@Research Paper <#LINE#>Studies for Identification of Polymorphism in Promoter Sequence of growth hormone gene from microminipig (MMP) with direct sequencing PCR<#LINE#>Ashok@ShedageKishor,Kuwabara@Yasushi,Abe1@Shunnosuke,Morita@EugeneHayato <#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2013-851.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratory of Molecular Cell Physiology, Department of Applied Bioresources, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama-790-8566,JAPAN@Fuji Nojo Service, 5247-34 Kitayama, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka, 418-0012, JAPAN@Venture Business Laboratory, Ehime University, Matsuyama-790-8577, JAPAN <#LINE#>11/11/2013<#LINE#>3/3/2014<#LINE#> Growth hormone (GH) is the main protein hormone released from anterior pituitary gland of hypothalamus region of brain in mammals. It is extensively studied in pig and it is encoded by GH gene. Microminipig (MMP) is the world’s smallest pig developed by Fuji Micra Inc, Japan. It weighs 6-7 kg at the age of 6 months. The transcription regulation is the key step in expression of eukaryotic gene expression and it depends on various cis and transacting elements. To our knowledge, the variation in sequence of GH promoter region in MMP, 1 kb upstream from 1st exon has studied first time. All consensus sites are conserved in MMPs except TATA box sequence which has another version such as TATATAAA. The Variations at -934, -713, -626, -574 and -499 sites are observed only in MMPs. These variations of MMPs could be used as possible genetic markers for pig production. <#LINE#> @ @ Evans H.M. and Long J. A., Characteristic effects upon growth, oestrus and ovulation induced by the intraperitoneal administration of fresh anterior hypophyseal substance, Anatomical Record,23, 19 (1922a) @No $ @ @ Evans H.M. and Long J.A., Characteristic effects upon growth, oestrus and ovulation induced by the intraperitoneal administration of fresh anterior hypophyseal substance, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, , 38–39 (1922b) @No $ @ @ Evans H.M. and Simpson M.E., Hormones of the anterior hypophysis, American Journal of Physiology,98, 511–546 (1931) @No $ @ @ Lee M.O. and Schaffer N.K., Anterior pituitary growth hormone and the composition of growth, The Journal of Nutrition,7, 337–363 (1934) @No $ @ @ Li C.H., Evans H.M. and Simpson M.E., Isolation and properties of the anterior hypophyseal growth hormone, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 159, 353–366 (1945) @No $ @ @ Kostyo J.L., Rapid effects of growth hormone on amino acid transport and protein synthesis, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 148, 389–407 (1968) @No $ @ @ Scanlon M.F., Issa B.G. and Dieguez C., Regulation of growth hormone secretion, Hormone Research, 46, 149-154 (1996) @No $ @ @ Yerle M., Mansais Y., Thomsen PD. and Gellin J., Localization of the porcine growth hormone gene to chromosome 12p1.2--�p1.5. 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within the SV40 enhancer region display different cell-specific enhancer activities, EMBO (European Molecular Biology Organization) Journal, , 1017-25 (1987) @No $ @ @ Serfling E., Jasin M. and Schaffner W., Enhancers and eukaryotic gene transcription, Trends in Genetics,, 224-230 (1985) @No $ @ @ Dynan W.S. and Tjian R., Control of eukaryotic messenger RNA synthesis by sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, Nature 316, 774-778 (1985) @No $ @ @ Maniatis T., Goodbourn S. and Fischer J.A., Regulation of inducible and tissue-specific gene expression, Science,236, 1237-1245 (1987) @No $ @ @ Ptashne M., How eukaryotic transcriptional activators work, Nature, 35, 683-689 (1988) @No $ @ @ Lillie J.W. and Green M.R., Gene transcription : Activator's target in sight, Nature,341, 279-280 (1989) @No $ @ @ Ma J. and Ptashne M., Converting a eukaryotic transcriptional inhibitor into an activator, Cell, 55, 443-446 (1988) @No $ @ @ Sturm S., Tanaka M. and Herr W., The Oct-1 homoeodomain directs formation of a multiprotein-DNA complex with the HSV transactivator VP16, Nature,341, 624-630 (1989) @No $ @ @ Theill L.E. and Karin M., Transcriptional control of GH expression and anterior pituitary development, Endocrine Reviews,14, 670-689 (1993) @No $ @ @ Faisst S. and Meyer S., Compilation of vertebrate-encoded transcription factors, Nucleic Acids Research, 20, 3-26 (1992) @No $ @ @ Kim J.L., Nikolov D.B. and Burley S.K., Co-crystal structure of TBP recognizing the minor groove of a TATA element, Nature, 365, 520-527 (1993) @No $ @ @ Kim Y., Geiger J.H., Hanh S. and Sigler P.B., Crystal structure of a yeast TBP/TATA-box complex, Nature,365, 512-520 (1993) @No $ @ @ Kirkpatrick B.W., Huff B.M. and Casas-Carrillo E., Double-strand DNA conformation polymorphisms as a source of highly polymorphic genetic markers, Animal Genetics, 24, 155- 161 (1993) @No $ @ @ Castrillo J.L., Theill L.E. and Karin M., Function of the homeodomain protein GHF1 in pituitary cell proliferation, Science, 253, 197–199 (1991) @No $ @ @ Mangalam H.J., Albert V.R., Ingraham H.A., Kapiloff M., Wilson L., Nelson C., Elsholtz H. and Rosenfeld M.G., A pituitary POU domain protein, Pit-1, activates both growth hormone and prolactin promoters transcriptionally, Genes and Development, , 946–958 (1989) @No $ @ @ McCormick A., Brady H., Fukushima J. and Karin M., The pituitary-specific regulatory gene GHF1 contains a minimal cell type-specific promoter centered around its TATA box, Genes and Development,, 1490-1503 (1991) @No $ @ @ Lemaigre F.P., Courtois S.J., Lafontaine D.A. and Rousseau G.G., Evidence that the upstream stimulatory factor and the Spl transcription factor bind in vitro to the promoter of the human-growth-hormone gene, European Journal of Biochemistry,181, 555-561 (1989) @No $ @ @ Larsen N.J. and Nielsen V.H., DNA sequence variation in the porcine growth hormone promoter region from Danish and exotic pigs, Animal Biology, , 151-166 (1997) @No $ @ @ Schaufele F., West B.L. and Reudelhuber T.L., Overlapping Pit-1 and Spl binding sites are both essential to full rat growth hormone gene promoter activity despite mutually exclusive Pit-1 and Spl binding, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 265, 17189-17196 (1990) @No $ @ @ Lipkin S.M., Naar A.M., Kalla K.A., Sack R.A. and Rosenfeld M.G., Identification of a novel zinc finger protein binding a conserved element critical for Pit-1-dependent growth hormone gene expression, Genes and Development, 1674-1687 (1993) @No $ @ @ Courtois S.J., Lafontaine DA, Lemaigre FP, Durviaux SM. and Rousseau GG., Nuclear factor-I and activator protein-2 bind in a mutually exclusive way to overlapping promoter sequences and trans-activate the human growth hormone gene, Nucleic Acids Research, 18, 57-64 (1990) @No $ @ @ Schaufele F., Cassill J.A., West B.L. and Reudelhuber T., Resolution by diagonal gel mobility shift assays of multisubunit complexes binding to a functionally important element of the rat growth hormone gene promoter, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 265,14592-14598 (1990) @No <#LINE#>The Survey of Relationship between Personality Characteristic of Employees and Organizational Conflict (Interpersonal) in Governmental Organizations of Kerman, Iran<#LINE#>Sanjar@Salajegheh,Nasrin@Pirmoradi<#LINE#>9-15<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2013-751.pdf<#LINE#> Member of scientific board, Management Department, Islamic Azad University of Kerman, IRAN <#LINE#>17/10/2013<#LINE#>10/12/2013<#LINE#> Background In the current era, recognition of people personal characteristics in different situation of life is very necessary. The studies show that individual difference and personality of people is one of the reasons of conflict in organization. In other words, conflict is due to the disagreement of people in goals, subjects, opinions and similar cases. The method: this research was done by using cross-sectional studies and correlation method in 2007. From 12 organizations of governmental organization, 250 employees were the sample of the population of 1984 people in this study. This research was done by questionnaire that its validity and reliability was evaluated. