@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Investigation of Conditional Relationship between Risks and Expected Stock Returns in Different Industries Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange<#LINE#>Akram@Vafa,Abolfazl@Sharabadi<#LINE#>1-9<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2013-724.pdf<#LINE#> Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, IRAN<#LINE#>7/10/2013<#LINE#>5/1/2013<#LINE#>  This study aims at investigating relationship between conditional risks with expected stock returns. It is of library and analytical – causal study type and it is based on panel data analysis. Financial data for 98 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2006-2011 was investigated. SPSS 20, Eviews 7 and Minitab 16 software were used to test research hypotheses and they were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation analysis as well as conditional ARCH and GARCH models. Results suggest there is significant direct relationship between expected return and stock price volatility and between stock rate and stock exchange volatility.  <#LINE#> @ @ Pettengill G.N., The Conditional Relation between Beta and Returns, Journal of Financial and Quantitive Analysis, 30, 101-116 (1995) @No $ @ @ Barbreies H.A., Prospect Theory and Asset Prices, Quarterly jornal of economics, 1-53 (2001) @No $ @ @ Fama E.F., The Cross Section of Expected Stock Return, Journal of Finance,47, 427–466 (1992) @No $ @ @ Crombez J., Risk/return relationship conditional on market movements on the Brussels stock exchange, Tijdschriftvoor Economie en Management,45(2), 163-188 (2000) @No $ @ @ Campbell J., Why Long Horizons? A Study of Power Against Persistent Alternatives, Journal of Empirical Finance,8, 459-491 (2001) @No $ @ @ Wang F., What determines Chinese stock returns? Available at SSRN, 581801, (2003) @No $ @ @ Fama E.M., Risk, return and equilibrium: Empirical tests, Journal of political Economy,81, 607-636 (1973) @No $ @ @ Cheung Y., An assessment of Risk and return: Some empirical findings from the Hong Kong stock exchange, Applied Financial Economics, 2, 105-114 (1992) @No $ @ @ Chui A.W., Book-to-market, firm size pacific –basin emerging markets, Pacific-Basin finance journal,6, 275-293 (1998) @No $ @ @ Haugen R.B., The efficient market inefficiencyof capitalization-Weighted Stock portfolios, Journal ofportfolio Management, 17, 35-40 (1991) @No $ @ @ Engle Robert F., Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation, Econometrica,50(4), 987-1007 (1982) @No $ @ @ Tim B., Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity, Journal of Econometrics, 31, 307 (1986) @No $ @ @ Girard Eric O.M., Risk and Return in MENA Capital Markets, International journal of business ISSN, 8(3),1083-434 (2003) @No $ @ @ Berdot J.P., Rentabilité et volatilités des indices boursiers. Une analyse comparative du BET, du Dow-Jones industrials set du CAC 40, Conférences, Iasi, (2003) @No $ @ @ Kim S.W. and Lee B.S., Stock Returns, Asymmetric Volatility, Risc Aversion, and Business Cycle: Some New Evidence, Economic Inquiry,46(2), 131-148 (2008) @No $ @ @ Engle R.F., Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity with estimates of the variance of the United Kingdom inflation, Econometrica, 50, 987–1007 (1982) @No $ @ @ Harding D. and Pagan A., Extracting, Analysing and Using Cyclical Information, Mimeo, University of Melbourne, (2001) @No $ @ @ Ding Z., Granger C.W.J. and Engle R.F., A long memory property of stock market returns and a new model, Journal of Empirical Finance, 1, 83–10 (1993) @No $ @ @ Baillie R.T. and De Gennarro R.P., Stock Return and Volatility, Journal of Fnancial and Quantitative Analysis, 25(2), 203-214 (1990) @No $ @ @ Theodossiou P. and Lee U., Relationship between volatility and expected returns across international stock markets, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting,22, 289–300 (1995) @No  
<#LINE#>The Relationship between Organization Social structure and Employees Empowerment in Iranian administrations<#LINE#>sanjar@Salajeghe,Bigzadeh@Farzaneh,Hakimeh@Tabatabaei<#LINE#>10-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2013-783.pdf<#LINE#> Islamic Azad University, Kerman branch, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>24/10/2013<#LINE#>12/4/2014<#LINE#>  The impact of organizational social structure on employee empowerment paradigm is of management challenges that this study tries to explore the relationship between variables and provide suggestions for it. Accordingly this study is amid to investigate the relationship between social structure and employee Empowerment. This study was conducted using a stratified random sampling method. The sample size was estimated 218 employees and Data collected using two questionnaires, the social structure and empowerment that respectively consist of 25 and 20 items. To examine the hypotheses, Pearson and Spearman correlation and stepwise regression analysis (Stepwise) was used. For data analysis SPSS software version 16 was used and significance level was considered 0/05. Finally the result indicated that there is a relationship between normative structure and employee’s empowerment and there is a relationship between behavioral structure and employee’s empowerment. <#LINE#> @ @ Seyedjavadein Seyedreza, A comprehensive overview of the basic concepts of management and organization theory, Negahedanesh Publications, Tehran, (2009) @No $ @ @ Thomas K.W. and Velthouse B.A., Cognitive elements of empowerment: An interpretive model of intrinsic task motivation, Academy of Management review, 15, 666-681(1990) @No $ @ @ Lewis P. and Runde J., Subjectivism, social structure and the possibility of socio-economic order: The case of Ludwig Lachmann, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 62(2), 167-186 (2007) @No $ @ @ Evans W. Randy and Davis Walter, High-Performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of Internal Social Structure, Journal of Management, 31(5), 758-775 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gómez Carolina and Rosen Benson, The Leader Member Exchange as a Link between Managerial Trust and Employee Empowerment, Group Organization Management, 26(1), 53-69 (2001) @No $ @ @ Spreitzer Gretchen M., Social Structural Characteristics of Psychological Empowerment, ACAD MANAGE J, 39(2), 483-504 (1996) @No $ @ @ Avolio Bruce J., Zhu1 Weichun, Koh William and Bhatia Puja, Transformational leadership and Organizational Commitment: Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance,Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(8), 951–968 (2004) @No $ @ @ Moy J. Melinda and Henkin B. Alen, Exploring association between employee empowerment and interpersonal trust in managers, Journal of Management Development, 25(2), 112-134 (2006) @No $ @ @ Yoon Jeongkoo, The role of structure and motivation for workplace empowerment: The case of Korean employees, Social Psychological Quarterly, 64(2), 195- 206 (2001) @No $ @ @ Samad Sarminah,  Social structure characteristic and psychological empowerment: Exploring the effect of openness personality, Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 12(1), 70-72 (2007) @No $ @ @ Regina M, Hechanova M, Benedicto Roman, Alampy A and Francio P Edna, Psychological empowerment, Job satisfaction and performance among Filipino service workers, Enhancing, Construction and Architectural Management,  12(3), 570- 582 (2006) @No $ @ @ Huczyski A and Buchanan D., Organizational Behavior, Prentice Hall, (2001) @No  
<#LINE#>Evaluating the Relationship between Creativity and Employment Status of Hospital Staffs<#LINE#>Nazari@Morteza,Edris@Hasanpoor,Mohseni@Mohammad,Mobin@Sokhanvar,Ziaiifar@Hajarbibi,Navid@Yarali<#LINE#>13-16<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2013-1030.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Health Services Management, Hospital Management Research Center, Iran @ University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN  @ Dept. of Health Services Management, Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran  university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN @ Dept. of Health Services Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN @ Dept. of in Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>5/12/2013<#LINE#>25/10/2014<#LINE#>  Considering the growing concern about modernism in the present era, the necessity of exploiting creative minds and even unskilled labour is undeniable. Therefore, one of the important challenges of present managers of organizations is lack of efficient use of intellectual resources, mental power, and potential capacities of human resources. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between creativity and employment status of hospital staffs. This study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. The studied population includes all staffs of Shahid Rajayi Hospital of Karaj in Iran. The tool used in this study was a 76-question questionnaire based on Five-point Likert scale. Finally, collected data were analysed using statistical tests of Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test by means of SPSS-19 software. Results showed that the mean creativity of hospital staffs has been 276.96 for women and 279.74 for men. There was a positive correlation between work experience and creativity of staffs, but this relationship was not significant (r=0.008 and p=0.94). Mean creativity between men and women was not statistically significant (p=0.6). The highest correlation coefficient was between encouragement dimension of the top manager and creativity of hospital staffs (r=0.87 and p0.01), and the lowest correlation coefficient was between the dimension of challenging work and creativity of hospital staffs (r=0.36 and p0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between mean creativity of staffs at different educational levels (p=0.4). There was a positive and significant relationship between organizational position of staffs and their creativity (r=0.23 and p=0.042). In the present era, creative thinking and creativity of the work force are the main strengths of any organization – even health care organizations. It seems that influencing staffs’ attitude, giving freedom, and encouraging them can have an important role in improving the hospital performance. <#LINE#> @ @ Zhou J and George JM, Awakening employee creativity: The role of leader emotional intelligence, The Leadership Quarterly, 14(4), 545-68 (2003) @No $ @ @ Armstrong M., A handbook of human resource management practice: Kogan Page Limited; (2003) @No $ @ @ Klijn M and Tomic W., A review of creativity within organizations from a psychological perspective, Journal of Management Development,29(4), 322-43 (2010) @No $ @ @ Adler NJ., International dimensions of organizational behavior: CengageBrain.com, (2008) @No $ @ @ Butnaru GI and Gherman CM., Competence, Creativity, Productivity and Performance through Human Capital, International Journal of Human Resource Studies,2(1), 222-42 (2012) @No $ @ @ Brodzinski E and Munt D., Examining creativity in health and care, Health Care Analysis, 17(4), 277-84 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ramasamy A, Shah R and Bhullar T, Warnock F, Pitman T. The role of local steroid injections in an operational field hospital setting, Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 152(4), 221-4 (2006) @No $ @ @ Haughom JL., Implementation of an electronic health record, BMJ, 343 (2011) @No $ @ @ Andriopoulos C., Determinants of organisational creativity: A literature review, Management Decision, 39(10), 834-41 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ahmadi S, Mobaraki H, Daraei M and Salamzadeh Y, Analysing  the relationship between organizational culture and personnel’s creativity in the ministry of health and medical education, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Journal, (2011) @No $ @ @ Torrance E and Goff K., A quiet revolution, The journal of creative behavior, 23(2), 136-45 (1989) @No $ @ @ Nayak MRC, Agarwal R, Director J and Noida G., A model of creativity and innovation in organization, International Journal of Transformations in Business Management, (2011) @No $ @ @ Travaglia JF, Debono D, Spigelman AD and Braithwaite J., Clinical governance: A review of key concepts in the literature, Clinical Governance: An International Journal, 16(1), 62-77 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wang P, Rode JC. Transformational leadership and follower creativity: The moderating effects of identification with leader and organizational climate, Human Relations, 63(8), 1105-28 (2010) @No  
