Research Journal of Recent Sciences _________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502 Vol. 4(7), 13-17, July (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 13 A survey on Effects of Media on Adolescent’s Robbery behaviorsSeyyed Ali Azimi1* and Seyyed Mahmoud Mir-KhaliliIslamic Azad University of Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, IRANDepartment of Law, Farabi college, University of Tehran, IRAN Available online at: www.isca.in , www.isca.me Received 4th January 2014, revised 24th April 2014, accepted 29th June 2014Abstract The main goal of the present research is, surveying on effects of media on adolescent’s robbery that was carried out on 9 to 12 years old adolescents of juvenile institution of the Fars province in 2013. Questionnaires were used to gather information from 9 members of the research. The data was analyzed by SPSS software. It was shown that local channels and satellite programs have strong effect on adolescent’s robbery behaviors. Keywords: Media, adolescent’s, robbery, behaviors. IntroductionExperts believe that prevalence of criminal behaviors among adolescents may destruct future of the society. They also believe that criminal behaviors are a beginning for stronger crimes such as, armed robbery or murder. Statistics show that a huge part of the society belongs to children and adolescents so criminal behaviors among them have irreparable consequences for the future of countries. When adolescents commit crime or a criminal behavior, they will lose job and education opportunities and this will affect development indexes. In the other hand, adolescents robbery increases anarchy and decreases security in the society and finally may cost and waste time and energy of the government and executive organizations. It seems there is still need of more studies and researches on reasons of robbery behaviors among adolescents. The present research pays attention to this important issue. It seems there is a meaningful relationship between watching movies and committing crime among adolescents. It seems there is a meaningful relationship between listening to radio and committing crime among adolescents. It seems there is a meaningful relationship between using media and lack of family’s supervision in committing crime among adolescents. Analyzing basic theories of media effects: Adolescence is a period of life that people have the strongest wish to follow someone behavior. And no one born criminal, but we learn committing crimes. In the present research we use opinions and theories of great men such as, Sutherland, Bendora and Tard as the main framework of our study. To sync media in criminal behaviors: Criminologists believe that criminal training of media should be stopped because they had destructive effects. Newspapers should not describe the way of committed crimes. Movies with criminal details should not be broadcasted for adolescents. Adolescents should not learn how to commit a crime and ran away. They should not know the experience of other criminals about committing crime. Today media produce different action movies and broadcast criminal news. In other words, media have direct or indirect influence on creating violence and crimes. Some experts believe that media act such a training center and broadcast different news about crimes and criminals which all influence on children and adolescents. Surveying on crime’s details should be carried out according to an expert’s theories10. Methodology To perform questionnaires and gather information we get the permission from bureau of prisons of Fars province to go to the juvenile institution for two times, once for coordinating with the institution’s manager and then for distributing questionnaires11. We use descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software. We use central and distributive indexes (variance and standard deviation) in descriptive statistics12. We use Pearson correlation test in inferential statistics to survey on the relationships between variables. For determining prediction ability of independent variable using dependant variables, we use regression test13. Categorizing quantity data is necessary to understand them Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(7), 13-17, July (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 14 better and descriptive statistics are use for this reason. Considering a logical criterion is the best way to organize data, the next step is, extracting central and distributive indexes using descriptive statistics14. Psychological theories are created by extension of the results of a research to another but we can’t extend the results to each person of the society. So researching on smaller groups is more appropriate, by doing this we can extend the results of the small group to a bigger group. In the present chapter, descriptive indexes are used for descriptive statistics and central and