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software, Pearson and Kendall’s correlation tests and log-linear analysis after collection. Findings: between the personality characteristics of control focus of employee and their authoritarianism and organizational conflict (interpersonal) there was a positive significant statistic relationship. In other words, interpersonal conflict will increase, if willingness of individual were toward introversion and authoritarianism of staff were increase. There was a significant negative relationship between staff's personality characteristics, self-esteem and compatibility with their position and organizational conflict (interpersonal). I.e. the rate of interpersonal conflict will decrease if self-esteem and compatibility increase according to staff's position. Conclusion: To understand different level of staff's performance, recognition of difference in attitudes, perception, mental and physical abilities and personal features are very important and lead to reduction of organization conflicts. <#LINE#> @ @ Robins. S, organizational treat management, translated by Ali Parsaeiyan and Mohammad Aarabi, fifth edition, Tehran, commercial research and study institute, (1994) @No $ @ @ Cohen. M, when it comes to negotiating business conflict, saved from: http://Boston,biz journals.com/ Boston/Stories, (2004) @No $ @ @ Nasre Esfahani Ali, group treat management, first edition, Esfahan, jahaddaneshgahi publishing, Esfahan unit, (2000) @No $ @ @ Wertheim. E, Negotiations and resolving conflicts, saved from: http://www.web.Cab.Neu.Edw/-ewelthei/ interpersonal/negot3.htm, (2002) @No $ @ @ Mohammad zadeh. A and Mehrozhan Armin, organizational behavior of contingency outlook, first edition, Tehran, Allameh Tabatabaee university publishing, (1994) @No $ @ @ Lotfali Forozan. M, survey of resolve methods in organizational conflict and its deal with managers personality, MA thesis educational management, Alzahra university,(2006) @No $ @ @ Moshabaki.A, Management of organizational treat and applied valuable analysis of organization treat, third edition, Tehran, Termeh publishing, (2006) @No $ @ @ Nicholas Hmid P, self-monitoring, locus of control and social encounters of Chinese and Newzeland students, Journal of cross-cultural psychology, 353-365,(1994) @No $ @ @ Wenzel S.L, Gender, Ethnic Group and Home Lessness and Predictors of Locus of among Job Training Participants,The journal of social psychology, 4, (1993) @No $ @ @ Ashraf Gitty, Control base, Management journal in educational, 125, 16-25, (2000) @No $ @ @ Parva M, industry and management psychology, second edition, Tehran, SahamiEnteshar Company publishing,(1991) @No $ @ @ Ezadi Yazdan and Abadi Ahmad, conflict management, first edition, Tehran, Imam Hussein university publishing, (2000) @No $ @ @ Clinic Al Criss, Applied psychology in faced with life and technology challenges in 21th, translated by Mohammad Goodarzi, first edition, Tehran, Resa cultural services, (2003) @No $ @ @ Jaafari M, The survey of personality characteristic's impact on success of senior managers in Zanjan governmental organizations, MA thesis, ShahidBeheshti University, (1998) @No $ @ @ Enger JM, Howerton D.L and Cobbs C.R, Internal External Locus of Control, Self-esteem, and Parental Verbal Interaction of At-Risk Blackmale Adolescents, The Journal of Social Psychology, 269-274, (1994) @No $ @ @ Samare Moosavi A, The Survey of Relation between Locus of Control, Self-esteem and Stress Measure of Women Employees in Kerman Governmental Organizations, MA thesis, Azad university of Kerman, (2005) @No $ @ @ Branden Nathanie, Self-esteem psychology, translated by Mehdi Gharache Daghi, fourth edition, Tehran, Nokhostin publishing, (2005) @No $ @ @ Sultani. I and Rohani. A, Management of Employee's Personality Difference, Science, Investigative Journal of Informing Management, 67-68, P6-12, (2002) @No $ @ @ Schermenharn et, al, Basic Organizational Behavior, Second Edition, by John Wiley and Sons, (1998) @No $ @ @ Bran R and Greenberg J, Behavior in Organization, Third Edition, Allyn and Bacon, (1990) @No $ @ @ Weiss J, Organizational Behavior and Change, First Edition, West Publishing Company, (1996) @No $ @ @ Sohrabian T, The Survey of Religious Impact on Personal and Social Compatible of High School Student of Lorestan, MA thesis in Alzahra university of Tehran, (2000) @No $ @ @ Navabi Nejad Sh, Normal and Abnormal Behaviors, Tehran, Ebtekar Cultural Organization publishing, Third Edition, (1992) @No $ @ @ Hassan Zade. F, The Survey of Relationship of Exercise to Social Compatible and Self-esteem of Female in High School Students, MA thesis in Alzahra university, (2003) @No $ @ @ Bazl Masoume, The Survey of Relationship of Solving Skill and Compatibility Value in Male and Female Student in Second Grade of High School in North and South of Tehran, Culture and Investigate Journal, No: 189, Saved from: http://www.fpm.ir/archive/no-189, (2004) @No $ @ @ Fathi Ashtiyani A ,Introduction on Political Psychology, Tehran, Besat publishing, Fourth Edition, (1998) @No $ @ @ Ghorbani M, Conflict Management and Its Impact on Organizations, First edition, Mashhad, Tous investigative publishing, (2000) @No $ @ @ Farhangi M, Remove Tensions in Organizations Contacts, Tadbir journal, 56, P6-58, (1995) @No $ @ @ Black Sandra M, Personality Librarians as Communicators, journal of Research in Personality(2000) @No $ @ @ Hashemi Rekavandi and Seyed M, Leadership and Management, Human and Organizational Relationship (in Iran, Islam and West), First edition, Babul, Baten publishing, (2000) @No <#LINE#>Developing a commodity trading strategy for Iran By applying a Gravity Model among D-8 Countries<#LINE#>Gh@Khorshidi,G.A.@Alipourian,S.M.@Hosseini,A.A.@Aminbeydokhti<#LINE#>16-24<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2013-807.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of management and accounting, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IRAN @ Dept. of Management, Semnan University Tehran, IRAN<#LINE#>29/10/2013<#LINE#>6/1/2014<#LINE#> Globalization is an inevitable process with two approaches including: the globalization of the economy and the expansion of global trade. There are two paradoxical consequences of the creation of trade (social welfare) and the deviation of trade (decreased welfare) which elicits the countries’ reactions. This dialectic move is represented in the countries’ attitudes toward blocs, associations, and economic and commercial arrangements among countries. The literature indicates the inapplicability of the human-based indexes in the estimated model of the commercial potential of the countries in forming economic and commercial associations. Accordingly, the present study aims at developing a strategic framework of Iran’s commodity trading with the D-8 countries based on the GM theory. The generalized GM theory turns into an expanded GM theory using variables expressing human attitudes. The findings indicated that as the classical variables of GDP and openness economy, and per capita production increase, Iran’s trading potential increases. Distance and population increase, however, decrease this potential. Human variables including the human development index, the share of research in GDP, the share of public trainings, and the ratio of labor force in the industry to the total labor force show that as these variable grow, Iran’s goods trade potential will increase. In fact, the innovative part of the process of developing the Iranian goods trade model involves proving the effect of the human-based variables in the Gravity model. The study demonstrated that the Linder variable and direct foreign investments do not influence commercial trades among the D-8 countries. <#LINE#> @ @ WTO Secretariat, Regional trade agreements. www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/region_e.htm, (2011) @No $ @ @ Karimi Hasinjeh Hossein, Economic Integration for Iranian Economy: Cluster Analysis, Journal of Economic Studies,81, 181-207 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lee H and Park I, In search of optimized regional trade agreements and applications to East Asia, World Econ, 30(5), 783-806 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bunt MJG and Klaassen FJGM, The Euro effect on trade is not as large as commonly thought, Oxford B Econ Stat,69(4), 473-96 (2007) @No $ @ @ Grant JS and Lambert DM, Do regional trade agreements increase members agricultural trade?, Am J Agric Econ, 90(3), 765-82 (2008) @No $ @ @ Siliverstovs B and Schumacher D, Estimating gravity equations : To logor not to log?, Empir Econ,36(3), 645-69 (2008) @No $ @ @ Henderson DJ and Millimet DL, Is gravity linear?, J Appl Econ;23(2), 137-72 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bussière M, Fidrmuc J and Schnatz B, EU Enlargement and Trade Integration. Review of Development Economics, Wiley Online Library,12(3),562–576 (2008) @No $ @ @ Park Soonchan and Park Innwon, Reform creating regional trade agreements and foreign direct investment : Applications for East Asia, Pac Econ Rev,13(5), 550-568 (2008) @No $ @ @ Lampe M, Bilateral trade flows in Europe, 18571875:a new dataset, Res Econ Hist,26(1), 81–155 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kepaptsoglou K, Tsamboulas D, Karlaftis MG and Marzano V, Analyzing free trade agreements effects in the mediterranean region : A sure gravity model based approach, Transp Res Rec, 2097, 88-96 (2009) @No $ @ @ Baier SL and Bergstrand JH, Bonus vetus OLS: A simple method forapproximating international trede-cost effects using the gravity equation, J Int Econ,77(1), 77-85 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kaur S. and Nanda P, India’s Export Potential to Other SAARC Countries : A Gravity Model Analysis,Journal of Global Economy, 6(3), 167-184 (2010) @No $ @ @ Roy M and Rayhan M.I, Trade Flows of Bangladesh: A Gravity Model Approach, Economics Bulletin, 31(1), 950-959, (2011) @No $ @ @ Gust Christopher, Leduc Sylvain and Vigfusson Robert. Trade Integration, Competition, and the Decline in Exchange Rate Pass- Through, Monetary Economics, 57, 309-324 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chisik Richard, Trade disputes, Quality choice and Economic Integration, international Economics, 1-48 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bahmani-Oskooee, Mohsen, Bolhassani, Marzieh, Hegerty and Scott W., The effects of currency fluctuations and trade integration on industry trade between Canada and Mexico, Research in Economics, Elsevier,64(4), 212-223 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rahmani Mitra, and Abedini M, Assessment of Iran Export Development with Commercial Selected partners, Quarterly Journal of Commerce,46, 