Abstract
This paper presents an application of LINGO software to allocate the area for production maximization in Jaisamand command area of Udaipur district. The linear programming model was developed and solved in LINGO software. The area allocated for different crop activities in 9,18,21,24 and 30 canal running days was obtained. The optimal food production for maize, soyabean, moong, wheat, mustard, gram and barley in 9,18,21,24 and 30 canal running days obtained as 33454.94, 70278.44, 68502.53, 71987.65 and 72082.02 tonnes with investment of 403.00, 773.78, 797.67, 845.09 and 851.22 million Rs. respectively. The net benefit obtained as 219.55, 58.02, 451.89, 456.06 and 455.43 million Rs. for 9,18,21,24 and 30 canal running days respectively.

Abstract
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector in the world and Tilapia is a major species contributing to the freshwater aquaculture production. Further expansion of aquaculture demands an adequate supply of efficient, nutritious and inexpensive fish feed because feed contributes significantly to the cost and efficiency of fish production. It is estimated that feed costs can account for up to 70% of the total operating cost in aquaculture. Fish nutritionists all over the world are trying to develop cost effective feeds without compromising on the efficacy towards claiming better production levels thus by increasing the profitability. It is a fact that waste generation is a major problem in the vegetable production and marketing sector. The volume of wastes generated and its resultant environmental impacts necessitate the need of utilizing these wastes effectively. Developing cost effective fish feeds from the vegetable wastes have great relevance at present. The current study aims at the utilization of vegetable wastes in the feeds for Nile tilapia, which is a popular species in freshwater aquaculture. The possibility of incorporating vegetable waste in the fish feed was tried through an indoor study in the species comparing the test diets against the fish meal based and clam meal based control feeds. The experimental diet was formulated keeping the overall protein content at 30%. Feeding was done @5% of the body weight per day. Proximate composition of vegetable waste, test diet and the carcass was recorded during the study. FCR, FCE, SGR and % survival were also recorded. Most important water quality parameters were checked on a daily basis and the other factors were analyzed fortnightly. There was significant reduction (P<0.05level) in the weight and length attained by the fish fed with the test diet during the experimental period of 90 days. Organoletptic quality of the raw fish and boiled fish after the rearing period was assessed using Hedonic Scale Scoring method. The results of the study indicate that there is a possibility of incorporating vegetable wastes in the Tilapia-feed though it does not perform as good as the other expensive feeds with fish meal and clam meal. But while considering the cost factor, the inclusion of vegetable waste has real sense. More nutritional studies are warranted in this line especially using other herbivorous fishes like Indian Major Carps towards attaining concordant results.

Abstract
The genus Pseudomonas is a metabolically versatile group of gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacteria. They are common soil-dwelling aerotactic gram-negative proteobacteria with the unique ability to utilize exotic carbon sources for energy. Some members of the genus Pseudomonas are able to metabolize chemical pollutants in the environment, and as a result can be used for bioremediation. Therefore, characterization of various species of Pseudomonas is of significant importance. In the present study four isolates HMR1, HMR4, HMR7 and HMR16 were characterized on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics aided with Probabilistic identification of bacteria (PIB) software. For the isolates, HMR1 and HMR16 identification threshold reached to 1.0 and for the isolates, HMR4 and HMR7 identification threshold reached to 0.98906. Isolate HMR1 and HMR16 were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and isolate HMR4 and HMR7 were identified as Pseudomonas putida.

Abstract
The study was conducted to assess the performance of Kalwande Minor Irrigation Scheme (KMIS) in Chiplun, Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra using various indicators such as output per unit cropped area and water consumed, related to production with land and water. Relative water supply (RWS), irrigation supply (RIS) and water delivery capacity (WDC), related to water supply from the system with crop water demand and financial self sufficiency (FSS) related with collection of fees from water users in the command area. In this study, the performance indicators in Kalwande Minor Irrigation Scheme were determined for year 2013-14; the results were discussed and evaluated. The analysis of agricultural performance indicators showed that the production value of different crops grown in command area were lower than that of the recommended package of practices. The analysis of water use indicators showed that RWS and RIS were calculated as 2.49 and 1.27 respectively indicating the condition of water abundance. The value RWS and RIS was more than one represents that the total water supply is enough to meet the crop demand. The WDC for whole Kalwande command was calculated as 7.1 represents the canal capacity was sufficient to meet the peak consumptive requirement. The analysis of economic or financial indicators showed that the scheme had a serious problem about the collection of water fees i.e. revenue or irrigation charges collected from scheme were less than that of total operation and maintenance expenditures.

