Research Journal of Recent Sciences _________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502 Vol. 4(IVC-2015), 11-14 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 11 GC-MS Analysis of Fruits of Calotropis procera: A Medicinal Shrub Chandrawat P*. and Sharma R.A. Medicinal Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004 (Rajasthan), INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 2nd February 2015, revised 28th April 2015, accepted 28th May 2015 AbstractThe phyto-components of Calotropis procera Linn. Fruits were screened by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Benzene extract was prepared by soxhlet exract from the fruits of C. procera. GC-MS running time for benzene extract of fruits of C. procera was 45 min. The total number of compounds identified in benzeneic extract was 39. The major phytoconstituents present were Lupenol (12.10), n-Hexadecanoic acid (12.07), Thymol (9.86), Tetratetracontane (6.88) and Linoleic acid (6.74) Many phytosterols were also present such as Stigmasterol (0.70), beta–sitosterol (0.54) and Campesterol (0.31) Keywords: Phyto-components, GC-MS, calotropis procera, benzene extract. Introduction Plants have been a rich source of medicines because having potential bioactive molecules, most of which probably participated as a chemical defense against predation or infectionCalotropis belongs to Asclepiadaceae or Milkweed or Aak family, contains many phytochemicals with potential pharmacological activities.In India C. procera has a great value because of its other uses and economical importance. Arka (C.procera) is using as drug of Ayurveda from the ancient time. The ancient name of the plant in Vedic literature was Arka alluding to the form of leaves which was used in sacrificial rites. All plant parts, viz. root, stem, leaf, flowers and fruits of C. procera are generally use in indigenous system of medicine2,3. It shows anticancer, antifungal and insecticidal activities. Fruits of C. procera exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Therefore, in the present study the major fruit constituents were separated and identified through GC-MS analysis. Material and Methods Plant Material: Fruits of C. procera were collected from local area of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India. They were authenticated from Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. Voucher spaciman no. 9146 was deposited in the university. Extraction: Mature fruits were subjected to shade drying (22C) for two weeks and then processed at laboratory mill. Air dried coarse powder thus obtained (1 kg) was extracted with benzene in soxhlet extractor by continued successive hot extraction method. Finally the marc was collected and concentrated.Parameters of GC-MS Analysis: GC-MS model: Perkin Elmer Autosystem XL with Turbomass, column type: PE-5MS, column material: 5% phenyl polysiloxane, column length: 30 meters, column inner diameter: 0.250 mm, flow rate (N): 1 ml/min, temperature of injector: 250, temperature of detector: 280, temperature of source: 280, temperature of transfer: 280, programming rate: starting from 78 for 5min. Increasing temperature with rate 10/min up to 280 and hold for 20min. Retention time: 45min. Results and Discussion GC-MS running time for benzene extract of fruits of C. procera was 45 min. The total number of compounds identified in benzene extract was 48. The GC-MS retention time (RT) and percentage peak of the individual compounds were demonstrated in table-1, figure-1. The major phytoconstituents present in benzene extract were Lupenol (12.10), n-Hexadecanoic acid (12.07), Thymol(9.86), Tetratetracontane (6.88) and linoleic acid (6.74) Many phytosterols were also present such as stigmasterol (0.70), beta–sitosterol (0.54) and Campesterol (0.31) Conclusion The results reveal that the extracts have a quite number of chemical constituents, which may be responsible for many pharmacological activities. For instance, Lupenol shows anti-inflammatory, anti arthritic activity and wound