@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Employees Perception and Motivation towards Training and Development Programmes in Health Sector of Pakistan: A Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa<#LINE#>Wahab1@ShahRollahAbdul,Hussain@Altaf,Zadeh@AliAbdollah,Shah@FayazAli,Hussain@Jawad<#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2012-381.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi, MALAYSIA @ Paiam Nour University of Iran, Queshm Branch, IRAN<#LINE#>12/10/2012<#LINE#>31/8/2013<#LINE#>Training is the one of the most important function of human resource in any organization. It increases the efficiency and the effectiveness of both employees and the organization. The focus of this research paper is to know about the training and development programs in the health sector of Pakistan. And also to evaluate the employees’ motivation and perception about these training and development programs. The researchers have used Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province as a case for this. Data was collected through questionnaire and semi structured interviews from the concerned department and was analyzed through SPSS. The findings clearly revealed that there is no systematic and strategic approach for conducting training and development programs in the health sector of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The main barriers appeared to be organizational environment and the political intervention. Moreover, organizational environment and political interventions are identified as the most important barriers for effectively conducting training and development programs. <#LINE#> @ @ Sharma A. and Narang G.S., Achieving competitive advantage through HR Practices, National Conference on Emerging Challenges for sustainable business, Conference Proceeding, 750-766 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mullins L.J., Management & organizational behavior, 8thed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited (2007) @No $ @ @ Kabene M., Orchard C., Howard J., Soriano M. and Leduc R., The importance of Human Resources Management in healthcare; A global context, Human Resources for Health, 4(20),  1-17 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bulut C. and Culha O., The effects of organizational training on organizational commitment, International Journal of Training and Development,14(4), (2010) @No $ @ @ Huerta M.E., Audet X.L and Sabata M.P., In-company training in Catalonia: organizational structure, funding, evaluation & economic impact, International journal of training and development, 10(2),  140-163 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nasreen A. and Mirza S.M., Faculty Training and Development in the Public Sector Universities of Punjab, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(3), (2012) @No $ @ @ Khan A.G., Khan F.A. and Khan M.A., Impact of Training and Development on Organizational Performance, Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 11(7) (2011) @No $ @ @ Health Department of Khyber Pakhtun Khwa (KPK), Health department Government of KPK, [Online] Available at: http://www.healthKPK.gov.pk/index.asp&#x-5.7;ä”´ Accessed 10th July 2012, (2010) @No $ @ @ Lawton A. and Rose A., Organisation and management in the public sector, nd ed. 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London: Kogan Page Limited (2006) @No $ @ @ Tsai W.C. and Tai W.T., Perceived importance as a mediator of relationship between training assignment and training motivation, Personnel review, 32(2),  151-163 (2003) @No $ @ @ Cannon-Bowers J.A., Salas E., Tannenbaum S.I. and Mathieu J.E., Toward Theoretically Based Principles of Training Effectiveness: A Model and Initial Empirical Investigation, Military Psychology 7, 141-164 (1993) @No $ @ @ Facteau J.D., Dobbins G.H., Russell J.E.A., Ladd R.T. and Kudisch J.D., The Influence of General Perceptions of the Training Environment on Pretraining Motivation and Perceived Training Transfer, Journal of Management, 21(1),  1-25 (1995) @No $ @ @ Elangovan R.A. and Karakowsky L., The role of trainee and environmental factors in transfer of training: an exploratory framework, Leadership & Organisational development journal, 20(5), 268-275 (1999) @No $ @ @ Al-Emadi M.A.S. and Marquardt M.J., Relationship between employees’ beliefs regarding training benefits and employees organizational commitment in a petroleum company in the state of Qatar, International journal of training and development, 11(1),  49-70 (2007) @No $ @ @ Brinkerhoff O.R., Increasing impact of training investments: an evaluation strategy for building organizational learning capability, Industrial and commercial training, 38(6), 302-307 (2006) @No $ @ @ Al-Khayyat M.R. and Elgamal A.M., A macro model of training and development: validation,  Journal of European industrial training, 21(3), 87-101 (1997) @No $ @ @ Bartlett K.R., The Relationship between Training and Organizational Commitment: a Study in the Health Care Field, Human Resource Development Quarterly, 12(4),325–52 (2001) @No $ @ @ Donovan P., Hannigan K. and Crowe D., The Learning Transfer System Approach to Estimating the Benefits of Training: Empirical Evidence, Journal of European Industrial Training, 25(2), 221-235 (2001) @No
<#LINE#>A Goal-Programming Model for Determining Economic Order Lot Sizing Regarding the Benefits of the Whole Supply Chain<#LINE#>Tavakoli@Ahmad,hosseinVadiei@Mohammad,Kolookhi@AmirShams<#LINE#>8-15<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2013-078.pdf<#LINE#>Management Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IRAN @ Accounting Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IRAN @ Department of Accounting, Torbat-e-Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e-Jam, IRAN<#LINE#>3/3/2013<#LINE#>6/7/2013<#LINE#>Inpast, organizations used to make decisions independently; but, at the moment, ignoring the connections between those decisions and their related subgroups can yield serious and negative repercussions. So, the organizations tend to the integrated design and control for the whole segments to produce better services and goods. Nowadays, effective interaction with pieces suppliers and products distributers from the view of the managers is the key to survive in the competitive markets. In this respect, the present paper provides an ideal planning model for the effective integration of suppliers and customers regarding their common and favorite criteria to provide the benefits of both sides in Electrosteel Company.  In this model, 3 measures of quality, time, and cost are considered and the benefits of both suppliers and customers are taken into account simultaneously.  In this model, the order amount to the suppliers is determined. Also, two individual models considering the benefits at a chain level is provided and used with different weights of the model and benefit model. Also, two single entity models((1) and (2)) regarding the benefits of one chain level were provided and compared in different weights with multiple entity model of the benefits. Using fiscal year information of2010, Electrosteel Company and its suppliers were examined. The results showed that by exerting goal programming for creating win-win relations in supply chain with the aim of minimizing total costs, delayed order delivery, and increasing received goods better results are provided compared with single-entity models. <#LINE#> @ @ Gheidar Kheljani J. et al., Optimizing whole supply chain benefit versus buyer’s benefit through supplier selection, Int. J. of Production Economics, doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.04.009 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hondfield, Trent, Monczk, Purchasing and supply management, South Western (1998) @No $ @ @ Aissaoui N., Haouari M. and Hassini E., Supplier selection and order lot sizing modeling: A review, Computers & Operations Research, 34, 3516 – 3540 (2007) @No $ @ @ De Boer L., Labro E. and Morlacchi P., A review of methods supporting supplier selection, European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, , 75-89 (2001) @No $ @ @ Weber C.A., Current J.R. and Benton W.C., Vendor selection criteria and methods, European Journal of Operational Research, 50, 2–18.www. Sun.com (1991) @No $ @ @ Ha S.H. and Krishnan R., A hybrid approach to supplier selection for the maintenance of a competitive supply chain, Expert Systems with Applications, doi:10.1016/ j.eswa. 2006.12.008. (2007) @No $ @ @ Wang G., Huang S.H. and Dismukes J.P., Product-driven supply chain selection using integrated multi-criteria decision-making methodology, Int. J. Production Economics, 91, 1–15 (2004) @No $ @ @ Xia W. and Wu Z., Supplier selection with multiple criteria in volume discount environments, Omega, 35, 494 – 504 (2007) @No $ @ @ Amid A. et al., A weighted additive fuzzy multi-objective model for the supplier selection problem under price breaks in a supply Chain, Int. J. of Production Economics, doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.02.040 (2007) @No $ @ @ Farahani R.Z. and Elahipanah M., A genetic algorithm to optimize the total cost and service level for just-in-time distribution in a supply chain, Int. J. Production Economics, 111, 229–243 (2008) @No $ @ @ Faez F. et al., Vendor selection and order allocation using an integrated fuzzy case-based reasoning and mathematical programming model, Int. 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Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10(1), 73-91 (2004) @No $ @ @ Salo J. and Karjaluoto H., IT-enabled supply chain management, Contemporary Management Research, 2(1),17-30 (2006) @No $ @ @ Thomas D.J., Grifin P.J., Coordinated supply chain management, European Journal of Operational Research, 94 (1), 1–15 (1996) @No $ @ @ Wadhwa V. and Ravindran A.R., Vendor selection in outsourcing, Computers and Operations Research, 34(12),3725-3737 (2007) @No $ @ @ Wang J.W. Cheng C.H. and Cheng H., Fuzzy hierarchical TOPSIS for supplier (2009) @No