distributive indexes are used for illative statistics15. Results and Discussion In table-1, distribution of the answerer based on frequency and the age percent is illustrated. According to the test from 94 persons 3 person were 12 years old, 18 person were 13 years old, 19 person were 14 years old, 17 person were 15 years old, 14 person were 16 years old and 23 person were 17 years old16. Table-1 Distribution of answerer based on the age Options Absolute frequency Relative frequency 12 years old 3 3/2 13 years old 18 19/1 14 years old 19 20/2 15 years old 17 18/1 16 years old 14 14/9 17 years old 23 24/5 Total 94 100 Results show that 50 persons of the answerer were student and 44 persons of the answerer were dropped out. Table-2 Distribution of answerer based on educational circumstances Options Absolute frequency Relative frequency Student 50 53/15 Dropped out 44 46/85 Total 94 100 Discussion: Is there any meaningful relationship between movies with robbery theme and robbery behaviors among adolescents? Table-3 The correlation coefficient and coefficient of variables for watching movies with robbery theme Model R R square Adjusted R square Std. error of the estimate 1 0/553 0/305 0/298 2/357 For predicting robbery behaviors of adolescents and its relationship to robbery themed movies, we used simple regression. According to the table, the correlation coefficient is 0/553 and it shows the strong relationship between watching robbery themed movies and committing robbery among adolescents17. Entered coefficient in regression equation which is the main core of the regression is mentioned in above table. Considering significance level of coefficient of watching robbery themed movie rate that is lesser than research error, we can predict the rate of robbery behaviors of adolescents18. For predicting robbery behaviors of adolescents and the probable relationships to listening radio we use simple regression. Considering the table above we can see a strong relationship between dependant and independent coefficients. The R square shows that 28% of coefficient changes is related to the rate of listening radio among adolescents. Table-4 Variance analysis (ANOVA), the variable of watching robbery themed movies rate Model Sum of squares Degree of freedom Mean square Statistics Significance level Regression 224/717 1 224/717 40/438 0/000 Residual 511/251 92 - 5/557 Total 735/968 93 - Significance level of regression model is calculated by statistics and as you can see it is lesser than research error. Table-5 Regression coefficient of watching robbery themed movies rate Coefficient Std. error Beta coefficient Statistics Significance level Fixed 5/363 0/676 0 7/938 0/00 watching robbery themed movies rate 0/513 0/081 0/553 6/359 0/00 Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(7), 13-17, July (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 15 Entered coefficient in regression equation which is the main core of the regression is mentioned in above table. Considering significance level of coefficient of listening to radio rate that is lesser than research error, we can predict the rate of robbery behaviors of adolescents19. For predicting robbery behaviors of adolescents based on lack of family supervision we used simple regression analysis. Considering the correlation coefficient we can see the strong relationship between robbery behavior of children and lack of family supervision. The R square shows that 17% of coming robbery coefficient changes is because of lack of family supervision20. Entered coefficient in regression equation which is the main core of the regression is mentioned in above table. Considering significance level of coefficient of lack of family supervision that is lesser than research error, we can predict the rate of robbery behaviors of adolescents21. Regression analysis of media effects on adolescent’s robbery behaviors: There have been many researches and studies carried out to understand effects of media adolescent’s robbery behaviors, now we want to study on theory model and analyze effects of dependant variables on independent variables of robbery behaviors of adolescents. Here we try to predict dependant variables changes using regression analysis. We entered all variables in a same tome into the equation (R=0/615), it shows that 62 percent of changes of independent variable is explained with 10 percent of dependant. For predicting robbery behaviors of adolescents based on 10 independent variables we used multi regression analysis. Considering the high rate of correlation coefficient (0/784) shows the strong relationship between dependant and independent variables. The R square is 0/615 and it shows that 62% of variables changes are related to independent variables. (Watching TV, listening to radio,…). Table-6 The correlation coefficient and coefficient of variables for listening to radio Model R R square AdjustedR square Std. error