<#LINE#>Smart Event Tree Modeling and Genetic Algorithm to Optimize Customer Loyalty to brand<#LINE#>Hashemzadeh@GolemReza,Hessam@Khosravi<#LINE#>17-25<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJRS-2014-246.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, Tehran South Branch, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>27/1/2014<#LINE#>7/5/2014<#LINE#>  The purpose of this research is to find a model for optimizing customer loyalty to brand and evaluate the organization's position from the customers’ point of view and to find the optimum combination for investing in the improving of brand strength for the customers. The modeling is carried out while considering factors regarding the reliability, replacement and retention of the customers. In fact, the main concern of this research has been to combine the analysis of event tree and genetic algorithm in order to achieve an integrated model to reach the above-mentioned objective. The best combination is identified through those factors which affect the value structure of a given brand. The genetic algorithm is employed as well to adjust these parameters and reach the best combination. The model achieved in this paper can provide an optimized design considering the factors mentioned earlier. <#LINE#> @ @ Mohd Khalaf Ahmad A. and Al-Zu’bi H., E-banking Functionality and Outcomes of Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Investigation, International Journal of Marketing Studies, 3(1), 50-65 (2011) @No $ @ @ Beerli A., Martin J. and Quintana A., A Model of Customer Loyalty in the Retail Banking Market, European Journal of Marketing 38, 253-275 (2004) @No $ @ @ Zhaohua D., Yaobin L., Kwok K.W. and Jinlong Z. ,Understanding Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty : An Empirical Study of Mobile Instant Messages in China, International Journal of Information Management, 30, 289–300 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rageh Ismail A., An Investigation into the Relationship between Customer Experience and Brand Loyalty: A Study in the Service Sector, paper presented at Brunel Business School, Doctoral Symposium, and Brunel University, (2008) @No $ @ @ Trasorras R., Weinstein A. and Abratt A., Value, Satisfaction, Loyalty and Retention in Professional services, Journal of Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 27(5), 615-632 (2009) @No $ @ @ Meller J.J andHansan T., An Empirical examination of brand loyalty, Journal of Product and Brand Management, 15(7), 442-44 (2006) @No $ @ @ Stephen L., Sondoh Jr., Wan Omar M., Abdul Wahid N., Ismail I. and Harun A., The Effect of Brand Image on Overall Satisfaction and Loyalty Intention in the Context of Color Cosmetic, Asian Academy of Management Journal , 12(1), 83–107 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kerr G., from destination brand to location brand, Journal of Brand Management, 13(4/5), 276–283 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kotler P., Nebenzahl ID., Lebedenko V., Rainisto S., Gertner D. and Clifton R. and Van Ham P., Opinion pieces: Where is place branding heading, Nature Publishing Group, , 12–35 (2004) @No $ @ @ Wood L., Brands and brand equity: Definition and management, Management Decision journal, 38(9), 662 –669 (2000) @No $ @ @ Yoo B., Cross-national invariance of the effect of personal collectivistic orientation on brand loyalty and equity, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,21(1), 41-57 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sousa R., The Effects of Service Failures and Recovery on Customer Loyalty in E-services: An Empirical Investigation, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 29, 834- 864 (2009) @No $ @ @ Gómez B.G., Arranz A.G. and Cillán J.G., The role of loyalty programs in behavioural and affective loyalty, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 23(7), 387–396 (2006) @No $ @ @ McMullan R. and Gilmore A., Customer loyalty: an empirical study, European Journal of Marketing, 42(9/10), 1084-1094 (2007) @No $ @ @ James Heskett L., beyond customer Loyalty, Managing Service Quality, 12(6), 355-357 (2002) @No $ @ @ Gee R., Coates G. and Nicholson M., Understanding and Profitably Managing Customer Loyalty, Marketing Intelligence and Planning 26(4), 359-374 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jackie L. and Tam M., Brand familiarity: its effects on satisfaction evaluations, Journal of Services Marketing, 22(1), 3-12 (2008) @No $ @ @ Peng Lin C., Hui Tsai Y. and Kang Chiu C., Modeling Customer Loyalty from an Integrative Perspective of Self Determination Theory and Expectation–Confirmation Theory, Journal of Business and Psychology, 24, 315-326 (2009) @No $ @ @ Clifton A., Ericson, Hazard Analysis Techniques for System Safety, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 223-234 (2005) @No $ @ @ Goldberg D.E., Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co. Inc. Boston, MA, USA (1989) @No $ @ @ Saunders M., Lewis P., Thornhill A. Research methods for Business Students, 5th. Ed.  Financial Times Press,(2009) @No  
<#LINE#>Integrated Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sediments from Gebeng Industrial Estate, Pahang, Malaysia<#LINE#>Sobahan@M.A.,Islam@MirSujaul<#LINE#>26-35<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJRS-2013-999.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources, University Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang Kuantan, Pahang, MALAYSIA<#LINE#>22/5/2014<#LINE#>10/11/2014<#LINE#>  Gebeng is one of the most important industrial regions in Pahang, Malaysia. The study was conducted in the Gebeng industrial estate to investigate the effect of industrialization on heavy metal pollution in the surface sediments of the industrial area. In this study, it has been found that the sediments were highly contaminated especially by Co , Hg and As which is supported by the values of enrichment factors, contamination factors, geo-accumulation index, pollution load indexes and contamination assessment by sediment quality guidelines. According to the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) the studied heavy metal pollution were ranked as Co &#x0000; Hg &#x0000; As &#x0000; Pb &#x0000; Zn &#x0000; Cu &#x0000; Cr &#x0000; Cd &#x0000; Ni &#x0000; Ba and the sampling stations were ranked as WS1 &#x0000; DSRS3 &#x0000; DSRS1 &#x0000; USRS4 &#x0000; DSRS2 &#x0000; USRS3 &#x0000; WS3 &#x0000; WS2 &#x0000; USRS2 &#x0000; USRS1.Moreover, it was found that all the three zones (the wetland sediments, upstream and downstream river sediments) were polluted by heavy metals. Three principal components were extracted from principal component analysis, they accounted for more than 84% of the total variability and detected the industrial activities was the source of pollution. The results indicated that the industrial dumping is going on indiscriminately. The study will help in the strategic management of the industries through providing heavy metals pollution of sediments. <#LINE#> @ @ Wang C., Liu S., Zhao Q., Deng L and Dong S., Spatial variation and contamination assessment of heavy metals in sediments in the Manwan Reservoir, Lancang  river, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety., 82, 32–39 (2012)@No $ @ @ Ankley G.T. Toro D.D.M. Hansen D.J. and Berry W.J., Technical basis and proposal for deriving sediment quality criteria for metals, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry., 15, 2056–2066 (1996) @No $ @ @  MacFarlane G.R. and Burchett M.D., Cellular distribution of Cu, Pb and Zn in the Grey Mangrove, Avicennia marina (Forsk.)Vierh, Aquatic Botany., 68, 45-59 (2000) @No $ @ @  Tam N.F.Y. and Wong Y.S., Spatial variation of heavy metals in surface sediments of Hong Kong mangrove swamps, Journal of Environmental Pollution., 110 (2),195-205 (2000) @No $ @ @ Zulkifli S.Z. Ismail A., Yusuff F.M., Arai T. and Miyazaki N., Johor Strait as a Hotspot for Trace Elements Contamination in Peninsular Malaysia, Springer, Bull Environ Contam. Toxicol., 84, 568–573  (2009) @No $ @ @  Sujaul I., Hossain M., Nasly M.A. and Sobahan M.A., Effect of industrial pollution on the spatial variation of surface water quality, Am. J. Environ. Sci., 9(2), 120–129 (2013) @No $ @ @  MacDonald D.D, Ingersoll C.G. and Berger T.A., Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems, Arch. Environ. Contam.Toxicol., 39, 20–31 (2000) @No $ @ @ Manheim F.T. and Commeau J.A., Chemical analyses (trace elements), in: L.J. Poppe (Ed.), Data File Atlantic Margin Coring Project (AMCOR), U.S. Geological Survey., Open-File Report 81-239, 44–51   @No $ @ @ USEPA, The National Sediment Quality Survey: A report to Congress on the extent and severity of sediment contamination in surface waters of the United States: U.S., Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Science and Technology, Washington D.C., Report No. EPA-823-D-96-002 (1996) @No $ @ @ Wang S., Wang P., Men B., Lin C. and He M., Chemical forms and ecological risk of arsenic in the sediment of the Daliao River System in China, Environ. Monit. Assess., 184(4) 2237-45 (2012) @No $ @ @  Relic D., Dordevic D., Sakan S., Andelkovic I., Miletic S. and Duricic J., Aqua regia extracted metals in sediments from the industrial area and surroundings of Pancevo, Serbia, Journal of Hazardous Materials.,186, 1893-1901 (2011) @No $ @ @  Tsai L., Yu K. and Ho S.T., Cadmium distribution in sediment profiles of the six main rivers in southern Taiwan, Journal of Hazardous Materials., 148 (3) 630-639 (2007) @No $ @ @  Zhou H.Y., Peng X.T. and   Pan  J. M., Distribution, source and enrichment of some chemical elements in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, China, Continental Shelf Research., 24, 1857–1875 (2004) @No $ @ @ Shtiza A., Swennen R. And Tashko A., Chromium and nickel distribution in soils, active river, overbank sediments and dust around the Burrel chromium smelter (Albania), Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 87, 92-108 (2005) @No $ @ @  Gonzalez  R.M. J. and Hemardez L.M., Sequential Extraction of Copper, Lead, Cadmium and Zinc in Sediments from Ebro River (Spain): Relationship with Levels detected in Earthworms, Bull. Environ. Contam.Toxicol., 62, 301-308 (1999) @No $ @ @   Ram A., Rokade M.A., Borole  D.V. and Zingde  M.D., Mercury in sediments of Ulhas estuary, Marine pollution Bulletin.,46, 846-857 (2003) @No $ @ @  Lam M.H.W., Tjia A.Y.W., Chan  C.C.C., Chan W.P. and Lee W.S., Speciation study of Chromium, Copper and Nickel in coastal estuarine sediments polluted by domestic and industrial effluents, Marine pollution Bulletin., 34, 949-959 (1997) @No $ @ @  Zhang E., Liu E., Shen J., Cao Y. and Li Y., One century sedimentary record of lead and zinc pollution in Yangzong Lake, a highland lake in southwestern China, Journal of Environmental Sciences., 24(7), 1189-1196 (2011) @No $ @ @  Sutherland R.A., Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii, Environ. Geol., 39, 611–627 (2000) @No $ @ @  Zhang J. and Liu C.L., Riverine composition and estuarine geochemistry of particulate metals in China-weathering features, anthropogenic impact and chemical fluxes, Estuar, Coast. Shelf Sci., 54, 1051–1070 (2000) @No $ @ @  Tessier E., Garnier C., Mullot J., Lenoble V., Arnaud  M., Raynaud  M. and Mounier S., Study of the spatial and historical distribution of sediment inorganic contamination in the Toulon bay (France)., 62 (10), 2075–2086 (2011) @No $ @ @ Muller G., The heavy metals pollution of the sediments of  Neckars and its tributary: stocktaking, Hem. Zeitung., 105, 157-164 (1981) @No $ @ @  Hakanson L., Ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control, Asedimentological approach, Water Res., 14, 975–1001 (1980) @No $ @ @  Tomlinson D.C., Wilson J.G. , Harris C.R. and Jeffery D.W., Problems in the assessment of heavy metals levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index, Helgol. Wiss.Meeresunters, 33, 566–575 (1980) @No $ @ @  Karuthan  C., Structural Equation Modeling Using AMOS, Unpublished Module, Kualampur (2009) @No $ @ @  Chabukdhara M. and Nema A.K., Heavy metals assessment in urban soil around industrial clusters in Ghaziabad, India, probabilistic health risk approach, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 87, 57–64 (2013) @No $ @ @  Liu C.W., Lin K.H. and Kuo Y.M., Application of factor analysis in the assessment of ground water quality in a black foot disease area in Taiwan, Science of the Total Environment., 313, 77-89 (2003) @No $ @ @  Varol M., Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River (Turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques, J. Hazard. Mater., 195, 355–64 (2011) @No $ @ @  Dou Y.,  Li J., Zhao J., Hu B. and  Yang S., Distribution, enrichment and source of heavy metals in surface sediments of the eastern Beibu Bay, South China Sea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 67(1–2), 137–145 (2013) @No  
