Research Journal of Recent Sciences _________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502 Vol. 4(8), 14-21, August (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 14 Investigating the Effective Factors on Green Project Management based on Sustainable Development of Human ResourceMohammad Aghania, Peyman Attariani, Babak Afshar and Behnaz Torabi Department of management Limkokwing University, Limkokwing Cyberjaya, Malaysia Available online at: www.isca.in,www.isca.me Received 18th December 2013, revised 10th March 2014, accepted 15th July 2014Abstract Wide application of the project management standards for assessment and progress of professional competence are based on a rational perspective through which it is possible to observe the competence defined by a series of specifications in the form of the scientific subjects. In present research, it has been attempted to use the most valid methods in order to gather the newest data and information in the field of green project management oriented into sustainable development of human resources whereby the data analysis and use of statistical software came useful to gain results. Statistical population used in this research encompasses 200 experts who are specialized in the field of project management. The data obtained from questionnaires distributed among the population have been analyzed using SPSS software. Considering the research findings, the social, economic, structural, and environmental indices have a mean of more than 3 indicating that the components of sustainable development highly affect project management. Keywords: Project, project management, sustainable development, human resource. IntroductionThe sustainable development of social, economic and environmental balance for longer performance is considered as one of the essential issues of the present world. Powerful human resource is one of the important factors of sustainable development. Human resource has always been the most important factor to achieve development. Today, humans have achieved many progresses in the field of the science and technology; however, the role of the technology in obtaining industrial and economic development has not decreased importance of human resources. In fact, the issue of human resource is significantly considered as the creator and applier of technology. Any research begins with a problem and the problem makes some questions in the researcher’s mind, and finally leads to research hypotheses. Therefore, any researcher’s main duty is to study in order to answer research questions and arrive at a conclusion based on collected data, and finally confirm or reject research hypotheses regarding the collected data 7 However, it is obvious that data is not reliable and should be changed into applicable information. To do so, the data should be analyzed and decisions should be made. The present paper aims to answer the following questions: Have inherent capabilities of green management been fully optimized in integrating sustainable development concepts?, What should be done for integrating these concepts?, Is green management a strong mechanism to achieve four balances of sustainable development” community, environment, economy, and structure”? Zain-al-Abidin studied the relation between knowledge of green value management members and sustainable development; he also aimed to determine whether it is possible to include sustainable development in workshops of green value management. Results of the studied indicated that considering sustainable development in workshops of green value management was different from other workshops ad it was because of dependence on employers’ different commitments and advantages related to construction aspects, level of awareness, knowledge of members of green value management team and time limit of the workshops. Moreover, recognized behavioral and scientific obstacles prevented from effective integration of sustainable development green value management10. Cheung and colleagues tried to develop a performance control and monitoring system for construction projects based on web regarding factors such as human resource, cost, time, security, environment, and beneficiaries’ satisfaction. Their system included development of functional criteria for each of the above factors and how they could be measured. One of the advantages of the web-based system for project managers was that the project team and other beneficiaries could monitor project progress11. Hemanta Kumar Doloi has studied perception of stockholders’ viewpoint toward cost estimation in project management. Increase of cost is one of the main problems of any project12. Many studies have focused on the issue, however, its main causes and the methods to solve it are not successfully presented13. In fact, the previous studies have investigated Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(8), 14-21, August (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 15 factors that are related to project environment directly or indirectly, they have also determined effect of the factors on increase of project costs14. Contrary to the traditional methods, the present paper aims to present a conceptual model that indicates the most dominant issues related to life cycle of a project15. Such subjects are in close relation with what involves stockholders16. Methodology The process of research in any field of science is aimed at reaching to a series of results and research findings; along this, findings of any research include definitions based on the relations and differences17. Hence, hypotheses of data analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics have been examined regarding data collection18. Descriptive statistics used in this paper include frequency tables, display data and central indices where on Friedman test, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple regression and so forth using SPSS software-version 17 have been used in inferential level19. Descriptive Statistics: Descriptive statistics and tables associated to characteristics of sample have been represented in this part20. Getting to know characteristics of sample is useful in a way that the characteristics of the whole society can be examined and general characteristics of that for other researchers can be specified21. Further, this helps to use the information in generalizing the results to other societies or in designing the questions of next researches22. As observed, it can be perceived from the statistics shown in table 1 that age of 16.5%, 51%, 28% and 4.5% of experts is younger than 30, 31-40, 41-50,and elder than 50 years old, respectively. Also, the mean of age equals to 38.6 years old.Table-1 Frequency Distribution in Terms of AgeVariables Frequency Frequency percentage Validity percentage Mean Younger than 30 years old 33 16.5% 16.5% 38.6 31-40 years old 102 51% 51% 41-50 years old 56 28% 28% Elder than 50 years old 9 4.5% 4.5% Total 200 100% 100% Figure-1 Frequency Distribution in Terms of Age Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(8), 14-21, August (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 16 Results and Discussion Inferential Statistic: Ranking of Independent Variables Using Friedman Test: As mentioned, Friedman test is used to prioritize and rank the variables based on the highest effect on dependant variable23. Friedman test is used to compare several groups in terms of mean of their ranks in order to specify whether these groups are from a society or not; scale in this test has to be dedicated of minimum rank24. This Corresponding nonparametric test is F test which it is usually used in ranking scales instead of F25. Also, Friedman test is used to analyze two-way variance using ranking which it is also used to compare mean of ranking for different groups. Independent variables include social indicator, environmental indicator, economic indicator and structure indicator so as we would have the following: Table-2 Ranks and Mean of Ranks Mean of ranks Social indicator 70/33 Environmental indicator 09/4 Economic indicator 34/3 Structural indicator 28/3 As observed, mean of ranks for each of variables has been estimated in table-2. According to calculation of mean of ranks, the most effect relates to social indicator, Environmental indicator, Economic indicator and structural indicator, respectively. Table-3 Estimation of Friedman Statistic Mean of ranks number 200 calculated X 2 value 24933 Degree of freedom 5 P-Value 000/0 According to values of Friedman statistic and also error level which is less than 0.05(P – Value 0/05), it can come into the conclusion that the relationship is significant at 0.99% confidence level. Hence, null hypothesis is rejected. Hypothesis Testing: First hypothesis: there is a significant relation between green project management and sustainable development of human resources. H: there is not a significant relation between green project management and sustainable development of human resources. H: there is a significant relationship between green project management and sustainable development of human resources. A variance analysis method (ANOVA) is used to determine the relation between green project management and sustainable development of human resources. To use this test, the condition of equality of variances has to be true. Refer to following for this. Table-4 Levene's Test for Equality of Variances Row Value of Levene's Test First freedom degree Second freedom degree P-value 1 1.815 13 156 0.045 As observed, Condition of homogeneity of variances is true at 0.95 confidence level, so use of ANOVA test is permissible. Table-5 Variance Analysis Sources of variations Sum of Squares Freedom degree Mean of squares F statistics P-value Inter-group 56.216 43 1.307 1.762 0.007 Intra-group 115.764 156 0.742 Total 171.980 199 According to values of Friedman statistic and also error level which is less than 0.05(P – Value 0/05), it can come into the conclusion that the relationship is significant at 0.99% confidence level. In other words, there is a significant relationship between green project management and sustainable development of human resources26. Hence, null hypothesis is rejected and the research hypothesis is accepted27. Also, the diagram of relation between green project management and sustainable development of human resources would be as following in figure-2. Also, Pearson correlation coefficient is used to measure the effect of green project management on sustainable development of human resources, so as we would have: Table-6 Estimation of Pearson Correlation Coefficient Row Variable Pearson correlation coefficient P-value Total 1 Green management and sustainable development 0.670 0.000 200 The relationship between green project management and sustainable development of human resources has been measured referring to views of 200 experts28. As observed, according to the value of Pearson statistic (0.670) and error level which is less than 0.05(P– Value 0/05), it can come into the conclusion that the relationship among variables is significant at 0.99% confidence level. Also, Pearson correlation coefficient between two variables shows that the intensity of relationship between two variables is strong, direct and positive29. In other words, applying green project management influences the sustainable development of human resources for about 67%. Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(8), 14-21, August (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 17 Figure-2 The Diagram of Relation between Green Project Management and Sustainable Development of Human Resources Second hypothesis: there is a significant relation between systematic thinking of sustainable development and green project management. : there is not a significant relation between systematic thinking of sustainable development and green project management. H: there is a significant relation between systematic thinking of sustainable development and green project management. Analysis of variance method (ANOVA) is used to determine the relation between systematic thinking of sustainable development and green project management30. To use this test, the condition of equality of variances has to be true. Refer to following for this31. Table-7 Levene's Test for Equality of Variances Row Value of Levene's Test First freedom degree Second freedom degree P-value 1 2.495 4 195 0.044 As observed, Condition of homogeneity of variances is true at 0.95% confidence level, so use of ANOVA test is permissible. Table-8 Variance Analysis Sources of variations Sum of Squares Freedom degree Mean of squares F statistics P-value Inter-group 31.259 4 7.815 12.177 0.007 Intra-group 125.144 195 0.642 Total 156.403 199 According to values of Friedman statistic and also error level which is less than 0.05(P – Value 0/05), it can come into the conclusion that the relationship is significant at 0.99% confidence level. In other words, there is a significant relation between systematic thinking of sustainable development, and green project management32. Hence, null hypothesis is rejected and the research hypothesis is accepted. Also, the diagram of relationship between systematic thinking of sustainable development and green project management would be as following: Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(8), 14-21, August (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 18 Figure-3 Diagram of Relationship between Systematic Thinking of Sustainable Development and Green Project Management Also, Pearson correlation coefficient is used to measure the effect of systematic thinking of sustainable development on green project management, so as we would have: Table-9 Estimation of Pearson Correlation Coefficient Row Variable Pearson correlation coefficient P-value Total 1 systematic thinking of sustainable development and green project management 0.408 0.000 200 The relationship between systematic thinking of sustainable development and green project management has been measured referring to views of 200 experts33. As observed, according to the value of Pearson statistic (0.408) and error level which is less than 0.05(P – Value 0/05), it can come into the conclusion that the relationship