Arnold PL, Howdle SM et al. Silver nanoparticles and polymeric medical devices, a new approach to prevention of infection, J Antimicrob Chemother., 54, 1019–1024 (2004) @No $ @ @ Wilson DS, Dalmasso G, WangL, Sitaraman SV, Merlin D and Murthy N., Orally delivered thioketal nanoparticles loaded with TNF-α–siRNA target inflammation and inhibit gene expression in the intestines, Nat. Mater., 9, 923–928 (2010) @No $ @ @  Mano Priya M, Karunai Selvia B, John Paul JA. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from the Leaf Extracts of Euphorbia Hirta and Nerium Indicum, Digest.J. Nanomat. Biostruct., 6(2), 869–877 (2011) @No $ @ @ Chandrakant K, Tagad, Sreekantha Reddy Dugasanic, Rohini Aiyer, Sungha Parkc, Atul Kulkarni and Sushma Sabharwal., Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their application for the development of optical fiber based hydrogen peroxide sensor, Sensors and Actuators B., 183, 144–149 (2013) @No $ @ @ Yamini Sudha Lakshmi G, Fouzia Banu, Ezhilarasan, Arumugam, Sahadevan., Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Cleome Viscosa, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity., 5 (2011) @No $ @ @  Christopher L, Kitchens Douglas E, Hirt Scott M, Husson Alexey A and Vertegel., Synthesis, Stabilization, and Characterization of Metal Nanoparticles, The Graduate School of Clemson University, (2010) @No $ @ @ Hasna Abdul Salam, Rajiv P, Kamaraj M, Jagadeeswaran P, Sangeetha Gunalan and Rajeshwari Sivaraj., Plants, Green Route for Nanoparticle Synthesis, Inter.Res.J.Bio. Sci., 1(5), 85-90 (2012) @No $ @ @ Geoprincy G, Vidhyasrr BN, Poonguzhali U, Nagendra Gandhi N, Renganathan S., A review on green synthesis of silver nano particles, Asian.J.Pharma.Clini.res., 6(1),8–12 (2013) @No $ @ @ Akl M Awwad1, Nidŕ M., Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Mulberry Leaves Extract, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology., 2(4), 125-128 (2012) @No $ @ @ Umesh B. Jagtap, Vishwas A. Bapat., Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Seed extract and its antibacterial activity, Industrial Crops and Products., 46, 132– 137 (2013) @No $ @ @ Nethra Devi C, Sivakumar P and Renganathan S., Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Datura metel flower extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity, Inter.J. Nanomat.Biostruct., 2(2), 16–21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Singh D. Jain, M.K. Upadhyay, N. Khandelwal and H.N. Verma., Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Argemone Mexicana Leaf Extract And Evaluation Of Their Antimicrobial Activities., Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 5(2), 483-489 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mallikarjun K, Narsimha G, Dillip GR, Praveen B, Shreedhar B, Lakshmi S, Reddy VS and Raju DP., Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum leaf extract and their characterization. Digest J Nanomat Biostruct., 6(1), 181-186 (2011) @No $ @ @  Yamini Sudha Lakshmi.G Singapore., Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Cleome Viscosa, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity, International Conference on Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics IPCBEE., 5 (2011) @No $ @ @ R.P. Singh, S. Magesh, C., Rakkiyappan formation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) extract mediated Ag Nanoparticles, mechanism and applications, International Journal of Bio-Engineering Sciences & Technology-IJBEST., 2(3), 283-294 (2011) @No $ @ @ Anal K. Jha K. Prasad., Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cycas Leaf, International Journal of Green Nanotechnology, Physics and Chemistry., 1, 110–117 (2010) @No $ @ @  Manish dubey, Seema bhadauria, B.S. Kushwah., Green synthesis of nanosilver particles from extract of Eucalyptus hybrida (safeda) leaf, Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures., 4(3), 537–543 (2009) @No $ @ @ Dipankar C, Murugan S., The green synthesis, characterization and evaluation of the biological activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Iresine herbstii leaf aqueous extracts, Colloids., 98,112-119 (2012) @No $ @ @ V. Armendariz, I. Herrera, J.R. Peralta-Videa et al., Size controlled gold nanoparticle formation by Avena sativa biomass, use of plants in nanobiotechnology, Journal of Nanoparticle Research., 6(4), 377–382 (2004) @No $ @ @ Thirumurugan A et al., Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Lantana camara leaf extracts, International Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures., 2(4) 65-69 (2012) , 47-52 (2015) @No $ @ @ Prathna TC and Chandrasekaran N and Raichur, Ashok M and Mukherjee, Amitava., Biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Citrus limon (lemon) aqueous extract and theoretical prediction of particle size, In,Colloids and Surfaces B, Biointerfaces., 82(1), 152-159 (2011) @No $ @ @ J. Sivakumar, C.Premkumar, P. Santhanam and N. Saraswathi., Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Calotropis gigantean Leaf, African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences., 3(6), 265-270 (2011) @No $ @ @ Javad karimi andeani, Hojjatollah kazemi, Sasan mohsenzadeh, Afsanehs afavi., Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using dried flowers extract of achillea wilhelmsii plant, Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures., 6(3) 1011-1017 (2011) @No $ @ @  krishnamurthy NB, Nagaraj , Barasa malakar, liny P, and Dinesh R., Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using tagetes erecta l.(mari gold) flower extract & evaluation of their antimicrobial activities, International Journal of Pharma and BioSciences., 3(1), 212-221 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chouhan Neelu and Meena Rajesh Kumar., Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Trachyspermum ammi and evaluation of their antibacterial activities, Int J Pharm Bio Sci., 6(2),1077–1086 (2015) @No $ @ @  Choi S.M., Seo M.H., Kim H.J. and Kim W.B., Synthesis and characterization of graphene-supported metal nanoparticles by impregnation method with heat treatment in H2 atmosphere, Synthetic Metals., 161, 2405– 2411 (2011) @No $ @ @  Shankar S., Rai S., Ahmad A. and Sastry M., Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag, and bimetallic Au core-Ag shell nanoparticles using Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf broth, J.Colloid Interface Sci., 275, 496–502 (2004) @No $ @ @  Gardea-Torresdey J. L., Gomez E., Peralta-Videa J., Parsons J.G., Troiani H.E. and Santiago P., Formation and growth of Au nanoparticles inside live alfalfa plants, Nano Lett., 2, 397–401 (2002) @No $ @ @ Gardea-Torresdey J.L., Gomez E., Peralta-Videa J., Parsons J.G., Troiani H.E. and Santiago P., Alfalfa sprouts, a natural source for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, Langmuir., 19, 1357–1361 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chandran S.P., Chaudhary M., Pasricha R., Ahmad A. and Sastry M., Synthesis of gold nanotriangles and silver nanoparticles using Aloe vera plant extract, Biotechnol. Prog., 22, 577–583 (2006) @No $ @ @ Amkamwar B., Damle C., Ahmad A., Sastry M., Biosynthesis of gold and Ag nanoparticles using Emblica officinalis fruits extract, their phase transfer and transmetallation in an organic solution, J Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 5, 1665-1671 (2005) @No $ @ @ Li S., Shen Y., Xie A., Yu X., Qiu L., Zhang L. and Zhang Q., Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using. Capsicum annum L. Extract, Green Chemistry., 9, 852–858 (2007) @No $ @ @ Shankar S. S., Ahmad A. and Sastry M., Geranium Leaf Assisted Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles, Biotechnol. Progress., 19, 1627–1631 (2003) @No $ @ @ Vijayakumara M., Priya K., Nancy F.T., Noorlidah A. and Ahmed A.B.A., Biosynthesis, characterisation and antibacterial effect of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Artemisia nilagirica, Industrial Crops and Products., 41, 235–240 (2013) @No $ @ @ Gan P. P., Ng S. H., Huang Y., Fong S. and Li Y., Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using palm oil mill effluent (POME), A low-cost and eco-friendly viable approach, Bioresource Technology., 113, 132–135 (2012) @No $ @ @ Song J.Y., Hyeon-Kyeong H.K. and Kim B.S., Biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Magnolia kobus and Dipyros kaki leaf extracts, Process Biochem., 44, 1133-1138 (2009) @No $ @ @  Narayanan K.B. and Sakthivel N., Coriander leaf mediated biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles, Materials Letters., 62, 4588–4590 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mallikarjunaa K, Narasimhab G, Dillipa GR, Praveenb B, Shreedharc B and Sree Lakshmic C et al., Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ocimum Leaf Extract and Their Characterization, Digest.J.Nanomat.Biostruct., 6(1), 181–186 (2011) @No $ @ @  Song JY and Kim BS., Rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts, Bioprocess Biosyst Eng., 32, 79-84 (2009) @No $ @ @  Huang J, Li Q, Sun D, Lu Y, Su Y, Yang X, Wang H, Wang Y, Shao W, He N, Hong J, Chen C., Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by using novel sun-dried Cinnamomum camphora leaves, Nanotechnol., 18, 105-104 (2007) @No $ @ @  Pattanayak M and Nayak PL., Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles from the Leaf Extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem), World Journal of Nano Science & Technology., 2(1), 06-09 (2013) @No $ @ @  Nadagouda M.N. Varma R.S., Green synthesis of silver and palladium nanoparticles at room temperature using coffee and tea extract, Green Chem., 10, 859–862 (2008) @No $ @ @ Fageria P., Gangopadhyay S. and Pande S., Synthesis of ZnO/Au and ZnO/Ag nanoparticles and their photocatalytic application using UV and visible light. RSC Adv., 4, 24962–24972 (2014) @No $ @ @  Ahmad, P. Mukherjee, D. Mandal, S. Senapati, M.I. Khan, R. Kumar and M. Sastry., Enzyme Mediated Extracellular Synthesis of CdS Nanoparticles by the Fungus, Fusariuoxysporum, J.Am. Chem. Soc., 124,12108–12109 (2002), 47-52 (2015) @No $ @ @ Geoprincy G, Saravanan P, NagendraGandhi N and Renganathan S., A novel approach for studying the combined antimicrobial effects of silver nano particles and antibiotics through agar over layer method and disk diffusion method, Digest.J.Nanomat.Biostruct, 6(4), 1557-1565 (2011) @No $ @ @  Kalimuthu K, Babu RS, Venkataraman D, Bilal M and Gurunathan S., Biosynthesis of silver nanocrystals by Bacillus licheniformis, Colloids Surf B., 65(1), 150-153 (2008) @No $ @ @  Wijnhoven SWP, Peijnenburg WJGM, Herberts CA, Hagens WI, Oomen AG and Heugens EHW et al., Nano–silver, a review of available data and knowledge gaps in human and environmental risk assessment, Nano toxicology., 3, 109-138 (2009) @No $ @ @  Klueh U, Wagner V, Kelly S, Johnson A and Bryers JD., Efficacy of silver-coated fabric to prevent bacterial colonization and subsequent device-based biofilm formation, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 53(6), 621–631 (2000) @No $ @ @ Balch PA Prescription for dietary wellness (2nd edn). Penguin group, New York 15-17 (2003) @No $ @ @  Thomas JE, Bandara M, Lee EL, Driedger D and Acharya S., Biochemical monitoring in fenugreek to develop functional food and medicinal plant variants, N Biotechnol., 28, 110-117 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jani R, Udipi SA. and Ghugre PS Mineral content of complementary foods, Indian J Pediatr 76, 37-44 (2009) @No $ @ @ Thombre RS, Mehta S, Mohite J and Jaisinghani P., Synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its cytotoxic effect on THP-1 cancer cell line. International Journal of Pharma and Biosciences. 4(1),184-192 (2013) @No $ @ @ Smitha SL, Nissamudeen KM, Philip D and Gopchandran KG., Studies on surface Plasmon resonance and photoluminescence silver nanoparticles, Spectrochim. Acta A., 71(1), 186–190 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jing A, Wang D, Luo Q and Yuan X., Antimicrobial active silver nanoparticles and Silver/polystyrene core-shell nanoparticles prepared in room-temperature ionic liquid, Materials Science and Engineering C, 29(6),1984–1989 (2009) @No
<#LINE#>Prevention Technique from Hackers and Trackers in on-line-Transactions<#LINE#>Narander@Kumar,Priyanka@Chaudhary<#LINE#>53-59<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IVC-2015-05CITS-002.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Computer Science B.B.A. University (A central University), Lucknow, INDIA <#LINE#>/1/2015<#LINE#>/1/2015<#LINE#>With the advancement of electronic commerce technology and the use of credit card and other types of on-line–transaction facilities has increased in present modern era. In electronic commerce system, credit card is the most prominent idea due to development of the information technology around the wide world. Offline and online both accepted mode are used in present time. Credit card and on-line–transactions is becoming most common payment mode for providing cashless shopping in all over countries or world. It will be provide a convenient approach for online purchasing, payment bills etc. As becoming credit is convenient way for purchasing, fraud are also rising similar way. To distinguish fraud and genuine customer in such extremely sparse data environment is becoming more and more challenging. This paper provides the Prevention Technique from Hackers and Trackers in on-line-Transactions and verification also. To detect the fraud on credit card as well as other on line facilities which are provided by the different companies or organizations is significant for companies and their customers. It has not been prevented fraudulent transaction form being exonerated and the company must gain this type of the financial value of transaction. To minimize penalty of companies that is associated with higher cost and its interest rates also cause of unauthorized access<#LINE#> @ @  Rahimi A., Mohammadi S. and Rahimi R., An efficient Iris authentication using chaos theory-based cryptography for e-commerce transactions, Internet Technology and Secured Transactions, International Conference for ICITST 2009, 1-6 (2009) @No $ @ @ , 53-59 (2015) @No $ @ @ Murdoch S.J., Drimer S., Anderson R. and Bond M., Chip and PIN is Broken, IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), 433-446 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sherly K.K., Nedunchezhian R., BOAT adaptive credit card fraud detection system, IEEE  International Conference on  Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), 1-7(2010) @No $ @ @ Lee, Yuh-Jye et.al., Yeh, Yi-Ren, Wang, Yu-Chiang Frank, Anomaly Detection via Online Oversampling Principal Component Analysis, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1460-1470 (2013) @No $ @ @ Himanshu Gupta, Vinod Kumar Sharma, Role of multiple encryption in secure electronic transaction, International Journal of Network Security and Its Applications (IJNSA), 3(6), 89-96 (2011) @No $ @ @ Zhang Boping and Shang Shiyu, An Improved SET Protocol, Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Information Processing (ISIP’09), 267-272 (2009) @No $ @ @ Anjali Dadhich, Dr. Surendra Kumar Yadav, Evolutionary Algorithms, Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Immune Systems applied to Cryptography and Cryptanalysis: State-of-the-art review, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering and Technology (IJARCET), 3(6), 2112-2120 (2014) @No $ @ @ Avinash Ingole, R.C. Thool, Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Hidden Markov Model and Its Performance, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 3(6), 626-632 (2013) @No $ @ @ Alka Herenj, Susmita Mishra, Secure Mechanism for Credit Card Transaction Fraud Detection System, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2(2), 1244-1248 (2013) @No $ @ @ Krishna Kumar Tripathi et.al., Lata Ragha, “Hybrid Approach for Credit Card Fraud Detection”, International   Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), 3(4), 8-11 (2013) @No $ @ @  S.O. Falaki et.al., B.K. Alese, O.S. Adewale, J.O. Ayeni, G.A. Aderounmu and W.O. Ismaila, Probabilistic Credit Card Fraud Detection System in Online Transactions, International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications et.al., 6(4), 69-78(2012) @No $ @ @ A. Prakash and C. Chandrasekar, A parameter optimized approach for improving credit card fraud detection, IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science, 10(1), 360-366 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ranjit kumar, Sandeep Raj, Design and Analysis of Credit Card Fraud Detection Based on HMM, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), 2(3), 332-334 (2012) @No $ @ @ Narander kumar, Priyanka chaudhary, Minimize cyber losses in cyber world through the optimization technique, Ďntenational journal of computer science, 96(20), 18-22 (2014) @No $ @ @ http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17904_01/core.1111/e10105/ sslconfig.htm (2015) @No $ @ @ Cisco Systems, Introduction to Secure Sockets Layer. 