<#LINE#>Allomorphy in Persian Past Stems<#LINE#>Jaleh@Mottaghy,Lotfi@AhmadReza<#LINE#>36-41<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJRS-2014-251.pdf<#LINE#>Department of English, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IRAN <#LINE#>25/1/2014<#LINE#>11/5/2014<#LINE#>  Since Persian has some puzzling cases with regard to the past simple stems (i.e the stems Type II), this study focuses on the morphological treatment of the allomorphy of these verbs. This has been a long-standing issue in morphology addressed in various analyses till now. The one which is going to be described in the current article seems to work approximately well within Optimality Theory. With the evidence of phonological conditioning, the distribution of various morphs appears not to be entirely morphological in character. This study proposes an Output-Oriented morphology in which morphological processes are encoded in FIAT constraints, a type of constraint, and interact with the familiar Faithfulness constraints of Optimality Theory.  <#LINE#> @ @ Farshidvard Kh, Verbs, verbal groups and their developments in the Persian language, Tehran: Soroush Publications (2004) @No $ @ @ Ghomeshi J., Morphophonemic alternations in Persian verbs, Unpublished manuscript, University of Toronto (1992) @No $ @ @ Lazard G., A grammar of contemporary Persian. (ShLyons, Trans.). Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers. (First published 1957 as Grammaire du Persancontemporain, Paris: Klinksieck) , (1992) @No $ @ @  Pishro M., Simple verbs, stems, and infinitives in Persian: A survey on differences between spoken and written forms of simple verbs, Master’s thesis, University of Tehran, Iran (1979) @No $ @ @  Tabatabayi A., Persian simple verbs and word formations. Tehran: Markaz-e Nashr-e Daneshgahi Publications (1997) @No $ @ @  Rasouli Khorshidi H. and Rangasawmy S., Internal/External modifiers in request speech act among Iranian study abroad learners, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 3(5), 55-64 (2014) @No $ @ @  IntakhabAlam kh., Effectiveness of blended learning for teaching of English: An exploratory study, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 3(3), 78-85 (2014) @No $ @ @  Benua L., Transderivational identity: Phonological relations between words, Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (1997) @No $ @ @  Kager R., Optimality Theory. New York: Cambridge University Press (2004) @No $ @ @  Kenstowicz M., Base-identity and uniform exponence: Alternatives to cyclicity. In J. Durand and B. Laks (Eds.),Current trends in phonology: Models and methods (pp. 363-393), Paris-X and Salford: University of Salford Publications (1996) @No $ @ @ Kiparsky P., Paradigm effects and opacity, California: Ms. Stanford (1998) @No $ @ @  MacBride A.I., A constraint-based approach to morphology, Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, United States (2004) @No $ @ @  Ghomeshi J., Projection and inflection: A study of Persian phrase structure, Unpublished Ph.D dissertation, University of Toronto, Canada (1996) @No $ @ @ Pooya A., Barfoei H.R, Kargozar N. and Maleki F., Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Management Strategies, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(7) 37-42 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bora A., Science Communication through Mass Media, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(1), 10-15 (2012) @No $ @ @  Sadia K. and Muhammad Z., Humanitarian Intervention: A New Perspective, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,3(1), 97-102 (2014) @No  
<#LINE#>Studying the Impact of Prior Years Adjustments on Earnings Persistence<#LINE#>Hamidreza@Nazemi,Saemipour@Mehdi<#LINE#>42-45<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJRS-2014-290.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Accounting, Shahroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahroud, IRAN @ Dept. of Business Administration, Strategic Management Concentration, Farabi Institute of Higher Education, Alborz, IRAN<#LINE#>2/2/2014<#LINE#>21/8/2014<#LINE#>  The present research discusses the relationship between prior years adjustments of financial statements and performance sustainability of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Profit margin ratio was used to measure performance sustainability and the difference between reported earnings and restated earnings was used to measure figure restatement value. The statistical sample includes 80 companies, which were members of Tehran Stock Exchange during 2008 - 2012. Simple and multiple regression techniques were used to implement the applied statistical pattern. In this research, we realized that when debit ratio is included in the model as a control variable, a significant relationship is established between absolute value of restatement and performance sustainability so that there is a positive relationship between earnings factor and financial consistency. That is, with the accounting changes increasing, performance sustainability increases, but with the debit ratio increasing, financial performance sustainability decreases.  <#LINE#> @ @ Moore D.L., Forecasting earnings management:Evidence from GAO restatement data, Doctoral Dissertation, Touro University International, (2007) @No $ @ @ Xia W., Accounting Restatements: A Comparison between China and USA, Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing,2(10), 1116-1121 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kordestani GH.R., Azad A. and Kazemi M, Experimental Test of Importance of Prior Years Adjustment in Capital Market, Accounting Research,8(2), 1-20 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kevin W.H., Earnings Persistence of Restating Firms, Should All Earnings Restatements Be Treated Equally,  (2008) @No $ @ @ Bahar Moghaddam M and Dolatabadi M., A Comparative Study between Quality of Reported Earnings and Restated Earnings, Journal of Accounting and Auditing Research,14(2), 23-29 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hashemi S.A., Hosseini S.M. and Barandan S., Comparing IncrementalInformation Content, Cash Ratios and Gearing Ratios to Evaluate Financial Performance of Companies Using Data Mining Approach, Journal of Financial Accounting Research,2(2), 92-98 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ben Chin-Fook Y., A Longitudinal and Cross-Industry Study on the Stability of Financial Ratios of Malaysian Companies  University, Tun Abdul Razak, Malaysia, (2013) @No $ @ @ Chen Ma and Junrui Z., Research on Impact of Financial Restatement on Firm Value in Chinese Listed Firms, Available at SSRN 1870971, (2011) @No $ @ @ Abdoli M.R. and Darabi, Studying Cultural Backgrounds of Accountants’ Behavior and their Influence on Accounting Errors, (2009) @No $ @ @ Asadi GH.H. et al., Relationship between Capital Structure and Ownership Structure, Journal of Accounting Knowledge,4(2), 25-32 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nikbakht M.R. and Rafiei A., Formulation of the Factors Effective in Financial Restatements in Iran, Journal of Accounting Knowledge,2(3), 74-87 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kazemi H., Financial Statements and Factors and Reactions toward Them, Knowledge of Accounting Research,7(24), 128-141 (2011) @No  
<#LINE#>Investigation on Risk Factors causing Parsian Gas Refinery Projects<#LINE#>Zeidi@Vahid,Akbar@AlamTabriz,Abass@Sheikhan<#LINE#>46-51<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJRS-2014-441.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Management, Management Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, IRAN <#LINE#>21/2/2014<#LINE#>25/10/2014<#LINE#>  Nowadays, what big projects such as oil and gas projects should be considered is attention and effort to the three parameters of time, cost and quality according to the Project Management performance. One of the techniques of project management which experts believe is attention and proper management to the project, the importance of risk management projects. Risk management is a systematic method of group process that is applied based on systematic experiments, teams, managers and all factors that affect the probability of each event in similar projects and identify the impact of the event and the deviation of the project. Therefore, the correct application of these techniques will lead to the achievement of project objectives.  Regarding second grade of Iran with regard to gas store in the world, energy policy in the gas sector of country is based on the efficient use of natural resources. To meet the aim, project implementation plans and massive gas industry is considered as a priority. Since, the negative risks has negative  influence on index projects, by using risk manager ,it can be identify possible risks with analysis and selection of appropriate strategies to manage them. The aim of present research is to identify risk projects in Parsian Refinery, ranking risks and determine appropriate risk control strategies. The research method used in this study was descriptive - survey and applied research are considered.  <#LINE#> @ @  Klein J. and Hand Cork H.B,  in an article entitled, An approach to technical risk assessment, (1998) @No $ @ @ Del Cano Gochi A. and De la Cruz Lopez M.P, The process of risk management: Different approaches, (2000) @No $ @ @ Fiona D.P. and Kevin N., The risk of the project introduced in an article, International Journal of Project Management, (2002) @No $ @ @ Marialaura and Ponzetti A, Model for Reducing hospital errors, use of FMEA for risk analysis, (2009) @No $ @ @ Leeuwena and Nauta, Evaluation of health risk factors using the FMEA was conducted in (2009) @No $ @ @ Mousavi  et al, Presents a fuzzy expert system for risk management in projects, (2005) @No $ @ @ Sayed Hussain et al, A comparative study of methods for risk control and monitoring of the projects, International Conference on Management Project, (2005) @No $ @ @ Ehsani and Mirnoori  Langroodi, Provide a conceptual framework for risk management of state constructionprojects according to PMBOK, (2005) @No $ @ @ Hafeznia M, Introduction on Research Method in Human science, Samt Publication, Fifteenth press, (2005) @No  