<#LINE#>Planning of Land-use Along with Environmental Sustainability: A Case Study of the District 22 Tehran, Iran<#LINE#>Adl@ArminSadeghi,Ziari@Keramatollah,Habibi@Kiomars<#LINE#>16-25<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2013-182.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Urban Planning, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Arak, IRAN @ Department of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN @ School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Kurdistan, IRAN<#LINE#>9/4/2013<#LINE#>17/5/2013<#LINE#>  Currently, developing countries challenge many problems: increase in population rate, migration to cities and urbanization growth rate caused increase in population density of cities. Natural consequences of such process are lack of proper land for settlement and pressure on limited environmental resources. Accordingly, inappropriate and unplanned land-use and changes disregarding environmental capacities caused elimination of environmental balance and challenged urban sustainable development; so that, urban environmental sustainability became the most important concern of urban managers and planners. The current study aims to evaluate existing land-uses by geographical information system and analyzing land-use maps of the district 22, Tehran. Obtained results can show inconsistency of existing land-uses with primary principles of land-use planning and environmental inability and urban infrastructures in response to population needs. <#LINE#> @ @ Asbury S. and Ashwell P., Health & Safety, Environment and Quality Audits, Routledge, (2012) @No $ @ @ Wheeler S.M., Planning and the urban environment, Understanding the Environmentand Social Policy, The Policy Press (2011) @No $ @ @ Frei H.B., Urban Design (to Sustainable Form of City). (H. Bahreini, Trans.) Publication of Urban Process and Planning Corporation (2008) @No $ @ @ Healey P., Urban complexity and spatial strategies. Routledge London (2007) @No $ @ @ Catanese A.J. and Snyder J.C., Urban planning, McGraw- Hill., (1998) @No $ @ @ Chapin F.S., Kaiser E.J., Godschalk D.R., Urban land use planning, University of Illinois press (1995) @No $ @ @ Bahram Soltani K., Environment, Architecture and Urban Planning Research Center of Iran, Journal of environmental planning(2008) @No $ @ @ Mercer A., Quality of Living global city rankings, Mercer Londres, (2008) @No $ @ @ Tabibian M. and Faryadi S., Evaluation of Environmental Quality of Tehran, Ecology, 27(28), 1-12 (2001) @No $ @ @ Seyfollahi M., Evaluation of Environmental Quality of Tehran Based on Urban Sustainability Indices Model and Developing Improvement Strategies of Urban Environmental Quality, M.A. Thesis, Tehran University, Enviroment Faculty (2006) @No $ @ @ Salehi E., The Role of Urban Planning Regulations to Realize a Good City and Urban Sustainable Development (Tehran), Ecology,32(40), 51-62 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rogers R., Towards an Urban Renaissance: Final Report of the Urban Task Force chaired by Lord Rogers of Riverside, E and FN Spon. 300 (1999) @No $ @ @ Hodge G. and Gordon C., Planning Canadian Communities, Thomson and Nelson, (2007) @No $ @ @ Campbell S. and Fainstain S.S., Reading in Planning Theory, Blackwell Publishers (1996) @No $ @ @ Berke P. and Kaiser E.J., Urban land use planning, University of Illinois Press (2006) @No $ @ @  Booth P., Planning by consent (the origins and nature of British Developmental Control), Rout ledge (2003) @No $ @ @ Ahsan M., Urban Planning Regulations (first ed., Vol. I). Architecture and Urban Planning Research Center of Iran, (2002) @No $ @ @ Ziari K.A., Urban Land-use Planning (4th ed.), Tehran: Publication of Yazd University (2007) @No $ @ @ Bahreini S.H., Urban Design Process, Tehran: Publication of Tehran University, (1998) @No $ @ @ Hoseynzadeh D., Sustainability and Insustainability of Cities in Terms of Sustainable Development, International Conference on Earth Risks, Natural Disaster and Strategies to Fight Them. Tabriz: Tabriz University, (2005) @No $ @ @ Sadr S., Sustainable Development in International Right of Environment, M.A. Thesis, Tehran University, Law and Politics Faculty, (1999) @No $ @ @ Kooshyar, G. Indicators of Sustainable Development,Management Journal, 34(1), 77-78 (2003) @No $ @ @ Saremi H. and Asgari A., GIS Analysis b ARCVIEW, Analytic Operations and Functions in GIS, the Software ARCVIEW and its Analytic Expansions, Neighborhood Analysis, 3D Analysis, Network Analysis, Tehran: Student Mobilization Organization, (2004) @No
<#LINE#>Effect of Mixture Prior in Case of Poorly Specified Prior<#LINE#>Javed@Muneeb,Saleem@Muhammad,Alamgir<#LINE#>26-30<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJRS-2013-230.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Statistics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, PAKISTAN Department of Statistics, Government Post Graduate College of Science, Faisalabad, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>30/4/2013<#LINE#>22/5/2013<#LINE#>The Shifted exponential distribution is appropriate for modeling the distribution of the time to failure of systems under constant failure rate condition. In this regard, the parameter is related to the mean life plus shifted parameter. In this research paper we present shifted exponential as likelihood function and conjugate inverted gamma prior for making Bayesian inference comparatively robust against a prior density poorly specified. Making use of a mixture of conjugate Square root inverted gamma priors assists us to make robust inference against misspecified prior. In case of having a very different likelihood than what will be expected for the given prior density, a large posterior probability of misspecification is obtained, and our posterior distribution will lean heavily on the likelihood. <#LINE#> @ @ Epstein B. and Sobel M., Life testing, J. Am. Statist. Ass,48, 486-502 (1953) @No $ @ @ Epstein B. and Sobel M., Some theorems relevant to life testing from an exponential distribution, Ann. Math. Statist,25, 373-381 (1954) @No $ @ @ Epstein B. and Sobel M., Sequential life testing in the exponential case, Ann.Math. Statist, 26, 82-93 (1955) @No $ @ @ Epstein, B. Truncated life tests in the exponential case, Ann. Math. Statist,25, 555-564 (1954) @No $ @ @ Epstein B., Testing for the validity of the assumption that the underlying distribution of life is exponential,Technometrics, 2, 83-101 (1960) @No $ @ @ Mendenhall, W. and Hader, R.J. Estimation of parameters of mixed exponentially distributed failure time distributions from censored life test data, Biometrika,45: No. ¾ (1958) @No $ @ @ Johnson N.L., Kotz S. and Balakrishnan N., Continuous Univariate Distribution, Volume 1, Second Edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY (1994) @No $ @ @ Johnson N.L., Kotz S. and Balakrishnan N., Continuous Univariate Distribution. 2, Second Edition, Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY (1995) @No $ @ @ Bolstad, W.M. Introduction to Bayesian Statistics, John Wiley & Sons Inc. New Jersey (2004) @No $ @ @ Bose, S. Bayesian robustness with mixture classes of priors, The Annals of Statistics, 22(2), 652-667 (1994) @No $ @ @ Javed M. and Saleem M., A Bayesian Analysis of the Rayleigh Life Time Model, World Applied Science Journal,16(2), 220-226 (2012) @No $ @ @ Javed M. and Saleem M. and Alamgir, Robust Bayesian Inference Using the Mixture Prior, World Applied Science Journal, 21(7), 1070-1074 (2013) @No 
<#LINE#>Investigation and Prioritizing the Key Factors of Success in Small and Medium Size Enterprises<#LINE#>Charandabi @EhsanSiroosnezhad,Nader@Bohlooli<#LINE#>31-34<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJRS-2013-255.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Management, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, IRAN <#LINE#>4/5/2013<#LINE#>8/6/2013<#LINE#>The main question in this research is that is it possible to prioritize the key success factors of small enterprises and use it as the road map for assisting managers to solve problems in these enterprises? Research method was descriptive which regarding nature is applicable and regarding methodology is a survey. The study population is active chocolate and sweet industries in Tabriz and the suburb. The total number of members in a population were 104 participants using Cochran formula and simple random sampling, 82 questionnaires were analyzed. To collect data from two separate questionnaires were used which had 54 questions. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's Alpha. For the analysis of data obtained from the sample, multiple linear regression analyses and Friedman test were used. The results showed that the key success factors have a positive impact on organizational performance. Among the success factors, customer focus with impact coefficient of 3.37 has the maximum effect and focusing components on the resources and focus on competitors with impact coefficient of 0.321and 0.301 have a positive impact on organizational performance. The results showed that the main key success factors in prioritizing are not equal and the Friedman test, the order of the factors is: 1. Focus on customers, 2. Focus on company resources and 3. Focus on competition. <#LINE#> @ @ Analoyi F and Karami A., Strategic management in small and medium industries, Amir Kabir Publications, Tehran, 127 (2008) @No $ @ @ Maniyan A., Information systems success factors in small industry, Journal of Knowledge Management, , 179-180 (2003) @No $ @ @ Hallberg K., Small and medium scale enterprises: a framework for intervention, small enterprise unit, Private Sector Development Department, The World Bank, 12-13 (1999) @No $ @ @ Thomas V. Bonoma, Webb A, The Marketing Edge: Making Strategies Work, New York: The Free Press, 234-235 (1985) @No $ @ @ Shaghaghi A.R. and Shafie M., Increasing effective and competitive cooperation strategy of small and medium industries, UNIDO, Expressive Rasa Cultural Institute, Tehran, First edition, 24 (2004) @No $ @ @ Hefdahtan H., Pathology and stabilization of employment in small and medium enterprises, AmirKabir entrepreneurs, 34, 14 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bayat A. and Taghavi A., The impacts of acquiring ISO 9000 certification on the performance of SMEs in Tehran, The TQM Magazine, 19(2), 140-149 (2007) @No $ @ @ Baumback C., How to Organize and Operate a Small Business, University of Iowa Business Research Center, California, 138-139 (1988) @No $ @ @ Viant B. and Duncan A., Critical Factors for New Product Developments in SMEs, Journal of Business Management, 3(2), 96-143 (1989) @No $ @ @ Bandariyan R., Pass on the commercialization of research achievements, research centers, Journal of Science and Technology Policy, The Science Policy Research Center, , 11 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bruno A. and Leidecker J., Identifying and Using Critical Success Factors In Long Range Planning, California, 23-32 (1984) @No $ @ @ Pinto J. and Slevin D., Critical Factors in Successful Project Implementation, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 34(1), 22-27 (1987) @No $ @ @ Amberg M., Fichle F. and Wiener M., Background of Critical Success Factor Research, Working paper, 10(5), 1-7 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rochart J.F., Chief Executives Define Their Own Data Needs, Harvard Business Review, Mar-Apr, 57, 81-93 (1979) @No $ @ @ Berniyker Hoof R. and Dressler D., Productivity measurement : A guide for managers and professionals, Abdullahzadeh M. Office of Cultural Research Publications, Tehran, 33 (1998) @No $ @ @ Barber A.E., Wesson M.J., Roberson Q.M., Taylor M.S., A tale of two job markets: Organizational size and its effects on hiring practices and job search behavior, Personnel Psychology, 52, 841–867 (1999) @No $ @ @ Govasky Tamer, Different strategies for selecting target markets in a competitive market, Rezai A, Arya Thought, Tehran, First  Edition, 10 (2005) @No