among variables is significant at 0.99% confidence level. Also, Pearson correlation coefficient between two variables shows that the intensity of relationship between two variables is strong, direct and positive. In other words, systematic thinking of sustainable development influences the green project management for about 41%. Third hypothesis: there is a significant relationship between social, environmental, economic and structural indicators and green project management. : there is not a significant relation among social, environmental, economic - structural indicators and green project management. H: there is a significant relation among social, environmental, economic - structural indicators and green project management. Multiple- regression is such a statistical analysis in which the variations of one or several dependent variables to one or several independent variables are determined and examined, i.e., the regression is a useful statistical technique which examines the effects of one or several independent variables on dependent variables34. In this hypothesis, the regression is firstly used to recognize the effect of social, environmental, economic and structural indicators on green project management, and then the analysis of model is represented35. In this method, in addition to significant measuring of each of the independent variables on green project management, effect of each of variables has been also examined. Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(8), 14-21, August (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 19 Table-10 Entered and Removed Variables Model entered variables removed variables Regression method First Independent variables - Enter In this model, all the variables have been entered into model without any specific ordering ort blocking whereby the analysis of them has been provided. Table-11 Estimation of Regression Model Row Model Multiple correlation coefficient Determination coefficient Adjusted determination coefficient 1 Variables 0.765 0.585 0.577 Table-11 shows the relations between key factors as social, environmental, economic and structural indicators and variable of green project management. In this table, multiple correlation coefficients of independent variables in relation with variable of green project management equals to 0.765. Determination coefficient of independent variables equals to 0.585 and adjusted determination coefficient which is based on freedom degree of variables equals to 0.577. In other words, the variation of green project management based on the effects of mentioned variables is reported equal to 0.58 which the accurate estimation of freedom degree dedicated to each variable reports this value of variations equal to 0.57. Hence, 58% of variations of green project management is forecasted and determined via the mentioned variables. Table-12 ANOVA Analysis and Determination of Significant Level of Model Model Sum of Squares Freedom degree Mean of squares F statistics P-value Determined (regression) 53691 4 88422 79468 000/0 Residual 86664 195 333/0 Total 403156 199 According to values of Friedman statistic and also error level which is less than 0.05(P – Value 0/05), it can come into the conclusion that the relationship is significant at 0.99% confidence level. In other words, there is a significant relationship among social, environmental, economic - structural indicators and green project management. Null hypothesis is rejected and researcher hypothesis is confirmed. Value of weighted regression coefficients for each key factor as environmental indicator, economic indicator, structural indicator, social indicator on dependent variables including non-standard, standard, t-value and P-value has been shown. Along this, value of weighted regression coefficients for social indicator, environmental indicator, Economic indicator and structural indicator is reported equal to 0.219, 0.365, 0.182 and 0.326, respectively; it has to be noticed that the environmental indicator had the most effect on green project management. Hence, regression equation of green project management based upon key factors and value of constant factor can be determined using the weighted regression coefficients36. Also, value of t-statistic and significance level show the net effect and significance of variables on green project management. Also, the scatter plot of the dependent variable based on standard value of variables is as following in the table-4. Table-13 Weighted Regression Coefficients Factors of model Non-standard  Standard  t-value P-value Constant factor 719/0 - 796/1 074/0 Social indicator 190/0 219/0 526/2 012/0 Environmental indicator 326/0 365/0 063/4 000/0 Economic indicator 187/0 182/0 330/2 016/0 Structural indicator 641/0 326/0 888/4 000/0 Conclusion Researcher in any research searches to find a response for questions of research, so as all the information and data obtained in this research have been discussed in the conclusion part and the most appropriate responses have been chosen for the questions of research37. As mentioned previously, the statistical population of this research includes 200 experts who are specialized in this field of research which most of the experts are in 31-50 age groups. Also, the average education status of the statistical population is bachelor’s degree which is estimated approximately 60%, and the average work experience years of statistical population is estimated between 6-15 years. Average view of experts about the importance of project management in improving development shows an average level. Also, it has been stated that 41.5% of individuals believed in applying components of sustainable development in average. Obtained statistics of frequency distribution in terms of systematic role in project management show that 35.5% of the individuals believe in systematic role in average level. In following, it has been concluded that social, environmental, economic and structural indicators have the mean over 3 which this matter shows that components of sustainable development are over the average level as if it can be said that they are in a high level to influence the project management. Also, the highest effect respectively relates to environmental, social, economic and structural indicators which this is resulted Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(8), 14-21, August (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 20 regarding the obtained results of mean of components of sustainable development. According to the results of hypothesis tests, it was specified that there is a significant relationship between green project management and sustainable development of human resources :There is a significant relation between systematic thinking of sustainable development and green project management. There is a significant relationship among social, environmental, economic and structural indicators and green project management. Minimizing environmental impacts. Minimizing the use of non-renewable resources. Utilization of renewable resources. 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