<#LINE#>Investigating the Implementation of Low Carbon Construction Activities in Order to Optimize Electricity on Construction Site<#LINE#>Esmaeilifar@Reza,Milad@Samari,Shafiei@MohdWiraMohd<#LINE#>52-62<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJRS-2014-744.pdf<#LINE#> School of Housing, Planning and Building, University Sains Malaysia, MALAYSIA<#LINE#>2/4/2014<#LINE#>6/10/2014<#LINE#>  Over the recent years, the number of construction project of law carbon has increased excessively across Malaysia. In fact, we do not doubt the importance of progress in law carbon construction and its significance for the society, particularly for the construction companies. To make influential inroads into the construction practices of low carbon, the industry has to develop the energy usage and natural sources that is consumed in all activities of its construction site. In this paper, the findings of the second section of a countrywide research project administered in Malaysia, was set up to investigate and evaluate the sources of CO2 emission with respect to electricity usage in construction projects; secondly, to identify effective optimization methods as for electricity usage in construction activities; and finally, to provide an action plan to minimize CO2 emissions during construction activities. SPSS version 20 was employed to analyse the collected data. Three hundred questionnaires were distributed to the construction companies in Malaysia. The findings showed that, in spite of the importance of low carbon construction, not many companies are serious enough to cut down their natural resource consumption. In fact, myriad of contractors and construction firms in Malaysia have not yet paid attention binding themselves to carbon construction and green building's constitution in general by contrast to common construction activity. Time night working for electricity is the main way for the law carbon construction and has been highlighted as the main reason of ignorance of the current situation within the construction sectors. Indeed, introducing optimization methods is vital for contractors and supervisors of the sites to be motivated considering the inequality on usage of electricity during construction project which lead to production of carbon dioxide. In addition, to optimization electricity finding an appropriate place for the lighting is the paramount one. <#LINE#> @ @ Houghton J.T., Ding Y., Griggs D.J., Noguer M., Van der Linnden P.J., Dai X., Maskell K. and Johnson C.A., Climate change 2001: the scientific basis, Cambridge University Press Cambridge, (2001) @No $ @ @ Dunn  W., Infant/Toddler  Sensory  Prole  manual, New York: Psychological Corporation, (2002) @No $ @ @ Climate Change Secretariat, A Guide to the Climate Change Convention and Its Kyoto Protocol, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), http://unfccc.int/resource/guideconvkp-p.pdf., (2002) @No $ @ @ Masomi E., Asl D.M., Eghdami A., Ashore S. and Ghanimat P., The Study of Corporate Entrepreneurship and its Relationship with job satisfaction: The Case Study: Sepah Bank, branches of Golestan Province, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,3(3), 104-111 (2014) @No $ @ @ Wahab A.R.S., Hussain A., Zadeh A.A., Shah A.F. and Hussain J., Employees’ Perception and Motivation towards Training and Development Programmes in Health Sector of Pakistan: A Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 3(2),1-7 (2014) @No $ @ @ Charandabi S.E. and Bohlooli N, Investigation and Prioritizing the Key Factors of Success in Small and Medium Size Enterprises, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 3(2), 31-34 (2014) @No $ @ @ Zaferani Z.A. and Aliakbari H.N., Investigation the relationship of Staff's training courses with their Performance, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 3(4),1-6 (2014) @No $ @ @ Masomi E., Asl D.M., Eghdami A., Ghanimat P. and Ashore S., Survey on the Role of Knowledge Management on the Quality of working Life, Case Study: Islamic Azad University, Iran, Pars Abad Branch, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 3(2), 100-108 (2014) @No $ @ @ Moxon S., Sustainability in Interior Design, published in 2012 by Laurence king publishing Ltd, (2012) @No $ @ @ Christy J  and  Spencer  R, Global Temperature Report 1978-2003, Earth System Science Center, The University of Alabama, US, (2003) @No $ @ @ Roaf S., Crichton D. and Nicol F.,Adapting Buildings and Cities for Climate Change, Architectural Press, Oxford, (2004) @No $ @ @ Runci P.J., Energy Research and Development in the European Union,PNNL-12218, Battelle Memorial Institute, Pacic Northwest National Laboratory Technical Report, Richland, Wash, May, (1999) @No $ @ @ Casals X.G., Analysis of building energy regulation and certication in Europe: their role, limitations and differences, Energy and Buildings, 38(5), 381-92 (2006) @No $ @ @ Wee-Kean F., Hiroshi M., Chin-Siong H. and Yu-Fat L., Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emission Considerations in the Urban Planning Process in Malaysia, (2009) @No $ @ @ Shaffii N., Malaysia Country Report, Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia, (2010) @No $ @ @ Brockman M.D., Land and Environment Court Proceedings, Environmental Defender’s Office Ltd., (2007) @No $ @ @ Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Carbon footprint of electricity generation, postnote October 2006 Number 268, (2006) @No $ @ @ Ko J., Carbon: Reducing the footprint of the construction process, (2010) @No $ @ @ Burg, R.G., The  Influence  of  Casting  and  Curing Temperature on the Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete, Research  and  Development  Bulletin  RD113,  Portland Cement Association, (1996) @No $ @ @ United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) Nairobi, Energy for Building: Improving Energy Efficiency in Construction and in the Production of Building Materials in Developing Countries, HS/250/91 E ISBN, 921131 1748 (1991) @No $ @ @ Shaik S.S. and Samuel T.A., Methodology for estimating emissions in underground utility construction operations,Journal of Engineering,Design and Technology,7(1), 37-64 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bon R. and Crosthwaite D., The Future of International Construction, Thomas Telford Limited, London, (2000) @No $ @ @ Raftery J., Anson M., Chiang Y.H. and Sharma S., Regional overview. In: Chiang, Y.H., et al. (Eds.), The Construction Sector in Asian Economics, Spon Press, London, (2004) @No $ @ @ Chan E.H., Qian Q.K. and Lam P.T., The market for green building in developed Asian cities—the perspectives of building designers, Energy Policy, 37(8), 3061-3070 (2009) @No $ @ @ Houghton H, Global warming (3rd Edition), New York: Cambridge University Press, (2004) @No $ @ @ Fong W.K., Matsumoto H., Ho Ch S. and Lun Y.F., Energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission considerations in the urban planning process in Malaysia, (2007) @No $ @ @ Abdulllah F.M, Chiet  V.C., Anuar K and Shen T.T., An Overview On The Growth and Development Of The Malaysian Construction Industry, Workshop on Construction Contract Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (2004) @No $ @ @ Pacca S. and Horvath A., Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Building and Operating  Electric Power Plants in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Environ. Sci. and Technol.,36, 3194–3200 (2002) @No $ @ @ Bernard H.R., Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, Sage Publishing Ltd., London (2000) @No $ @ @ Trochim W.K., The research methods knowledge base, Cincinnati, OH: Atomic Dog Publishing, (2001) @No $ @ @ Fuertes Casals A., Casals Casanova M., Gangolells Solanellas M., Forcada Matheu N., Macarulla Martí M., and Roca Ramon X., An environmental impact causal model for improving the environmental performance of construction processes, (2013) @No  
<#LINE#>Strategic Management of Project Cost Control to Improve Green Project Management<#LINE#>Rashid@ZolfaghariZaferani,Bahereh@Yalpanian<#LINE#>63-68<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJRS-2014-795.pdf<#LINE#>Education Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN @ Ismaic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN<#LINE#>9/4/2014<#LINE#>22/5/2014<#LINE#>  The chief target of this paper is to survey the mutual relationship between motivation and job performance of the staffs of social security branches in east of Tehran. The methodology of this research is descriptive with the type of correlation and it is classified as one of the applicable researches. The statistical society includes social security's entire employee; east branches in Tehran with total number of staffs 260 that according to the table of Morgan and Kerjis 167 persons are selected based on random phase selection. To gather the data, two type of questionnaire; motivation and performance are used. The gathered data are analyzed and investigated based on the solidarity examination of Pierson, T linear test with the method of simultaneous entry. The results show that there is a conceptual relationship between motivation and job performance variables. Research findings illustrates there is conceptual relationship with %95 confidence between the various type of skills and the job performance of the staffs. There is a %99 significant relation with confidence between the sort of tasks and employees' job performance. There is no significant relationship at the %5 level between the importance of their tasks and duties and job performance. There is also %95 significant relationship with confidence between the independence of job and job performance. There are % 99 significant relationships between the feedback of task and employees' performance. Performance can be explained through motivation components. The level of motivation and job performance among the employees' of east branch of social security organization in Tehran is different. <#LINE#> @ @ Majidi M, Study of relation between organizational cultures with effectiveness high school management of Sanandaj city of view teacher, Thesis master of Alameh Tabatabaii University(2002) @No $ @ @ Rafiian D., Study of relation between cultures with job satisfaction of high school Lorestan, Thesis master of AlamehTabatabaii University(2002) @No $ @ @ Martinez J., Assessing quality outcome and performance management, Generva: World Health organization, (2008) @No $ @ @ Garipi Latan, Job motivation historie Theory research and action Interpreter: Arshadi. N. Javdaneh publication. (2011) @No $ @ @ Mogimi M.S, Management and Organization Research Approach, Termeh Publication(2012) @No $ @ @ Cirota D. et al., Engagement and satisfaction dimension Publication Jalali, (2007) @No $ @ @ Egtedari A., Mohamad Management and Organization Publications, Comerical management and administrative science college (2001) @No $ @ @ Stizer Richarddam and Viliam Porter, Behavior and Motivation in work Translator Amin Alavi Publication of center education of state management (1993) @No $ @ @ Rabins S.P. and Sanroand D.E., Basic management Translator: S.M.Ershadi, M.A.Rafiei, H. Ershadi, B.Culture reaserch office, (2006) @No $ @ @ Tylor FW, The principle of scientific management New York: Harper (1911) @No $ @ @ Aghaei M., Kazemi A., Deilami Moezzi A., Rajabian M., Beigand M. and Asadollahi A., Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction in Subsidiaries of the Largest Business Holding in Iran Using the Model of Altman,  Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(8), 40-46 (2013) @No $ @ @ Aghaei M., Taghizadeh GH., Asadollahi A., Noormohammadi M., Yazdani Cherati N. and Firouzidost N., Presenting a Method for a Robust Prediction of Time Series Used in Financial Issues in an Automotive Manufacturing Company, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(10), 22-32 (2013) @No $ @ @ Aghaei M., Asadollahi A., Tonekabon M., Tajasom N. and Abbasi S., Investigating the Impact of Store Brand Price-Image and Retailer Equity Dimensions on ETKA Chain Store Customer’s Purchase Intention, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(11), 5-11 (2013) @No $ @ @ Aghaei M., Vahedi E., Asadollahi A. and Safari-Kahreh M., An empirical Investigating to Effects of services Marketing mix on Brand Dimensions in Order to enhance brand Equity in the Tehran’s Chain Stores, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 3(2), 43-60 (2014) @No 