17. H. Otrok, Security testing and evaluation of Cryptographic Algorithms (2003) @No $ @ @  Otrok H. Haraty and R. El-Kassar A.N., Improving the Secure Socket Layer Protocol by modifying its Authentication functions, Automation Congress, 2006. WAC '06. World, 1-6 (2006) @No $ @ @  Parshotam, Rupinder Cheema and Aayush Gulati, Improving the Secure Socket Layer by Modifying the RSA Algorithm, International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA), 2(3), 79-86 (2012) @No
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Clostridial Dermatitis: A New Concern among Turkey Farmers<#LINE#>KrutiDebnath@Mandal,PradeeptaKumar@Rath<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IVC-2015-02AVFS-004.pdf<#LINE#>Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA @ Division of Poultry Science, Central Avian Research Institute, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA <#LINE#>11/3/2015<#LINE#>20/5/2015<#LINE#>Clostridial dermatitis (CD) which was previously known with various names such as cellulitis, gangrenous dermatitis, malignant edema, spontaneous Clostridial myonecrosis etc. has come out as an emerging disease in Turkey bird farming. Gangrenous dermatitis was thought to be caused due to a number of organisms like Clostridium septicum, Clostridium perfringens type A, Clostridium sordelli, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus sp. But recently, more reports have been published in support of Clostridium spp. as the major causative agent of dermatitis. The clinical signs like reduced growth, deprived appetite, ataxia, and oedema in muscles of the lower abdomen and inner thighs are characteristics of this disease. Gross lesions includes excessive congested musculature accompanied by serosanguinuous fluid accumulation and emphysema. There were areas of areas of gas crepitation on breast and thighs muscles and sloughing of skin. Mortality in farms recorded to increase in 17-20 week age group of Turkey birds. From 2008, it has been continuously ranked under top three diseases issue of turkey farms of US. Because of mortality at marketing age, increase condemnation of carcass and expensive medicinal treatment, turkey farmers have to suffer significant economic loss. Therefore in this article we have tried to discuss the risk factors, prevention and control of disease by managemental means and recent development of vaccines and other possible strategic control measures. It can be noted that as this issue is relatively new to Turkey industry, so there is less availability of conclusive published articles and various essential research are ongoing in different labs. <#LINE#> @ @ USDA. 2012. Poultry 2010, Clostridial Dermatitis on U.S. Turkey-Grower Farms. USDA–APHIS–VS–CEAH–NAHMS. Fort Collins, CO #645.0612. Available from: http:// www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms /poultry/downloads/poultry10/Poultry10_dr_Clostridial Dermatitis.pdf @No $ @ @ Okonkwo C. and Madubuike K.G., An Outbreak of Gangrenous Dermatitis in Broiler Chickens Reared on Battery Cage Operation in Umuahia, Abia State Nigeria, J. Vet. Adv., 5(1), 819-825 (2015) @No $ @ @ Carr D., Shaw D., Halvorson D.A., Rings B. and Roepke D., Excessive mortality in market-age turkeys associated with cellulitis, Avian Dis., (40), 736–741 (1996) @No $ @ @ Olkowski A.A., Kumor L., Johnson D., Bielby M., Chirino- Trejo M. and Classen H.L., Cellulitis lesions in commercial turkeys identified during processing, Vet. Rec., (145), 228–229 (1999) @No $ @ @ Rahimi S., Kathariou S., Grimes J.L and Siletzky R.M., Effect of direct-fed microbials on performance and Clostridium perfringens colonization of turkey poults, Poultry Science, (90), 2656–2662 (2011) @No $ @ @ Clark S., Porter  R., McComb  B., Lipper  R., Olson  S., Nohner  S. and Shivaprasad  H. L. Clostridial dermatitis and cellulitis: an emerging disease of turkeys. Avian Dis., (54), 788–794 (2010) @No $ @ @ Animal and Plant Health Service (APHIS). Clostridial Dermatitis in U.S. commercial Turkeys and Broilers. APHIS Info Sheet, November, USDA. (2011) @No $ @ @ Thachil A.J., McComb B., Andersen M.M., Shaw D.P., Halvorson D.A. and Nagaraja K.V., Role of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum in causing turkey cellulitis, Avian Dis.,(54), 795–801 (2010) @No $ @ @ Tellez G., Pumford N.R., Morgan M.J., Wolfenden A.D. and Hargis B.M., Evidence for Clostridium septicum as a primary cause of cellulitis in commercial turkeys, J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., (21), 374–377 (2009) @No $ @ @ Neumann A.P., Dunham S.M., Rehberger T.G. and Siragusa G.R. Quantitative real-time PCR assay for Clostridium septicum in poultry gangrenous dermatitis associated samples, Molecular and Cellular Probes,(24), 211-218 (2010) @No $ @ @ Cato E.P., George W.L and Finegold S.M., Genus Clostridium Prazmowski, In Sneath, P.H.A., N., Mair S., Sharpe M. E. and Holt J. G. (ed.), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 1. 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Midwest Poultry Federation Convention, St. Paul, MN, (2007) @No $ @ @ Smith-Slatas C.L., Bourque M. and Salazar J.C., Clostridium septicum infections in children: a case report and review of the literature, Pediatrics, (117), 796–805 (2006) @No $ @ @ Susan E.A., Breast blisters. In: The Merck veterinary manual, 8th ed. Merck and Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, 675–676 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bernheimer A.W., Parallelism in the lethal and haemolytic activity of the toxin of Cl. Septicum, J. Exp. Med., (80), 309-320 (1944), 1-6 (2015) @No $ @ @ Melton J.A., Parker M.W., Rossjohn J., Buckley J.T. and Tweten R.K., The identification and structure of the membrane-spanning domain of the Clostridium septicum alpha toxin, J. Biol. Chem. (279), 14315–14322 (2004) @No $ @ @ Melton-Witt J.A., Bentsen L.M. and Tweten R.K., Identification of functional domains of Clostridium septicum alpha toxin, Biochemistry, (45), 14347–14354 (2006) @No $ @ @ Swiatek P.J., Allen S.D., Siders J.A. and Lee C.H., DNase production by Clostridium septicum, J. Clin. Microbiol. (25), 437-438 (1987) @No $ @ @ Princewill T.J. and Oakley C.L., Deoxyribonucleases and hyaluronidases of Clostridium septicum and Clostridium chauvoei. III. Relationship between the two organisms, Med. Lab. 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Goldad B.G., Laarveld B. and Van Kessel A.G., Effect of dietary protein source and level on intestinal populations of Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens, Poult. Sci., (83), 414–420 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kaldhusdal M. and Skjerve E., Association between cereal contents in the diet and incidence of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens in Norway, Prev. Vet. Med., (28), 1–16, (1996) @No $ @ @ Shane S. M., Gyimah, J.E., Harrington K. S. and Snider T. G. III, Etiology and pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis, Vet. Res. Commun., (9), 269–287 (1985) @No $ @ @ Chai T, Müller W and Zucker B.A., Airborne microorganisms in animal stables. 