<#LINE#>Stress and Strain Analysis of Functionally Graded Annular Plate Subjected to Transverse Loading<#LINE#>Mohammadi@AbdulrahmanSoufi,sabokroohieh@Peyman,Falakian@Ali,Hadi@Amin,Mohammad@Hosseini,Ehsani@Farshad<#LINE#>35-42<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJRS-2013-267.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN @ Civil Engineering Department, University Of Science and Culture, Tehran, IRAN @ Department of Civil Engineering, Ramsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ramsar, IRAN @ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, IRAN<#LINE#>9/5/2013<#LINE#>2/8/2013<#LINE#>In this paper, an exact analysis of stress and strain for a functionally graded circular plate under transverse loading and fix boundary conditions is studied. The Young’s modules varies by power law and the loading changes by a polynomial function. These property and loading are most applicable.  The influence of different functionally graded variation on the stress and displacement fields is studied through a numerical example. The exact solution shown that the graded material properties have significant effects on the mechanical behavior of the plate. The exact solution will help to prognosticate the distribution of the stress in the disk. By proper selection of the disk, the disk strength will be refine against loading. These parameters are called design parameters. Eventually, a numerical problem is solved and the impacts of design parameter are considered in order to find a proper annular disk for the specific loading. <#LINE#> @ @ Srinivas G, Prasad Shiva U., Manikandan M. and Kumar Praveen A., Simulation of Traditional Composites Under Thermal Loads, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(ISC-2012) , 273-278 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sankar B.V., An elasticity solution for functionally graded beams, Composites Sciences and Technology, 61(5), 689-696, (2001) @No $ @ @ Chakraborty A., Gopalakrishnan S. and Reddy J.N., A new beam finite element for the  analysis of functionally graded materials, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 45(3), 519-539 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chakraborty A. and Gopalakrishnan S., A spectrally formulated finite element for wave propagation analysis in functionally graded beams, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 40(10), 2421-2448 (2003) @No $ @ @ Aydogdu M. and Taskin V., Free vibration analysis of functionally graded beams with simply supported edges, Materials & Design, 28(5), 1651-1656 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zhong Z. and Yu T., Analytical solution of a cantilever functionally graded beam, Composites Sciences and Technology, 67(3-4), 481-488 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ying J., Lü C.F. and Chen W.Q., Two-dimensional elasticity solutions for functionally graded beams resting on elastic foundations, Composite Structures, 84(3), 209-219 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kapuria S., Bhattacharyya M. and Kumar A.N., Bending and free vibration response of layered functionally graded beams: A theoretical model and its experimental validation, Composite Structures, 82(3), 390-402 (2008) @No $ @ @ Yang J. and Chen Y., Free vibration and buckling analyses of functionally graded beams with edge cracks, Composite Structures, 83(1), 48-60 (2008) @No $ @ @ Li X.F., A unified approach for analyzing static and dynamic behaviors of functionally graded Timoshenko and Euler-Bernoulli beams, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 318(5), 1210-1229, (2008) @No $ @ @ Daneshmehr A.R., Amin Hadi and S.M. Nowruzpour Mehrian., Investigation of Elastoplastic Functionally Graded Euler-Bernoulli Beam Subjected to Distribute Transverse Loading, Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research,  2(10), 10628-10634 (2012) @No $ @ @ Amin Hadi, A.R. Daneshmehr, S.M. NowruzpourMehrian, Mohammad Hosseini and Farshad Ehsani,Elastic Analysis ofFunctionally Graded Timoshenko Beam Subjected To Transverse Loading, Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,3(13), 1246-1254 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>An empirical Investigating to Effects of services Marketing mix on Brand Dimensions in Order to enhance brand Equity in the Tehran's Chain Stores<#LINE#>Aghaie@Mohammad,Vahedi@Elham,Asadollahi@Amin,Safari-Kahreh@Mohammad<#LINE#>43-60<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJRS-2013-368.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Business Management, Branch, Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, IRAN@ Department of Executive Management from Alborz University, IRAN@ Department of Business Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN@ Business Management from Tehran University, IRAN<#LINE#>21/6/2013<#LINE#>19/7/2013<#LINE#>In the present situation of turmoil in global markets, competition without having strategic planning and strategic management, time management and quality management will not be successful. On the other hand, having a strong brand, advertising and marketing, are other complementary factors. Today, strong brand and its values are the most important factors in marketing and consumer attraction. Thus, identifying those marketing activities that particularly improve the brand equity in enterprises can be effective in successfulness of enterprises in the competitive environment. This study by emphasizing on the model of Aaker and Joachimsthaler, investigated the effects of services marketing mix (including: price, product, place, promotion, physical evidence, process, people) on the four dimensions of brand equity (including: perceived quality, brand loyalty, brand awareness and brand association). Required data was collected by using questionnaire was answered by customers of ten Etka chain stores of Tehran. To analyze the research model structural equation modeling (SEM) and regression test was used. The results show, high and strong reliability between service marketing mix and dimension of brand and the fitness indicators obtained for the research conceptual model show high reliability of the model for explaining the relationship between variables and key components. <#LINE#> @ @ Aaker D.A, Brand Portfolio Strategy: Creating Relevance, Differentiation, Energy, Leverage, and Clarity. Free Press, Glencoe, IL (2004) @No $ @ @ Gil R.B., Anders E.F. and Salinas E.M., Family as a source of consumer-based brand equity, Journal of Product and Brand Management, 16(3), 188-199 (2007) @No $ @ @ Farquhar P.H., Managing Brand Equity, Marketing Research, September, 24-34 (1989) @No $ @ @ Feldwick P., Do we really need brand equity, Journal of Brand Management l4 (1), 9-28 (1996) @No $ @ @ Rafiq M. and Ahmed P.K., Using the 7Ps as a generic marketing mix, an exploratory survey of UK and European marketing academics, Marketing Intelligence and Planning13 (9) (MCB University Press) (1995) @No $ @ @ Aaker D.A. and Joachimsthaler E., Brand leadership: Free Pr. (2000) @No $ @ @ Keller K.L., Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity, Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1-22 (1993) @No $ @ @ Murphy J., Assessing the value of brand. Long Range Planning. 23(3), (1990) @No $ @ @ BaladufArtur. CravensKaren and BinderGudrun. Performance consequences of brand equity management: evidence from organizations in the value chain", Journal of product and brand management, 12(4), 220-236 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kim H. and Kim W.G., The relationship between brand equity and firms’ performance in luxury hotels and chain restaurants. Tourism Management, 26(4), 549-560 (2005) @No $ @ @ Durki Mark and Bennet Hadyn, Employee commitment in retail banking: identifying and exploring hidden dangers, International Journal of bank marketing,17(3), 124-134 (1999) @No $ @ @ Aaker D.A. and Joachimsthaler  E., Brand leadership, The Free Press, New York. NY. (2001) @No $ @ @ Shams R., Investigating the relationship between selected marketing mix elements and brand equity of mobile phones among young people in Tehran. Master’s thesis, Tehran University(2007) @No $ @ @ Aaker D.A., Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of a brand Name, Free Press, New York, NY. 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(1995) @No $ @ @ Edrem T., Swait J. and Valenzuela A., Brands as signals: A cross-country validation study, Journal of Marketing, 70(1), 34-49 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kamakura W.A. and Russell G.J., Measuring Brand Value with Scanner Data, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 10(March), 9-22 (1993) @No $ @ @ Mumm K. and W. Gon Kim., The relationship between brand equity and firm’s performance, Tourism management(2005) @No $ @ @ Rundle, The and R. Bennett, A Brand for All seasons. Journal of product and brand management,10(1), (2001) @No $ @ @ Allahyari A., The relationship between meaning-providing elements of brand and brand recognition, based on brand equity model (2009) @No $ @ @ Bowen H.T. and Chen S.L., The relationship between customer loyalty and customer satisfaction, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 213-217 (2007) @No $ @ @ Solomon M.R., Customer behavior: Buying, Having and Being, Allyn and Baoon. 