<#LINE#>The Investigation of strategic thinking effects on Improvement of organizational Performance in Isfahan Province Gas Company<#LINE#>Masomeh@Ebrahimi,Sabbaghian@Ali<#LINE#>69-82<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJRS-2014-796.pdf<#LINE#>Master of Business Administration, Islamic Azad University, Naragh, IRAN @ Department of Faculty of Management, Naragh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naragh, IRAN <#LINE#>9/4/2014<#LINE#>27/11/2014<#LINE#>  The goal of present research is to investigate the impacts of strategic thinking on improvement of organizational performance in Isfahan Province Gas Company. The method is descriptive research with the use of conducting survey investigation. The statistical population was the staffs of Isfahan Province Gas Company which were a number of 2573 at the time of study. Stratified sampling was used in this research. After determining the ratio of population (the number of staffs of companies in each city) the ration of each city to the total population was calculated and using the same ratio random sampling was applied. The sample size was 157 staffs of Isfahan Province Gas Company; with a consideration of 10% extra, 170 questionnaires were distributed of which 165 were returned. The Return rate of the questionnaires was 97%. So the final sample of this study was 165 persons and all the statistical analysis was based on this sample. The researcher developed a questionnaire about strategic thinking based on Liedtka model (28 tests) and used the questionnaire of organization’s excellence standard about organizational performance (50 tests). The validity of this research was estimated 0.81 using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Kendall tau coefficient and Friedman Test) were used to analyze the data. The result demonstrated that main and sub hypotheses of this research were approved at the confidence level of 99%.  <#LINE#> @ @ Moshabaki Asghar and Khazai Anahita, Tarahi Model Anasor Tafakor Strategic Dar Sazmanhaye Irani, Modiriat Bazargani journal, fall and winter issue, 105-118 (2009) @No $ @ @ Zarei Ibrahim and Gholiha Ali Mohamad, Modiriat va BarnamehRizi Strategic, Payam publication, Tehran, (2011) @No $ @ @ Agha Zade Hashem, Tose’eTafakor Strategic, Yek Ghabeliyat Asli, Tadbir Publication, (149) 18-23 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mintzberg Henry, The fall and rise of strategic planning, Harvard business review, 107-114 (1994) @No $ @ @ Gaunt R., Leyens J.P. and Demoulin S., Intergroup relations and the attribution of emotions: Control over memory for secondary emotions associated with the in-group and outgroup, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, (38), 508–514 (2002) @No $ @ @ Flavell J.H., The development of children’s knowledge about the appearance-reality distinction, American Psychologist, (41), 418–425 (1986) @No $ @ @ Neely A. and Adams C., Perspectives on performance: The performance prism, forthcoming in Journal of Cost Management, (2002) @No $ @ @ Rahnavard Farajolah, Affective Factors on Performance enhance in the Public Sector Organizations of Iran Pazhuheshnameh modiriat, (31), 79 (2009) @No $ @ @ Turner Ian, Strategy, complexity and uncertainty, http://www.poollone.com/archive/ issfea5. Html, 1-12, (1998) @No $ @ @ Williamson Peter J., Strategy as options on the future, 157 (2005) @No $ @ @ Aghaei M., Kazemi A., Deilami Moezzi A. Rajabian M., Beigand M. and Asadollahi A., Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction in Subsidiaries of the Largest Business Holding in Iran Using the Model of Altman,  Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(8), 40-46 (2013) @No $ @ @ Aghaei M., Taghizadeh GH., Asadollahi A., Noormohammadi M., Yazdani Cherati N. and Firouzidost N., Presenting a Method for a Robust Prediction of Time Series Used in Financial Issues in an Automotive Manufacturing Company, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(10), 22-32 (2013) @No $ @ @ Aghaei M., Asadollahi A., Tonekabon M., Tajasom N. and Abbasi S., Investigating the Impact of Store Brand Price-Image and Retailer Equity Dimensions on ETKA Chain Store Customer’s Purchase Intention, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(11), 5-11 (2013) @No $ @ @ Aghaei M., Vahedi E., Asadollahi A. and Safari-Kahreh M., An empirical Investigating to Effects of services Marketing mix on Brand Dimensions in Order to enhance brand Equity in the Tehran’s Chain Stores, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 3(2), 43-60 (2014) @No 
<#LINE#>Developing A Scale Sport Brand Personality in Iranian Sport Teams<#LINE#>Amin@Asadollahi,Hanzaee@KambizHeidarzadeh,MohammadAli@Abdolv,Hamideh@Reshadatjooh<#LINE#>83-87<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJRS-2014-964.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Business Management, College of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN<#LINE#>2/5/2014<#LINE#>12/11/2014<#LINE#>  Brands are among a company's most valuable assets and smart companies today realize that capitalizing on their brands is important. Based on above discussion, the purpose of this study is to gain in deep understanding about how can be create a local brand, and know challenges, processes and key principles. Research question have been developed in order to reach an above statements. Research question: "What are the challenges and key factors for success on creating Brand in Iran?" The objective of local brand, Model (Phonotis Semantic, Phonosemantic), selected the significant element in linguistic and cognitive perspective, that, creative local brands (consisting of an Iranian name parried with 3 elements of brand perspective in research Model). In this research offered a conceptual framework for managing brand name in an electronic industry market of Iran. As we discussed selecting a local brand name is the important part of conceptual framework for creating local brand. In the creating local brand name process, translation of foreign brand name that is global and international is one way to localize it.<#LINE#> @ @ Jefkins Frank, Planned public relation 3 therd, bleckie and professional  Glasgow (1993) @No $ @ @ Aaker J.L. Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34 (3), 347–356. (1997) @No $ @ @ Donavan D.T., Carlson B. and Zimmerman M., Personality influences on spectator need for affiliation and identification, Sport Marketing Quarterly, 14 (1) 31-42. (2005a) @No $ @ @ Donavan D.T., Janda S. and Maxham J.G., The impact of brand connection and intimacy on identification and spending, Proceedings of the American Marketing Association Summer Educator’s Conference, San Francisco, CA. (2005b) @No $ @ @ Kim Y., Oh J. and Ko Y.J., Revalidation of brand personality scale for sport sponsorship evaluation”, Proceedings of the 2008 North American Society for Sport Management Conference, Toronto, May 28-31, (2008) @No $ @ @ Ross S.D., Assessing the use of the brand personality scale in team sport, International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 3(1/2) 23-38 (2008) @No $ @ @ Smith A., Graetz B.R. and Westerbeek H.M, Brand personality in a membership-based organization, International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 11, 251-266 (2006) @No $ @ @ Musante M., Milne G.R. and McDonald M.A., Sport sponsorship: the role of personality matching, International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 1(1) 32-47 (1999) @No $ @ @ Austin J.R., Siguaw J.A. and Mattila A.S., A reexamination of the generalizability of the Aaker brand personality measurement framework, Journal of Strategic Marketing, 11(June) 77-92 (2003) @No $ @ @ Cramton P., Cartel Enforcement with Uncertainty About Costs, International Economic Review, 31, 17–47 (2004) @No $ @ @ Heerden C.H., Factor affecting decision- making in south Africa sport sponsorship, (2002) @No $ @ @ Schaaf D., Sports Marketing: Its Not Just a Game Anymore, Prometheus Books, Amherst, NY (1995) @No $ @ @ Deloitte, available at: www.horseracingintfed.com/ resources/WorldMedia/ICHA_2007/Switzer_2007E.pdf (2007) @No $ @ @ Badenhausen K., Ozanian M.K. and Roney M., The business of football, Forbes.com, available at: http:// sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id¼2572739 (2007) @No $ @ @ Carlson B.D., Donavan D.T. and Cumiskey K.J., Consumer-brand relationships in sport: brand personality and identification, International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 37(4) 370-384 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bergami M. and Bagozzi R.P., Self-categorization, affective commitment and group self-esteem as distinct aspects of social identity in the organization, British Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 555-577 (2000) @No $ @ @ Calder B.J., Phillips L.W. and Tybout A.M., Designing research for application, Journal of Consumer Research, , 197-207 (1981) @No $ @ @ Tsiotsou R, Developing a scale for measuring the personality of sport teams, Journal of Services Marketing, 26(4), 238-252 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rosenberger P.J and Donahay B., Brand Personality Differentiation in Formula One Motor Racing: An Australian View, Marketing Bulletin. 19, 1-14 (2007) @No $ @ @ Aghaei M., Kazemi A., Deilami Moezzi A., Rajabian M., Beigand M. and Asadollahi A., Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction in Subsidiaries of the Largest Business Holding in Iran Using the Model of Altman, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(8), 40-46 (2013) @No $ @ @ Aghaei M., Taghizadeh GH., Asadollahi A., Noormohammadi M., Yazdani Cherati N. and Firouzidost N., Presenting a Method for a Robust Prediction of Time Series Used in Financial Issues in an Automotive Manufacturing Company, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(10), 22-32 (2013) @No $ @ @ Aghaei M., Asadollahi A., Tonekabon M., Tajasom N., and Abbasi S., Investigating the Impact of Store Brand Price-Image and Retailer Equity Dimensions on ETKA Chain Store Customer’s Purchase Intention, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(11), 5-11 (2013) @No $ @ @ Aghaei M., Vahedi E., Asadollahi A. and Safari-Kahreh M., An empirical Investigating to Effects of services Marketing mix on Brand Dimensions in Order to enhance brand Equity in the Tehran’s Chain Stores, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 3(2), 43-60 (2014) @No $ @ @ Aghaei M., Hayati M. and Asadollahi A., Effect of Integrated Marketing Communication Infrastructures on Brand Personality to Improve the Performance of the Brand in Iran’s Chain Stores, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 3(5), 1-7 (2014) @No  
<#LINE#>Introducing the Effectiveness of Group Training of Hope on the rate of Hope and Fear of Failure among Female Martial Artists<#LINE#>Sepahv@Maryam,Farshad@Bahari,Aliakbar@Pormouzeh,TolooeeQarachanaq@Alireza,Khademi@Samaneh<#LINE#>88-94<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJRS-2014-1014.pdf<#LINE#>Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Borojerd, IRAN<#LINE#>5/5/2014<#LINE#>25/10/2014<#LINE#>  The purpose of this research it to investigate the effectiveness of group training of hope on increasing of hope and decreasing fear of failure among female martial artists who referred to Khoram Abad clubs.  