177-145 (2008) @No $ @ @ Najar Zadeh, Reza Mahdavi, and Rasekh Elham, Impacts of Globalization on Income Distribution in D-8 Member Countries, 54, 87 (2010) @No $ @ @ Tayebi Seyed, Komeil Emad, Zadeh Mostafa and Seikh Bahaee, Azita : Inflence of Industrial Exports and Human Capital on Productivity and Economic Growth in OIC Member Countries, Seasonal Journal of economics,17, 85-106 (2008) @No $ @ @ Shekibaee Alireza and Bata Fatemeh, Economic Convergence in Southwest Asia, Seasonal Journal of Business, 53, 23-47, (2009) @No $ @ @ Toosi mandana, Reza Moghaddasi, Yazdani Saeed and Ahmadian Majid, Regionalism and Its Effects on Iranian Agricultural Exports : The case of Economic Cooperation Organization, American Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(7), 1380-1384 (2009) @No $ @ @ Akbari Simin, Interaction Between Income Convergence and The Expansion of Trade Flows Between Iran and The Selected Blocks, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(10), 372-387, ISSN 1991-8178, (2012) @No $ @ @ Sheihaki Tash, Mohim Jajri, Idris Bin, Shahiki Tash and Mohammad Nabi, T An Analysis of Bilateral Trade between Iran and D-8 Countries, Global Journal of Business and Management Research,12(2), 27, (2012) @No $ @ @ Razzaghi Somayeh, Mohammad Ali, Mota fakker and Yusef Sofi, The Determinants of Trade Flows between D-8 Group Members through Gravity Model, J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res.,2(6), 5726-5731, ISSN 2090-4304,(2012) @No $ @ @ Zarra Nezhad Mansor and Anvari Ebrahim, Reviews of Panel Data Application in Econometrics, Quarterly Journal of Quantitative Economics,4,(2006) @No $ @ @ Pesaran Hashem M, Jörg Breitung, Unit Roots and Cointegration in Panels, The Econometrics of Panel Data, Oxford Journals Life Sciences and Mathematics and Physical Sciences Biometrika Volume 75, Issue 2 Pp. 335-346 , (2008 ) @No $ @ @ Rajabzadeh, Armin and Panahzadeh Asghar, Studying the Role of Modern Marketing in Developing Non-Oil Exports, Reseach Journal of Recent Sciences,2(6), 83-89, (2013) @No <#LINE#>Educational Need Assessment of the Staff in Broadcast Corporation, Political Department<#LINE#>M@Shahrzad,G@Ramzgooyan,A@Afshari<#LINE#>25-31<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJRS-2013-842.pdf<#LINE#> Management Department, Azad University of Tehran, North Tehran Branch, IRAN <#LINE#>8/11/2013<#LINE#>13/1/2014<#LINE#> The aim of this study is educational need assessment of the staff in Broadcast Corporation, Political Department during first 3 months of 2013. Research model of this study is adopted from Barbazbette model whose barriers include physical, emotional, and rational types. Each of these levels may occur in personal, environmental, or informatics dimensions. To gather data, library, field, and survey methods were used. To analyze data, t-test and Friedman test were used. Based on the results, personal barriers with dimensions of knowledge and motivation, environmental barriers with dimensions of methods and trends, and bonus influence the performance of the staff at high level. While, personal barriers with dimension of ability, environmental barriers with dimensions of resources, duty expectations, and informatics barriers with two aspects of mission and current information are at low level. <#LINE#> @ @ Roomer D., Advanced macroeconomy, translated by Tagavi, M., Islamic Azad University Publication,Tehran, 1, (2004) @No $ @ @ Barbazette J., Training needs assessment : Methods, tools and techniques, San Francisco : Pfeiffer, (2006) @No $ @ @ Cekada T., Training needs assessment, Professional Safety, Jan. 26, 2010, from http://www.ispi.org/pdf/ suggested Reading/Miller_Osinski.pdf., (2010) @No $ @ @ Chow A., A Needs Assessment of the Knowledge, Skills, and Use of Finance Competencies by Human Performance Technology Practitioners, Doctoral dissertation, North Carolina State University, (2010) @No $ @ @ Abdullah H., Training needs assessment, European Journal of Scientific Research, 37(3), 351-360, (2009) @No $ @ @ Milne A. and Roberts B., UK Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 153–164 Printed in the United Kingdom DOI: 10.1017/S1352465802002035, (2002) @No $ @ @ Wallace N., Employee Training Needs Assessment of Businesses, Industries and Government in Reno and Sparks, Nevada, dissertation Doctor, University Of Nevada Reno, (1984) @No $ @ @ Hoseini A., Need assessment of oil engineers in Oil Company of Iran based on job classification, offering an effective educational pattern, MA thesis, Allameh University, (2008) @No $ @ @ Hasanzadeh S., Educational assessment of intermediate managers of Irankhodro Company and its belongings, MA thesis, Beheshti University, Tehran, (2008) @No $ @ @ Ebrahimi M., Educational need assessment of piece-manufacturing company and offering an optimal pattern for it, MA thesis, Allameh University, Tehran, (2007) @No $ @ @ Najafabadi M., Need assessment of intermediate managers of Iron-Melting Company of Isfahan for offering an effective educational pattern, MA thesis, Beheshti University, (2007) @No $ @ @ Zamani M., Need assessment of intermediate managers of Iron-Melting Company of Isfahan for offering an effective educational pattern, MA thesis, Allameh University, Tehran, (2005) @No $ @ @ Mousavi Tatfi Seyed Abbas, Training Model for Business Performance Improvement: the Case of Iran, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(7), 45-51 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nabizadeh Tahere, Gharib Tarzeh Zahra, Dorbanai Fateme and Yaghoobi Jami Asma, Investigating the Effects of Job Experience, Satisfaction, and Motivationon Organizational Commitment Case Study: (The Nurses of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran)Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(7), 59-67 (2012) @No <#LINE#>A Comparative Determination of Vocabulary Learning Strategies of Saudi EFL Learners<#LINE#>Javid@ChoudharyZahid<#LINE#>32-41<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJRS-2013-883.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Foreign Languages, College of Arts, Taif University, Taif, KSA <#LINE#>18/11/2013<#LINE#>3/2/2014<#LINE#> This empirical study investigates Saudi EFL learners’ patterns of vocabulary learning strategies used by them to learn their discipline-related vocabulary. It also attempts to investigate their preferences towards using various strategies to learn new English vocabulary along gender lines. For data collection a 44-item Likert-scale questionnaire was exploited and given to 82 male and 71 female Saudi EFL learners. Independent-samples t-test was run to calculate the descriptive analysis in terms of means and standard deviations and to see whether any significant differences existed along gender-lines or not. The results of this empirical investigation suggested that Saudi EFL learners represented by the sample of this study liked the determination strategies the most followed by memory strategies. Among the remaining strategies, cognitive, metacognitive and social strategies have been assigned 3rd, 4th, and 5th positions respectively. The results also suggest that Saudi EFL learners exploit various strategies to inference the meaning of new words. It is also reported that Saudi EFL learners do not like note-taking strategies and encoding strategies. It is recommended that EFL teachers working in the KSA should convince their students regarding the pedagogical significance of these techniques and encourage them to maintain vocabulary notebooks, use techniques of learning new words through previously learned knowledge such as exploiting some form of imagery, or grouping. The findings of this study seem to suggest that VLS training should be considered important and need to be given priority by EFL faculty so that effective vocabulary learning may be ensured. This study has the pedagogical implication to acquaint EFL teachers with the psychological underpinnings of Saudi learners related to VLS to train them to maximize their vocabulary learning possibilities. <#LINE#> @ @ A Komol T. and Sripetpun W., Vocabulary learning strategies employed by undergraduate students and its relationship to their vocabulary knowledge. Paper presented at The 3rd International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences held on April 2, 2011 at Prince of Songkla University, Thailand,(2011) @No $ @ @ Samian S.H. and Tavakoli M., The relationship between Iranian EFL learners rote learning strategies use and their level of Proficiency. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 3(4), 625-631 (2012) @No $ @ @ Oxford R.L., Language learning strategies: what every teacher should know. Boston, MS: Heinle and Heinle Publishers, (1990) @No $ @ @ Aljdee A., The relationship between vocabulary strategies and vocabulary knowledge. In M Osman (ed.), Special Issues for the Nile TESOL Skills Conference Proceedings, AUC TESOL Journal : The American University in Cairo,(2-33), (2011) @No $ @ @ Gu Y., Learning Strategies for Vocabulary Development. Reflections on English Language Teaching, (2), 105-118 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gu P.Y., Vocabulary learning in a second language: Person, task, context and strategies. TESL Electronic Journal, (2), Article. 4 (2003) @No $ @ @ Available online : http://www-writing.berkeley.edu/TESL-EJ/ej26/a4.html. 7.Noor N.M. and Amir Z., Exploring the vocabulary learning strategies of EFL learners. Pertanika J. Soc. and Hum. 20(3), 313-327 (2012) @No $ @ @ Available online, http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/ Pertanika%20PAPERS/JSSH%20Vol.