Abstract
Haematological parameters have been recognized as valuable tool for monitoring fish health. In the present study the haematological profile of fresh water fish Channa punctatus was studied. Fish were exposed to sub lethal concentration of 4-nonylphenol decided after LC50 determination for a period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. In haematological profile, effect is seen on RBC count, WBC count, Hb, and PCV as well as on Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). 4-nonylphenol significantly decreases the value of RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCH, MCV, MCHCand WBC count increases with 4-nonylphenol treatment and at different time of exposure. It was concluded that the 4-nonylphenol caused haemotoxicity in fish.

Abstract
Haematological parameters have been recognized as valuable tool for monitoring fish health. In the present study the haematological profile of fresh water fish Channa punctatus was studied. Fish were exposed to sub lethal concentration of 4-nonylphenol decided after LC50 determination for a period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. In haematological profile, effect is seen on RBC count, WBC count, Hb, and PCV as well as on Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). 4-nonylphenol significantly decreases the value of RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCH, MCV, MCHCand WBC count increases with 4-nonylphenol treatment and at different time of exposure. It was concluded that the 4-nonylphenol caused haemotoxicity in fish.

Abstract
Ornamental fish keeping has been emerged as an important branch of aquaculture since a few decades with a trade value of more than 8 billion US$ per annum and supports millions of people for their livelihood. Along with other factors like shape, graceful movement, beauty etc., vivid colouration also helps to augment the market demand of the ornamental fishes. In general, the maintenance in captive conditions causes colour-fading in fishes which leads to lesser consumer acceptance and lower price levels. To overcome the problem, an attempt was made in Sword tail, Xiphophorus helleri-a much sought after freshwater aquarium fish-to assess the potential of two pigments derived from local plants viz. Marigold and Ixora (treatments M and I) through dietary incorporation. The growth of the fish assessed simultaneously. The experiment was conducted in the larvae of Sword tail for a period of 90 days. Ninety larvae were randomly exposed to two treatments in triplicates (10 fish per tank). A control was also maintained during the study in which the fishes were fed with a commercial feed. The carotenoid pigment sources were incorporated in the supplementary diets at 5% level of inclusion. Maximum growth was observed in treatment-M followed by treatment-I. Significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the intensity of colouration between the fishes exposed to natural pigments and the control group which could be clearly visible through the naked eye-examination.It was further confirmed by the Spectrophotometer analysis. So, it can be inferred that the dietary incorporation of natural pigments have varying levels of impact on the colouration of Xiphophorushelleri while maintained in captivity. The experiment throws light on the possibility of utilizing other pigment sources for dietary incorporation towards augmenting the colouration in fishes. Developing region and species specific feeds utilizing various types of local ingredients have great potential in the contemporary feed research in the world.

Abstract
Alternative energy sources are supposed to be the most challenging job of today’s world. Among the alternative energy sources, biodiesel attracts considerable attention as it is renewable, non toxic, biodegradable and environmental friendly. Biodiesel is produced from different vegetable oils by transesterification method with alcohol in the presence of catalyst but Jatropha Curcas oil is supposed to be the most promising due to its higher oil content, non edible nature and possible cultivation of Jatropha Curcas plant in any land including barren land even in adverse environment. In the present investigation, a comparative study has been made between chemical (base) catalytic and enzymatic method using non-specific immobilized enzyme Novozyme 435 (Candida antarctica) for the preparation of biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas oil. Studies show that enzymatic method is more effective than base catalytic method with regard to productivity, eco-friendliness, selective nature, purity of the product, minimum purification stage, low temperature requirement and reuse of catalyst. Moreover, recycling of enzyme is done in our experiment which reduces the cost of the transesterification process for the production of alternative energy sources. Our process may be implemented in industrial scale with an alternative solution of scarcity of energy resources in the near future.