This study is a semi-experimental research using pre-and post-test with control group applied on female martial artists of 18 to 35 years old in Khoram Abad city that were selected using random sampling method. At first the Snyder’s hope test and Ken’s fear of failure test were performed on participants and then 24 individuals that acquired the least score in the hope and the most score in fear of failure test were selected. From among these individuals 12 individuals were selected using simple random selection for experimental group and 12 individuals were selected for control group. Hope therapy treatment was performed on two experimental and control groups, 10 seasons, each session 2 hours in a week. To analyze data covariance analysis was used. Result of covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between averages scores of experimental and control group. Therefore, group training of hope was influential on the rate of hope and fear of failure among female martial artists and the follow up result had a sufficient stability. <#LINE#> @ @ Bahari F, Principles of Hope and Hope Therapy, Danje Publications, 89, (2011) @No $ @ @ Rajabi Gh, (Analyzing Relationship between Self-criticism Social Anxiety and Fear of Failure or Internalized Shame, Clinical psychological studies and fear of failure with internalized shame, Researches of clinical psychologyand consultation,Ferdowsi Mashhad University, 1(2)@No $ @ @ Sabonchi, Comparison of Strategies in Sport Studies Management and Biological Research in Management of Biological Influences with, (4), 87-92 (2013) @No $ @ @  Ampofo Boateng K., Understanding Sport Psychology, (2009) @No $ @ @  Conroy D.E., Kaye M.P. and Fifer A.M., Cognitive Links between Fear of Failure and Perfectionism, Journal of Rational Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 25,237-253 (2007) @No $ @ @  Conroy D.E., Willow J.P. and Metzler J.N., Multidimensional Fear of Failure Measurement: The Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory, Journal of Applied Sport, (2002) @No $ @ @  Sagar S.S., Lavallee D. and Spray C.M., Coping with the effects of fear of failure, (2009) @No $ @ @  Scheier MF., Carver C.S. and Bridges M.W., Optimism, and psychological well-bing, In E.C. Change (Ed) Optimism and pessimism, Washington, D.S.: American psychological Association, 189-216 (2001) @No $ @ @  Snyder C.R., Handbook of Hope. Copyright by Academic press., (2002) @No $ @ @  Snyder C.R., The Psychology of Hope: You can get there from here, Free press. USA (1994) @No $ @ @ Affleck G. and Tennen H., Construing Benefits from Adversity: Adaptational Significance and Dispositional Underpinnings, Journal of Personality 64 (1996) @No $ @ @  Snyder C.R., Irving L.M. and Anderson J.R., Hope and Health, In C. R., (1991) @No $ @ @  Golzari M., Reliability of Snider’s Hope scale, Allameh Tabatabaee Tehran, (2007) @No $ @ @  Birrer R.B., Trauma Epidemiology in the Martial arts the Result of an Eighteen Year Survey, American journal of sport medicine, 24, 572-579 (1996) @No $ @ @  Abdoli B., Specifying Stability and Reliability of Evaluation Performance in Performance and Learning Sport Movement, 12, 37-48 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bijari H., Ghanbari Hashem Abadi B. and Agha Mohamadian Sherbaf H.R., introducing the effectiveness of group therapy on the basis of hope therapy on the rate of increasing the hope in the life of women afflicted to breast cancer, The Journal of educational and psychological studies of Ferdawsi University, 10(1), (2009) @No $ @ @  Irving M.L., Snyder C.R., Gravel L., Hanke J., Hilberg P. and Nelson N., Hope and the effectiveness of a pre-therapy orientation group from community mental health center clients, Paper presented at the Western psychological Association Convention, Seattle, WA, (1997) @No $ @ @  Klausner E., Snyder C.R. and cheavens J., A hope-based group treatment for depressed older adult outpatienst's, in G.M. Williamson, P.A., (2000) @No $ @ @  Cheavens S.J., Gum A., Feldman B.D., Micheal S.T. and Snyder C.R., A group intervention to increase hope in a community sample, Poster presented at American Psychological Association, San Francisco (2001) @No $ @ @  Snyder C.R., Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Nurturing Hope, Journal of counseling and Development, 73(3),355-360 (1996) @No $ @ @  Elliott T.R., Witty T.E., Herrick S. and Hoffman J.T., Negotiatating Reality after Physical Loss: Hope, depression and disability, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,61, 608 -613 (1991) @No $ @ @ Feldman B.D. and Snyder C.R., Hope and the meaningful life: theoretical and empirical associations between goal-directed thinking and life meaning, Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(3), 401-421 (2005) @No $ @ @ Snyder C.R., Cheavens J. and Michael S.T., Hoping, In C.R. Snyder (ed.), coping: The psychology of what works, New York: Oxford University Press (1992) @No $ @ @ Snyder C.R., Handbook of HOPE: Theory, measures, and  Applications, (Edited by C.R. Snyder) Academic Press. USA ss (2000) @No  
<#LINE#>The Role of Anatolia Alavis in Safavid-Ottoman Relations (From Sheikh Safi to Shah Abbas I)<#LINE#>Mohammadi@Hasan,Davoud@Esfahanian<#LINE#>95-102<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJRS-2014-1122.pdf<#LINE#>Department of History, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN @ Department of History, Islamic Azad University of Shabestar, Shabestar, IRAN  <#LINE#>22/5/2014<#LINE#>10/11/2014<#LINE#>  Safavid doctrine was initially favorite with many of its proponents. For that reason, the Safavid diverted all their preaching attempts towards Anatolia. Claiming that they are Alavi and Seyyed, they could attract Anatolia Alavis who were dissatisfied with Ottoman Empire. Anatolia Alavis also played the main role in Shah Ismail's uprising and in promoting the Safavid doctrine to the Safavid sovereignty. The Safavid support of Anatolia Alavis brought about some tensions between both Safavid and Ottoman governments. This research attempts to scientifically and systematically study the role of Anatolia Alavis in social and political relations between the Ottomans and Safavid. The author of current research seeks to answer the questions that what the role of Anatolia Alavis was regarding the Safavid and Ottoman relations. In response to the abovementioned question, two hypotheses are put forth: i. The Safavid support of Anatolia Alavis led to the Alavis' uprising against the Ottoman Empire; hence, strained relations between two governments. ii. Immigration of Anatolia Alavis from the Ottoman to Iranian territory cause some various economical and social problems for the Ottoman sovereignty; hence, the conflict between the two states.  <#LINE#> @ @  Savory RM, Iran Under the Safavids, Translated by Azizi K, Markaz Publishing, 12 (2012) @No $ @ @  For more readings: Kasravi A , Sheikh Safi and his Descendants, Iran Name mag. Year 13, 375 –386 (1995) @No $ @ @  Unknown Author, The Safavid Alam Aray, by the attempt of Shokri Y, Tehran, Ettelaat, 26 (2012) @No $ @ @  Monshi Torkaman E , The History of Abbasid Alam Aray, adjusted by Afshar I, Tehran, Amir Kabir Publication, 1, 16 (2003) @No $ @ @  Samargandi KA, Matlaossa'din va Majmaolbahrin, 2, Chap. 1, 407-408 (2010) @No $ @ @  Mohsen Al-Amin, A'yanoshie, Beirut, Darottaa'rof, 14, 236–305 (2003) @No $ @ @  Mezavy M , Emergence of the Safavid state, translated by Azhand Y, Tehran, Gostare publication, 140 (2006) @No $ @ @  Hakki uzun charshili, I, Ottoman history, translated by Vahab Vali, Humanities and Cultural Studies, Ttehran 254, (2002) @No $ @ @  Sumer F, Anatolian Turks role in the formation and development of the Safavid state, translated by Eshragi E and Emami Khoyi M T, Tehran, gostare publication, 15 (1992) @No $ @ @  Unknown Author, Alam Ara Safavi, edited by Yadollah Shokri, Taeran, Ettelaat publication, 16, (1984) @No $ @ @  Mezavy M, Emergence of the Safavid state, translated by Azhand Y, Tehran, Gostare publication, 155, (1989) @No $ @ @  Gazvini YA, Lobottavarikh, Tehran, Boniad and Gooya publication, 291 (1984) @No $ @ @  Rumlu H, Ahsanottavarikh, Edited by Navaei A, Tehran, Translation and Publication Board publication, 58, (2013) @No $ @ @  Monshi Torkaman E, The History of Abbasid Alam Aray, adjusted by Afshar I, Tehran, Amir Kabir Publication, 1, 20, (2003) @No $ @ @  Savory RM, Iran Under the Safavids, translated by Azizi K , Tehran, Markaz publication, 21 (2012) @No $ @ @  Parsadoost M  and Shah Ismail I, Tehran, Sahami Publication, 242 (2013) @No $ @ @  Safavid Alam Aray, edited by Yadollah Shokri, Taeran, Ettelaat publication, 64, (1984) @No $ @ @  Khand Mir AM, Iran in Shah Ismail and Shah Tahmasb Era, Tehran, 96–97 (2013) @No $ @ @  Feridun Beyk, Monshaatossalatin, Istanbul, 1, 345 (1858) @No $ @ @  Purgstall H , History of the Ottoman Empire, translated by Aliabadi M Z, Tehran, Zarrin Publication, 2, 933 (2011) @No $ @ @  Brown E, A Literary History of Iran(from the Safavid up to modern time) (1908) , translated by Megdadi B, Tehran, Morvarid, 19 (1998) @No $ @ @  Sykes P, A History of Persia (MacMillan–1915)  , translated by Fakhr Daghi Gilani  MT, Tehran, Elmi Publications, 231 (2011) @No $ @ @  Gazi Ahmad Qomi SH H, Kholasatottavarikh, corrected by Eshraqi E, Tehran University, 129 (2012) @No $ @ @  Espanegchi Pashazadeh, M  A, Coup properties between Islam and commoners(Living history and battle Safavid Shah Ismail and King Salim), Qom, Dalil Publication, 118 (2014) @No $ @ @   Qazvini M T, The History of Abbasi Jahan Aray, 39 (2004) @No $ @ @   Vahid Gazvini M T and Tarikh Jahan Ara Abbasi, edited by Mohammad Sadeg S, Tehran, Humanities and Cultural Studies, 405-406 (2013) @No $ @ @  Falsafi N, The Biography of Shah Abbas I, Tehran, Elmi Publications, 3, 893 (2009) @No  
<#LINE#>Operations Practices and Competitive Priorities: Impact of the Operations Strategy on Performance<#LINE#>Eloísa@Díaz-Garrido,Martín@Pena, MaríaLuzSánchez-López@José María<#LINE#>103-114<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJRS-2014-1125.pdf<#LINE#>Rey Juan Carlos University, P Artilleros, s/n 28032 Madrid, SPAIN<#LINE#>23/4/2014<#LINE#>31/10/2014<#LINE#>  Despite the significant attention that part of the literature has devoted to the operations strategy, most studies analyse the different variables involved in isolation. This paper proposes a theoretical model to identify the causal relations between three key variables in operations management: operations practices, competitive priorities, and firm performance. The data for this study come from Spanish industrial firms belonging to various sectors of activity, and the hypotheses are tested using structural equations analysis. The more important findings are that if firms design an operations strategy on the basis of a greater number of structural and infrastructural practices, they will be able to improve their competitive advantages in operations. The results also show that competitive priorities in operations can have a direct, positive effect on firm performance.  <#LINE#> @ @  Lillis B. and Lane R., Auditing the strategic role of operations, Int. J. of Management Rev., 9(3), 191–210 (2007) @No $ @ @  Dangayach G.S. and Deshmukh S.G., Manufacturing Strategy. Literature Review and Some Issues, Int. J. of Operations and Production Management, 21(7), 884-932 (2001) @No $ @ @  Skinner W., Manufacturing Missing Link in Corporate Strategy, Harvard Business Review, 47, 136-145 (1969) @No $ @ @  Wheelwright SC, Manufacturing Strategy: Defining the Missing Link, Strategic Management J., 5(1), 77-91 (1984) @No $ @ @  Hayes R.H. and Wheelwright S.C., Restoring Our Competitive Edge: Competing through Manufacturing. New York: John Wiley (1984) @No $ @ @  Buffa E., Meeting the Competitive Challenge, Dow Jones-Irwin: Homewood, IL, (1984) @No $ @ @  Hill T., Teaching manufacturing strategy, Int. J. of Operations and Production Management, 6(3), 10–20 (1986) @No $ @ @  Ward P. and Duray R., Manufacturing Strategy in Context: Environment, Competitive Strategy and Manufacturing Strategy, J. of Operations Management, 18(2), 123-138 (2000) @No $ @ @  Oltra M.J. and Flor M.L., The moderating effect of business strategy on the relationship between operations strategy and firms’ results, Int. J. of Operations and Production Management, 30(5-6), 612-638 (2000) @No $ @ @  Narasimhan R., Swink M. and Kim S.W., An exploratory study of manufacturing practice and performance interrelationships. Implications for capability progression, Int. J. of Operations and Production Management, 25(10), 1013-1033 (2005) @No $ @ @ Swink M., Narasimhan R. and Kim S.W., Manufacturing practices and strategy integration: effects on cost efficiency, flexibility, and market-based performance, Decision Science, 36(3), 427-435 (2005) @No $ @ @  Díaz E., Martín M.L. and García F.E., Structural and infrastructural practices as elements of content operations strategy, Int. J. of Production Research, 45(9), 2119-2140 (2007) @No $ @ @  Morita M., Flynn E.J. and Ochiai S., Strategic management cycle: The underlying process building aligned linkage among operations practices, Intl. J. of Production Economics, 133, 530-540 (2011) @No $ @ @  White G.P.A, Meta–Analysis Model of Manufacturing Capabilities, J. of Operations Management, 14(4), 315-331 (1996) @No $ @ @  Noble M.A., Manufacturing Competitive Priorities and Productivity: An empirical Study, Int. Operations and Production Management, 17(1), 85-99 (1997) @No $ @ @  Corbett C. and Claridge G.S., Key Manufacturing Capability Elements and Business Performance, Int. J. of Production Research, 40(1), 109-131 (2002) @No $ @ @  Kathuria R., Partovi F.Y. and Greenhaus J.H., Leadership practices, competitive priorities, and manufacturing group performance, Int. J. of Operations and Production Management, 30(9-10), 1080-1105 (2010) @No $ @ @  Brown S., Squire B. and Blackmon K., The Contribution of