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(2002) @No $ @ @ Bolourian Tehrani M., Marketing and market management, publishing and commercial printing, first edition (1999) @No $ @ @ Kotler P. and Armstrong G., Principles of Marketing, translated by Bahman Foroozandeh, Amookhteh Publishing, Tehran (2006) @No $ @ @ Azizi S., Pricing; approaches and processes, Tadbir, 127, 38-42 (2002) @No $ @ @ Alvdary H., Marketing and Market Management, Payam Noor University Press, second edition (2005) @No $ @ @ Fakhimi Azar S., Marketing and market management, Azad Islamic University of Tabriz, 1st edition (2009) @No $ @ @ Keegan W., Global marketing manager, translated by Abdul Hamid Ebrahimi, publications of Cultural Researches Office (2001) @No $ @ @ Branch A., Export Marketing Management, translated by Mohammed Ibrahim Goharian, publishing and commercial printing, second edition (2001) @No $ @ @ Mohammadian M., Management advertisements, publications of Horoofiyeh, second edition (2003) @No $ @ @ Esmailpoor H., International Marketing Manager, Agah publications, fifth edition (2006) @No $ @ @ Mehrani H. and Hosseyni Kia T., The role of marketing in the hotel industry success,  Journal of Marketing, (2003) @No $ @ @ Cundiff E. and Hilger M.T., Markets in the International, Environment Printtic- Hall, 403 (1988) @No $ @ @ Baker M.J., The Marketing Manual, The chartered Institue of marketing plant a tree, 1st.ed. 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(2004) @No $ @ @ Seyednezhadfahim S.R., Eghdami E., Yosefnezhad S. and Maleki M., Investigating the Procedure of Financial Factors in Successful Companies,  Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(3), 44-48 (2013) @No $ @ @ Eskandar J., Intellectual Capital and its Effects on Firms’ market value and Financial Performance in Iran: An Investigating Public Model, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(3), 1-6 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mangang P.N., Health Beliefs and Perception of Wellbeing among the Lois of Thanga in Manipur, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(4), 46-52 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E., Okwagi P., Nwajei R.I. and Obi-Iyeke G.E., Analytical Assessment of Trace Elements in Soils, Tomato Leaves and Fruits in the Vicinity of Paint Industry, Nigeria, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(4), 22-26 (2012) @No $ @ @ Amanchi N.R. and Mohd M.H., Ecophysiological and cytopathological impact of delfin insecticide (Bacillus thuringiensis) to a unicellular ciliate protozoan, Euplotes patella, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(4), 64-67 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Computationally Efficient Invariant Facial Expression Recognition<#LINE#>Hussain@Muhammad,SajidAli@Khan,Ullah@Nadeem,Riaz@Naveed,Nazir@Muhammad<#LINE#>61-68<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJRS-2013-401.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Computer Science, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad, PAKISTAN<#LINE#>28/6/2013<#LINE#>12/7/2013<#LINE#>The most important bottleneck for facial expression recognition system is recognizing the expression in uncontrolled environments with minimum computational time consumption. This problem has been addressed by combining the robust local texture descriptors which are invariant to illumination effects. In this work, the illumination effects are eliminated by using Weber Local Descriptor (WLD). Next, Local Ternary Descriptor (LTP) was introduced to preserved discriminatory local information, which is robust to noise. Both types of features are concatenated to produce more discriminatory feature set. The proposed technique is computationally efficient and gives very good results on JAFFE face database. <#LINE#> @ @ Zahedi M. and Zahra M., A Fully Automatic and Haar like Feature Extraction-Based Method for Lip Contour Detection, Res. J. Recent Sci,2(1), 17-20 (2013) @No $ @ @ Hameed M., Shahrif M., Raza M. and Iqbal M., Framework for the Comparison of Classifiers for Medical Image Segmentation with Transform and Moment based features, Res. J. Recent Sci,2(6), 1-10(2013) @No $ @ @ Zhao W. Chellappa R. and Phillips P.J., Face recognition: A literature survey, ACM Computing Survey, 34, 399-487 (2003) @No $ @ @ Jozef B. Matej F. Milos O. and Jarmila P., Non-conventional Approaches to Feature extraction for face recognition, Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, , 75-90 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wencheng W. Faliang C. Jianguo Z. and Zhenxue C., Automatic facial expression recognition using local binary pattern, Proceedings of the International conference on Intelligent Control and Automation, 1056-1064 (2010) @No $ @ @ Shishir B. and Ganesh R., Recognition of facial expressions using Gabor wavelets and learning vector quantization, Journal of Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 21, 1056-1064 (2003) @No $ @ @ Wencheng W. Faliang C. Jianguo Z. and Zhenxue C., Facial expression recognition using Local Directional Pattern (LDP). Proceedings of the IEEE International conference on Image Processing, 1605-1608 (2010) @No $ @ @ Darwin C., The expression of the emotions in man and animal, J.Murray, London (1872) @No $ @ @ Bell C., Essays on the anatomy of expression in painting, Longman, Reese, Hurst & Orme, London, third edition (1806) @No $ @ @ Ashok S. and Prasana A.I., Automatic recognition and analysis of human faces and facial expressions, A survey, Journal of Pattern Recognition, 25, 65-77 (1991) @No $ @ @ Moses Y. and Raynard D., Blake: Determining facial expressions in real time. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision, 296 (1995) @No $ @ @ Pantic M. and Rothkrantz L.J., An expert system for multiple emotional classification of facial expressions. 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Bouzerdoum A. and Tivive F.H.C., Improved facial expression recognition with trainable 2-D filters and support vector machines, Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 3732-3735 (2010) @No $ @ @ Thiyagarajan R. and Arulselvi S., Design a Facial Recognition System Using Multilayer perceptron and Probabilistic Neural Networks Based Geometrics 3D Facial, International Journal of Image Processing, 4(6), (2008) @No $ @ @ Raheja J.L and Kumar U., Average Half Face recognition by elastic bunch graph matching based distance measurement, International Journal of computer science and information technology, 2(1)(2010) @No $ @ @ Tan X. and Triggs B., Enhanced local texture feature sets for face recognition under difficult lighting conditions. IEEE Transactions on image processing, 19(6), 1635-1720 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chen S.J. Shan S. He C. Zhao G. Pietikainen, M. and Gao W., A robust local image descriptor. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 32, 1705-1720 (2010) @No $ @ @ Huan L. Hiroshi S. Rudy S. and Zheng Z., Feature selection: An ever evolving frontier in data mining. Proceedings of Fourth Workshop on Feature Selection in Data Mining, 4-13 (2010) @No $ @ @ Yvan S. Inaki I. and Pedro L., A review of feature selection techniques in bioinformatics, Bioinformatics, 23, 2507-2517 (2010) @No $ @ @ Polikar R., Ensemble based systems in decision making, IEEE Circuits and Systems Megazines, 6(3), 21-45 (2006) @No
<#LINE#>Finite Element method analysis of Stress Intensity factor in Different Edge Crack Positions, and Predicting their Correlation using Neural Network method<#LINE#>Ali@Zare,Meysam@KosariEsfahanS.,AsadiIman,Aydin@Bigham,Yashar@Bigham<#LINE#>69-73<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJRS-2013-411.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, MALAYSIA @ Department of Engineering, Islamic Azad University-Najafabad Branch, IRAN <#LINE#>3/7/2013<#LINE#>11/8/2013<#LINE#>According to the fracture mechanics, crack propagation in the body of structures may lead to a failure. In this field, Stress Intensity Factor is utilized to determine the stress intensity near the tip of a crack, and to predict if a crack starts to grow. The crack propagation can be determined by comparing Stress Intensity Factor to the Critical Stress Intensity Factor. This study attempts to analyze the Stress Intensity Factor in various edge cracks along the length of a finite plate which is under a uniform tension. Finite Element Method is utilized for the analysis. In addition, Neural Network Method is used to predict the correlation of Stress Intensity Factor and the position of edge crack along the length of a finite plate.<#LINE#> @ @ Tada H., Paris P.C., Irwin G.R. and Tada H., The Stress Analysis of Cracks Handbook, (130), (2000) @No $ @ @ Irwin G., Crack-Extension Force for a Part-through Crack in a Plate,  (1997) @No $ @ @ Irwin G.R., Analysis of Stresses and Strains near the End of a Crack Traversing a Plate, J. Appl. Mech., (1957) @No $ @ @ Rooke D.P. and Cartwright D.J., Compendium of Stress Intensity Factors, Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defence. H. M. S. O. 1976, 330 p(Book) (1976) @No $ @ @ Ayhan A.O., Mixed Mode Stress Intensity Factors for Deflected and Inclined Surface Cracks in Finite-Thickness Plates, Engineering fracture mechanics, 71(7), 1059-79 (2004) @No $ @ @ Limtrakarn W. and Dechaumphai P., Adaptive Finite Element Method to Determine Ki and Kii of Crack Plate with Different Einclusion/Eplate Ratio, Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, 35(3), 355 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hertzberg R.W. Vinci R.P. and Hertzberg J.L., Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, (89), (1996) @No $ @ @ Kitey R., Phan A.V., Tippur H. and Kaplan T., Modeling of Crack Growth through Particulate Clusters in Brittle Matrix by Symmetric-Galerkin Boundary Element Method, International journal of fracture, 141(1-2), 11-25 (2006) @No $ @ @ Xu K., Lie S. and Cen Z., Crack Propagation Analysis with Galerkin Boundary Element Method, International journal for numerical and analytical methods in geomechanics, 28(5), 421-35 (2004) @No $ @ @ Luliang L. and Pan Z., Meshless Method for 2d Mixed-Mode Crack Propagation Based on Voronoi Cell, ACTA Mechanica Solida Sinica-English Edition-, 16(3), 231-39 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rao B. and Rahman S., An Efficient Meshless Method for Fracture Analysis of Cracks, Computational mechanics, 26(4), 398-408 (2000) @No $ @ @ Atluri S. and Nishioka T., Computational Methods for Three-Dimensional Problems of Fracture, (1986) @No $ @ @ Kim J.H. and Paulino G.H., Simulation of Crack Propagation in Functionally Graded Materials under Mixed-Mode and Non-Proportional Loading, Mechanics and Materials in Design,1(1), 63-94 (2004) @No $ @ @ Barsoum R.S., On the Use of Isoparametric Finite Elements in Linear Fracture Mechanics, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 10(1), 