Abstract
Image Segmentation is a process of extracting region of interest from the whole image. The success of segmentation depends on the quality of the signal at the input. Noises are prevalent during image acquisition, due to various reasons and sources, thus making it hard to distinguish the healthy and abnormal tissues. Pre-processing is essential to remove these noises from the acquired images before subjecting to the actual processing algorithms. This paper gives the results of our study on different filters used to pre-process the biomedical images. The study shows that for a specific sequence of MR Images, a specific filter yields better results as compared with others. We have chosen three different image sequences i.e. T1-series, T2-series and DWI series of MRI and three different filters for the experiment. The statistical comparisons of the methods used are in agreement with our conclusion. For the study, we have taken real images from hospitals.

Abstract
Environmental degradation, increased service loads, reduced capacity due to aging, degradation owing to poor construction materials and workmanships and conditional need for seismic retrofitting have demanded the necessity for repair and rehabilitation of existing structures. Fibre reinforced polymers has been used successfully in many such applications for reasons like low weight, high strength and durability. In the present work experimental study was conducted in order to have a better understanding the behavior of torsional strengthening of solid RC flanged T-beams. An RC T-beam is analyzed and designed for torsion like an RC rectangular beam; the effect of concrete on flange is neglected by codes. In the present study effect of flange part in resisting torsion is studied by changing flange width of controlled beams. The other parameters studied are strengthening configurations and fiber orientations. The aim of present work is to determine quantitatively the effectiveness of GFRP to be used as external lateral reinforcements to flanged T-beams subjected to torsion. Experimental results obtained from GFRP strengthen beams are compared with un-strengthen control beams. The study shows remarkable improvement in torsional behavior of all the GFRP strengthen T-beams. The experimentally obtained results are validated with analytical model presented by A. Deifalla and A. Ghobarah and found in good agreement.

Abstract
Solid state fermentation technology utilizes various agricultural wastes, forestry wastes and dairy, food and pulp and paper industries industry. Several reactor designs operating with solid state fermentation technology include packed bed reactor, fluidized bed reactor, rotating drum reactor, and stirred tank reactor, rocking drum reactor, stirred drum reactor and Zymotis reactor configurations. The SSF technology helps in management of solid and liquid wastes integrated with inexpensive biochemical production. The present paper includes practical data on lactic acid production by solid state fermentation technology utilizing wheat bran bed material and dairy waste whey and also highlights some of the technologies applicable for maximizing the biochemical production by SSF technology.

Abstract
In addition of being highly utilized for identification and substantiation of suspects, latent prints (Finger & Palms) play a vital role and determination of sex is a crucial facet for intimate identification. Being unique by nature, perpetual and identifiable features of an individual, the possibility of identifying to the suspects from such latent prints confronted from scene of occurrence, even on documents is higher and conclusive. In the present study, 60 samples including (30 male & 30 female) aging from 18-55 years were taken from the population of Uttar Pradesh, North part of India. After the successful development of latent palm prints on documents, the ridge densities were taken from 25 mm2 diameter. As a denouement, the procured mean ridge densities, if = 11 ridges/25 mm2 or less then is likely to be from male origin, and =13 ridges/25 mm2 or more then that is likely to be from female origin. In our study, we found that higher ridges densities are found in females in comparison of males which indicate that on the basis of ridge density of latent palm prints; the differentiation of sex from the latent palm prints can be done successfully.

Abstract
Carbon monoxide is used as a preservative in food to extend its freshness for a longer duration. Carbon monoxide is not harmful at small concentrations for humans and is present in minute quantities as a component of metabolism. But repeated exposure to Carbon Monoxide can have harmful effects like headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, unconsciousness, collapse and finally death. As the frozen foods are regularly consumed worldwide and frozen fish, frozen chicken, etc being the common and most preferred foods, the consumption of frozen foods is abundant. Hence the study was undertaken to quantitatively analyse the Carbon Monoxide present in frozen food using Gas Chromatography. To obtain standard readings, fresh samples were also analysed. The results showed that the fresh samples of food had approximately 145-150ng/gm of Carbon Monoxide while the levels of Carbon Monoxide in frozen food samples was found to be slightly above 1µg/gm.