1. Anaerobic airborne bacteria in a calf stable with special regard to Clostridium perfringens, Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 110(1), 1–4 (1997) @No $ @ @ Best E.L., Fawley W.N., Parnell P. and Wilcox M.H., The potential for airborne dispersal of Clostridium difficile from symptomatic patients, Clin. Infect. Dis, 50(11), 1450–1457 (2010) @No $ @ @ Keessen E.C., Donswijk C.J., Hol S.P., Hermanus C., Kuijper E.J. and Lipman L.J., Aerial dissemination of Clostridium difficile on a pig farm and its environment, Environ. Res., 111(8), 1027–1032 (2011) @No $ @ @ Pillai S.D., Widmer K.W., Dowd S.E. and Ricke S.C, Occurrence of airborne bacteria and pathogen indicators during land application of sewage sludge, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62(1), 296–299 (1996) @No $ @ @ Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) .Veterinary Services Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health. Risk Factors Associated with Clostridial Dermatitis on U.S. Turkey-grower Farms. (August 2012) (http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/poultry/downloads/poultry10/ Poultry10_is_RiskFactors.pdf) @No $ @ @ Thachil J., McComb B., Early M.M., Heeder C. and Nagaraja K.V., Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum toxoid to control cellulitis in turkeys, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 21(2), 358-366 (2012) @No $ @ @ Lancto C.A., Foster L.K., Kromm M.M., McComb B., Williams J., Luke J., Carnes, A., Hodgson C.P. and Foster D.N., A noncytolytic  toxin recombinant protein protects turkeys against Clostridium septicum challenge, Avian Dis., 58(4), 566-571 (2014) @No $ @ @ Huff G.R., Huff W.E. and Ratha N.C., Effects of vitamin d and yeast extract supplementation on turkey mortality and clostridial dermatitis incidence in a dexamethasone immunosuppression model, Avian diseases, (58), 572–578 (2014) @No $ @ @ Aberg K.M., Radek K.A., Choi E.H., Kim D.K., Demerjian M., Hupe M., Kerbleski J., Gallo R.L., Ganz T., Mauro T., Feingold K.R. and Elias P.M., Psychological stress down regulates epidermal antimicrobial peptide expression and increases severity of cutaneous infections in mice, J. Clin. 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<#LINE#>QTL Mapping: A Tool for Improvement in Crop plants<#LINE#>Shaukeen@Khan<#LINE#>7-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IVC-2015-01AFS-002.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan- 313001, INDIA <#LINE#>16/1/2015<#LINE#>13/5/2015<#LINE#>It is review paper and highlighting the importance of QTL Mapping in Crop plants. A QTL is defined as “a region of the genome or locus of gene that is associated with an effect on a quantitative trait”. It is coined by Gelderman . Conceptually, a QTL can be a single gene, or it may be a group of linked genes that affect the trait. QTL mapping based on linkage and marker trait association can be effectively used for gene pyramiding, germplasm screening of diversified material for abiotic (salinity, cold, salt, drought) and biotic stresses (disease, pest) etc. The identification and location of specific genes mediating quantitative characters is having great importance in plant breeding. Proper development and understanding of the statistical background is essential for QTL mapping. A quantitative trait which is controlled by several genes, all the genes having small effects, additive in nature and is more affected by environment. Molecular markers are used to map QTL’s. Mapping population includes F2, back crosses, recombinant inbred lines, and double haploids lines. Strong linkage disequilibrium at marker loci and allele of linked loci controlling the trait is essential feature of such type of population. QTL mapping is required Non-random mating populations. Objectives of QTL mapping is to offer direct mean to investigate the number of genes influencing the trait, to find out the location of the gene that affect traits of interest, to know the effect of genes on variation of the trait, to carry out study on linkage between genes of interest. The basic Principle is the co- segregation of marker locus and QTL together. Co-segregation is due to linkage between marker and QTL. Methods used for QTL mapping are single markerapproach (SMA), simple interval mapping (SIM), compositeinterval mapping (CIM), multiple interval mapping(MIM). Various Factors affecting QTL mapping are number of genes controlling the target traits and their position, heritability of the traits, type and size of mapping population used in QTL mapping, type and number of markers in linkage maps, statistical method used. <#LINE#> @ @ Angaji S.A., QTL Mapping: A Few Key points. 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Science, 277, 1063-1066 (1997) @No $ @ @ Tanksley S.D., Young N.D., Paterson A.H. and Bonierbale M., RFLP mapping in plant breeding: New tools for an old science, Biotechnology,7, 257–264 (1989) @No $ @ @ Taramino G. and Tingey S., Simple sequence repeats for germplasm analysis and mapping in maize, Genome 39,277–287 (1996) @No $ @ @ Vos P., Hogers R., Bleeker M., Reijans M., van de Lee T., Hoernes M., Frijters A., Pot J., Peleman J., Kuiper M. and Zabeau M., AFLP: A new technique for DNA fingerprinting, Nucleic Acids Res,23, 4407–4414 (1995) @No $ @ @ Welsh J. and McClelland M., Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary primers, Nucleic Acids Res18,7213–7218 (1990) @No $ @ @ Williams J., Kubelik A., Livak K., Rafalski J. and Tingey S., DNA Polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers, Nucleic Acids Res,18,6531–6535 (1990) @No $ @ @ Yano M., Katayose Y., Ashikari M., Yamanouchi U., Monna I., Fuse T., Baba T. and Zeng Z.B., Precision mapping of quantitative trait loci, Genetics, 136, 1457-1468 (1994) @No $ @ @ Zou W. and Zeng Z.B., Statistical Methods for Mapping Multiple QTL, International Journal of Plant Genomics,(2008) @No
<#LINE#>A Clinical Research Study on the Efficacy of Homoeopathic Medicines in cases of Recurrent Tonsillitis<#LINE#>Babita@Rasheed<#LINE#>13-15<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IVC-2015-9FMS-001.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Homoeopathic Pharmacy, Rajasthan Vidyapeeth Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Dabok, Udaipur, INDIA <#LINE#>/1/2015<#LINE#>/1/2015<#LINE#> Tonsillitis means the inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils, the small glands at the back of the throat behind the tongue. Bacterial, viral infections and other immunologic factors are responsible for tonsillitis and its complications. Nearly all children experience at least one episode of tonsillitis5. Multiple episodes of tonsillitis disturbs the quality of life and may lead to other complications. This clinical study was undertaken with an aim to prove the efficacy of Homoeopathic medicines in cases of Recurrent Tonsillitis at Rajasthan Vidyapeeth Homoepathic Medical College and Hospital, Dabok and at my own clinic, in which 30 cases were included, maximum cases were below 18-20 years of age, Homoeopathic Medicines Baryta carb, Silicea, Hep. Sulph, Bella, Lachesis, Psorinum. Ars alb were prescribed on the totality of symptoms which prov beneficial for all the cases and thus the efficacy of Homoeopathic Medicines was proved in the treatment of Recurrent Tonsillitis.  <#LINE#> @ @  http://en,wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsillitis (2015) @No $ @ @  Ghai O.P., Essentials Pediatrics, 6th Edition, 16 A, Narainall, New Delhi, (2008) @No $ @ @  Raue C.G., M.D., 4th Edition, Reprint, Special Pathology and Diagnostic with Therapeutic Hints, B. Jain Publisher (P) Ltd., New Delhi, (1990) @No $ @ @  Chamberlain’s Symptoms and Signs in clinical medicine, 11th Edition, E.L.B.S., (1992) @No $ @ @  Allen J.H., Reprint Edition, The Chronic Miasm Psora and Psedopsora, B. Jain Publisher (P) Ltd., New Delhi, (1999) @No $ @ @  Hahnemann Dr. S.C.F, The Chronic Disease and their Peculiar Nature and their Homoeopathic Cure, B Jain Publisher (P) Ltd., New Delhi, (2002) @No $ @ @  Allen H.C., Allen’s Key Notes with Nosodes, B Jain Publisher (P) Ltd., New Delhi, (1999) @No $ @ @  Boericke W., 9th Edition, New Manual of Homoeopathic Materia Medica and Repertory; Augmented, B. Jain Publisher (P) Ltd., New Delhi, (2000) @No $ @ @  http://Shawchiropracticclinic.co.uk/condition/Tonsillitis (2015) @No $ @ @  Jain, Dr. Pravin, Essentials of Pediatrics 2nd Edition, Nitya Publications 2121st Floor, New Mahabir building, Matunga, Mumbai (2004) @No $ @ @   Kent J.T., 2nd Edition Repertory of Homoeopathic Materia Medica, 6th Edition, B Jain Publisher (P) Ltd., New Delhi, (1995) @No $ @ @   Samuel Lilienthal, Homeopathic Therapeutics, B. Jain Publishers, reprint, (2004) @No