%2020%20(3)%20Sep.%202012%20(View%20Full%20Journal) pdf, (2012) @No $ @ @ Ranalli J.M., The treatment of key vocabulary learning strategies in current ELT coursebooks: repetition, resource use, recording. Unpublished MA Thesis, University of Birmingham (2003) , Available on www.cels.bham.ac.uk/resources/essays/RanalliDiss.pdf @No $ @ @ Bastanfar A. and Hashemi T., Vocabulary Learning Strategies and ELT Materials: A Study of the Extent to Which VLS Research Informs Local Coursebooks in Iran, International Education Studies, 3(3), 158-166 (2010) @No $ @ @ Available online www.ccsenet.org/ies, (2010) @No $ @ @ 0.Lewis M., The lexical approach : The state of ELT and a way forward, Hove: Language Teaching Publications, (1993) @No $ @ @ Laufer B., What's in a word that makes it hard or easy: some intralexical factors that affect the learning of words. In N Schmitt and M McCarthy (Eds.), Vocabulary: description, acquisition and pedagogy (pp. 140-155), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1997) @No $ @ @ Nation P., Learning vocabulary in another language, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, (2001) @No $ @ @ Lessard-Clouston M., Strategies and Success in Technical Vocabulary Learning : Students’ Approaches in One Academic Context. Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 34(1), 31-63, (2008) @No $ @ @ Lotfi G., Learning vocabulary in EFL contexts through vocabulary learning strategies. Novitas-ROYAL, (2), (2007) @No $ @ @ Available on http://www.novitasroyal.org/Ghazal.html 15.Coxhead A., Essentials of Teaching Academic Vocabulary. Boston: Houghton Mifflin (2006) @No $ @ @ Nation P., Language education – vocabulary. In K Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics,Oxford: Elsevier, 6(2), (494-499) (2006) @No $ @ @ Mercer S., Vocabulary strategy work for advanced learners of English. English Teaching Forum, 43(2), 24-35 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hunt A. and Beglar D., Current research and practice in teaching vocabulary. In J C Richards and W A Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice (pp. 258-266), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2002) @No $ @ @ Schmitt N., Vocabulary learning strategies. In N Schmitt and M McCarthy (Eds.), Vocabulary: description, acquisition and pedagogy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (1997) @No $ @ @ Dóczi B., Comparing the vocabulary learning strategies of high school and university students: A pilot study, WoPaLP, , 138-158 (2011) @No $ @ @ Oxford R.L., Language learning strategies: what every teacher should know, Boston, MS: Heinle and Heinle Publishers, (1990) @No $ @ @ Taka V.P., Vocabulary learning strategies and second language acquisition. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters, (2008) @No $ @ @ Fan M.Y., An investigation into the problem of recoding technical vocabulary. 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The Hague: Mouton, (1957) @No $ @ @ Hymes D., On Communicative Competence. In J P Pride and J Holmes (Eds.) Sociolinguistics: Selected Readings. Harmondsworth, UK : Penguin, (1972) @No $ @ @ Rojas M., Exploring Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies for EFL Advanced Learners. Unpublished M.A. Thesis. Vermont: University of Brattleboro, (2008) @No $ @ @ Sokmen A., Current trends in teaching second language vocabulary. In N Schmitt and M McCarthy (eds.), Vocabulary: Description, acquisition and pedagogy. (pp.237-257). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (1997) @No $ @ @ Erten I.H. and Williams M.A., Comparative Look into How to Measure the Effectiveness of Vocabulary Learning Strategies: Through Using Percentages or Correlation Coefficient, Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 4(2), 56-72 (2008) @No $ @ @ Wei M., An Examination of Vocabulary Learning of College-level Learners of English in China. Asian EFL Journal, (2), article 5 (2007) @No $ @ @ Available online http://www.asian-efl journal.com/ June_2007_EBook_editions.pdf 36.Fan M.Y., Frequency of use, perceived usefulness, and actual usefulness of second language vocabulary strategies: A study of Hong Kong learners, The Modern Language Journal, 87(2), 222-241 (2003) @No $ @ @ Cohen A.D. and Aphek E., Easifying second language learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 3(2), 221-36 (1981) @No $ @ @ Erten I.H., Vocabulary learning strategies: An investigation into the effect of perceptual learning styles and modality of word presentation on the use of vocabulary learning strategies. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Exeter, School of Education, UK, (1988) @No $ @ @ Li X., An Analysis of Chinese EFL learners' Beliefs about the Role of Rote Learning in Vocabulary Learning Strategies. Asian EFL Journal, (4), (2005) @No $ @ @ Available online www.Asian%20EFL%20Journal%20%20English%20Language%20Teaching%20and%20Research%20Articles.htm 40.Ahmed M.O., Vocabulary learning strategies. In P Meara (Ed.), Beyond Words, London: CILT, (3-14), (1989) @No $ @ @ Chiang H., The relationship between field sensitivity/field independence and the use of vocabulary learning strategies of EFL university students in Taiwan (Doctoral dissertation, Texas AandM University, 2004) @No $ @ @ Retrieved from ProQuest database (AAT3143596), (2004) @No $ @ @ Coxhead A., Essentials of Teaching Academic Vocabulary. Boston: Houghton Mifflin (2006) @No $ @ @ Fraser S., The lexical characteristics of specialized texts. In K Bradford- Watts, C Ikeguchi and M Swanson (Eds.), JALT2004 Conference Proceedings. Tokyo: JALT, (318-327) (2005) @No $ @ @ Scarcella R. and Zimmerman C., Academic words and gender: ESL student performance on a test of academic lexicon. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 27-49 (1998) @No $ @ @ Javid C.Z., English for Specific Purposes: Its Definition, Characteristics, Scope and Purpose, 112(1), 138-151 (2013) @No $ @ @ Javid C.Z., Al-thubaiti T.S. and Uthman A., Effects of English Language Proficiency on the Choice of Language Learning Strategies by Saudi English-major Undergraduates, English Language Teaching, (1), 35-47.doi:10.5539/elt.v6n1p35 URL: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5539/ elt.v6n1p35, (2013) @No $ @ @ Casanave C.P., Cultural diversity and socialization: A case study of a Hispanic woman in a doctoral program in sociology. In D Murray (Ed.), Diversity as Resource: Redefining Cultural Literacy (pp. 148-180), Alexandria: VA: TESOL, (1992) @No $ @ @ Aljdee A., The relationship between vocabulary strategies and vocabulary knowledge. In M Osman (ed.), Special Issues for the Nile TESOL Skills Conference Proceedings. AUC TESOL Journal: The American University in Cairo, (2-33) (2011) @No $ @ @ oady J., L2 vocabulary acquisition: A synthesis of the research. In J Coady and T Huckin (Eds.), Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (273-290), (1997) @No $ @ @ Mokhtar A.A. Rawian R.M., Yahaya M.F. and Abdullah A., Vocabulary Learning Strategies of Adult ESL Learners, The English Teacher, XXXVIII, 133-145 (2009) @No $ @ @ Riankamol N., A survey study of vocabulary learning strategies of gifted English students at Triam Udomsuksa School in the first semester of academic year 2008. Unpublished dissertation submitted to Teaching English as Foreign Language Institute, Thammasat University Bangkok, Thailand, (2008) @No $ @ @ Javid C.Z., Saudi medical undergraduates' perceptions of their preferred learning styles and evaluation techniques. Arab World English Journal, Available online http://www.awej.org /awejfiles/_77_6_8.pdf, 2(2), 40-70 (2011) @No $ @ @ Javid C.Z., Farooq, U. and Gulzar M.A., Saudi English-major undergraduates and English Teachers' perceptions regarding effective ELT in the KSA : A Comparative Study. European Journal of Scientific Research, http://www.europeanjournalofscientificresearch.com/ ISSUES/ EJSR_85_1.htm, 85(1), 55-70. (2012) @No $ @ @ Gairns R. and Redman S., Working with words. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, (1986) @No $ @ @ McCarthy M.J., Vocabulary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, (1990) @No $ @ @ independence. In G Lewis (Ed.), Teaching collocation. Hove, England: Language Teaching Publications, (28-46) @No $ @ @ , (2000) @No $ @ @ Mastropieri M.A. and Scruggs T.E., Constructing more meaningful relationships: Mnemonic instructions for special populations, Educational Psychological Review, , 88-111 (1989) @No $ @ @ Bulgren J.A., Schumaker J.B. and Deshler D.D., The effects of a recall enhancement routine on the test performance of secondary students with and without learning disabilities, Learning Disabilities Research Practice, , 2-11, (1994) @No <#LINE#>Study of Effective Factors on the Type of the Actors' Encounter while Planning to Sue: Case study of Tehran Milad Hospital Complaints Unit<#LINE#>Atefeh@Aghaie,Kazem@Hajizadeh<#LINE#>42-47<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJRS-2013-967.