healing activity, anti-cancer activity. Thymol shows strong antimicrobial activities when used alone or with other biocides such as carvacrol. Thymol can also reduce bacterial resistance to common drugs such as penicillin10 and also exihibts antioxidant properties11,12. Thymol and carvacrol reduce bacterial resistance to antibiotics through a synergistic effect,10 and thymol also act as an effective fungicide13. Thymol also exhibits strong antimutagenic effect14. In addition, it has antitumor properties15. Linoleic acid is using in the beauty products industry. Linoleic acid shows anti-inflammatory, acne reductive, and moisture retentive properties on the skin16,17,18 . Further studies are needed on these extracts in order to isolate, identify, characterize and elucidate the structure of these compounds. Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(IVC-2015), 11-14 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 12 Table-1 Chemical constituents present in the methanolic extract using GC-MS analysis Peak# R.Time Area Area% Name 1 6.774 15747413 9.86 Thymol 2 8.540 530898 0.33 BICYCLO[7.2.0]UNDEC-4-ENE, 4,11,11-TRIMETHYL-8- 3 10.709 131507 0.08 Isotetradecane 4 11.475 129474 0.08 Cyclopentaneacetic acid 5 11.880 633600 0.40 Dotriacontane 6 12.982 590830 0.37 Tetradecane 7 13.744 265853 0.17 Araldite 8 14.024 442101 0.28 Nonadecane 9 14.317 4759207 2.98 Hexadecanoic ACID, Methyl Ester 10 14.924 19283635 12.07 n-Hexadecanoic acid 11 15.957 6208576 3.89 Methyl Linolelaidate 12 16.017 9938878 6.22 Methyl elaidate 13 16.235 258950 0.16 Methyl isostearate 14 16.563 10767781 6.74 Grape seed oil/ Linoleic acid 15 16.720 536566 0.34 Stearic acid 16 17.728 2659304 1.66 Octacosane 17 17.993 268519 0.17 Methyl Icosanoate 18 18.259 237844 0.15 Heptacosanol 19 18.592 462387 0.29 Docosane 20 19.334 763942 0.48 Muscalure 21 19.609 5410795 3.39 Eicosane 22 19.979 239461 0.15 Methyl heneicosanoate 23 20.116 632172 0.40 Dinopol NOP 24 20.684 682643 0.43 Benzyl undecanoate 25 20.820 726075 0.45 Pentatriacontane 26 21.957 2875177 1.80 Behenic Alcohol 27 22.365 6192149 3.88 Eicosane 28 23.548 1283605 0.80 Benzyl Myristate 29 23.989 606614 0.38 Cetane 30 24.918 5504226 3.45 9-Hexacosene 31 25.170 10988698 6.88 Tetratetracontane 32 26.200 150287 0.09 Calciferol 33 26.275 216306 0.14 Hexadecane 34 26.530 237095 0.15 Retinol 35 27.291 2159155 1.35 17-Pentatriacontene 36 27.595 5833002 3.65 Nonacosane 37 29.859 500866 0.31 Campesterol 38 30.340 1111204 0.70 Stigmasterol 39 30.989 432963 0.27 Tetratriacontane 40 31.566 826771 0.52 .beta.-Sitosterol 41 32.359 656752 0.41 Methyl Commate C 42 33.465 809809 0.51 Methyl Commate D 43 34.437 6995138 4.38 Methyl Commate A 44 35.688 5547375 3.47 Methyl Commate D 45 38.328 3119371 1.95 Lupeol acetate 46 38.831 19336700 12.10 Lupenol 47 43.922 1134662 0.71 Beta Amyrene 48 46.149 917572 0.57 Urs-12-ene 159743908 100.00 Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(IVC-2015), 11-14 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 13 Figure-1 GC-MS Chromatogram of Benzene extract of fruits of C. proceraAcknowledgement The authors gratefully acknowledged University Grant Commission (UGC) New Delhi for financial support in the form of Post Doctoral fellowship for Woman. References 1.Ramaprabha M. and Vasantha K., Phytochemical and antibacterial activity of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. flowers, Int. J. of Pharma and Biosciences, 3(1), 1-6 (2012) 2.Mukherjee B., Bose S. and Dutta S. K., Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of fresh flower extract of Calotropis procera Linn., Int. J. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 1(2), 182-187 (2010) 3.Meena A.K., Yadav A. and Rao M.M., Ayurvedic uses and pharmacological activities of Calotropis procera Linn.,Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines, 6(2), 45-53 (2011) 4.Ansari SH, Ali M., Norditerpenic ester and pentacyclic triterpenoids from root bark of Calotropis procera (Ait) R. 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