Research Journal of Recent Sciences _________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502 Vol. 4(10), 77-85, October (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 77 The study of various types of Participative design based on Contextualism-Regionalism (based on Designing a student’s Science park in Razi University of Kermanshah) Parya PourmohammadiDepartment of Architecture, College of Agriculture, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, IRANAvailable online at: www.isca.in , www.isca.me Received 17th February 2014, revised 18th May2014, accepted 3rd November 2014Abstract The regional feature is the necessary characteristic of each valid architecture. As all buildings form the definite place, all places are not the same and they should have the special features of definite place. The regionalism term was introduced in the late 18th century as one of the main theories of architecture criticism and it asked for continuing the traditions, beliefs and cultural and ethnic values and taking into attention the cultural, geographical and climatic characteristics of a special region and is rooted in deep beliefs as resistance to others culture and returning to the ethnical cultural tradition. The followers of regionalism in participative architecture consider using the features of region in architecture as indirect participation. The various participative types are social gathering, questionnaire participation, consulting design, functional participation, interactional participation, regionalism and indirect participation. This study evaluated various types of participative design that by searching new ways to respond the applied needs in a society, with special features and special definition of it their participative type in design process attempts the effect interference and respond the users in design. The study and analysis of participative samples in various regions showed that using regionalism participative type and indirect participation in the form of considering the models and symbolic buildings, referring to the collective memories and considering the sign qualities in the region can be applied as responding method in making the users interfere in design process of students science park in Razi University of Kermanshah. Keywords: Regionalism, participative architecture, participative design process, students science park science park. IntroductionConsidering the human indices in the environments that couldn’t meet their resident’s needs. After the Second World War, it was turned into the general request. The role of architecture as the only decision making power to design environment is changed gradually and users’ needs, requests and interests are taken into attention and provided some opportunities for collaboration of various people in the plans. This goal was considered for more attention to people and true understanding of the needs. This issue resulted into the change of architecture models as society people (people or users) were involved in various design and planning fields. These approaches are raised as various titles as: Participative design, participative planning, design with user and etc. namely in planning and urban design. Rarely, it is seen in the newspapers or magazines, a column is dedicated to the user or there is news about the routine work of an architect, or there are no images, photos or articles being published, in which there are some people using architecture, changing it and re-build it. While architecture is not potential space and it is real, tangible place made of materials in which people with permanent relations (families) and temporary relations (friend, co-worker, client and etc.) are living. In the current global policy-where democracy issues are under question- real participation in change processes are very low and rare but they are more required. In order that the people (final users) are attached to the world they live or feel ownership to their living place, they should interfere where they are living and this leads to the fact that architecture is considered as occupying space (living in space) via political excitation and political issues, not the technical process or aesthetic aspects. The aesthetic and applied aspect are not neutral and isolated terms and they are in the complex policy making world considering participation beyond work and benefit and participation is guided to the issues making architecture more responsive and responsible in long-term. Participative design: It is the view in which people are not on one side and architecture on the other side and the designer is in the group of people and an optimal state, design with people is occurred. Architecture project is not an opportunity to present architect and it is human effort to increase the quality of environment. The architect is a helper and this help is done by people participation. The architect thinks about the resources and merely doesn’t use them. Architecture space is development place and is faced with multi—dimensional perception of the effective factors. The architecture space is the users space and architecture is a context to increase the information and improving and architecture projects mostly are based on Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(10), 77-85, October (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 78 program content. Most people only focused on a surface and temporary form of architecture and stopped on it and they don’t have any view about change potential of human environment and the method of this change. Indeed, architecture is not only the surface and temporary form (what is achieved and seen), it is required to recognize architecture in a wide framework of image from two aspects of relationship with context and relationship with the senses in time and experience. David Michael Levin in his comprehensive book and thinking on motivation “an opening of vision: Nihilism and the postmodern situation distinguished between two visions: (confirming vision) that is limited, flexible, constant, serious, preventive and unchangeable and (reality-based