25-37 (1976) @No $ @ @ Alshoaibi A.M., Hadi M. and Ariffin A., An Adaptive Finite Element Procedure for Crack Propagation Analysis, Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, 8(2), 228-36 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tracey D., Finite Elements for Three-Dimensional Elastic Crack Analysis, Nuclear Engineering and Design,26(2), 282-90 (1974) @No $ @ @ Raju I., and Newman J., Stress-Intensity Factors for a Wide Range of Semi-Elliptical Surface Cracks in Finite-Thickness Plates, Engineering Fracture Mechanics,11(4), 817-29 (1979) @No $ @ @ Kim J.H. and Paulino G.H., Finite Element Evaluation of Mixed Mode Stress Intensity Factors in Functionally Graded Materials, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 53(8), 1903-35 (2002) @No $ @ @ Phongthanapanich S., and Dechaumphai P., Adaptive Delaunay Triangulation with Object-Oriented Programming for Crack Propagation Analysis, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 40(13), 1753-71 (2004) @No $ @ @ Newman Jr J., and Raju I., Stress-Intensity Factor Equations for Cracks in Three-Dimensional Finite Bodies Subjected to Tension and Bending Loads, Computational methods in the mechanics of fracture, 2(S N), 312-34 (1986) @No $ @ @ DeLorenzi H. G., Energy Release Rate Calculations by the Finite Element Method, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 21(1), 129-43 (1985) @No $ @ @ Blackburn W., and Hellen T., Calculation of Stress Intensity Factors in Three Dimensions by Finite Element Methods, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,11(2), 211-29 (1977) @No $ @ @ Sanjay P.T., and Sunil P., Aspect of Finite Element Analysis Methods for Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth Rate, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,1(2), 85-91 (2012) @No $ @ @ Foroni F., Moreira Filho L., and Menezes M., Blade Design and Forming for Fans Using Finite Elements, Innovative Algorithms and Techniques in Automation, Industrial Electronics and Telecommunications, 135-40, (2007) @No $ @ @ Zare A., Munisamy K. M., Najafzadeh A., Shahizare B., Ahmadi A., and Jaafari A. A., Finite Element Analysis of Axial Fan Blade with Different Chord Lengths, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 6(5), 4403-09 (2013) @No $ @ @ Zienkiewicz O. C., Taylor R. L., and Zhu J. Z., The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals: Its Basis and Fundamentals, (2005) @No $ @ @ Krishan K., and Aggarwal M., A Finite Element Approach for Analysis of a Multi Leaf Spring Using Cae Tools, Research Journal of Recent Sciences (2012) @No $ @ @ Hagan M. T., Demuth H. B., and Beale M. H., Neural Network Design, (1996) @No $ @ @ Demuth H., Beale M., and Works M., Matlab: Neural Network Toolbox: User's Guide, (1992) @No
<#LINE#>An Investigation on the Trend of Changes in Land use/Plant Coverage Case Study in Arangeh-watershed in Alborz Province of Iran<#LINE#>Tavafi@S.,H.@Arzani,Mohammadi@H.M.,Jafari@M.,Babaie@S.<#LINE#>74-80<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJRS-2013-424.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Range management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN @ Department of Natural Resources, Tehran University, IRAN @ Department of Agriculture, Tehrann University, IRAN @ Department of Forestry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>9/7/2013<#LINE#>28/8/2013<#LINE#>Physica appearance of earth surface countinusely changes due to human activities as well as natural phenomena and consequences appear in both local and global scales. The issue is so important that trend of changes in area of rangelands has been considered as an high value index in the evaluation of rangeland sustainability. Sufficient knowledge on the subject, is necessary for implementation of a perfect management on land as a major source in agriculture sector. Current research carried out to investigate the trend of changes in land use. To study the land use in 1996, were used the map provided based on lands at satellite TM 1996 by Forest, range and watershed organization of IRAN. To provide land use map for the year 2011,image from satellite IRS (LISS-III sensor) were used. In this area, land use categories were separated as rangelands with different percentage of coverage, appearance of stone masses, orchards, cropped lands and residential areas. Result showed that most area is related to rangelands marked as R3 (with coverage of 5-25%). Residential areas, despite of minimum area under usage, had the maximum of increasing changes (around triple). Trends of changes in land use categories in 15-year period was determined in significance and non-significance trial using spss.16 software. Such results showed that among the factors investigated, increasing changes in residential areas is significant (p‹0.01). <#LINE#> @ @ Ansari N., Fayaz M. and Ghasemi M.H., The study and evaluation of amount of qualitive and quantitive destruction in Iran and Touran region, Range land and Desert Research, 6(3), 223-304 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ghaituri M., Ansari N., Sanadgul A. and Heshmati M., The effective factors in destruction of rangelands in Kermanshah, Rangeland and desert research, 13(4), 314-323 (2008) @No $ @ @ Fayzizad B., Rostam zade, Research and analysis the trend of changes in forest surface by using remote sensing and gis, Gheographia research, (62), 143-159 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mohammad esmaeil Z., Monitoring land cover changes in Karaj by remote sensing, Soil Research, 24(1), 81-88 (2010) @No $ @ @ Biswas Arkoprovo, Jana Adarsa and Sharma Shashi Prakash, Delination of ground water potential zones using satelliteremote scensing and gis-A case study from Ganjam distict, Orissa, India, Res.J.Recent Sci, 1(9), 59-66 (2012) @No $ @ @ Alavipanah K., Principle of remote sencing, university of Tehran press, (2009) @No $ @ @ Baban S.M.Y., and Yusof K.W., Mapping land use/cover distribution on a mountainous Tropical Island using R.S and GIS; int. J.R.S., 22(1), 1918-1990 (2001) @No $ @ @ Lim H.S., Matjafari M.Z., Abdullah K., Mohd N. and Sultan S., Land Cover Mapping from Remote Sensing Data over Gulf Region. International Symposium on GPS/GNSS  (ISG – GNSS2007) @No $ @ @ (2007) @No $ @ @ Keshtkar H., Investigation on capability of IRS satellite data for land cover mapping (case study: Ghorkhood in khorasan shomali). M.sc. Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tehran university, 132 (2007) @No $ @ @ Alishah F., Separating rangelands from other land use by using Remote Sensing (case study in Sorkhabad region-Mazandaran), Msc. Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resourcrs, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 133 (2008) @No $ @ @ Carlson T.N., The impact of land use-land cover changes due to urbanization on surface microclimate and hydrology: A satellite perspective, Global and Planetary change, 25, 49-65 (2000) @No $ @ @ Gomarasca M.A., One century of land use changes in the metropolitan area of Milan (Italy), Int.J.R.S., 14(2), 211-223 (1993) @No $ @ @ Anderson, Land Use and Land Cover Classification System, Geological Survey Professional Paper 964,Washington, D.C. (1976) @No $ @ @ Najafi M., Remote sensing process by computer. Published by Tehran university, 250 (1999) @No $ @ @ Dymond J.R. and J.D. Shepherd, The spatial distribution of indigenous forest and it,s composition in the Wellington Region, New Zeland, from ETM+ Satellite Imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, (90), 116-125 (2004) @No $ @ @ Moleele  N., S Ringrose, W. Arnberg, B. Lunden and C. Vanderpost, Assessment of vegetation indexes useful for browse (forage) prediction in semi–arid Range land,Int. J. of Remote Sensing, (5), 741-756 (2001) @No $ @ @ Arekhi S. and Niazi Y., Assessing different Remote Sensing techniques to detect land use changes (Case study in Dareshahr, Ilam province), Iranian J. of Range and Desert Research, 17(1), 74-93(2010) @No $ @ @ Congalton R.G and Green.Assessing K., The Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data: Principles and Practicesboca Rotan,” Lewis Publishers, Florida.s (1999) @No $ @ @ Nassiri A., Spatial and spectral classification for provide Land use Map, Agriculture Ministry, Programming  Deputy and General Administration of statistic and information, No 77/26 (1998) @No $ @ @ Muradi H. ,Fazel pour aHosseini S.Z., Investigation in land use changing in desertification by using remote sensing, Rangeland and Desert Research, 15(1), 1-12 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kherast S. and Mohammad M., Land degradation in north western Jordan, Causes and Processes, J.ofArid Environment, (39), 623-629 (1998) @No $ @ @ Rezvani M.H., The process of creating and developing villas in rural areas in north of Tehran. Geographic research,45 (2003) @No
<#LINE#>Role of Peace Education in Restoration of Community Confidence in the Wake of Terrorism Wave<#LINE#>Ahmad@Iqbal,Hamdan@Said,Faisal@Khan<#LINE#>81-86<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJRS-2013-450.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi MALAYSIA @ Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi, MALAYSIA <#LINE#>14/7/2013<#LINE#>22/8/2013<#LINE#>This study investigates the role of peace education in restoring confidence of the communities in the recent wake of terrorist violence in Swat, Pakistan. The terror plot destroyed many schools, especially girl’s schools, in the locality. This situation rendered the communities of Swat helpless to provide education to their children in an environment of terror, volatility and insecurity. Many innocent children either lost their precious lives or became maimed. Parents and children suffered psychological depression and mental agony. Still the danger is looming large in many places. To grapple with the situation, various national and international philanthropic organizations in collaboration with the government of Pakistan started peace education initiatives in order to restore peace and development in the terror affected area, Swat. This study is an attempt to examine the effects of the peace education initiative on confidence restoration of the communities of Swat. The study revealed that the peace education initiative has played a great role in restoring confidence of the affected communities which has resultantly brought about positive changes among the affected communities such as that the students have come out of the psychological stress and strain, parents are now confident in sending their children to schools without any fear of losing their children. Furthermore, the peace education initiatives have resulted in mitigating the high intensity of the effects of the terror upon minds of the people. It can be concluded that peace education is an effective tool to restore community confidence in terror affected areas which can be equally applied in other settings as well.  <#LINE#> @ @ Mumtaz, Saeed, Wahad, Quality of University Computing Education: Perception of Pakistani Students, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(7), (2013) @No $ @ @ Toh S.H., Education for International Understanding toward a Culture of Peace: A Conceptual Framework, Teachers Resource Book. Seoul: South Korea, Asia Pacific Center of Education for International Understanding (2004) @No $ @ @ Montessori M., Education and Peace, Oxford, England: CLIO, (1949) @No $ @ @ Jenkins T., Community Based Institutes on Peace Education (CIPE), Organizer’s Manual, New York: IIPE, (2007) @No $ @ @ Kant I., Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch, New York: Cosimo, Inc, (2005) @No $ @ @ Harris I. and Morrison M.L., Peace Education, 2nd ed. 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<#LINE#>Artificial Neural Network: A Tool for Diagnosing Osteoporosis<#LINE#>Shaikh@AbdulBasit,Sarim@Muhammad,Raffat@SheikhKashif,Ahsan@Kamran,Adnan@Nadeem,Siddiq@Muhammad<#LINE#>87-91<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJRS-2013-904.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology, Karachi, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>20/11/2013<#LINE#>27/12/2013<#LINE#>  The most important concern in the medical domain is to consider the interpretation of data and perform accurate diagnosis. To improve diagnostic process and avoid misdiagnosis, many e-Health systems use artificial intelligence method and especially artificial neural network to manipulate diverse type of clinical data. A common bone disease ‘osteoporosis’ does not only depend on bone mineral density but also some other factors have significance i.e. age, weight, height, life-style etc. these all factors play considerable role to diagnosis osteoporosis. 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K., Prediction of Discharge with Elman and Cascade Neural Networks, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(1), 279-284 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kriti S. and Smita J., Artificial Neural Network Modelling of Shyamala Water Works, Bhopal MP, India: A Green Approach towards the Optimization of Water Treatment Process, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(1), 26-28 (2013) @No $ @ @ Frangi A. F., Egmont-Petersen M., et al., Bone tumor segmentation from MR perfusion images with neural networks using multi-scale pharmacokinetic features, Image Vision Computing, 19: 679-90 (2001) @No $ @ @ Lynn N., et al., Use of artificial Neural Network together with EAU guidelines to reduce unnecessary bone scans, Eur. Urol. Supplements, 2(77), (2003) @No $ @ @ John R. I., et al., Neuro-fuzzy clustering of radiographic tibia image data using type 2 fuzzy sets, Information Sci.125, 65-82 (2000) @No $ @ @ Jensen J. E .B., Sharpe P. K., Caleb P. and Sorensen H. A.,Fracture prediction using artificial neural networks, Proc. of World Congress on Osteoporosis, Amsterdam, 18-23, (1996) @No $ @ @ Sarah A. R., Wen J. W. and Derek P., Artificial neural networks: a potential role in osteoporosis, J. R. Soc. Med., 92, 119-122 (1999) @No $ @ @ Shaikh A. B., Sarim M., Raffat S. K., Khan M. and Chinoy A., Bone Mineral Density Correlation against Bone Radiograph Texture Analysis: An Alternative Approach, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(3), 87-91 (2013) @No $ @ @ Shepherd A. J., Cass A. R., Carlson C. A. and Ray L., Development and internal validation of the male osteoporosis risk estimation score, Ann. Fam. Med., , 540–6 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lynn H. S., Woo J., Leung P. C., et al., An evaluation of osteoporosis screening tools for the osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) study, Osteoporos Int., 19, 1087–92 (2008) @No $ @ @ Skedros J. G., Sybrowsky C. L. and Stoddard G. J., The osteoporosis self-assessment screening tool: a useful tool for the orthopaedic surgeon, J. 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<#LINE#>Studying the Relationship between Quality of work life and Organizational Commitment<#LINE#>Noushin@KamaliSajjad,Abbasi@Badri<#LINE#>92-99<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJRS-2013-400.pdf<#LINE#>Department of human resources management, Astara Branch, Islamic Azad University, Astara, IRAN<#LINE#>27/6/2013<#LINE#>30/7/2013<#LINE#>The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the qualities of work life with organizational commitment amongst the customs employees of Iran/Guilanprovince. The research statistical population covered all Guilan province custom office employees and as the Morgan table the sample population consisted of 196 persons. The results proved that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the quality of work life and its dimensions including safe and healthy environment, development of human capabilities, constitutionalism, social integration and the total life space with the organizational commitment. The results of model fit indices have an acceptable range, which allows the conclusion that the fit of the model is acceptable. <#LINE#> @ @ Hosseini M., The relationship between the quality of work life and organizational commitment amongst sports organization staff of Isfahan province, Sport management Journal, 2(3), 167-181 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sayyadi H., The quality of work life and organizational commitment; A case study on Education organization staff of Yazd province, Educational Sciences Journal, 1(16), 113-132(2009) @No $ @ @ Garmabdari A., The relationship between the quality of work life and organizational commitment of banks staff, Payam Noor University of Tehran (MA Thesis, Public Administration), (2010) @No $ @ @ Normala D. Investigating the Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Organizational Commitment amongst Employees in Malaysian Firms, International Journal of Business and Management, 5(10), 1121-1132 (2010) @No $ @ @ Walton R.E., Quality of working life: what is it, Sloan Management Review, 15(1), 11-21(1973) @No $ @ @ Markovits Y., Johannes U. , Rolf van D. and  Ann J.D., Regulatory foci and organizational commitment, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(2), 485-489 (2008) @No $ @ @ Abdulaziz R. and Nazarmahd F., Quality of work Life of Librarians in government academic libraries in the KlangValley, Malaysia,  Journal home page, 43, 149-158(2011) @No $ @ @ Meyer J.P., Stanley D.J., Herscovitch L. and Topolnytsky L., Affective consequences and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents,correlates, and consequences, Journal of vocational Behavior, 61(4), 20-52 (2002) @No $ @ @ Allen and Meyer J.P., The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization, Journal of occupational psychology,23(5),71-87 (1990) @No $ @ @ Yavuz M., The effects of teachers’ perception of organizational justice and culture on organizational commitment, Afr. J. Bus. Manage, 4(5), 695-701 (2010) @No $ @ @ Riley B.B., Perna R., Tate D.G., Forchheimer M., Anderson C. and Luera G., Types of spiritual well-being among persons with chronic illness: Their relation to various forms of quality of life, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 79, 258-264(1998) @No $ @ @ Hua J.A., study of relationship on bureau of investigation officials, quality of   work life, work pressure and job satisfaction, Master’s thesis, Public Affairs Management, Capella University (2006) @No $ @ @ Lewis D., Brazil K., Krueger P., Lohfeld L. and Tjam E., Extrinsic and intrinsic determinants of quality of work life, Leadership in Health Services, 14(2), 9-15 (2001) @No $ @ @ Pardakhtchi M., The quality of work life and the necessity of employee development in organizations, Beh Avaran Magazine, 1(3), 116-138 (2009) @No $ @ @ Feldman P.H., Work life improvements for home care workers: Impact and feasibility, The Gerontologist, 33(1), 47-54 (1993) @No $ @ @ Jazzani N., Human resource management, Ney Publishing Co., Tehran (1999) @No $ @ @ Zaki M., Organizational commitment of teachers and its influencing factors, Human sciences Journal, Imam Hossein University, 77(17), 82-100 (2008) @No $ @ @ Esmaili K., Organizational commitment, Tadbir magazine, 112, 32-41 (2001) @No $ @ @ Avazpur A., Organizational commitment. Management Monthly, 128, 31-48 (2007) @No $ @ @ Meyer J.P. and Herscovitch L., Commitment in the workplace: Toward a general model, Human resource management review, 11(3), 299-326 (2001) @No
<#LINE#>Survey on the Role of Knowledge Management on the Quality of working Life, Case Study: Islamic Azad University, Iran, Pars Abad Branch<#LINE#>masomi@Elahe,asl@MohsenDerakhshan,Amir@Eghdami,Peyman@Ghanimat,Ashore@Saeid<#LINE#>100-108<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJRS-2013-297.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Management, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, IRAN @ Department of Management, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, IRAN @ Department of Management, Azarshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azarshahr, IRAN @ Young Researchers and Elite Club, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IRAN @ Department of Management, East Azarbaijan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IRAN <#LINE#>21/5/2013<#LINE#>16/11/2013<#LINE#>This study investigated factors affecting the deployment of knowledge management and relationship between knowledge management and the quality of work life. The study sample consisted of employees of the University of Pars Abad which are 67 persons. In this study for the reliability and adequacy the entire sample were examined. Data gathering tool is library studies and field studies. In order to collect data from field studies of the quality of working life questionnaire and a review of factors affecting knowledge management questionnaire was used (Chang Hung, 2005). Validity of questionnaires  were confirmed formally and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha and finally 0.803 was calculated for quality of working life questionnaire and 0.932 was calculated for the factors affecting knowledge management questionnaire. In this study to test the research hypothesis and Spearman correlation coefficient were used. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 18 software. The results showed: all the factors affecting the implementation of knowledge management include:Senior management commitment and leadership, employee involvement, staff training, empowering employees, infrastructure, information systems, performance measurement and benchmarking, organizational culture, the valuable teamwork and quality of work life in Pars Abad Branch employees have has a significant relation and a positive correlation with the quality of work life. <#LINE#> @ @ Flippo E.B., Personnel management, Sixth Edition, Mc Graw-Hill International Editions, Professional Psychology, (13), 293-301 (1984) @No $ @ @ Salmani D., Quality of work life and its relation with productivity performance and organization efficiency, Knowledge of management, (60-61) , 73-97 (2003) @No $ @ @ Dolan Sh. and Schurer R., Personnel and Human Resources Management, Translator: Toosi M. and Saebi, Tehran, Publication of Public Administration, (1999) @No $ @ @ Pardakhtchi M., The relationship between quality of work life and job burnout of Takestan city managers and teachers, Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, Islamic Azad University Garmsar Branch, Fall,3(3), 25-50 (2009) @No $ @ @ Jazani N., Human Resource Management, Firth edition, Tehran, Nei publication (1996) @No $ @ @ Mamizadeh J., Organization Development (Knowledge Development and Renovation Organization), First edition, Tehran, Publications narrative (1996) @No $ @ @ Bagherzadeh M. and Etebari M.R., The relationship between productivity and quality of work life by taking advantage of the MCP/PMT technique, Management science, 4 (2008) @No $ @ @ Cascio Wayne F., Managing Human Resource, Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits, Fourth Edition (1992) @No $ @ @ Kamingez T. and Orli Ch., Organization Development and Change, Translated by Abbas Mohammadzadeh, Firth edition, Tehran, Islamic Azad University Publication (1996) @No $ @ @ Mohammadzadeh A. and Mehrojan A., Organizational Behavior contingency approach, First edition, Tehran, Allameh Tabatabayi University publication (1998) @No $ @ @ Mosavi A., Knowledge Management, Heading beyond the knowledge, Tehran, Farashenakhti Andishe publication (2005) @No $ @ @ Ghanimat P. and at el, Factors affecting the relationship between knowledge management and job satisfaction, First Conference on national innovation in management (2012) @No $ @ @ Jafari Moghadam S., The process of organizational learning and knowledge management to organizational memory, 12, 79-96, (2002) @No $ @ @ Towneli Ch., Knowledge management in academic libraries, Translated by mehdi Khademin, 4(3), 99-120 (2001) @No $ @ @ Davarpanah M. 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@Research Article
<#LINE#>Fuzzy System for Detection of Manmade Areas in Satellite Images<#LINE#>Roozbahani@KatayoonMohseni<#LINE#>109-113<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJRS-2013-314.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Communication, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-E-Rey Branch, IRAN<#LINE#>26/5/2013<#LINE#>8/6/2013<#LINE#>In this paper a new fuzzy system proposed to detect manmade areas in satellite images. By using edge and local entropy data extracted from raw image as inputs of the fuzzy system, it is shown that the proposed method provides fast, general and useful strategy for detecting manmade areas. <#LINE#> @ @ Gonzalez R.C., Woods R.E. and Eddins S.L., Digital image processing using MATLAB, Gatesmark Publishing Tennessee (2009) @No $ @ @ Nixon M. and Aguado A.S., Feature extraction and image processing for computer vision, Academic Press (2012) @No $ @ @ Gruen A., Kübler O. and Agouris P., Automatic Extraction of Man-Made Objects from Aerial Space Images, Springer, (1995) @No $ @ @ Mayer H., Automatic object extraction from aerial imagery—a survey focusing on buildings, Computer vision and image understanding, 74, 138–149 (1999) @No $ @ @ Mena J.B., State of the art on automatic road extraction for GIS update: a novel classification, Pattern Recognition Letters, 24, 3037–3058 (2003) @No $ @ @ Li J., Najmi A., Gray R.M., Image classification by a two-dimensional hidden Markov model, Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on 48, 517–533 (2000) @No $ @ @ Solka J.L., Marchette D.J., Wallet B.C., Irwin V.L. and Rogers G.W., Identification of man-made regions in unmanned aerial vehicle imagery and videos, Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on 20, 852–857 (1998) @No $ @ @ Carlotto M.J., Detecting man-made features in SAR imagery, in: Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 1996, IGARSS’96,’Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future’, International, 34–36 (1996) @No $ @ @ Cooper B.E., Chenoweth D.L. and Selvage J.E., Fractal error for detecting man-made features in aerial images, Electronics Letters, 30, 554–555 (1994) @No $ @ @ Cao G., Yang X. and Mao Z., A two-stage level set evolution scheme for man-made objects detection in aerial images in: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2005, IEEE Computer Society Conference, 474–479 (2005) @No $ @ @ Karantzalos K. and Argialas D., A region-based level set segmentation for automatic detection of man-made objects from aerial and satellite images, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 75, 667–677 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sirmacek B. and Unsalan C., A probabilistic framework to detect buildings in aerial and satellite images, Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions,49, 211–221  13.Canny J., A computational approach to edge detection, Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions 679–698 (1986) @No $ @ @ Jansing E.D., Albert T.A. and Chenoweth D.L., Two-dimensional entropic segmentation, Pattern Recognition Letters, 20, 329–336 (1999) @No $ @ @ Ross T.J., Fuzzy logic with engineering applications, Wiley (2009) @No $ @ @ Zadeh L.A., Fuzzy sets, Information and control, , 338–353 (1965) @No $ @ @ Mamdani E.H., Application of fuzzy logic to approximate reasoning using linguistic synthesis, Computers, IEEE Transactions,100, 1182–1191 (1977) @No
<#LINE#>Atherosclerotic Study of Non-Newtonian Steady Flow of Blood in Two Dimensions channel with Heat Transfer<#LINE#>A.A.@Mirza,Siddiqui@A.M.,T.@Haroon<#LINE#>114-124<#LINE#>16.ISCA-RJRS-2013-409.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, 44000, Islamabad, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>3/7/2013<#LINE#>8/8/2013<#LINE#>  In this work, a steady two dimensional analytical solution is presented for non-isothermal, non-Newtonian fluid flowing through the channel having symmetric stenosis of cosine shape. The governing Navier-Stokes equations are reduced to compatibility and energy equations which are solved analytically with the help of regular perturbation method. The results obtained from the present analysis are presented analytically and graphically in terms of wall shear stress, separation and reattachment points, pressure gradient and temperature distribution on blood flow through a stenoised channel. It has been observed that the non-Newtonian nature of blood reduces the magnitude of the peak of flow over the stenoised region. Further, increase in second grade parameter ()increases the temperature, pressure gradient, velocity distribution and wall shear stress while on the other hand the critical Re decreases. Its worth noting that the results presented in this article are compared with available results in literature and find good agreement. <#LINE#> @ @ Young D.F, Effect of a time-dependent stenosis on flow through a tube, J. Engng Ind., Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Engrs., 90, 248-254 (1968) @No $ @ @ Forrester J.H. and Young D.F., Flow through a converging-diverging tube and its implications in occlusive vascular disease, J. Biomech., , 297-316(1970) @No $ @ @ Lee J.S. and Fung Y.C., Flow in locally constricted tubes at low Reynolds number, J. Appl. Mech.,  37, 9-16 (1970) @No $ @ @ Morgan B.E. and Young D.F., An integral method for the analysis of flow in arterial stenoses., J. Math. Bio. 36, 39-53(1974) @No $ @ @ Haldar K., Analysis of separation of blood flow in constricted arteries, Archives of Mechanics, 43(1), 107-113 (1991) @No $ @ @ Chow J.C.F., Soda K. and Dean C., On laminar flow in wavy channel, Developments in Mechanics, , proceedings of the 12th Midwestern Mechanics Conference @No $ @ @ Shukla J.B., Parihar R.S., Rao B.R.P., Effects of stenosis on Non-Newtonian flow of the blood in an artery, Bull. of Math. Bio. 42, 283-294 (1980) @No $ @ @ Mishra J.C. and Shit G.C., Blood flow through arteries in a pathological state, a theoretical study, Int. J. of Eng. Sci., 44, 662-671 (2006) @No $ @ @ Haldar K., Effect of the shape of stenosis on the resistance to blood flow through an artery, Bull. of Math. Bio.47(4), 545-550 (1985) @No $ @ @ Cheng Tu and Michel Deville,  Pulsatile flow of non- Newtonian  fluids through arterial stenoses, J. Biomech. 29(7), 899-908 (1996) @No $ @ @ Vahdati S., Tavassoli Kajani M. and Ghasemi M., Application to Homotopy Analysis Method to SIR Epidemic Model, Res. J. Recent Sci.,2(1), 91-96 (2013) @No $ @ @ Thundil Karuppa Raj R. and Ramsai R., Numerical study of fluid flow and effect of inlet pipe angle in catalytic converter using CFD, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(7), 39-44 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chauhan Rajsinh B. and Thundil Karuppa Raj R., Numerical investigation of external flow around the Ahmed reference body using computational fluid dynamics, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(9), 1-5 (2012) @No $ @ @ Siddiqui A.M. and Kaloni P.N., Certain inverse solutions of a non-Newtonian fluid, Int. J. Non-Linear Mech., 21(6), 459-473 (1986) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Measuring the Personal and Organizational goals Alignment: Developing a Practical Model<#LINE#>Kheirandish@Mehdi<#LINE#>125-132<#LINE#>17.ISCA-RJRS-2013-315.