Manufacturing Strategy Involvement and Alignment to World-Class Manufacturing Performance, Int. J. of Operations and Production Management, 27(3), 282-302 (2007) @No $ @ @  Ketokivi M.A. and Schroeder R., Manufacturing Practices, Strategic Fit and Performance a Routine-based view, Int. J. of Operations and Production Management, 24(2), 171-191 (2004) @No $ @ @  Cua K.O., McKone K.E. and Schroeder R.G., Relationships between implementation of TQM, JIT, and TPM and manufacturing performance, J. of Operations Management, 19, 675-694 (2001) @No $ @ @  Peng D.X., Schroeder R.G. and Shah R., Competitive priorities, plant improvement and innovation capabilities, and operational performance, A test of two forms of fit, Int. J. of Operations and Production Management, 31(5), 484-510 (2011) @No $ @ @  Kim J.S. and Arnold P., Operationalizing Manufacturing Strategy: An Exploratory Study of Construct and Linkage, Int. J. of Operations and Production Management, 16(12), 45-73 (1996) @No $ @ @  Swamidass P.M. and Newell W.T., Manufacturing Strategy, Environmental Uncertainty and Performance: A Path Analytical Model, Management Science, 33(4), 509-524 (1987) @No $ @ @  Avella L., Fernández E. and Vázquez C.J., Análisis de las Estrategias de Fabricación como Factor Explicativo de la Competitividad de la Gran Empresa Industrial Española, Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa, 4, 235-258 (1999) @No $ @ @  Acur N., Gertsen F., Sun H. and Fick J., The formalisation of Manufacturing Strategy and its Influence on the relationship between competitive objectives, improvement goals, and action plans, Int. J. of Operations and Production Management, 23(10), 1114-1141 (2003) @No $ @ @  Boyer K.K. and McDermott C., Strategic Consensus in Operations Strategy, J. of Operations Management, 17(2), 289-305 (1999) @No $ @ @  Rho B.H., Park K. and Yu Y.M., An International Comparison of the Effect of Manufacturing Implementation Gap on Business Performance, Int. J. of Production Economics, 70, 89-97 (2001) @No $ @ @  Amoako-Gyampah K. and Acquaah M., Manufacturing Strategy, Competitive Strategy and Firm Performance, Int. J. of Production Economics 111, 575-592 (2008) @No $ @ @  Vickery S.K., Dröge C. and Markland R.E., Dimensions of Manufacturing Strength in the Furniture Industry, J. of Operations Management, 15(4), 317-330 (1997) @No $ @ @  Brown S., Squire B. and Lewis M., The impact of inclusive and fragmented operations strategy processes on operational performance, International J. of Production Research, 48(14) 4179-4198 (2010) @No $ @ @  Lehmann D.R., Gupta S. and Steckel J.H., Marketing Research, New York: Addison-Wesley, New York (1999) @No $ @ @  Bollen K. Structural Equations with Latent Variables. New York: John Wiley and Sons (1989) @No $ @ @  Joshi M.P., Kathuria R. and Port S.J., Alignment of Strategic Priorities and Performance: An Integration of Operations and Strategic Management Perspective, J. of Operations Management, 21, 353-369 (2002) @No $ @ @  Demeter, K. Manufacturing Strategy and Competitiveness, Int. J. of Production Economics 81-82, 205-213 (2003) @No  
<#LINE#>Investigation of Relationship between Ego's Strength, Self-Control, and Self-Esteem in Students of Tehran’s Shahed University<#LINE#>AliRezaTolooee@Qarachanaq,Aliakbar@Pormouzeh,MohammadMirza@Loo<#LINE#>115-119<#LINE#>16.ISCA-RJRS-2014-1136.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Clinical Psychology, Alireza Tolooee Qarachanaq, Tehran, IRAN @ Department of Translation Studies, Alireza Tolooee Qarachanaq, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>24/5/2014<#LINE#>7/10/2014<#LINE#>  Given the importance of ego, coping styles and self-control in adjustment and mental health, this study aims to investigate the relationship between these three variables among university students for establishing psychological well-being. The present study is a descriptive-correlative study and its research population consists of all the students enrolled in the Master Plan of the Tehran’s Shahed University in 1390. Using random sampling method, a proportion of 10% of the total number of enrolled students were selected as the samples. The sample size was 330 male and female students and the mean age of participants was 21.71. The questionnaires used consisted of three questionnaires: ego's strength, self-esteem and self-control, and demographic information (including gender, college, education, age, and marital status, etc). For data analysis, descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, such as independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient, and SPSS software version 18 were used. The results showed significant relationship of between variables of difference means on the variable of ego's strength self-esteem, self-control and ego's strength (p= 0/020/05), and the ration for women is more than men. Also, from among the components of ego's strength, the level of care (p= 0/000 0/05), love (p= 0/0010/05), loyalty (p=0/0430/05), competence (p=0/0020/05) and hope (p=0/0490/05) varies between the two groups. It is higher in women than men. However, the correlation coefficients of these variables of self-control, self-esteem and ego's strength indicate a significant relationship among variables (p=0/0000/05). According to the results, the levels of ego's strength, self-esteem and self-control were related. It is recommended that clinicians pay special attention to this result as secondary prevention in matters related to counseling and psychotherapy. And, thus by knowing the above personality traits, they can analyze the levels of ego's strength among them and to predict and complete health steps. <#LINE#> @ @ Fyst S.M., Theories of Personality, Nashre-Virayesh., 288-291 (2002) @No $ @ @ Altafi Shirmard R., Comparison and Study of ego's strength and personality traits of those dependent on using drugs and those not, Master's thesis in clinical psychology, Shahed University of Tehran, 57-60 (2009) @No $ @ @ Markstrom Carol A. and Marshal shelia K., The psychological inventory of ego strengths: Examination of theory and psycholuetric properties, Journal of adolescence., 30, 63-79 (2007) @No $ @ @ Boumeister Roy f., Heatherton Todd F. and Dianne M., When ego threat lead to self-regulation failor (negative consequence of hight self-steem) Journal of personality and social psychology., vol.64 (1993) @No $ @ @ Bumeister Roy F., Ego Depletion and Self-control Depletion: an Energy Model of the Self’s Executive Function, Journal of institution of health, psychology press., 88-68 (2002) @No $ @ @ Marshall Reeve J., Motivation and Emotion, Translated by Sayed  Mohamadi Y., Tehran. Nashre Virayesh, 55-58 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ellison Jo M., Ego Threats and Self-Esteem: the Impact of Social Comparison on Relationships, Journal of personality and social psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070 (2008) @No $ @ @ Roy F, Baumeister, Todd F., Heatherton and Dianne M., Tice, When Ego Threat Lead to Self-Regulation Failure: Negative Consequences of High Self-Esteem, Journal of personality., 64(1), 141-156 (1993) @No $ @ @ Kathleen D. Vohs. And Todd F. Heatherton., The Effect of Self-Esteem and Ego Threat on Inter Personal Apprisial of Men and Women, The Society for Personality and Social Psychology, PSPB., 29(11), 1407-1420 (2003) @No $ @ @ Riberio Lusia A. and Hauser Stuart T., Ego Development and Psychosocial Functioning in Young Adult with and without Psychiatric History, Journal of youth and adolescence., 13(6), (2009) @No $ @ @ Shari A., The Relationship between Self-Esteem, Locus of Control among the Staff of Iran Khodro Company, Master's thesis in clinical psychology. Shahed University of Tehran., 78-79 (2006) @No $ @ @ Cyrus Najaf Abadi F., The Study of Reliability and Validity of the Short form of Self-Regulated Inventory (S-SRI) in Non-Clinical Samples in Iran. Master's thesis in clinical psychology, Shahed University of Tehran., 87 -88 (2009) @No $ @ @ Herber J.T., The Effects of Hypnotic Ego Strengthening On Self-Esteem, Washington State UniversityMay., 1-80 (2006) @No $ @ @ Laura B., Developmental Psychology, Translated by Seyed Mohammadi, Y (Volume 1), Tehran, Arasbaran Publication., 90-92 (2007) @No @   
<#LINE#>Perceived Brand Age Scale Development<#LINE#>Leila@Andervazh,Hossein@Vazifehdust<#LINE#>120-126<#LINE#>17.ISCA-RJRS-2014-1147.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Business Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN<#LINE#>27/5/2014<#LINE#>14/11/2014<#LINE#>  This research introduces a methodology for developing a scale measurement of the perceived brand age. In short, it starts with a literature survey on the perceived brand age and its principals together with identifying its influential factors. In order to scale development, the relevant items are used. For this purpose, we used literature in the construct of perceived brand age together with asking the opinions of marketing experts. After a test of validity and reliability in the first place, we asked for the opinion of KIA’s consumers in Tehran to conduct the research. By the same token, a total number of 450 questionnaires were used for the data analysis. In the second place, after proposing Brand attractiveness, Brand uniqueness together with Market roles in the marketplace as new dimensions for the perceived brand age, EFA in combination with CFA are applied via smart PLS to check the performance of the measurement respecting the dimensions. In the final analysis, a final measurement consisting of 13 Items; 5 items for brand Attractiveness, 6 items for brand Uniqueness and 2 items for Market role in the marketplace is devised. <#LINE#> @ @ Guillory M.D., perceived brand age and influence on choice, Diss.Georgia State University, (2012) @No $ @ @ Lehu J.M., Back to life!, Why brands grow old and sometimes die and what managers then do: an exploratory qualitative research put into the French context, Journal ofMarketing Communications, 10(2), 133-152 (2004) @No $ @ @ Repease J and Gertner D., An Assessment of the Impact of Perceived Brand Age on Brand Attitudes, 5th Annual American Business Research Conference 6-7 June, USA(2013) @No $ @ @ Darpy D. and Levesque A, The Perceived Brand Age, (2003) @No $ @ @ Aaker J.L, Brumbaugh A, Grier S., Nontarget Markets and Viewer Distinctiveness: The Impact of Target Marketing on Advertising Attitudes, Journal of consumer  and Psychology,9(3), 127–140 (2000) @No $ @ @ Azoulay A. and Kapferer J.N., Do brand personality scales really measure brand Personality?, Journal of Brand Management, 11(2), 143-155 (2003) @No $ @ @ Fournier S., Consumers and Their Brands: Developing Relationship Theory in Consumer Research, The Journal of consumer research, 24(4), 343-373 (1998) @No $ @ @ Kotler P., Armstrong G. and Starr R.G, Principles of marketing (5th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991) 9.Whittler T.E., The effects of actors’ race in commercial advertising: Review and Extension, Journal of Advertising, 20,54–60 (1989) @No $ @ @ Meyers-Levy J., The influence of sex roles on judgment, Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 522–530 (1989) @No $ @ @ Tepper K., The role of labeling processes in elderly consumers’ responses to age Segmentation cues, Journal of Consumer Research, 20,503–520 (1994) @No $ @ @ Williams J.D., Qualls W.J. and Grier S.A., Racially exclusive advertising: Public policy implications for fair housing practices, Journal of Public Policy and Marketing,14, 225–244 (1995) @No $ @ @ Brumbaugh A.M., Targeting two worlds: The impact of source and other cues on Culture-bound responses to targeted advertising (Working Paper), Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University, (1997) @No $ @ @ Deshpande R. and Stayman D., A tale of two cities: Distinctiveness Theory and advertising effectiveness, Journal of Marketing Research, 31, 57–64 (1994) @No $ @ @ Gronhaug K. and Rostvig L., Target groups and advertising messages, Journal of Advertising Research, 18(2), 23–28 (1978) @No $ @ @ Whittler T.E. and DiMeo J., Viewers reactions to racial cues in advertising stimuli, Journal of Advertising Research, 31(6), 37–46 (1991) @No $ @ @ Star S.H., Marketing and its discontents, Harvard Business Review, (12), 148–154 (1989) @No $ @ @ Greco A.J., Representation of the elderly in advertising: Crisis or inconsequence, Journal of Consumer Marketing,37–44 (1989) @No $ @ @ Lipman J., December 12, Stroh ad campaign spins out of control, Wall Street Journal, B6 (1991) @No 