Abstract
The attempt was made for estimating reference evapotranspiration for and Harnai and Wakawali station and also the trends of different meteorological parameters were also studied. The study observed that the reference evapotranspiration for Harnai station was nearly constant, while for Wakawali station it was decreasing by -12.22 mm. The trend of different meteorological parameters showed that for Harnai and Wakawali station annual mean temperature was increasing trend was by 0.008°C and 0.044°C respectively. For Harnai station mean relative humidity was decreasing at the rate of -0.07% per annum and for wakawali station was decreasing at the rate of -0.033% per annum. Average annual wind speed for Harnai station was decreasing by -0.029 km/hr and for Wakawali station was also decreasing by of -0.15 km/hr.It is concluded that reference evapotranspiration for Harnai station was nearly constant throughout the year.

Abstract
River Venna is a tributary of Krishna river and has its orgin in nearMahabaleshwar. It runs a distance 45 km before meets with river Krishna near Satara on which Kanher dam was constructed.The water from the dam is utilised for irrigation, generation of electricity, drinking, aquaculture practices and recreation purposes. The present study comparies with limnological parameters, plankton diversity and survey of migratory and resident bird species. The plankton and bird species are best biological parameters of water and enviromental quality and assecement of conservation value of any habitat.The complied data needss to be further strengthened for improving strategies that insure stability and sustainability of study area.

Abstract
Climatic change in recent times is one of the serious issues throughout the world which is mainly due to the cause of global warming. Global warming is much alarming to the human beings and also to the existence of life on earth. The main cause for global warming is uncontrolled anthropogenic emission of green house gases like carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons etc. Among the green house gases, carbon-dioxide contributes a major share in this aspect. The rate of carbon-dioxide emission varies in different countries like India, USA, China, Japan and also in European countries depending on several conditions mainly industrialization, population explosion and economic growth. In this paper, an attempt has been made for the quantification of carbon dioxide emission in different countries using historical data of hundred years around the globe. Here, we formulate an evolutionary gas emission model using non-linear least square method and regression analysis has been done based on the above data for quantification of the emission. Finally, we predict the long term evolutionary trend of gas emission using instantaneous rate of change (IROC) in the subjected countries along with a comparative study of the carbon dioxide emission in different countries.

Abstract
Primordial Use of medicinal plants as therapeutic agents is an age-old practice. The detailed studies on the concentration of radionuclides in medicinal plants are sparse. The medicinal plants Justica adhatoda L., Careya arborea Roxb., Mimosa pudica L., Azadirachta indica A Jus. and Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.)Spreng. are selected in the present study. These plants and soil samples from same location were analysed for activity concentrations of 226Ra, 210Pb, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs using gamma spectrometry. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 210Pb, 232Th and 40K in plant samples vary in the range of BDL to 9.59 BqKg- 1 , 9.07 to 320.34BqKg-1, BDL to 6.40 BqKg-1 and 443.50 to 3401.29 BqKg-1 respectively. The concentration of 137Cs was found to be BDL for all the plant samples. Soil samples were analysed for the above listed radionuclides and the soil to plant transfer factors were also estimated. The transfer factors found to vary from BDL to 0.17 for 226Ra, 0.12 to 3.73 for 210Pb, BDL to 0.068 for 232Th and 2.94 to 28.66 for 40K. The detailed results and discussions are presented in this paper

Abstract
Today there are all together about 8650 species and 27 orders of living birds in the world. In India there are about 1200 species of birds, representing some 75 families and 20 orders. This is a very high number and represents a great variety for a single country. The reason for this is that India has a great diversity of climates, from moist tropical to the cold arctic of the Himalayan ranges, the dry and hot desert climate of Rajasthan and cool temperate climate of the hilly portions. Survey and sampling method was used. The study was conducted during three seasons. For the study Six different areas with dense vegetation were identified from Shreewardhan taluka namely Dighi, Kudki, Chikhlap, Aravi, Shreewardhan, Harihareshwar. About 64 species of Birds were observed and identified by using various sources at selected sites. These species are included under 34 families. Comparing the availability of bird species at Western Maharashtra (540), Shreewardhan (64) has about 12% of bird diversity observed during the study. The details of finding are discussed in the paper.