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Management, Shahid Satari University, IRAN<#LINE#>27/5/2013<#LINE#>11/7/2013<#LINE#>The present research tries to provide a model for measuring the degree of compatibility between personal and organizational goals. The research question is what is the appropriate model of measuring compatibility and degree of compatibility between personal and organizational goals? For this purpose, we chose workers of Isfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company as our statistical population. In order to gather data, we made use of analyzing documents and conducting investigative deep interviews, employing a descriptive method of research. The degree of compatibility between personal and organizational goals is determined by a developed model. The results showed that the general compatibility was 74%, the level of personal goal achievement 61% and the level of organizational goal achievement 87%, which mark a moderate degree of compatibility. In the end, suggestions are offered to managers for the implementation of alignment model. <#LINE#> @ @ Abtahi, S.H., Human resource management, karaj: Research and Education institution publication, (2004) @No $ @ @ Pooya, A., Rezazadeh Barfoei, H., Kargozar, N., Maleki, F., Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Management Strategies, Research Journal of Recent Sciences 2(7), 37-42, July (2013) @No $ @ @ Jalali S. M., Khadem M., Javidani, M., Investigation of the Effective Factors on Brand Loyalty and Repurchase Intention (Case study: Iranian Consumers), Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(2), 10-17, (2013) @No $ @ @ Harbert, S.D., Organizational Alignment – A Model and Case Study, An Experiment within the Australian Organization for Quality, Available at: www.hotmanagement.com, (2002) @No $ @ @ Davis, Robert j., The Alignment of Management Development with Organizations Goals and Objectives, Branson Management technologies, Available at: Google sight, (2007) @No $ @ @ Mostafa, K., Batool, R., Parvaneh, P., Alireza, A., Identify and Ranking Factors Affecting Bank Maskan Service Quality using Kano Model, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(4), 11-19, (2013) @No $ @ @ Labovitz, George H., The Power of Alignment: How the Right Tods Enhance Organizational Focus, Available at: www.bpmmag.net/magazine/article.html, (2006) @No $ @ @ Bozorgi, F., Social, organizational and personal goals, Tadbir journal, 15, 144, (2004) @No $ @ @ Alvani, S.M., Public management, Tehran: Ney publication, (2007) @No $ @ @ Handerson,Richard L., Compensation Management: A knowledge – Based world, Printice - Hall Inc, (2000) @No $ @ @ Harvey,James, A Practical Approach to Aligning and Managing Employee Goals, Available at:www Knowledge – infusion.Com, (2006) @No $ @ @ Reich,B.H. & Benbasat, I., Measuring the linkage Between Business & information technology objectives, MIS Quartely, Vol. No.4, (2001) @No $ @ @ Havighurst, Lauren, Using Competencies and Metrics to Align Employee Performance with Corporate Goals, Available at: avilar.com, (2005) @No $ @ @ Tosti, Donald T & Stephanie F.jackson, Organizational Alignment, Avalible: www.ichangeworld.com, (2003) @No $ @ @ Macdonald, Hughak, Organizational Trans Formation and Alignment: Misalignment as an Impediment to Progress in Organizational Development, Information Management & Computer Security, Vol., No 4, (1994) @No $ @ @ Shoaib, A., Zainab, N., Maqsood, H., Sana, R., Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Organizations, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(5), 15-20, (2013) @No $ @ @ Weathersby, G., Organizational Alignment Creating, Value--Implementing Strategy, Avalible at: www.GenesysLLC.com, (2005) @No $ @ @ Salinesi,Camille et al, Experimenting a Modeling Approach for Designing Organizations Strategies in the cotext of strategies Alignment, Awere2006 Adelaide,Australia, (2006) @No $ @ @ Moghimi S.M., Organization and management with research approach, Tehran: Termeh publication, (2007) @No $ @ @ Soumia A. Rabah, I, Abdelaziz, K. and Mohamed M.A., Components Oriented Method for Evaluation of e-Government Information Systems Agility, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(7), 57-65, (2013) @No $ @ @ Newman, Lawrence, w, Social Research Method: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, Boston, allyn & bacon, (1991) @No $ @ @ Devas, D.A., Survey in social science research, (translated by Hooshang Nayebi), Tehran: Ney publication, (2004) @No
<#LINE#>A Comparative Analysis of Electronic Money in United Kingdom and Pakistan<#LINE#>Zubair@Muhammad,Khattak@Sadia<#LINE#>133-140<#LINE#>18.ISCA-RJRS-2013-462.pdf<#LINE#> Law Department Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan KPK, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>19/7/2013<#LINE#>30/8/2013<#LINE#>Over the years, there is phenomenal change in technology and market competition and these are the forms through which the money ownership is transferred from one person to another. Originally a physical substance such as gold and silver or even alive – cattle were considered as forms of money. Even though the greater amount of money used by the individuals in their daily transactions is still in the form of coins and notes, but if we compare it with the intangible money that exists only as entries in bank records, it quantity is much smaller. Perhaps banknotes and coins will become as obsolete as cowries’ shells. This intangible (electronic) money acts as a replacement for cash, where monetary value is stored on a smart card and is used to make daily small payments. Therefore, electronic money has become an essential element and affects our lives in one way or another. This paper investigates the electronic money in two different regimes that is, The United Kingdom and Pakistan. Here the Legal Framework, payment mechanism, permission for issuance, authorization requirements and purse limit of the electronic money in these two countries has been investigated. Prudential and other requirements which are regulating and affecting the electronic money in these regimes have been investigated here. The various restrictions and limitations imposed by the authorities in these regimes on the electronic money firms have been discussed in this paper. Assessments of the Consumer Protection laws in these regimes which are relevant to the electronic money have been touched as well. <#LINE#> @ @ http://www.cato.org/moneyconf/14mc-6.html10/11/2012 (2012) @No $ @ @ http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/emoney15/11/2012 (2012) @No $ @ @ Lorne D. Crerar, The law of banking in Scotland, , 480 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ellinger E.P., Lomnickal E. and Hooley R.J.A., Ellinger’s Modern Banking Law, 4, 597 (2006) @No $ @ @ http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/jilt/2003_2/bamodu/21/12/2012 (2012) @No $ @ @ http://www.afact2006.com.pk/presentation/Epayments_Without_Frontiers.pdf25/12/2012 (2012) @No $ @ @ http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/emoneyfaq.html, dated 05/01/2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ Dr. 'Gbenga Bamodu, The Regulation of Electronic Money Institutions in the United Kingdom, (2003) @No $ @ @ Lorne D. Crerar,The law of banking in Scotland, 2, 480 (2007) @No $ @ @ S.I. 2001/544 (2001) @No $ @ @ Regulated Activities Order, Article 9BFSMA (2000) @No $ @ @ Art 2 of S.I. 2002/682 inserts this definition of 'electronic money' into Art 3(1) of the earlier S.I. 2001/544 (2002) @No $ @ @ ELM (Electronic Money Institution)§ 1.3.1[G]FSMA (2000) @No $ @ @ For definitions of various types of electronic money issuers, see the Glossary of Definitions section of the Handbook of Rules and Guidance (2000) @No $ @ @ A ‘lead regulated firm’ is defined in the Glossary of Definitions as ‘a firm, which is the subject of the financial supervision requirements of an overseas regulator in accordance with an agreement between the FSA and that regulator relating to the financial supervisions of firms whose head office is within the country of that regulator’ (2000) @No $ @ @ An incoming EEA firm is an EEA firm which is exercising or has exercised its right to carry on a regulated activity in the United Kingdom in accordance with Schedule 3 to the FSA (EEA “passport rights”) while an incoming Treaty firm is a Treaty firm that is exercising or has exercised its right to carry on a regulated activity in the United Kingdom in accordance with Schedule 4 to the FSA (Treaty rights) (2000) @No $ @ @ http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/jilt/2003_2/bamodu/20/01/2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ An ‘EEA firm’ issuing electronic money is one which has its head office in any EEA country other than United Kingdom but it is authorized by its home state regulator and its ‘Passport Rights’ are the rights to establish a branch in or to provide cross border services into the United Kingdom under a ‘single market directive’ and an EEA firm exercising these right is an incoming EEA firm (2003) @No $ @ @ A ‘'Treaty firm’ is one whose head office is in an EEA State (its home state), other than the United Kingdom, and which is recognized under the law of that State as its national. Its authorization to carry on a regulated activity not covered by a single market directive in the United Kingdom, are its ‘Treaty Rights’ and a treaty firm exercising such rights is an incoming Treaty firm (2003) @No $ @ @ ELM(Electronic Money Institution) § 2.4.2 [R]FSMA (2000) @No $ @ @ The right to redeem must be expressed as a contractual term. For this purpose, the e-money firm must ensure that there is a contract between itself and any person to whom it issues e-money or any person with a redemption right (such as a merchant accepting its e-money as payment), in the case of the former, before it issues the e-money and in the latter before the person with the redemption right obtains the e-money or as soon as reasonably possible afterwards. (ELM § 6.7)FSMA (2000) @No $ @ @ Established under s. 213 FSMA 2000 for compensating persons where authorized persons are unable to satisfy claims against them (2000) @No $ @ @ Scheme set up under Part XVI of the FSMA 2000 by which some disputes may be resolved quickly and with minimum formality by an independent person. S. 225 - 234 of the FSMA (2000) @No $ @ @ ELM(Electronic Money Institution) § 6.9.8[R] FSMA (2000) @No $ @ @ Electronic Money Sourcebook (Amendment) Instrument, (2005) @No $ @ @ Re. Charge Card Services Ltd Ch. 497 (1989) @No $ @ @ Mark Hapgood, Paget’s Banking,370-371(Nov, 2002) @No $ @ @ (2002) @No $ @ @ http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/jilt/2003_2/bamodu/25/01/2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ The Banking Code § 9.15 (March 2005) @No $ @ @ (2005) @No $ @ @ Master Circular of Payment Systems’ Statements, PSD Master Circular/2005, Dated August 27, (2005) @No $ @ @ S.2(q) of Payment Systems and Electronic Funds Transfers Act, 2005 (A bill) (2005) @No