<#LINE#>Oleo-gum-resin of Ferula asafoetida: A traditional culinary spice with versatile pharmacological activities<#LINE#>Arshiya@Sultana,K.@Asma,Rahman@Khaleequr,Rahman@Shafeequr<#LINE#>16-22<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IVC-2015-13PCS-003.pdf<#LINE#>1Dept of Amraze Niswan wa Qabalat (OBG), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA @ Dept. of Ilmus Saidla (Pharmacy), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA @ Dept. of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), Al-Farooq Unani Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA <#LINE#>/1/2015<#LINE#>/1/2015<#LINE#> Ferula asafoetida (family: Umbelliferae) is a monoecious, herbaceous, perennial plant. Oleo-gum-resin of Ferula asafoetida is exudates obtained from the rhizome of this plant. Asafoetida is inhabitant to central Asia, eastern Iran to Afghanistan. However, asafoetida is not inhabitant of India. It is grown chiefly in Afghanistan and Iran, and from these areas it is exported to the entire world. Asafoetida is in use from ancient times in Indian medicine and cookery as a spice. It is also used in folk phytomedicine since antiquity in traditional medicine for the treatment of several neurological (epilepsy, paralysis, hysterias and depression), gastrointestinal (intestinal parasites, flatulence, weak digestion, stomach ache), respiratory (influenza, asthma), and reproductive disorders (premature labour, unusually painful, difficult and excessive menstruation, leucorrhoea, and infertility). Traditionally, it has carminative, antispasmodic, digestive, aphrodisiac, emmenagogue, sedative and diuretic properties. Recently, antispasmodic and hypotensive, antinociceptive, antioxidant, anxiolytic, aphrodisiac, antiviral, antidiabetic, gastric anti-ulcer, antiseptic, nephroprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer properties are proven pharmacologically and biologically in animal models and humans. This article is an attempt to explore and assemble the various pharmacological actions of the oleo-gum-resin of Ferula asafoetida reported till date.  <#LINE#> @ @  Golmohammadi F. Medical plant of Ferula assafoetida and its cultivating, main characteristics and economical importance in South Khorasan province - east of Iran, Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences., 3(18), 2334-46 (2013) @No $ @ @  Mahendra P. and Bisht S. Ferula asafoetida: Traditional uses and pharmacological activity, Pharmacogn Rev., 6(12), 141–46 (2012) @No $ @ @  Kareparamban J.A., Nikam P.H., Jadhav A.P. and Kadam V.J., Ferula foetida “Hing”: A Review, Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci., 3(2),775-86 (2012) @No $ @ @  Alqasoumi S., Anxiolytic effect of Ferula assafoetida L. in rodents, J. Pharmacognosy. Phytother, 4(6), 86-90 (2012) @No $ @ @  Baitar I., Jami al Mufradat al Advia wal Aghzia. Vol II. New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, 46-7 (2000) @No $ @ @  Said HM, the ed. Hamdard Pharmacopeia of Eastern Medicine. New Delhi: Sriisatguru Publications, 385 (1997) @No $ @ @  Anonymous, The Unani Pharmacopeia of India. Part-1. Vol-1. New Delhi: Dept. of AYUSH, 36-37 (2007) @No $ @ @  Kabeeruddin M., Makhzanul Mufradat. New Delhi: Idarae Kitabus Shifa, 261 (2007) @No $ @ @  Attar Z., Ikhterate Badeeyi. New Delhi: Munshi Naval Kishore, 135 (1998) @No $ @ @  Khare CP, Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary. New Delhi: Springer India (P) Ltd, 263 (2007) @No $ @ @  Anonymous. The Wealth of India. Vol IV. 1st ed. New Delhi: CSIR, 20-21 (2002) @No $ @ @  Anonymous. Standardisation of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine. Part III. New Delhi: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, 104-8 (1997) @No $ @ @ , 16-22 (2015) @No $ @ @ Bagheri S.M., Dashti-R M.H. and Morshedi A., Antinociceptive effect of Ferula assafoetida oleo-gum- resin in mice, Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences., 9(3), 207-12 (2014) @No $ @ @  Dehpour A.A., Ebrahimzadeh M.A., Nabavi S.F. and Nabavi S.M., Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Ferula assa-foetida and its essential oil composition, Grasasy Aceites., 60, 405-12 (2009) @No $ @ @ Iranshahi M., Askari M., Sahebkar A., pavlou H. and Litina D., Evaluation of antioxidant, antiinflammatory and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities of the prenylated coumarin umbelliprenin, DARU., 17, 99–103 (2009) @No $ @ @ Iranshahi M., Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin)- a review, J. Ethnopharmacol., 134, 1-10 (2011) @No $ @ @ Moghadam F.H., Zarch B.V. and Shafiei M., Double-edged effect of gum-resin of Ferula asafoetida on lifespan of neurons, Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci., 16, 668-71 (2013) @No $ @ @  Homayouni Moghadam F., Dehghan M., Zarepur E., Dehlavi R., Ghaseminia F. and Ehsani S., et al. Oleo gum resin of Ferula assa-foetida L. ameliorates peripheral neuropathy in mice, J. Ethnopharmacol., 154(1), 183-9 (2014) @No $ @ @  Fatehi M., Farifteh F. and Fatehi-Hassanabad Z., Antispasmodic and hypotensive effects of Ferula asafoetida gum extract, J. Ethnopharmacol., 91, 321-24 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gundamaraju R. Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of Ferula foetida “Hing- A natural Indian spice” aqueous extract, Asian Pac. J. Trop. Dis., 3(3),189-91 (2013) @No $ @ @  Alqasoumi S., Al-Dosari M., Al-Howiriny T., Al-Yahya M., Al-Mofleh I. and Rafatullah S. Gastric antiulcer activity of a pungent spice Ferula assafoetida L. in rats, Farmacia., 59(6), 750-759 (2011) @No $ @ @  Dandagi P.M., Patil M.B., Mastiholimath V.S., Gadad A.P. and Dhumansure R.H. Development and Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Polyherbal Formulation Containing Some Indigenous Medicinal Plants, Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 70(2), 265-268 (2008) @No $ @ @ Gholamnezhad Z., Byrami G., Boskabady M.H. and Iranshahi M., Possible mechanism(s) of the relaxant effect of asafoetida (Ferula assa-foetida) oleo-gum-resin extract on guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle, Avicenna J. Phytomed., 2(1), 10-16 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kassis E., Fulder S., Khalil K., Hadieh B., Nahhas F., Saad B. and Said O. Efficacy and safety assessments of Ferula assa-foetida L. traditionally used in Greco-Arab herbal medicine for enhancing male fertility, libido and erectile function, The Open Complementary Medicine Journal., 1, 102-9 (2009) @No $ @ @ Javaid R., Aslam M., Javaid R., Nizami Q., Javed K. and Azhar M.U. Extract of Ferula foetida regel reverses gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats, EXCLI Journal., 11,760-66 (2012) @No $ @ @ Azizian H., Rezvani M. E., Esmaeilidehaj M. and Bagheri S.M. Anti-Obesity, Fat Lowering and Liver Steatosis Protective Effects of Ferula asafoetida Gum in Type 2 Diabetic Rats: Possible Involvement of Leptin, Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity., 4(3), 120-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Akhlaghi F., Rajaei Z., Hadjzadeh M., Iranshahi M. and