Abstract
The sediment yield is important factor concern with erosion rate from the catchment which is caused the problems of reducing the storage capacity of reservoirs, creating delta at mouth of rivers and reduces capacity of streamflow, etc. There are several models developed for estimation of sediment yield like USLE, RUSEL and physical based models like SWAT, but they required rigours series of data. In present study artificial neural network model is non linear Black box model used to forecast the sediment yield of Kal river in Maharashtra using the streamflow, stream flow lag by one or two day, rainfall and sediment yield lag one or two day as input to the model. In present study multi layers feed forward back propagation neural network model with one to three input layers, one hidden layers and one output layers were developed. The models were adopted by changing numbers of neuron in hidden layers and epoch. The models performance was evaluated by statistical indices such as R, RMSE, CE, VE, MAD, and MAPE. The study reveal that, ANN model with single input as streamflow and 10 neuron in hidden layer found R values 0.92 and 0.85 during training and cross validation respectively and other indices such as RMSE, CE, VE, MAD and MAPE were 91.58 tons/day, 84.16 per cent, 2.28 per cent, -4.52 per cent and 98.07 per cent during training period where 110.35 ton/day, 76.82 per cent, 0.1 per cent, 10.62 per cent and 20.91 per cent during cross validation period, respectively. It is also observed that, the performance of model increase with increases input parameter and changing combination inputs parameters. The linear regress model developed to compare the performance, found the ANN model performance were better and overall ANN model performance were satisfactory for prediction of sediment yield.

Abstract
The development of bio-based nanocomposites are carried out with the intention of providing physical protection for food, improving food integrity, and preventing contamination from microbes and fungi 1,2. Nanocomposites of chitosan, nanoclay (MMT-Na+) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) were prepared. The UV- Visible analysis of the samples was carried out using UV- Visible Spectrophotometer. Maximum absorbance was observed at 362 nm for 5weight percentage (wt%) MMT and 0.8 TiO2 loading. From the Tauc,s plot, it was observed that the optical band gap was found to be in the range of 2.9 to 2.2 eV. The refractive index of the material was also calculated. The structural properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD and TEM results indicated that an exfoliated structure was formed by the addition of small amount of filler. Antibacterial activity was investigated using gram-negative bacteria and gram- positive bacteria. All have high antibacterial activity. The 30% increase in tensile strength was observed in the case of 5wt% nanofiller loading.

Abstract
Geotextiles have witnessed unparalleled growth worldwide in recent years in the field of different civil engineering constructions. With the growing environmental concern the global emphasis is towards the application of eco-concordant, bio-degradable, renewable green products and this has inclined towards the natural fibre-made fabrics and making them a natural choice for the mankind. Jute Geotextile (JGT) is increasingly gaining ground over its synthetic non-biodegradable and toxic counterpart leading significant innovation in the design of geotechnical and geoenvironmental systems. One of the prime applications of JGT in civil engineering gamut is in road construction where JGT has been restricted so far as underlay. Hence, there is an urgent need to design and develop an innovative fabric as overlay on existing pavements to stay technically and economically competitive in the global market. Such a fabric will not only prove techno-economically viable but will also reduce the carbon foot-print generation to a large extent. This paper focusses on the laboratory simulation study of Bituminized Jute Paving Fabric (BJPF) carried out by the Department of Jute and Fibre Technology, University of Calcutta in collaboration with Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), New Delhi to establish its efficacy in reducing the cost of maintenance of the road and serving as a partial substitute of bitumen mastic enhancing thereby the life expectancy of the road.

Abstract
Gang Canal was introduced to Sriganganagar in 1927 by Maharaja Ganga Singhji of Bikaner estate. Its one of the minor near Sriganganagar city is known as z-minor. It supplies water mainly for irrigation and drinking purpose to different villages . This study aimed to record and evaluates seasonal variations in the physicochemical parameters of canal water like temperature, transparency, ph, total alkanity, dissolved oxygen (DO). Seasonal variations has been observed in above water quality parameters.