vision) inclining to see from pluralism views and it is pluralist, democratic, contextualism, encompassing, bounded and interesting. It is mostly difficult for users determine based on their problems of imagining their requests and their expression to themselves and others that whether the proposed plan facilitates their future activities really or not. The users mostly don’t understand until they transfer the proposed plans there and using them. Thus, the interaction between the user and architecture space is considered as a necessity for better understanding of the users of operation space and interference and participation in design process. Indeed, architecture is more important that it is only given to the architects. It is required that in practice, architect and behavioral model of design activity and new features are presented and all the barriers between the manufacturers and users are eliminated and new conditions can change the participative models in design as can respond the current conditions. The lack of familiarity with the concepts of collective design field (social) and its application method developed wrong methods and expectations of the design approach. Some (namely the governments) consider this approach as luxurious, costly and time-consuming and evaluate it inefficient. Some people considered participative issues as necessary and successful (while participation always doesn’t lead to the favorite results). On the other hand, the presented projects with general participative-social approaches couldn’t be satisfactory and efficient. It is necessary to reach the real concept of this field with exact view; some of this inefficiency is due to the lack of good recognition of architects of the design approach. The present study evaluated various types of participative design and by new search, we can find new ways to respond to the applied needs in a society with its special features, with special definition of the society and their participative type in design process attempted to have effective interference and respond the users in design. Study hypothesis: The participative approaches of design have various models and types, the hypothesis is based on the issue that: It seems that we can present design participative models for applied and real participation of users in architecture design process based on contextualism indices. Methodology Type of study method: The study methodology was qualitative and logical reasoning, content analysis methodology (case study of applied samples in design and content analysis of the obtained results) and other combined methods. The data collection method (Field, Library and etc): The study of the texts and documents, evaluation of case samples (studied samples, including the required buildings in various models of participative architecture models), interview with the designers (mostly in design process) and interview with the researchers working in this sector (mostly about buildings analysis field), the interpretation and evaluation of the items of the studied population by participative observation methods. Data collection with field method in the samples in which field data are used. Data collection measures: The participative observations, interview, participative observation methods and etc. Data collection method: The evaluation of case samples and their analysis in the fields as design process and analysis of each of the samples in terms of participation level and type. Analysis of evaluation table of participative design criteria based on conceptualism data. The indices or time and place criteria regarding the users’ participation in designing the recreational spaces are extracted from the review of literature and we consider measurable factors and measures for these indices. The content analysis of the views of users along the definition and descriptions of the spaces for Science Park. Results and Discussion The location and area of Kermanshah town with area 8547 km2 is located in the margin of Qaresuriver and is bounded on north to Kordestan province, on south to Lorestan province and on east to Hamedan pro vince and Sanghar town and on west to Islamabad and Pave. Its height from seal level is 1410m. Kermanshah region is extended as rough plateau among the mountains and Zagros mountain valleys. The important mountains of the province are including: Dalahu, Pero, Shahu Kuh Sesar mountains. Site location: Selected site with area 11.5 hectare is located inside Razi University of Kermanshah, between Pardis of technical school, Physical education school and dormitory of students. The reasons of selecting site: Based on the investigations, Razi Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(10), 77-85, October (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 79 University of Kermanshah has some problems in educational, research, service, cultural and social fields. The university is the center of different thoughts and beliefs and the social and cultural movements have special features. This shows the importance of neighboring spaces of university complex with high potential to consider suitable spaces. One of the spaces is located between Pardis of technical school and physical education school and students dormitory. This site is in proximity of dormitory and University and it is in important position and can be the best choice to create collective academic spaces with the aim of eliminating the service, welfare and social shortcomings in neighborhood academic complex. The forces surrounding the site: University is built in a big space in Bagh Abrisham Township beside Tagh Bostan. The University campus is around Biston Mountains giving more beauty to the university. Figure-1 The location of Kermanshah province Figure-2 Selected site, located in Razi university complex Research Journal of Recent Sciences _____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(10), 77-85, October (2015) Res.J.Recent Sci. International Science Congress Association 80 Figure-3 Selected site: as students’ science park Figure-4 Selected site: In the proximity of schools and dormitory