Alizadeh M., Antihyperglycemic Effect of Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida Oleo-Gum-Resin) in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats, World Appl. Sci. J., 17(2),157-162 (2012) @No $ @ @ Abu-Zaiton A.S. Anti-diabetic activity of Ferula assafoetida extract in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats, Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 13, 97-100 (2010) @No $ @ @ Helal E.G.E., Mostafa A.M., Mahmood A.F. and Kahwash A.A., Hypoglycemic and hyperinsulinemic effects of Ferula asafoetida on diabetic male albino rats. Eygpt J Hospt. Med. 21, 95-108 (2005) @No $ @ @  Al-Awadi F. and Shoukry M., The lipid lowering effect of an anti-diabetic plant extract, Acta Diabetol., 25,1–5 (1988) @No $ @ @ Ghannadia A., FattahianaK., Shokoohinia Y., Behbahanic M. and Shahnoush A., Anti-Viral Evaluation of Sesquiterpene Coumarins from Ferula assa-foetida against HSV-1, Iranian J. Pharm. Res., 12(2), 523-530 (2014) @No $ @ @ Sadoughi S.D., Effect of aqueous extract of Ferula asafoetida’s resin on wound healing of Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, Quarterly of the Horizon of Medical Sciences., 19(3),129-35 (2013) @No $ @ @  Mishra N. and Behal K.K., Chemopreventive activity of some spices against selected cell line, Pelagia Research Library Der Pharmacia Sinica., 2(1), 31-35 (2011) @No $ @ @  Nigam U. and Sachan S., Evaluation of Ferula asafoetida for its anticancerous activity in different countries, J. Pharmacognosy Phytochem., 2(4),74-76 (2013) @No 
<#LINE#>Musculoskeletal Disorders among Teachers Residing in Various Nations: A Review<#LINE#>S.@Mesaria,N.@Jaiswal<#LINE#>23-27<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IVC-2015-20SHS-010.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Family and Community Resource Management, Faculty of Family and Community Sciences, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>/1/2015<#LINE#>/1/2015<#LINE#> Every nation gives priority to their schools and the teachers. The teachers are responsible for the overall physical and mental development of their students. The researcher wanted to find out the musculoskeletal disorder among the school teachers residing in various nations and give recommendations for the teachers. The researcher had gathered information from primary and secondary sources regarding the books and researches published on teachers and prevalence musculoskeletal disorder published in various nations. The findings reviled that, the school teachers of Turkey, China, Australia, Brazil, Sweden, USA, Germany, Estonia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, France and Greece, have demonstrated relative to other occupational groups, a high prevalence of MSD. School teachers are among the group which appears to suffer from MSD. Due to long work hours, dissatisfaction from work, work environment, stress, low family and community support are related to Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). The teachers reported respectively musculoskeletal pain at specific body parts like neck, shoulder, low back, hand, wrist and knees. The future education professional should be informed about the musculoskeletal risks associated with their future occupation.  <#LINE#> @ @  http://www.preservearticles.com/201102244172/7-essential-functions-of-a-school-as-an-agency-of-education.html, (2012) @No $ @ @  http://www.child-development.html, (2012) @No $ @ @  http://www.schooldee.com/importance-of-teachers-in-our-society.php, (2012) @No $ @ @  http://www.teachersfirst.nl/Teaching/TheImportanceofTeachers/tabid/236/Default.aspx, (2012) @No $ @ @  Chan E. and Chong A., Subjective health complaints of teachers from primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong, International Journal of occupational safety ergonomics (JOSE), 16(1), 23–39 (2010) @No $ @ @  Szeto G., Potential health problems faced by an Asian youth population with increasing trend for computer use (2003), cited in Joshi, S. Walter N. and Qureshi M., Proceedings of the National Seminar on Ergonomic Research Techniques, Delhi. Wisdom Publication (2010) @No $ @ @ Grandjean E. and Hunting W., Ergonomics of Posture: Review of Various Problems of Standing and Sitting Posture, Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 8, London. London Publication, (1997) @No $ @ @ http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_role_of_the_teacher_in_the_community, (2012) @No $ @ @ Samad N., Abdullah H., Moin S., Shamsul B., Tamrin M. and Hashim Z., Prevalence of Low Back Pain and its Risk Factors among School Teachers, American Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(5), 634-639 (2010) @No $ @ @ Marras W., Cutlip R., Burt S. and Waters T., National occupational research agenda (NORA) future directions in occupational musculoskeletal disorder health research, Journal of Applied Ergonomics, 40(1), 15–22 (2009) @No $ @ @  Erick P. and Smith D., A systematic review of musculoskeletal disorders among school teachers, Journal of BMC Musculoskeletal Disorder, 12, 260 (2011) @No $ @ @ Piliastrini P., Mugnai R., Bertozz L., Costi S., Curti S., Mattioli S. and Violante F., Effectiveness of an at-work exercise program in the prevention and management of neck and low back complains in nursery school teacher, Journal of Health, 47(4), 349-354 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chiu W., Ku Y., Lee H., Sum, K., Wan, P., Wong, Y. and Yuen, K., A Study on the Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Neck Pain among University Academic Staff in Hong Kong, Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 12(2), 77-91 (2002) @No $ @ @ Lau E., Sham A. and Wong K., The prevalence of and risk factors for neck pain in Hong Kong Chinese, Journal of Public Health Med, 18(4), 396–399 (1996) @No $ @ @  Health and Safety Executives, Health and safety statistics 1996/1997. London, London. HSE Books Publication (1996) @No $ @ @  Neeraja T., Musculoskeletal discomfort and work stress among software professionals, cited in Joshi S., Walter N. and Qureshi M., Proceedings of the National Seminar On Ergonomic Research Techniques, Delhi. Wisdom Publication (2010) @No $ @ @ Thomsen J., Mikkelsen S., Andersen J., Follentin N., Loft I., Frost P., Koergoard A. and Bonde J., Risk factors for hand-wrist disorders in repetitive work, Journal of Occupational Environment Medicine, 64(8), 527–533 (2007) @No $ @ @  Yue P., Liu F. and Li L., Neck /shoulder pain and low back pain among school teachers in china, prevalence and risk factors, Journal of BMC Public Health., 14(12), 789  (2012), 23-27 (2015) @No $ @ @ Sim J., Lacey RJ. and Lewis M., The impact of workplace risk factors on the occurrence of neck and upper limb pain: a general population study, Journal of BMC Public Health, 19(6), 234 (2006) @No $ @ @ Chiu TT and Lam PK., The prevalence of and risk factors for neck pain and upper limb pain among secondary school teachers in Hong Kong, Journal of Occupational  Rehabilitation, 17(1), 19-32 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tsuboi H., Takeuchi K., Watanabe M., Hori R. and Kobayashi F., Psychosocial Factors Related to Low Back Pain among School Personnel in Nagoya, Japan, Journal of Industrial Health, 40, 266–271 (2002) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Backyard Poultry Farming In India: A Call for Skill Upliftment<#LINE#>PradeeptaKumar@Rath,KrutiDebnath@Manda,,Pratikshya,@Panda<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IVC-2015-2AVFS-003.pdf<#LINE#>Division of Poultry Science, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA @ Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA @ College of veterinary science and animal husbandry’ and OUAT, Odisha, INDIA   <#LINE#>11/3/2015<#LINE#>14/5/2015<#LINE#>Poultry farming has become a remunerative business and pre-eminence over all other livestock enterprises in the developing countries. It carries a scope for quick and large profit. In recent years, backyard poultry production has been extremely