Abstract
Temperature plays a very important role in the integrity of human spermatozoa. During in vitro fertilization, it is necessary to maintain optimum temperature to maintain the viability of sperms outside the body, especially in cases of male factor infertility where only a few sperms are available for use. A functional membrane is required for the sperm to properly fertilize the oocyte, because it plays a key role in capacitation of the sperm, acrosome reaction and binding of the sperm to the surface of the oocyte. This study was conducted to observe the effect of temperature on human spermatozoa and thus deduce the optimum temperature for good survival of the sperms. Semen samples were collected from normozoospermic patients. Processed semen samples were exposed to two different temperatures, and the membrane integrity of the sperms was assessed by performing hypo-osmotic swelling test and the sperms were checked for tail-curling under 200x microscope.

Abstract
Escherichia coli is the major coliform faecal contaminating bacteria. In the present study an attempt has been made to isolate, identify and detect the antibiotics resistance pattern of E. coli PS 58. Strain PS 58 was isolated on nutrient agar from Pichhola lake of Udaipur and identified on the basis of its morphological and biochemical characteristics. For molecular identification Polymerase Chain Reaction was performed using 16S rRNA gene specific universal primers. 15 commonly used antibiotics i.e. gentamicin, kanamycin, polymyxin, tetracycline, erythromycin, ampicillin, penicillin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, rifampicin, chloremphenicol, streptomycin, cefixime, trimethoprim were used to detect the antibiotic resistance pattern by disc diffusion method. The results revealed that the strain PS 58 was identified as E. coli (ascession no.KPO99424). It was found strongly resistant to kanamycin, ampicillin, cefixime, polymyxin, penicillin, vancomycin, rifampicin and streptomycin.

Abstract
The comorbid conditions of diabetes with hypertension should be given special attention, especially in the Indian Scenario, as prevalence risen over the past few decades. Recently JNC-8 recommended the goal should be SBP<140 mm Hg and DBP <90 mm Hg for adult age group that should be attained either by life style intervention or with pharmaecological treatment. The most recent glycemic goal recommended by the American Diabetes Association, selected on the basis of practically and the projected reduction in complications over times, is in general, an HbA1C level of 7%. The general consensus is that an HbA1C level of = 7% should serve as a call to action to initiate or change therapy with the goal of achieving an HbA1C level of <7% that to be needed to assess the role of non-clinical management of diabetes hypertension patients and this paper was an effort on aforesaid issue. The validation cohort n=100 for intervention group and 10 for control group. The main findings of the paper; it was observed that improved in awareness, attitude and practices for good control 86 percent subjects for diabetes hypertension. On the other hand, after intervention, the changes in their control was found among 58% patients. The major changes observed in salt intake, exercising, yoga, worship, not smoking, non-alcoholing. The dietary improvement in terms knowledge and practices among 52% subjects. The calculated value of chi-square was found much more higher (19.0) as compared to table value (3.841) at one degree of freedom and five percent significant level. Therefore null hypothesis rejected and alternate hypothesis accepted (i.e. non clinical management was primary treatment technique for good control of diabetes-hypertension).

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to see the effect of motor educability and tribal, non tribal belongingness on physical skills of male players. To conduct the study 200 tribal boys player and 200 non-tribal players were selected as a sample from different areas of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state. Thus total 400 samples were selected for the proposed research work. The age group of the sample ranged between 13 to 18 years. To measure motor educability of samples Metheny Johnson test was used. To find out the physical skill of tribal and non tribal players physical skill test prepared by B. Johnson was used. This test is highly valid and reliable for the school going students. Result found that, effects of motor educability upon physical skill of male players have found to be statistically significant. The main effect of tribal-non tribal belongingness also found statistically significant. The interaction effects of motor educability and tribal-non-tribal belongingness on physical skill of male players have able to show their influence.

Abstract
An extensive survey has been made to enumerate the edible plants of Bundelkhand region of India. During this survey 90 (ninety) plant species of angiosperms were recorded which are being used as vegetables, drinks, fruits, dry fruits, pickles, foods, chutney, confection and curry. The name of family, botanical name, vernacular name, along with utilization of plants parts have been presented through this paper.