ofthe estimate 1 0/528 0/279 0/271 2/402 Table-7 Variance analysis (ANOVA) the coefficient of listening to radio rate Model Sum of squares Degree of freedom Mean square Statistics Significance level Regression 205/003 1 205/003 35/521 0/000 Residual 530/965 92 5/771 - - Total 735/968 93 - - Significance level of regression model is calculated by statistics and as you can see it is lesser than research error. Table-8 Regression coefficient of listening to radio rate Coefficient Std. error Beta coefficient Statistics Significance level Fixed 6/135 0/597 0 10/275 0/00 Listening to radio rate 0/237 0/040 0/528 5/960 0/00 Table-9 Correlation coefficient and R square of lack of family supervision variable Model R R square Adjusted R square Std. error of the estimate 1 0/411 0/169 0/160 2/578 Table-10 No Caption in original paper Model Sum of squares Degree of freedom Mean square Statistics Significance level Regression 124/302 1 124/302 18/696 0/000 Residual 611/666 91 6/649 - - Total 735/968 92 - - Significance level of regression model is calculated by statistics and as you can see it is lesser than research error. Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(7), 13-17, July (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 16 Table-11 Regression coefficient of lack of family variables Coefficient Std. error Beta coefficient Statistics Significance level Fixed 5/884 0/849 0 16/926 0/00 Lack of family supervision 0/142 0/033 0/411 4/324 0/00 Table-12 Correlation coefficient and R square of dependant and independent variables Model R R square Adjusted R square Std. error of the estimate 1 0/784 0/615 0/568 1/848 Table-13 Variance analysis (ANOVA), dependent and independent variables Model Sum of squares Degree of freedom Mean square Statistics Significance level Regression 205/003 1 205/003 35/521 0/000 Residual 530/965 92 5/771 - - Total 735/968 93 - - Significance level of regression model is calculated by statistics and as you can see it is lesser than research error. Conclusion Juvenile’s institution were asked if watching TV or reading a book about robbery encouraged them to commit the crime and 80/9% said at all, 10/6% said rare, 6/4% said sometimes and 2/1% said very much16. They also were asked if they learned any tactic of robbery from movies or books and 38/3% said at all, 21/3% said rare, 36/2% said sometimes and 4.3% said very much22. Television: Juvenile’s institution were asked how much TV programs have they seen about crime and robbery and 40/4% said at all, 35/1% said rare, 20/2% said sometimes and 4/3% said very much23. Satellites and local channels: Juvenile’s institution were asked if they like any satellite program about robbery and59/6% said at all, 16% said rare, 18.1% said sometimes and 6/4% said very much. They have been also asked if they learnt the tactic of committed crime from a satellite or local channel and 29/8 said at all, 23% said rare, 27.75 said sometimes and 9.5% said very much24. Mobile phone: Easy access to mobile phone and its effect on committing crimes was asked from Juvenile’s institution and 14/9% said at all, 36/2% said rare, 30/9% said sometimes and 18.1% said very much. Internet: Easy access to the internet and its effect on committing crimes was asked from Juvenile’s institution and 37/2% said at all, 29/8% said rare, 26.6% said sometimes and 6.4% said very much. Radio: Juvenile’s institution were asked if radio programs had any effects and encouragement on them to committed the crime and 56/4% said at all, 19.1% said rare and 19/1% said sometimes and 5/3% said very much. Cinema and movies: Juvenile’s institution were asked if any movie encouraged to committed the crime and 34% said at all, 42/6% said rare, 19.1% said sometimes and 4/3% said very much25. The main objective of the research: Derived information from analysis show meaningful relationship between independent variables and dependant variables. Here are some suggestions to decrease media effects on robbery behavior of adolescents: The influence of media on robbery behavior of adolescents is proved so the broadcasting time of TV programs should be adjusted and social movies and programs should be produced to inform children and adolescents. We should control our children using internet and limiting them to access some special key words to prevent watching and reading destructive files. Publishing appropriate magazines and newspapers to inform adolescents and children about social life and categorizing books and magazine with age. Family should supervise their children watching satellites programs and limit their access to destructive channels and encourage them to watch appropriate channels. Family should also prepare special time of watching Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(7), 13-17, July (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 17 satellites for their children. 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