emphasised in sustaining and enhancing rural livelihoods. In this farming, birds are kept in low-input and low- output system and can easily be managed by women and children of the households. Now-a-days as there is growing concern about meeting of per capita requirement of protein for rural citizens of India, poutry meat and especially eggs have been proved to be the best and cheapest solution to this. Though India has shown a tremendous growth in poultry production over decades, rural poultry farming is still lagging behind and always found neglected. As it is the best alternative for the small scale farmers to their subsidiary income with negligible input, this farming system needs an upliftment. Therefore the sole objective of this review is to focus on various aspects of backyard poultry farming in rural India including basic understandings, it’s advantages, different government schemes and some technical tips for better management practises which the authors think will raise more awareness among farmers ,researchers and Government organisations. <#LINE#> @ @ Ali J., Livestock sector development and implications for rural poverty alleviation in India, Livest. Res. Rural Dev.,19(2), (2007) @No $ @ @ Khan A.A. and Bidabadi F.S., Livestock Revolution in India: Its Impact and Policy Response, South Asia Res.,24(2), 99-122 (2004) @No $ @ @ Annual Report 2013-14 by Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries. Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, Available from: http://www.dahd.nic. in/. Retrieved on 07-03-2015 @No $ @ @ Conroy C., Sparks N., Chandrasekaran D., Sharma A., Shindey D., Singh L.R., Natarajan A. and Anitha K., Improving backyard poultry-keeping: a case study from India. Paper no. 146, Agricultural Research and Extension Network (AgREN)(2005) @No $ @ @ Dolberg, Frands, Review of Household Poultry Production as a Tool in PovertyReduction with Focus on Bangladesh and India, in Ahuja, Vinod (Editor),Livestock and Livelihoods: Challenges and Opportunities for Asia in the Emerging Market Environment, National Dairy Development Board, India and Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Facility (South Asia Hub) of FAO (2004) @No $ @ @ Ahuja Vinod and Sen A., Viability and future of small scale commercial poultry production in developing countries, paper presented at International Conference on Poultry in the 21St Century: Avian Influenza and Beyond Bangkok, November 5-7, (2007) @No $ @ @ Otte, Joachim, The Hen Which Lays the Golden Eggs: Why Backyard Poultry are so Popular?, PPLPI Feature, www.fao.org/ag/pplpi.html., (2006) @No $ @ @ Mandal A.B., Tyagi P.K. and Shrivastav A.K., Research Priorities in Poultry Nutrition and Feed Technology to 2020. In: Sasidhar, P.V.K. (Ed.). Poultry Research Priorities to 2020, Proceedings of National Seminar, November 2-3, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 96-114, (2006) @No $ @ @ Dana S.S., Animal husbandry practices among Santal and Lodha tribes of Medinipur district of West Bengal. Ph.D. Thesis, Division of Extension Education, IVRI, Izatnagar, (1998) @No $ @ @ , 1-5 (2015) @No $ @ @ Saha D., Status of rural poultry production in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal. M.V.Sc. Thesis, Division of Extension Education, IVRI, Izatnagar, (2003) @No $ @ @ Okot M.W., A cooperative approach to small-holder poultry production in Uganda. In: CTA Seminar Proceedings, Smallholder Rural Poultry Production, Thessaloniki, Greece, (2), 249-253 (1990) @No $ @ @ Raveloson C., Situation et contraintes de I'aviculture villageoise ŕ Madagascar In: CTA Seminar Proceedings, Smallholder Rural Poultry Produciton, Thessaloniki, Greece, (2), 135-138 (1990) @No $ @ @ Rangnekar D. and Rangnekar S., Traditional poultry production system - A need for fresh look from rural development perspective. XX World's Poultry Congress, New Delhi, 2-5 Sept., 405-408 (1996) @No $ @ @ Singh D.P. and Pani P.K., Aseel's background and foreground, Poultry Guide Feb. 1986, 53-60 (1986) @No $ @ @ Agbede G.B., Teguia A. and Manjeli Y., Survey on traditional poultry production in Cameroon. Tropicultura, 13(1), 22-24 (1995) @No $ @ @ Rashid N., Barua A. and Bulbul S.M., A study on the performance of Khaki Campbell, Desi and Khaki, Campbell X Desi ducks with and without extra feeding under rural conditon of Bangladesh, Asian Australas. J. Anim. 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Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa (2008) @No $ @ @ Pica-Ciamarra U. and Otte J., Poultry, food security and poverty in India: looking beyond the farm gate, PPLPI Research report, www.fao.org/ag/pplpi.html, (2009) @No $ @ @ Shrivastava A., Gupta S.K. and Mishra A.M., Production and marketing of broilers in Jabalpur District of Madhya Pradesh, Agricultural Marketing, 45(3), 5-8 (2002) @No $ @ @ Gawande S.S., Kalita N., Barua N. and Saharia K.K., Indigenous chicken farming in rural conditions of Assam, India, Family Poultry, 17(1-2), 15-29 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ahuja V., Dhawan M., Punjabi M. and Maarse L., Economics of village poultry. Summary. Mimeo. NDDB-FAO South Asia Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Programme, New Delhi (2008) @No $ @ @ Ghosh M.K., Ahmed F.A., Buragohain R., Pathak P.K. and Bhattacharya M., Growth performance of Vanaraja birds in high altitude areas of Arunachal Pradesh under Backyard system of management. XXII Annual conference and National Symposium, Indian Poultry Science Association, Project Directorate on Poultry, Hyderabad, from 2-4 February 2005, 198 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kumaresan A., Bujarbaruah K.M., Pathak K.A., Chettri B., Ahmed S.K. and Haunshi S., Analysis of a village chicken production system and performance of improved dual purpose chickens under a subtropical hill agro- ecosystem in India, Trop. Anim. Health Pro., (40), 395-402 (2008) @No $ @ @ Buragohain R., Ghosh M.K., Ahmed F.A., Pathak P.K. and Bhattacharya M., Growth performance of Vanaraja birds in high altitude areas of Arunachal Pradesh, Indian Vet. J., (84), 302-303 (2007) @No $ @ @ Pathak P.K. and Nath B.G., Rural poultry farming with improved breed of backyard chicken, J. World’s Poult. Res., 3(1), 24-27 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ogunlade I., Adebayo S.A. and Fayeye T.R., Scope and common diseases of rural poultry production by rural women n selected villages of Kwara state, Nigeria, Int. J. Poult. Sci.,12(3), 126-129 (2013) , 1-5 (2015) @No $ @ @ Okitoi L.O., Ondwasy H.O., Obali M.P. and Murekefu F., Gender issues in poultry production in rural households of Western Kenya. Livest, Res. Rural Dev.,(19), Art 17 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kitalyi A.J., Village chicken production systems in rural Africa. Household food security and gender issue, FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 142. Rome, Italy, 160 (1998) @No $ @ @ Nielsen H., Roos N. and Thilsted S.H., The Impact of Semi-Scavenging Poultry Production on the Consumption of Animal Source Foods by Women and Girls in Bangladesh, J. Nutr., (133), 4027S-4030S (2003) @No $ @ @ Jensen H.A. and Dolberg F., A Conceptual Framework for using poultry as a Tool in Poverty Alleviation. A paper presented at the International Conference on Staying Poor: Chronic Poverty and Development Policy, IDPM, University of Manchester, April 7 to 9, (2003) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya M., Buragohain R., Ahmed F.A., Pathak P.K. and Ghosh M.K., Laying performance of Vanaraja birds in high altitude areas of Arunachal Pradesh under backyard system of rearing. Conference and National Symposium, Indian Poultry Science Association, Project Directorate on Poultry, Hyderabad, pp 198, from 2-4 February (2005) @No 