Abstract
Water microbiology is concerned with the microorganisms that live in water. Water may possess many pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa and parasites. They are responsible for the emerging most widespread infections which are leading cause of death worldwide. Aeromonas veronii is commonly found in freshwater systems. Aeromonas is gram negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria. It causes aeromonasis in humans and is also pathogenic for aquatic and terrestrial animals. Pichola lake is one of the most beautiful lake of Rajasthan, India. It is an important source of potable water supply for the city. In the present study, an attempt has been made to isolate the lactobacilli from camel milk and detect the antibacterial activity of lactobacilli against previously isolated and identified Aeromonas veronii from lake Pichola. A total of 10 lactobacilli were isolated and subjected to agar well assay for detection of antibacterial activity. Out of them, 2 isolates showed demonstrable antibacterial activity against Aeromonas veronii. On the basis of biochemical and molecular characteristics these two isolates were identified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus CMU 14 and Lactobacillus fermentum CMU 17. Further investigation may reveal that these lactobacilli isolates could be used as potential probiotics for aquaculture and to manage aeromonasis.

Abstract
The viable microbial food supplements which beneficially influence the health of humans are known as probiotics. Antibacterial activity is one of the important probiotic properties for a strain to be a functional probiotic. The three Lactobacillus strains namely Lactobacillus plantarum CM1, Lactobacillus fermentum CM4 and Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei CM6 were isolated from cow milk samples collected from Udaipur city. Their antagonistic activity was tested against five pathogenic bacteria such as Serratia marcescens NCDC 108, Enterobactor aerogens NCDC 106, Proteus vulgaris NCDC 73, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 5029, and Micrococcus luteus NCDC 131 using agar well assay method. The results showed that the Lactobacillus strains namely Lactobacillus plantarum CM1, Lactobacillus fermentum CM4 and Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei CM6 were able to inhibit the growth of all the pathogenic bacteria in varying degrees. All the three Lactobacillus isolates were found to be the most sensitive against Micrococcus luteus than the rest of the pathogenic bacteria used in the study. The inhibition observed in the case of all the isolates that have antagonistic effect may be due to the production of organic acids as well as other compounds such as bacteriocins, hydrogen peroxide etc.

Abstract
Reaction of N-((1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)methyl)-N-methylethanamine(1) with chloro acetic acid and hydrazine hydrate gives 2-(2-((ethyl(methyl)amino)methyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide(2),Which react with CS2/KOH gives 5-((2-((ethylmethylamino)methyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione(3). The product (3) on Mannich reaction gives different 3-((dialkyl amino)methyl)-5-((2-((ethyl (methyl)amino)methyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione (4a-e). The structures of these newly synthesized compounds were established on the basis of analytical studies as well as spectral studies. The final products were examined for their antibacterial studies and antifungal studies.

Abstract
Adsorption process is widely used for removal of organic pollutants from aqueous media. As commercially available activated carbon is an efficient adsorbent, but its practical use is limited due to its high cost and complicated regeneration process. The aim of this investigation is to explore the potentiality of coal flyash as an alternative adsorbent for phenol removal from aqueous media. The coal flyash is characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) which shows the presence of quartz, alumina, hematite and different mineral matters. Batch type experimental studies are performed on synthetic wastewater involving different parameters like particle size of flyash, pH effect and temperature. The experimental data are analyzed by Langmuir models in order to describe the equilibrium isotherms (R2 > 0.96). The adsorption of phenol is decreased with increasing particle size and pH but increases with temperature. The study shows that coal flyash can be used as a new and effective adsorbent material for the removal of phenol from aqueous media. It was found that these low cost flyash adsorbent demonstrated good removal capability for phenol and hence can be used economically on large scale.

Abstract
Of all the natural resources, water is unarguably the most essential and precious. Life began in water and life is nurtured by water. Physico-chemical properties of water are very important for understanding the metabolic events in aquatic ecosystem. Present investigation were carried out physico-chemical properties of water of Ottu Reservoir in district Sirsa (Haryana) India .Water sample were collected for a period of April 2012 to June 2013 using plastic container. The sampling points were selected on the basis of their importance. water samples were taken to the laboratory and analyzed. The analysis was done for the parameters like Atmospheric temperature, Water temperature, trancperency, turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total hardness, DO, FREECO2 ,BOD,COD, total alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate. pH shows that Ottu Reservoir water is alkaline in nature. pH, Total hardness, EC, chloride, nitrate and sulphate was found with in the WHO permissible limits.