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Sociology, Allaneh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, IRAN @ Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>29/11/2013<#LINE#>25/1/2014<#LINE#> Complaints are now considered as an essential part of the health care system to improve health standards. Client satisfaction is evaluated in the world's most prestigious centers. Our aim in this research is to observe the type of encounter of costumers to Milad Hospital complaints unit and to study its relation to age, sex, and social class, awareness of patient's right charter and cause of visit variables. This is considered as a quantitative, applied and transverse study. The research method and data collection techniques of observation are systematic and structured. Statistical population is the whole clients to complaint unit of Milad Hospital. 400 persons were observed out of random sampling in 2012. The research results indicate that there is a significant relation between type of encounter and all independent variables. Logistic Regression shows that social class, awareness of patient's rights, and cause of visit can explain 0.69 variation of dependent variable. In addition, social class is the most powerful predictor in this research. The results can be carefully generalized to large populations. <#LINE#> @ @ Mousavi A. and Mousavi J., Causes of Patient Dissatisfaction of Public Hospitals in Mazandaran Province, Sci., J. Forensic Pathology, 16(2), 127-13(2010) @No $ @ @ Mirza Aghaei F., Moeinfar Z., Eftekhari S., Rashidian A. and Sedaghat M., Study of Formal Complaints in Three Hospitals and Exploring the Causes, journal of Hospital, 10(1), 19-28 (2011) @No $ @ @ Serban C., Iconaru C., Macovei O.I. and Perju A., Modeling Romanian Consumers' Behaviour Case Study: Cause-related Marketing Campaigns, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(10), 27-32 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nasiripour A.A., Msoudi-asl I. and Hesami F., the Relationship between Nurses' Organizational Participation and Patient Safety Culture in Jahrom Motahari Hospital Iran, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(8), 73-76 (2012) @No $ @ @ Yang M., Ewing G. and Booth S., What Is the Role of Specialist Palliative Care in an Acute Hospital Setting? A Qualitative Study Exploring Views of Patients and Carer, Pahhiative Medicine, 26(8), 1011-1017 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pennbrant S. Anderson E. and Nilsson K., Elderly Patients' Experiences of Meeting with the Doctor: A Sociocultural Study in a Hospital Setting in Sweden, Research on Aging, 35(2), 163-181 (2013) @No $ @ @ Blumer H., Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method, University of California Press, (1986) @No $ @ @ Gregg B., Leighton P. and Flavin J., Class, Race, Gender, and Crime: the Social Realities of Justice in America, Rowman and Little field Publication, Inc, (2010) @No $ @ @ Giddens A., Sociology, Polity Press(2009) @No $ @ @ Weber M., From Max Weber : Essays in Sociology, Gerth H., and Wright Mills C., (Ed), Routledge(2013) @No $ @ @ Goffman E., Behavior in Public Places, Simon and Schuster Publication (2008) @No $ @ @ Goffman E., Frame analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Harper and Row Publication, (1974) @No $ @ @ Mulkay M., Science and the Sociology of Knowledge. Hossein Kachoyan (Translator), Tehran: Nashr-e NeyPublication,(2005) @No $ @ @ Coser A., Masters of Sociological Thought: Ideas in Historical and Social Context, Waveland Press,(2003) @No $ @ @ Hamilton P., Knowledge and Social Structure. Hassan Shams Avari (translator), Tehran: Nashr-e Markaz, (2001) @No $ @ @ Bourdieu P., the Forms of Capital , Handbook for Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, J.G. Richardson (Ed.), Greenword Press, 241-258 (1986) @No $ @ @ Miller Delbert C., and Salkind N. J., Handbook of Research Design and Social Measurement,SAGE Publications, Inc.,(2002) @No $ @ @ Baker L., Doing Social Research, McGraw-Hill Higher Education(1999) @No $ @ @ Mousavi Tatif A., Training Model for Business Performance Improvement: the Case of Iran, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(7), 45-51 (2012) @No $ @ @ Akhtar Shoaib Ch., Naseer Z., Haider M. and Rafiq S., Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Organizations, Res. J. Recent Sci.,2(5), 15-20 (2013) @No $ @ @ Farzaneh S., Mirzaei H., Khalili M. and Budaghi H., Model for Identifying Effective Factors in Banking, Res. J. Recent Sci.,2(4), 46-55 (2013) @No <#LINE#>Role of Software Architect: A Pakistani Software Industry Perspective<#LINE#>Arif@ShahMuhammad,IftikharAhmed@Khan,Muhammad@Shafi<#LINE#>48-52<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJRS-2013-1017.pdf<#LINE#> University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan Campus, UET Peshawar, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>4/12/2013<#LINE#>31/1/2014<#LINE#> There is a lack of research on effect of cultural and social issues on the role of software architect despite various evidences of their impact on software development. This study analyzed software architects and other software engineering professionals to assess their role in the social and cultural context of Pakistani software industry. The results suggest that majority of professionals perform various task not in their designated responsibilities. In turn this affects their performance. In addition time allocation for architecture development seem not to be affected with the use of architecture development tools which is opposite of developed countries. An alignment was found with the literature in the context that designated architect allocated more time for architecture development as compared to other professionals involved in architecture development. Similarly the perceptions of all those involved in architecture development seem not to affect time allocation of architecture development. Overall, the lack of designated architects in software projects led to under standard software projects a trend which needs to be changed.<#LINE#> @ @ Ian Summerville, Software Engineering, (2011) @No $ @ @ Bass L., Clements P. and Kazman R., Software Architecture in Practice, SEI Series in Software Engineering. Addison-Wesley, (1998) @No $ @ @ Garlan David and Dewayne E. Perry, Introduction to the special issue on software architecture, IEEE Trans. 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Complexity, 8(9), 10 (2011) @No $ @ @ Pietrantuono Roberto, Stefano Russo and Kishor S, Trivedi, Software reliability and testing time allocation : An architecture-based approach, Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, 36(3), 323-337 (2010) @No $ @ @ Waqas Haider et al., DOORS : A Novel Social Intelligent and Philanthropical Social Network, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(5),74-77, (2013) @No $ @ @ Sheetlani Jitendra and Gupta V.K., Concurrency Issues of Distributed Advance Transaction Process, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(ISC-2011) , 426-429 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shafiq F., and Ahsan K., Knowledge Management for Disaster Scenario : An Exploratory Study, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(10), 61-66, (2013) @No $ @ @ Satish B. and Sunil P., Study and Evaluation of user’s behavior in e-commerce Using Data Mining, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(ISC-2011) , 375-387 (2012) @No <#LINE#>Identification and Analysis of Problems in Trade Relations between Iran and Afghanistan<#LINE#>Asadian@Gholamreza,Hossein@Motefakker<#LINE#>53-59<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJRS-2013-1064.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Business Management, Payame Noor University, IRAN <#LINE#>13/12/2013<#LINE#>7/2/2014<#LINE#> Current research aims at identification and analysis of problems in trade relations between Iran and Afghanistan. To this end, 215 custom traders and staffs who were active in Iran- Afghanistan path were selected as sample. Questionnaire was used for research data collection. Questionnaire included 30 indices within 5 dimensions as follows: lack of change in business and destabilized existing laws and regulations, lack of preparedness in infrastructure and administrative institutions particularly in Afghanistan, lack of rail and sea lines between the two countries, lack of updated and equipped facilities and warehouses at the entry of two countries, lack of security in Afghanistan, lack of quick and inexpensive transportation in Iran and Afghanistan. T-student and MANOVA statistical tests were used for data analysis. Results indicated all 6 studied dimensions influenced trade relations between Iran and Afghanistan. <#LINE#> @ @ O'Brien K.L. and Leichenko R.M., Double exposure: assessing the impacts of climate change within the context of economic globalization, Global environmental change, 10(3), 221-232 (2000) @No $ @ @ Molla A. and Licker P.S., Perceived e-readiness factors in e-commerce adoption : An empirical investigation in a developing country, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 10(1), 83-110 (2005) @No $ @ @ Mahroum S., Highly skilled globetrotters : Mapping the international migration of human capital, RandD Management, 30(1), 23-32 (2000) @No $ @ @ Stokey N.L., The volume and composition of trade between rich and poor countries, The Review of Economic Studies, 58(1), 63-80 (1991) @No $ @ @ Baldone S., Sdogati F. and Tajoli L., Patterns and determinants of international fragmentation of production: evidence from outward processing trade between the EU and Central Eastern European countries, Weltwirts chaftliches Archiv, 137(1), 80-104 (2001) @No $ @ @ Saner R. and Yiu L., International economic diplomacy: Mutations in post-modern times, Netherlands Institute of International