<#LINE#>Exploration of Flower Based Natural Dyes - A Review<#LINE#>R.@Singh,S.@Srivastava<#LINE#>6-8<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IVC-2015-07Eng-007.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Home Science, University of Allahabad, U.P. INDIA <#LINE#>4/4/2015<#LINE#>11/5/2015<#LINE#>Nowadays, demand for natural dyes has been growing rapidly due to increased awareness on hazardous, toxic and allergic reactions associated with synthetic dyes. Natural dyes are obtained from natural sources such as plants, insects and minerals. Among all the plant based dye sources i.e. bark, flowers, seeds etc. floral dye sources are more important for textile dyeing as it provides both dye as well as fragrance. This paper reviews the available floral dye sources, application and extraction of colourant from flowers and effect of different mordant.  <#LINE#> @ @ Chandramouli K.V., Sources of natural dyes in India – A compendium with regional name, PPST Foundation, Chennai (1995) @No $ @ @ Jothi D., Extraction of natural dyes from African marigold flower (Tagetes ereecta L.) for textile coloration,AUTEX Research Journal, 8(2), 49-53 (2008) @No $ @ @ Lokesh P. and Swamy M.K., Extraction of natural dyes from Spathodea campanulata and its application on silk fabrics and cotton, Pelagia Research Library Der Chemica Sinica, 4(1), 111-115 (2013) @No $ @ @ Baishya D., Talukdar J. and Sandhya S., Cotton Dying with Natural Dye Extracted from Flower of Bottlebrush (Callistemon Citrinus), Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology,5(2), 377-382 (2012) @No $ @ @ Raja A.S.M. et al. Extraction of Natural Dye from Saffron Flower Waste and its Application on Pashmina fabric.Advances in Applied Science Research,3 (1), 156-161 (2012) @No $ @ @ Deka B. et al. Exploration of plant derived natural dyes in Assam, Asian Journal of Home Science,9(1), 17-20 (2014) @No $ @ @ Siva R., Status of natural dyes and dye yielding plants in India, CurrentScience,92(7), 917-920 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yadav S., Rose, N.M. and Singh, S.S.J. Effect of rein wardtia flowers dye on physical properties of silk fabric, Asian Journal of Home Science,8(1), 250-253 (2013) @No $ @ @ Grover N. and Patni V., Extraction and application of natural dye preparations from the floral part of Woodfordia fruticosa (Linn.) kurz, Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 4(2), 403-408 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kumaresan M., Palanisamy P.N. and Kumar P.E., Application of eco-friendly natural dye on silk using combination of mordants, International Journal of Chemistry Research,2(1), 11-14 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kale S., Naik, S. and Deodhar S., Utilization of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Flower dye on wool using mordant combinations, Natural Product Reliance, 5(1), 19-24 (2005) @No $ @ @ Vankar P.S. and Shanker R., Dyeing Silk, Wool and Cotton with Alcea Rosea Flower. Retrieved October 17, 20014 from http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/ pdffiles /dyeing-silk-wool-and-cotton-with-alcea-rosea-flower.pdf (2015) @No 
<#LINE#>Clostridial Dermatitis: A New Concern among Turkey Farmers<#LINE#>M@KrutiDebnath,@al,Rath@PradeeptaKumar<#LINE#>6-8<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IVC-2015-07Eng-007.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>4/4/2015<#LINE#>11/5/2015<#LINE#>Nowadays, demand for natural dyes has been growing rapidly due to increased awareness on hazardous, toxic and allergic reactions associated with synthetic dyes. Natural dyes are obtained from natural sources such as plants, insects and minerals. Among all the plant based dye sources i.e. bark, flowers, seeds etc. floral dye sources are more important for textile dyeing as it provides both dye as well as fragrance. This paper reviews the available floral dye sources, application and extraction of colourant from flowers and effect of different mordant.  <#LINE#> @ @ Chandramouli K.V., Sources of natural dyes in India – A compendium with regional name, PPST Foundation, Chennai (1995) @No $ @ @ Jothi D., Extraction of natural dyes from African marigold flower (Tagetes ereecta L.) for textile coloration,AUTEX Research Journal, 8(2), 49-53 (2008) @No $ @ @ Lokesh P. and Swamy M.K., Extraction of natural dyes from Spathodea campanulata and its application on silk fabrics and cotton, Pelagia Research Library Der Chemica Sinica, 4(1), 111-115 (2013) @No $ @ @ Baishya D., Talukdar J. and Sandhya S., Cotton Dying with Natural Dye Extracted from Flower of Bottlebrush (Callistemon Citrinus), Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology,5(2), 377-382 (2012) @No $ @ @ Raja A.S.M. et al. Extraction of Natural Dye from Saffron Flower Waste and its Application on Pashmina fabric.Advances in Applied Science Research,3 (1), 156-161 (2012) @No $ @ @ Deka B. et al. Exploration of plant derived natural dyes in Assam, Asian Journal of Home Science,9(1), 17-20 (2014) @No $ @ @ Siva R., Status of natural dyes and dye yielding plants in India, CurrentScience,92(7), 917-920 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yadav S., Rose, N.M. and Singh, S.S.J. Effect of rein wardtia flowers dye on physical properties of silk fabric, Asian Journal of Home Science,8(1), 250-253 (2013) @No $ @ @ Grover N. and Patni V., Extraction and application of natural dye preparations from the floral part of Woodfordia fruticosa (Linn.) kurz, Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 4(2), 403-408 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kumaresan M., Palanisamy P.N. and Kumar P.E., Application of eco-friendly natural dye on silk using combination of mordants, International Journal of Chemistry Research,2(1), 11-14 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kale S., Naik, S. and Deodhar S., Utilization of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Flower dye on wool using mordant combinations, Natural Product Reliance, 5(1), 19-24 (2005) @No $ @ @ Vankar P.S. and Shanker R., Dyeing Silk, Wool and Cotton with Alcea Rosea Flower. Retrieved October 17, 20014 from http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/ pdffiles /dyeing-silk-wool-and-cotton-with-alcea-rosea-flower.pdf (2015) @No $ @ @  @No $
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Analysis of Water after Holi Festival<#LINE#>Sheetal@Vartak<#LINE#>1-2<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IVC-2015-4CS-11.pdf<#LINE#> Viva College, Virar, INDIA <#LINE#>31/3/2015<#LINE#>22/4/2015<#LINE#>In the past, the use of natural colours such as Haldi, Kumkum, Sandal Powder, etc to celebrate Holi festival had a medical significance. However, now a day chemically produced industrial dyes have been used to take their place in the most parts of India. Lack of control over the quality and content of these synthetic colours leads to an adverse effect on all living beings. These colours are highly structured polymers and are very difficult to decompose biologically. The use of heavy metal based colour pigments is reported to cause water pollution. Many times, this polluted water gets mixed with sea water or other water resources. All these combined together is proving to be a substantial environmental threat. This study was taken up with an initiative to determine the extent of effects that the Holi colours have on water and to suggest the alternatives in order to save our environment. In this study the sample of waste water after Holi was tested in the laboratory for different physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, colour, turbidity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, heavy metal using standard methods. The results obtained were verified with permissible limits of World Health Organisation (WHO) in order to determine the effect of Holi colours on water and the calculated risk for all living beings. <#LINE#> @ @ Joy Joseph Gandner and Deepanjali Lal, Impact of Holi on the environment: A scientific study (2012) @No $ @ @ Environmental pollution Rajogopalan S., (2012) @No $ @ @ WHO, World Health Organisation Guidelines for drinking water quality (2012) @No $ @ @ True colours of herbal Holi Lalchandani N., (2012) @No