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles of size varying from 16 to 31 nm were synthesised by co-precipitation method using zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as precursor materials. The pH value of solution was varied to study the surface morphology and particle size variations in ZnO. The X-ray diffraction peaks of all the samples corresponds to hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO and the data also shows significant variation in particle size as well as the lattice strain of ZnO nanoparticles with respect to pH values of the solution. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show different morphology at different pH values. Hexagonal shaped nanorod structures were observed at pH value of 7 and 9, and plate like structures were observed “at pH values 10.5 and 12.5. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirms the formation of ZnO at ~450 cm-1. UV-visible Spectroscopy (UV-vis) analysis shows symmetrical shift in the absorption edge towards the lower wavelength or higher energy region with decrease in particle size of the ZnO samples.

Abstract
Water is regarded as ‘polluted’ when it is changed in its quality or compositions, directly or indirectly as a result of human activities, so that it becomes less suitable for drinking, as well as domestic and other purposes. Pollution of fresh water results largely from the waste disposal. Many of our lakes are becoming increasingly murky, smelly and choked with excessive growth of algae. Most of the rivers have become darkened with sewage, chemicals and other undesirable foreign extraneous matter. Moreover, the rivers carry and deposit their pollutants in to the ocean. Hence, the oceans are also polluted by toxic wastes which cause contamination of sea-foods on a large-scale. The present study has been made to analyze the physicochemical parameters of the river Chnadrabhaga. Samples were collected season wise from sampling site for analyzing the various physicochemical parameters such as Temperature, pH, TDS, Conductivity, DO, free CO2, Sulphate, Phosphate, Nitrate, BOD, COD. The work highlights the condition of this river water in various seasons with respect to the parameters mentioned above.

Abstract
In this modern era of communication world even minor task requires to perform through internet which is not trustable. It is required to interchange secret session keys securely through insecure network for establishing communication securely. In two-party network, two communication clients share a low entropy password secretly to communicate in later sessions securely. But this paradigm requires high maintenance of passwords due to each new communicating pair requires separate passwords to establish communication securely. In three-party network, each communicating party shares a password with the third-party (server) to interchange a secret session key securely. The beauty of this setting is even server is not knowing the session key. Many authors have proposed various two-party and three-party protocols which are having their won pros and cons. In this paper we have cryptanalyzed verifier-based password authenticated key agreement protocol for three-party setting proposed by shaban et al.

Abstract
Nanotechnology refers to the creation and utilization of materials whose constituents exist at the nanoscale; and, by convention, be up to 100 nm in size. Nanotechnology explores electrical, optical, and magnetic activity as well as structural behavior at the molecular and submolecular level. It has the potential to revolutionize a series of medical and biotechnology tools and procedures so that they are portable, cheaper, safer, and easier to administer. Nanoparticles are being used for diverse purposes, from medical treatments, using in various branches of industry production such as solar and oxide fuel batteries for energy storage, to wide incorporation into diverse materials of everyday use such as cosmetics or clothes, optical devices, catalytic, bactericidal, electronic, sensor technology, biological labelling and treatment of some cancers. due to their exceptional properties including antibacterial activity, high resistance to oxidation and high thermal conductivity, nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Nanoparticles can be synthesized chemically or biologically. Metallic nanoparticles that have immense applications in industries are of different types, namely, Gold, Silver, Alloy, magnetic etc. This study aims to present an overview of nanoparticles, with special reference to their mechanism of biosynthesis and types..

Abstract
Variable values of uric acid in the male and female were registered throughout the reproductive cycle and therefore all over the three major seasons of the year. The mean range of uric acid recorded in the male was from 0.63 to 1.49 mg/dl. The higher values recorded were during June, May, February and April but significant decline was noted during September and October. Insignificant decline was registered during March, July, January and August. Variable results were obtained during November and December. The mean range of uric acid recorded in the female was from 0.72 to 1.48 mg/dl. The higher values recorded in declining manner as follows – May – June – March – February – April – January – August – July. Significant decline was noted from September and November. Variable results were obtained during November and December. In the present work Uric acid count was found to be variable according to the reproductive status of the male and female.