Relations' Clingendael', (2003) @No $ @ @ Cerny P.G., The dynamics of financial globalization : Technology, market structure, and policy response, Policy Sciences, 27(4), 319-342 (1994) @No <#LINE#>Efficacy of Zirconium(Iv) Tellurotungstate Encapsulated in The Matrix of Polyaniline for Heavy Metal Ion Separation<#LINE#>Nimisha@KV,Aparna@Mohan,C@Janardanan<#LINE#>60-66<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJRS-2013-1105.pdf<#LINE#>Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, SreeNarayana College, Kannur, Kerala-670 007, INDIA<#LINE#>21/12/2013<#LINE#>5/2/2014<#LINE#> A new heteropolyacid salt based composite cation exchanger, Zirconium(IV)tellurotungstate (ZrTeW), has been synthesized by co-precipitation method and it is incorporated into the matrix of polyaniline by simple method. The material was found to be granular and can be conveniently used in column operations. The material was characterized by various analytical techniques. The material showed higher ion exchange capacity (1.48 meq/g) than its inorganic counterpart (1.1meq/g). Effects of temperature and ionic radii on ion exchange capacity, chemical stability in various solvents, pH titration studies were also carried to understand the ion exchange capabilities. The distribution co-efficient studies of metal ions in various electrolytes on exchanger revealed that the material is highly selective for Bi3+ and Th4+, which are toxic environmental pollutants. The selectivity of various metal ion was found to be in the order Bi3+ � Th4+ � Pb2+ � Zn2+ � Mn2+ � Ca2+ � Al3+ � Hg2+ � Co2+ � Ni2+ � Cd2+ � Mg2+ � Cu2+. The analytical application has been explored by achieving some binary separation of heavy metal ions such as Bi3+-Cu2+, Th4+-Cu2+, etc. Practical application of the material was tested by using various industrial wastewaters and was found to be used successfully in the separation of toxic/heavy metal ions. <#LINE#> @ @ Matlock M.M., Howerton B.S. and Atwood D.A., Gold ore column studies with a new mercury precipitant, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41, 1579–1582 (2002) @No $ @ @ Moon C.J. and Lee J.H., Use of curdlan and activated carbon composed adsorbents for heavy metal removal,Process Biochem., 40, 1279–1283 (2005) @No $ @ @ Paaez-Hernaandez M.E., Aguilar-Argteaga K., Galaan-Vidal C.A. and Palomar-Pardavea M., Mercury ions removal from aqueous solution using an activated composite membrane,Environ. Sci.Technol., 39, 7667–7670 (2005) @No $ @ @ Meunier N., Drogui P., Gourvenec C., Mercier G., Hausler R. and Blais J.F., Removal of metals in leachate from sewage sludge using electrochemical technology, Environ. Technol., 25235-245 (2004) @No $ @ @ Dabrowski A., Hubicki Z., Podkoscielny P. and Robens E., Selective removal of the heavy metal ions from waters and industrial wastewaters by ion-exchange method, Chemosphere, 5691–106 (2004) @No $ @ @ Woodberry P., Stevens G. and Snap I., Removal of metal contaminants by ionexchange resin columns, Thala Valley Tip, Casey Station, Antarctica, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch., 24, 603-620 (2006) @No $ @ @ Perez-Collado J.M., Molero C. and Larrondo E., Removal of cesium catalyst from polyols by ion exchange on Amberlite 252, React. Funct. Polym., 64139–150 (2005) @No $ @ @ Nabi S.A., Shahadat Mohammad., Bushra R., Shalla A.H. and Ahmed F., Development of composite ion-exchange adsorbents for pollutant removal from environmental wastes, Chem. Eng. J., 165, 405-412 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nabi S. A., Shalla A.H., Khan A.M. and Ganie S.A., Synthesis, characterization and analytical applications of titanium(IV) molybdosilicate:A cation ion-exchanger, Colloids Surf. B.,302, 241-250 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nilchi A., Maalek B., Khanchi A., Maragheh M.G., and Bagheri A., Cerium (IV) molybdate cation exchanger: Synthesis, properties and ion separation capabilities, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 75, 301-308 (2006) @No $ @ @ Singh P., Rawat J.P. and Rahman N., Synthesis and characterization of zirconium(IV) iodovanadate and its use as electron exchanger, Talanta,59, 443-452 (2003) @No $ @ @ Roy K., Pal D.K., Basu S., Nayak D. and Lahiri S., Synthesis of a new ion exchanger zirconium vanadate, and its application to the separation of barium and cesium radio nuclides at tracer levels, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 57, 471-474 (2002) @No $ @ @ Varshney K.G., Gupta A. and Singhal K.C., Synthetic, analytical and kinetic studies on a crystalline and thermally stable phase of antimony(V)arsenosilicate cation exchanger, Colloids Surf. A.,82, 37, (1994) @No $ @ @ Varshney K.G. and Maheshwari S.M., Synthesis, characterization and ion exchange behavior of antimony(V) phosphate: Selective adsorption of cadmium and mercury on its column, Ecotoxicol. Environ.Safety, 18, 1-10 (1989) @No $ @ @ Vogel A.I., A text book of quantitative inorganic analysis, Longman Group Limited, London, (1975) @No $ @ @ Topp N.E. and Pepper K.W., Properties of ion-exchange resins in relation to their structure. Part I. Titration curves, J. Chem. Soc., 690, 3299-3303 (1949) @No $ @ @ Helfrich H., Ionites, Foreign Literature, Moscow, (1962) @No $ @ @ Grissbach R., Theory and Practice of the Ion Exchange, Foreign Literature, Moscow, (1963) @No $ @ @ Gregor H.P., Hamilton M.J. and Becher J., Studies on ion exchange resins. XIV. Titration, capacity and swelling of Methaerylic acid resins, J. Phys. Chem., 59, 874-881 (1955) @No $ @ @ Preetha B and Janardanan C., UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopic studies on Mn and Cu ion exchange of newly synthezised cerium zirconium antimonite and its application in dye degradation, Res.J.Recent.Sci., 1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 85-92 (2012) @No $ @ @ 1.Qureshi M., Kumar R. and Kaushik R.C., Synthesis and ion-exchange properties of reproducible Stannic molybdoarsenate. Separations of Ba2+ La3+, Mg2+ La3+, Sr2+ Y3+, and Sr2+ La3+, Sep. Sci. Technol.13, 185-192 (1978) @No $ @ @ Zafar Alam et al., Synthesis and characterization of a thermally stable strongly acidic Cd(II) ion selective composite cation-exchanger: Polyaniline Ce(IV) molybdate., Desalination., 250, 515-522 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rao C.N.R., Chemical Application of Infrared Spectroscopy., 353 Academy Press, New York, (1963) @No $ @ @ Khan A.A and Inamuddin., Preparation, physico-chemical characterization, analytical applications and electrical conductivity measurement studies of an ‘organic-inorganic’ composite cation-exchanger: Polyaniline Sn(IV) phosphate, React. Funct. Polym., 661649–1663 (2006) @No $ @ @ Tang J., Jing X., Wang B. and Wang F., Infrared spectra of soluble polyaniline, Synth. Met., 24231–238 (1988) @No @Research Article <#LINE#>The Relationship between Corporate Governance, Capital Structure and Systematic Risk in those Firms Listed at Tehran’s Stock Exchange<#LINE#>Noorafshan@Mojtaba,Ahmad@KhoddamiPoor,Sadeghi@Zeinolabedin<#LINE#>67-74<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJRS-2013-729.pdf<#LINE#> Islamic Azad University, Science and Research branch, IRAN@ Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, IRAN<#LINE#>8/10/2013<#LINE#>7/1/2014<#LINE#> The goal of this study is to analyze the relation between corporate governance versus capital structure and systematic risk in the companies, which are accepted in Tehran Stock Exchangeby April 2011. To do so, the data of 81 firms was collected and the findings from the testing the hypotheses showed that 13 hypotheses(meaningful relation between institutional ownership and the costs of companies' accumulated yield – institutional ownership and debt costs – managerial ownership and costs of ordinary shares - managerial ownership and costs of accumulated yield - managerial ownership and costs of debts - family ownership and costs of ordinary shares - family ownership and costs of debts – percentage of unsalaried members of directing board and costs of debts – sameness of board of directors' chief and managing director and costs of accumulated yield) out of 18 hypotheses rejected and 5 hypotheses were confirmed (ownership concentration and costs of accumulated yield - percentage of unsalaried members of directing board and costs of accumulated yield - percentage of unsalaried members of directing board and costs of ordinary shared - percentage of unsalaried members of directing board and costs of debts - sameness of board of directors' chief and managing director and costs of ordinary shared - sameness of board of directors' chief and managing director and costs of accumulated yield. Also 4 hypotheses out of 6 regarding the main hypothesis are rejected (institutional ownership and systematic risk – managerial ownership and systematic risk - percentage of unsalaried members of directing board and systematic risk - sameness of board of directors' chief and managing director and systematic risk) and 2 hypotheses were confirmed (family ownership and systematic risk – ownership concentration and systematic risk). <#LINE#> @ @ Hasasyeganeh Y and Baghoomian R, corporate governance and financial reporting quality, CPA Journal, 21(1), 45-86 (2005) @No $ @ @ (in Persian) 2.Lindelöf P. Aaboen L., von Koch C and Löfsten H., corporate governance and performance of small high-tech firms in Sweden. Technovation – An international journal of technical innovation and entrepreneurship, 26(8), 955–968 (2005) @No $ @ @ Nikbakht M.R, Peykani M, The relationship between capital structure and accounting measures of performance appraisal firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, Financial Research, 11(28), 89-104 (2009) , (in Persian). @No $ @ @ Nasirpoor M, The effect of firm size on the cost of capital of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, Master's thesis Shahidbeheshti university, (1999) @No $ @ @ 5.Setayesh MH, Jamalianpoor M, Studying the Presence of conservatism in financial reporting of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, Journal of Accounting Advances, 2(1), 85-120 (2010) @No $ @ @ Namazi M., Zare B., The application of information theory to determine the systematic risk : A Case Study of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, Accounting And Auditing Review, 11(35), 79-100 (2004) @No $ @ @ Quiry P, Dallocchio M, Le Fur Y. and Salvi A., Corporate Finance, John Wiley and Sons, (2005) @No $ @ @ Haugen RA., Modern Investment Theory, 3d edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, (1993) @No $ @ @ Antoniou Antonio’s. Gunny and Paudyal., Determinants of Corporate Capital Structure: Evidence from European Countries, social science research network, from: www.ssm.com\abstract=285001, (2002) @No $ @ @ Dimitris Margaritis and Maria Psillaki, Capital structure, equity ownership and firm performance, Journal of Banking and Finance, 34(3), 621–632 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharpe W., Capital asset prices : A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk, Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425–442 (1964) @No $ @ @ Fama F., Eugene and French, Kenneth R, Size and Book-to-Market Factors in Earnings and Returns, Journal of Finance, 50(1), 131–155 (1995) @No $ @ @ Imam Mahmood Osman and Malik Mahfuja,.Firm Performance and Corporate Governance through Ownership Structure : Evidence from Bangladesh Stock Market, International Review of Business Research Papers 3(4), 88-110 (2007) @No $ @ @ Al-Najjar, Basil, Corporate governance and institutional ownership : Evidence from Jordan, Corporate Governance, 10(2), 176–190 (2009) @No $ @ @ Jiraporn Pornsit, Jang-Chul Kim, Young Sang Kim and Pattanaporn Kitsabunnarat, Capital structure and corporate governance quality : Evidence from the Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS), International Review of Economics and Finance, 22(1), 208-221 (2012) @No <#LINE#>Solving Integral equations on Semi-Infinite Intervals via Rational third kind Chebyshev functions<#LINE#>A@KarimiDizicheh,Davari@A,M@TavassoliKajani<#LINE#>75-77<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJRS-2013-441.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Mathematics, Mobarakeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mobarakeh, IRAN @ Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IRAN @ Department of Mathematics, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IRAN <#LINE#>12/7/2013<#LINE#>4/1/2014<#LINE#> In this paper, we employ the rational third kind Chebyshev functions on the interval [0,¥, to solve the linear integral equations of the second kind over infinite intervals. The properties of the rational third kind Chebyshev functions together with the Galerkin method are applied to reduce the integral equation to a system of linear algebraic equations. Using two numerical examples, we show that our estimates have a good degree of accuracy. <#LINE#> @ @ Maleknejad K. and Yousefi M., Numerical solution of the integral equation of the second kind by using wavelet bases of Hermite cubic splines, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 183(1) 134-141 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mahmoudi Y., Wavelet Galerkin method for numerical solution of nonlinear integral equation, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 167(2) 1119-1129 (2005) @No $ @ @ Maleknejad K., Tavassoli Kajani M. and Mahmoudi Y., Numerical solution of linear Fredholm and volterra integral equation of the second kind by using Legendre wavelets, Kybernetes 32(9/10) 1530-1539 (2003) @No $ @ @ Gu C. and Shen J., Function-valued Padé-type approximant via the formal orthogonal polynomials and its applications in solving integral equations, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 221(1) 114-131 (2008) @No $ @ @ Abdou M.A., Integral equation of mixed type and integrals of orthogonal polynomials, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 138(2) 273-285 (2002) @No $ @ @ Asady B., Tavassoli Kajani M., Hadi Vencheh A. and Heydari A., Solving second kind integral equations with hybrid Fourier and block–pulse functions, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 160(2) 517-522 (2005) @No $ @ @ Tavassoli Kajani M. and Hadi Vencheh A., Solving second kind integral equations with Hybrid Chebyshev and Block-Pulse functions, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 163(1) 71-77 (2005) @No $ @ @ Vahdati S., Tavassoli Kajani M. and Ghasemi M., Application of Homotopy Analysis Method to SIR Epidemic Model, Reseaech Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(1) 91-96 (2013) @No $ @ @ Muhammad Altaf Khan, et al, Application of Homotopy Perturbation Method to Vector Host Epidemic Model with Non-Linear Incidences, Reseaech Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(6) 90-95 (2013) @No $ @ @ Abramowitz M. and Stegun I.A., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, 10th printing with corrections, Dover, New York, 1972. @No $ @ @ Tavassoli Kajani M. and Ghasemi Tabatabaei F., Rational Chebyshev approximations for solving Lane-Emde equation of index m, in : Proceeding of the International Conference on Computational and Applied Mathematics, Bangkok, Thailand March 29-31, 840-844 (2011) @No $ @ @ Dadkhah Tirani M., Ghasemi Tabatabaei F. and Tavassoli Kajani M., Rational second (third) kind Chebyshev approximations for solving Volterra’s population model, in : Proceeding of the International Conference on Computational and Applied Mathematics, Bangkok, Thailand March, 29-31, 835-839 (2011) @No <#LINE#>Developing Neo-Vernacular Building Technologies to Integrate Natural and Built Environments: A Model Tourist Village in Qeshm Island<#LINE#>JavidGhanbari@Chahanjiri,Mahmood@Golabchi,Mohammad@RezaBemanian,Pourm@Hasanali<#LINE#>78-86<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJRS-2013-966.pdf<#LINE#> Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IRAN@Architecture and Building Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN<#LINE#>17/12/2013<#LINE#>31/1/2014<#LINE#> Human beings have, throughout history, made different but evolutionary relations with the earth on the basis of their ideology and way of thinking and are now entering the fourth cultural era in which ecology and the Earth, as the source of life, are in the center of attention. During these evolutionary stages, the way of considering technology, has processed the natural environment to create built environment and this process has led to the formation of many new revolutions in construction technology in the last hundred years. These new technologies, mainly steel and concrete ones, have defectively entered the rural areas in developing countries and changed the environmental quality of the built environment. This research, which roots in the eco-centric paradigm, firstlycovers a brief review on the necessity of conserving natural environment and then investigates the relation of man, nature and the built environment and the schools of architecture in relation to nature; Following the initial introduction, modern building technologies are analytically compared with those of vernacular and the concept of neo-vernacular architecture is introduced. Eventually, on the basis of this knowledge and investigating the geographical, natural and architectural features of Qeshm Island, a tourist village has been designed in which proper neo-vernacular nature-friendly construction technologies are proposed. The tourist role of the complex contributes to the spread of the idea within the region, the country and the similar developing countries. <#LINE#> @ @ Van der Ryn, Sim, Alternative Construction: Contemporary Natural Building Methods (Foreword), Edited By: Elizabeth, Lynne and Adams, Cassandra, Published By John Wiley and Sons Inc.g, (2005) @No $ @ @ Williamson T., Radford A. and Bennetts H., Understanding Sustainable Architecture, London, England, 27-29, (2003) @No $ @ @ Des Jardins and Josph R., Environmental Ethics (An Introduction to Environmental Philosophy), Wadsworth Pubishing Company, Second edition, (1997) @No $ @ @ Shakuie Hossein, New Trends in Philosophy of Geography, Gitashenasi Publications, Tehran, 1(9)(2007) @No $ @ @ Vellinga M., Oliver P. and Bridge A., Atlas of Vernacular Architecture of the World, Routledge Publishing Company, (2007) @No $ @ @ Leopold Aldo, A Sand County Almanac, Oxford University press, (1949) @No $ @ @ Radmand D., Islamic Thought In The Studies Of Sustainable Development Preserving The Environment, The first conference of “Islam And The Environment”, Tehran, Iran, 65-77, (1999) @No $ @ @ Mugerauer Robert, Interpreting Environments : Tradition, Deconstruction, Hermeneutics, Translated by M. Tabibian, Tehran University Press, (2001) @No $ @ @ Noghrehkar A.M., Doctrine of Islamic Art, Publication of Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, (2008) @No $ @ @ Shakuie Hossein, New Trends in Philosophy of Geography : Environmental Philosophies and Geographical Schools, Gitashenasi Publications, Tehran, 2(4), (2007) @No $ @ @ Mortada H., Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment, Routledge Curzon, New York, USA, (2003) @No $ @ @ Shirazi M. Reza, Post-Modern Theories in Architecture, Nei Publication, Tehran, Iran, (2007) @No $ @ @ Elizabeth Lynne and Adams, Cassandra; Alternative Construction: Contemporary Natural Building Methods; Published By John Wiley and Sons Inc, (2005) @No $ @ @ Cambridge International Dictionary of English, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, (1995) @No $ @ @ Coetzee Jan K. et al (eds.)