Research Journal of Recent Sciences _________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502 Vol. 4(12), 77-80, December (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 77 Diversity of small indigenous Fishes (SIF) of Nabaganga and Kaliganga rivers of Jhenidah, South western part of Bangladesh Biswas Bidhan Chandra1 and Panigrahi Ashis KumarGovt. K.C. College, Bangladesh, Fisheries and Aquaculture extension lab Dept of Zoology, University of Kalyani.W.B.Pin-741235, INDIA Fisheries and Aqacultre extension laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, W.B. Pin: 741235, INDIAAvailable online at: www.isca.in , www.isca.me Received 9th July 2014, revised 20th December 2014, accepted 18th April 2015Abstract Small indigenous fishes were very much important in socioeconomic, nutritional and biodiversity aspects. Bangladesh is reverine country which plays nursery ground of small indigenous fishes. But the open water system is reclaimed by anthropogenic interference of human. The river received large amount of discharge materials from industries, households and pesticides and fertilizer from agricultural practices by the riverside areas altered the physiochemical properties of water. Due to the contamination of water of the river, a number of fishes are declining affects the livelihood of the rural people. Thus it is prime importance to construct fish diversity structure of water bodies. Keywords: Small indigenous species, diversity, river, ecology, anthropogenic activities. Introduction Jhenidah is an important district of Bangladesh because of its wonderful geographical locations adjacent to Indian territory, cris crossed by many rivers, Nabaganga and kaliganga are important rivers which are considered as the tributaries of the Ganga- Padma river system play significant role in business, communications, livelihood of the rural people, In addition, it helps in agriculture and a good number of fish diversity which is the main source of protein for the rural mass. Nabaganga and Kaliganga are the two main rivers which contribute the prime open water resources in south western part of Bangladesh. Most of the people of these areas are farmers and depends largely on the productivity of these water bodies for fish, livestock grazing, irrigation, washing, cooking, bathing and urban set up. With the high intensity of population and farm practices, the productivity of aquatic bodies are declining as a result loss of biodiversity occurs.Fish is the renewable natural resources of the earth and most of the protein intake was coming from the fishery resources2-5. Fisheries sector contributes not only in national GDP but also in earning foreign exchange. Water bodies are wonderful gifts of nature and it provides lot of benefits with smallest amount care and awareness and also provide habitat of different fauna and flora.4 Bangladesh has wonderful geographical situations with numerous water bodies in the form of rivers, lakes, ponds, canals, haor, baor (oxbow lakes) and beels (depressions). The open water resources were estimated at 4395966 hactares of which rivers and canals were 479737 hectares. More than four hundred rivers were present in the past of which 43 rivers are international. Small indigenous fishes were considered those whose attain a length of 25cm or 9 inches. But there are some deviations of small indigenous fishes and considered length over 25 cm treated as SIS fishes. Over 260 fresh water fishes were present of which 154 are considered as SIS species10. Fish is the main dietary sources of protein covers 38% of the total protein intake.SIS fishes have contain certain vitamins, proteins and minerals11-14. The flesh of the SIS fishes is very soft, tasty and easily digestible. It helps to eliminate malnutrition and night blindness. Our aim was to assess the present status of SIF fishes which help as baseline information’s for the Concerned authorities and researches because no previous work have been done on the diversity structure of these rivers. Methodology Study was carried out from September 2009 to August 2010.Six sites were selected for investigation of SIS fishes. Table-1 List of sampling stations are shown Sampling sites locations Mirzapur Kaliganga river,sailkupa Sseikhpara Kaliganga river,sailkupa Harinarayanpur Kaliganga river,Kushtia Jhenidah sadar Nabaganga river,jhenidah Mathurapur Nabaganga river,harinakundu Mohiskundi sasan Nabaganga river,jhenidah Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(12), 77-80, December (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 78 Table-2 The identified fishes were tabulated Common name Scientific name availability Bata Labeo bata (Hamilton) +++ Tit puti Puntius ticto (Hamilton) +++ Shar puti Puntius sarena (Hamilton) + Jat puti Puntius sophore (Hamilton) ++ Tangra Mystus vitatus (Bloch) +++ Tangra Mystus cavasius (Hamilton) +++ Golsha tangra Mystus bleekeri (Dey) +++ Tapa Tetrodon cutcutia (Hamilton) ++ kholse Colisa fasciatus (Bloch and Schneider) +++ Kholse ranga Colisa lalia (Hamilton) ++ Chuno kholshe Colisa sota (Hamilton) ++ Bele Glossogobius guiris(Hamilton) +++ Chuto tangra Mystus tengra(Hamilton) +++ Pankal Macrognathus pancalus(Hamilton) ++ Tara baim Macrognathus armatus(Lecepede) ++ Taki Channa punctatus Bloch and Schneider) +++ Cheng Channa orientalis (Bloch and Schneider) +++ Shing Heteropneustus fossilis(Bloch) +++ Magur Clarius batrachus(Linnaeus) ++ Foli Notopterus notopterus(Pallas) ++ Chanda Chanda nema(Hamilton) +++ Chanda Chanda ranga(Hamilton) +++ Chanda kata Chanda baculis(Hamilton) +++ Ghuntea Lepidocephalus guntea +++ Darkana Esomus danricus(Hamilton) ++ chapila Gudusia chapra(Hamilton) ++ Khorka Nemachilus savona(Hamilton) ++ Darika Rajbora daniconius + kakle Xenotodon cancilla(Hamilton) ++ Chuto kholse Colisa labiosa (Dey) ++ Telchita Glypothorax telchitta ++ Silong Silonia silondia(Hamilton) + Rayek Cirrihnus reba (Hamilton) + Bheda/roina/meni Nandus nandus(Hamilton) + koi Anabus tesudineus(Bloch) ++ rani Botia Dario (Hora) ++ Mola Amblypharyngodon mola ++ piale Aspidoporia jaya(Hamilton) ++ Gonia Labeo gonius(Hamilton) + Bhangon bata Labeo boga (Hamilton) + Chep chela Chela laubuca(Hamilton) ++ Pabda Ompok pabda(Hamilton) ++ Kani pabda Ompok bimaculatus(Bloch) ++ Gharu Clupisoma garua(Hamilton) + Bacha Eutropichthyes vacha(Hamilton) + Potka Tetrodon patoca(Hamilton) + Chela Salmostoma bacaila(Hamilton) ++ Phul chela Salmostoma phulo(Hamilton) ++ Ghora chela Securicola gora(Hamilton) ++ Ranga Darika Danio reno (Hamilton) ++ Kanchan puti Puntius conchonius(Hamilton) ++ Phasa Setipinna phasa(Hamilton) + Dhela Osteobrama cotio(Hamilton) + panchchoka Apocheilux punchax ++ Note: +++ abundance,++ less abundance, + rare. Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(12), 77-80, December (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 79 The fishes were collected from the fishermen and local people of different selected sites of the river by using traditional nets and gears. Local fish markets were also regularly visited at regular intervals Common fishes were easily identified on the spot according to the taxonomic keys and released immediately to the water. That fish which were difficult to identify, preserved in 10% formalin and brought to the laboratory. Identification was done with the help of key15 and several books16-18. Interviews were taken from age old people of different locations adjacent to riverside areas to realize the condition of productivity of the rivers past and present scenario. Besides these, in formations were collected from focus group discussions to justify the condition of the river as well as the socioeconomic profile. Results and Discussion54 species of SIS fishes were identified during the period study of which some were a found in a critical situation. Once the rivers are the store house of 260 species of fishes but at present only few percentages of fishes were available .Various causes for fish kills or degradation of fish production were identified. The main reasons for the loss of connection of big river was lost during dry season, the river was almost dry up in summer. Habitat loss, unplanned and uncontrolled developmental works along the bank of the river, water abstraction for drinking , industrial and agricultural purposes, huge siltation, overfishing, domestic and industrial sewage were responsible for declining fish production19 20,21,22,. The structure and function of an ecosystem depends on physical and chemical nature of the environment23. Pure water was the basis for all life forms for their existing. Physiological process of fishes depends on depth of water, water pressure, water current, and water volume. With the absence of these ecological phenomena, the growth, distribution and fecundity of fishes were disturbed. Some valuable species were either totally eliminated or locally extinct with the adverse effect of environmental degradation24. But it is essential to remember that all species are important for successful maintenance of ecological aspects25. Some suggestions were put forward to overcome the horrible situation of the rivers to save the biodiversity and human existence26-32Dredging of the river should be done immediately to return back the navigability of the river. Tree plantation along the bank of the river in order to save soil erosion and management of ecosystem. 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