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Investigating Impact of Organizational Entrepreneurship on Insurance Penetration Rate<#LINE#>Atena@Ahmadi,Taleghani@Gholamreza<#LINE#>127-133<#LINE#>18.ISCA-RJRS-2014-265.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Management Tehran University Faculty of, IRAN <#LINE#>29/1/2014<#LINE#>7/10/2014<#LINE#>  Organizational entrepreneurship refers to the concept that we can provide clients with our new services and products based on their needs, only by establishing appropriate conditions in the organization. Insurance companies are known as servicing companies which encounter with a variety of clients and needs. Therefore, in order to maintain their position in competitive market, and increase their penetration among their clients, they need some innovative achievements in various fields. These innovative ideas can be performed only through establishment of an entrepreneur organization by organizational entrepreneurship strategies. In this research we applied a questionnaire as an instrument to help us investigate the impact of two organizational entrepreneurship strategies on insurance penetration rate and at the end we gather the results of analyzed data and make a conclusion. <#LINE#> @ @ Rezaian A, Principles of Organization and Management, Tehran,  Samt Publication, (2006) @No $ @ @ Nahid M, Why Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship at One Glance, Business investigations (2009) @No $ @ @ Yazdan Bakhsh M, Organizational Entrepreneurship, Articles of prospect document of Islamic Republic of Iran (2011) @No $ @ @ Gholamian A., Veisi SA and Veisi SR, Organizational Entrepreneurship and Culture, Tadbir monthly magazine (2007) @No $ @ @ Haghshenas A., Jamshidian M, Shaemi A, Shahin A andYazdanshenas M, The pattern of organizational entrepreneurship in Iran's public sector, Iran's Management Science Journal, 31-73 (2007) @No $ @ @ Najmabadi A. and Dehghan Piran M, Investigating Intermediate Role of Organizational Learning on Relation between Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Entrepreneurship, Case study on; Representatives of an insurance company in Saveh Province, News of Insurance World, (2011) @No $ @ @ Rajabi M and Dehghan R, Comparative Studies on Behavioral Barriers of Organizational Entrepreneurship in Insurance Industry in Public Sector and Non-governmental Sections, The first national conference of management and entrepreneurship,  Payam-e-noor of Khansar County, (2012) @No $ @ @ Najmabadi A, Dehghan, Rezazade AD, Banadaki S and Ruderi K, Investigating The Role of Organizational Structure in Entrepreneurial Tendency of Employees of the Organization in Insurance Industry, Case study on; Representatives of Kar-Afarin Insurance Company in Yazd Province, 18th National Conference and 14th International Insurance and Development Seminar, Tehran. Insurance Research Center, (2011) @No $ @ @ Imanpour N. and Zivdar M, Investigating the relation between organizational entrepreneurship tendency and performance, Case study on; Sales representatives of Iran insurance company, in Tehran, Entrepreneurial development, 11-34 (2008) @No $ @ @ Shekarey A. and Heidarzadeh S.A., A Study on the effectiveness of occupational trainings of insurance on the performance of the insurance companies' employees in terms of entrepreneurial skills, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 329–334 (2010) @No $ @ @ Murty Grk, Insurance Education in India: A Prospective View, Asia Insurance Review (2002) @No $ @ @ Upadhye Jayashree, Entrepreneurship Among Poverty-ridden Women: The Confidence Building Index, International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 3(2),(2012) @No $ @ @ Deshpande Sunil and Sethi Sunita, Women entrepreneurship in India,  Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan,II(9-10), (2009) @No $ @ @ Roshan Lal and Badrinarayan H.S., The role of womenentrepreneur as a change agent in society, Zenith International Journal of Business Economics and Management Research, 1(1),(2011) @No $ @ @ Kaushik Sanjay, Challenges Faced by Women Entrepreneurs in India,  International Journal of Management and Social Sciences Research (IJMSSR), 2(2),(2013) @No $ @ @ Meenu Goyal and Jai Prakash, Women Entrepreneurshipin India-Problems and Prospects, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(5),(2011) @No  
<#LINE#>An Expert System Approach for Quality of Life Evaluation<#LINE#>Irena@Atanasova<#LINE#>134-145<#LINE#>19.ISCA-RJRS-2014-922.pdf<#LINE#> South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Informatics, Blagoevgrad, BULGARIA <#LINE#>23/4/2014<#LINE#>16/10/2014<#LINE#>  The aim of this study is topresent an architectural framework of expert systems and to describe the design, development, and evaluation of an expert system for quality of life evaluation.A general goal of the article is to develop a prototype of expert system for social area to estimate quality of life. The presented expert system for quality of life evaluation was designated to be useful and helpful to specialists in social area. The proposed new expert system uses only qualitative data. That is the way it differs from the old methods for measuring the quality of life and the standard of living; all of them have been using only quantitative data. The expert system also uses certainty factor in its rules indicating the strength of belief in the rule. The system model consists of 150 rules covering 49 indicators of 8 factors for social area. These indicators cover: Economic situation; Housing and environment; Employment, education and skills; Structure of the household and family relationships; Balance between work and life; Health and healthcare; Urban subjective; Concepts of the quality of society. The indicators and the method of quality of life assessment were selected from series of discussions with human experts in the field of social sciences. An expert system shell called CLIPS© is used to develop a prototype of expert system which uses facts and heuristic rules to estimate the quality of life of people. The system was verified and validated for completeness, consistency, and correctness. <#LINE#> @ @ Ferrell B., Theimpactofpain on quality of life, A decade of research, The Nursing Clinics of North America, 30(4), 609 (1995) @No $ @ @ Oort F., Using structural equation modeling to detect response shifts and truechange, Quality of Life Research, 14(3),587-598 (1994) @No $ @ @ European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament: GDP and beyond: measuring progress in a changing world. COM/2009/0433 final, Brussels: Brussels: Retrievable at http://www.beyond-gdp.eu/. 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Population and social conditions, Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, (2002) @No $ @ @ WHO World Health Organization, http://www.who.int /en/, Accessed January 2013, (2013) @No $ @ @ Atanasova I. and Krupka J., On Design and Process of Development of an Expert System for Quality of Life Evaluation, 209) of 'Wulfenia' Journal (2013) @No $ @ @ Atanasova I. and Krupka J., Tools Selection for Design and Development of an Expert System for Social Area Domain, Published in the proceedings of the Fifth international scientific conference FMNS 2013, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria, 169 – 174 (2013) @No $ @ @ Atanasova I. and Krupka J., Architecture and Design of Expert System for Quality of Life Evaluation, Informatica Economica Journal, 173), (2013) @No $ @ @  http://www.revistaie.ase.ro/current.html.Accessed September, (2013) @No $ @ @  Eurofound (project no. 0310), European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Integration of migrants and access to social rights: role of local authorities, http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/ areas/worklifebalance/eswt.htm. Accessed January 2013, (2013)  @No $ @ @  Shakoor A., Shamsoddini A., Karami N., Modabri A. and Hatami M., Evaluation of Factors Affecting Women’s Political Participation in Society Case Study: Women’s Population in Jahrom City (Iran), Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(2), 23-27 (2013) @No $ @ @  Kasparova M., Krupka J. And Jirava P., Approaches to Air Quality Assessment in Locality of the Pardubice Region, Book of proceedings of the 5th International Conference EMAN (2009) @No $ @ @  Taghizadeh H., Moghadam S.S., Yasrebdoost H. and Razmi A.,Evaluation of the Relation of Business Ethics and Job Satisfaction, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(8), 56-62 (2013) @No $ @ @  Long C.S., Jusoh A., Ajagbe M.A. and Ghee L.C., A Review on Job Stressor in the Perspective of Health Care Industry, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(3), 81-86 (2013) @No $ @ @  European Parliament, Report on reconciling professional, family and private lives. 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Vol. 23,  No. , 833–847, Copyright 2008 by the American Psychological Association, (2008) @No $ @ @ Alesina A., La Ferrara E., Who trusts others?, Journal of Public Economics, 85, 207–234  www.elsevier.com/ locate / econbase, (2002) @No $ @ @ Genji P and Doust M.Y., Examining the Effect of the Social Confidence, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(9), 25-28 (2013) @No $ @ @ Saeed M., Shamsodin N. and Ahmad Reza K.M., How Institutional Socialization Tactics Affects the Drivers of Socialization; Newcomers' Proactively and Socialization Outcomes, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(6), 11-16 (2013) @No $ @ @ Turban E., Expert systems and applied artificial intelligence, MacMillan, New York (1992) @No $ @ @ CLIPS (2012) @No $ @ @ http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/clips/ CLIPS. html. Accessed December, (2012) @No $ @ @  CLIPS Documentation (2012) @No $ @ @ http://www.ghg.net/clips /download/documentation/, Accessed December, (2012) @No $ @ @ Carley K., Formalizing the Social Expert's Knowledge. 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@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Creative Accounting: Developing A Model<#LINE#>Kiani@Dur-e-Shawar,Qaisar@MalikA.<#LINE#>146-150<#LINE#>20.ISCA-RJRS-2014-1150.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Business and Economics, FURC, New Lalazar (Off GT Road-Opp. Ayub Park), Rawalpindi, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>28/5/2014<#LINE#>11/10/2014<#LINE#>  The purpose of this paper is to understand the concept of creative accounting well, to differentiate between earnings management and fraud, for which literature review has been thoroughly analyzed. Model has been developed, which demonstrates the parties i.e. Banks, Auditors, Investors, Regulatory authorities etc. that are involved in creative accounting. Accounting professionals take advantage of the loopholes in the accounting regulations to manipulate accounts. Creative accounting can be done either “Beyond the Regulatory requirements” or “Within the Regulatory requirements”. This study suggests that Manipulations can be controlled by the effective implementation of Corporates’ internal control systems, compliance with codes of corporate governance and meeting the financial reporting regulatory requirements. <#LINE#> @ @ Hussey R. and Ong A., Creative Accounting, Do Numbers Reveal the Whole Picture?, Credit Control, 16–20 (1996) @No $ @ @ Naser K., Creative financial accounting: its nature and use, Hemel Hempstead: Prentice Hall (1993) @No $ @ @ Wells J.T., Fraud: The occupational hazards. Accountancy Age, Retrieved from www.accountancyage.com/ aa/feature/1748964/fraud- occupational-hazards, 1 (2009) @No $ @ @ Lord A.T., The prevalence of fraud: What should we, as academics, be doing to address the problem?, Accounting and Management Information Systems, 9(1), 5 (2010) @No $ @ @ Perols J.L. and Lougee B.A., The relation between earnings management and financial statement fraud. 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(2011) @No