., Development Theory, Policy and Practice Cape Town, Oxford University Press Southern Africa, (2001) @No $ @ @ Plessis Chrisna du (ed.)., Agenda 21 for Sustainable Construction in Developing Countries, Pretoria, (2002) @No $ @ @ Burnett J., City building-echo-labels and shades of green, Landscape and Urban Planning, 81-93, (2007) @No $ @ @ Hegard Cooper and Rennick, Natural Conditioning of Buildings, (Alternative Construction: Contemporary Natural Building Methods), Edited By: Elizabeth, Lynne and Adams, Cassandra, Published By John Wiley and Sons Inc.g., 37-71, (2005) @No $ @ @ Bemanian M. Reza, Ansari M. and Ghanbari Chahanjiri J., Beyond the Architecture of Earth and Water, IFIAD 2008 Conference, Sharjah University, 9-13, (2008) @No $ @ @ Oliver Paul, Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World, Cambridge University Press, (1997) @No $ @ @ Falamaki M.M., Architettura Popolare, Faza Publication, Tehran, Iran, 2, (2005) @No $ @ @ Alexander, Christopher, The Timeless Way of Building; Oxford University Press, (1979) @No $ @ @ Jalili, A. M., The Persian Gulf Ecological Museum and Research Center in Qeshm, M.A. thesis in Architecture, The Islamic Azad University of Central Tehran, Iran, (2003) @No $ @ @ Azarian, Maliheh, Designing Tourist Complex in Kish Island, M.A. thesis of architecture, Islamic Azad University, Mashad Branch, (2000) @No $ @ @ Easton, David, Rammed Earth, (Alternative Construction: Contemporary Natural Building Methods), Edited By: Elizabeth, Lynne and Adams, Cassandra, Published By John Wiley and Sons Inc, (2005) @No <#LINE#>Comparative Analysis of Simile in Theosophical Verses of Bustan and Theosophical Poems of Motanabbi<#LINE#>Khosravi@Majid,AhmadLamei@Giv,Mohammad@Behnamfar<#LINE#>87-91<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJRS-2013-994.pdf<#LINE#>2 Persian Language and Literature, Birjand University, Birjand, IRAN @ Dept. of Arabic Language and Literature, Birjand University, Birjand, IRAN <#LINE#>2/12/2013<#LINE#>6/2/2014<#LINE#> Simile is one of the greatest and most fundamental expressions which considerably fantasize poems. The present study descriptively-analytically and comparatively discussed and statistically analyzed simile in theosophical verses of Bustan and theosophical poems of Motanabbi in terms of sides of comparison, sensibility or intellectuality, singularity or collectiveness, point of comparison. Although Saadi and Motanabbi both used different types of simile, they are statistically different in terms of using simile. Totally, 311 figures of speech were extracted from theosophical verses of Bustan. Of this, 97 (31%) were simile. From theosophical poems of Motanabbi, 112 figures of speech were also extracted of which 43 (38%) were simile; this indicates that Motanabbi tended more to use simile. In addition, results show that Saadi used singular, eloquent, explicit and non-complex similes in most cases; while Motanabbi most used implicit, restricted or collective, complex and inexplicit similes. <#LINE#> @ @ Khazaeli M., Description of Bustan, 4th ed, Tehran: Javidan, (1983) @No $ @ @ Farrukh O., History of Arabic Literature, Beirut : Dar-Al-Elm LelMalaein, (1968) @No $ @ @ Fakhouri H., An Introduction in the History of Arabic Literature. Beirut : Dar-Al Jalil, (1986) @No $ @ @ Esfandiarpoor H., Comparative Analysis of Rhetorics in Arabic and Persian Literature, Studies on Comparative Literature, 3(10), 45-70 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mohseni A., Imageries in Motanabbi, s.l.: s.n, (2000) @No $ @ @ Asgari S., Theosophy between Motanabbi and Saadi (Comparative Study), 1st ed. Semnan : University of Semnan, (2008) @No $ @ @ Shafie kadkani M., Figures of Speech in Persian Poetry, 11th ed. Tehran: Agah.,(2007) @No $ @ @ Barahani R., Gold in Copper, Tehran: Zaryab.,(2001) @No $ @ @ Poornamdarian T., Journey in the Mist, Tehran : Negah, (2002) @No $ @ @ Fotoohi M., Rhetoric of Image. 1 ed. Tehran: Sokhan, (2007) @No $ @ @ Shamisa S., Expression and Meanings, 8 ed. Tehran: Ferdos, (2004) @No $ @ @ Tabibian S.H., Equivalents in Persian and Arabic Rhetoric Sciences, 1 ed. Tehran : Amir Kabir, (2009) @No $ @ @ Jorjani A., Secrets of Rhetoric, Tehran : Tehran University, (1991) @No $ @ @ Kazazi M. a.-d., Aesthetic Expression of Persian Words, 3 ed. Tehran : Markaz, (1993) @No $ @ @ Homaei J. A.-d., Rhetoric and Meanings, 1 ed. Tehran : Homa, (1991) @No $ @ @ Saadi M. a.-D. b. A., Bustan of Saadi (Saadi Nameh), 8th ed. Tehran: Kharazmi, (2005) @No <#LINE#>The Position and Problem of Public Policy in Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996<#LINE#>Saber@Habibisavadkouhi,Sadegh@Habibisavadkouhi<#LINE#>92-98<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJRS-2013-1047.pdf<#LINE#>Research scholars in International Trade Law, Department of law, University of Mysore, INDIA <#LINE#>9/12/2013<#LINE#>26/2/2014<#LINE#> The public policy as an inconsistent, unpredictable and dynamic political tool is against the enforcement of awards in judicial activity’s framework. The unambiguous and uncertainty of public policy, clearly run the big risk of impinging upon Indian arbitration as an effective method of dispute resolution. Due to this fact, Indian legislator should dispel many of doubts with regard to the scope of public policy and a transparent distinction should be made among all types of public policy. Probably, it would have been safer if the phrase “rules of morality” had not been in the Indian legal system, in order to avoid any controversy over its interpretation. The methods which are used in this study are descriptive and comparative research methods. The sources of this paper are based on the most recent commentary, research articles, books, international institutional and court decisions that were reported and referenced in selected international and regional journals. <#LINE#> @ @ Matthew Gearing, Allen and Overy LLP., The Public Policy Exception–Is the Unruly Horse Being Tamed in the Most Unlikely of Places?, Kluwer Arbitration Blog, (2011) @No $ @ @ Gupta Pankaj Kumar And Mittal Sunil, Commercial Arbitration in India, International Conference on Economics, Business and Management IPEDR, (2), 6 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sarma Krishna, Oinam Momota and Kaushik Angshuman, Development and Practice of Arbitration in India –Has it Evolved as an Effective Legal Institution', CDDRL Working papers database], Freeman SPOGLI Institute for International Studies Stanford University, (2009) @No $ @ @ Kachwaha Sumeet, The Arbitration Law of India a Critical Analysis, Asian International Arbitration Journal 1(2), 105-26 (2005) @No $ @ @ Wani S.K. Verma and Afzal M., Legal Research and Methodology, New Delhi : The Indian Law Institute, 405 (2010) @No $ @ @ Paranjape N.V., Law Relating to of Arbitration and Conciliation in Indiafourth ed.Allahabad : General Law Agency, , 3 (2011) @No $ @ @ Minehan Karen, The Public Policy Exception to the Enforcement of Foreign Judgments : Necessary or Nemesis?, Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review, 18, 795, 796 (19956) @No $ @ @ Burrough J. Richardson v. Mellish Bing, , 229-252 (1824) @No $ @ @ Kreindler Richard H., Transnational Litigation: A Basic Primer, Oceana Publications, 239 (1998) @No $ @ @ Hunter Martin and Guido Conde E Silva., Transnational Public Policy and its Application in Investment Arbitrations, The Journal of World Investment,4(3) , 367 (2003) @No $ @ @ Caffrey Bradford A., Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, North Ryde, N.S.W.: CCH Australia, 212 (1985) @No $ @ @ Caffrey Bradford A., Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, North Ryde, N.S.W.: CCH Australia, 213 (1985) @No $ @ @ Behr Volker, Enforcement of United States Money Judgments in Germany, Journal of Law and Commerce, (13), 211-223 (19934) @No $ @ @ Thomas Heinz, Putzo Hans, Zivilprozessordnung Kommentar, Auflage, 27, 537 (2005) @No $ @ @ Reuland Robert C., The Recognition of Judgments in the European Community : The TwentyFifth Anniversary of the Brussels Convention’, Michigan Journal of International Law, 14, 538 (19923) @No $ @ @ Tweeddale G., Enforcing Arbitration Awards Contrary to Public Policy in England, The International Construction Law Review, 17, 160 (2000) @No $ @ @ Tweeddale G., Enforcing Arbitration Awards Contrary to Public Policy in England, The International Construction Law Review, 17, 166 (2000) @No $ @ @ Hill Jonathan, The Law Relating to International Commercial Disputes, London: Lloyd’s of London Press Ltd, 541 (1994) @No $ @ @ David Glanstein, A Hail Mary Pass : Public Policy Review of Arbitration Awards, Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, 16, 297-334 (2001) @No $ @ @ Tweeddale G., Enforcing Arbitration Awards Contrary to Public Policy in England, The International Construction Law Review, 17, 159-60 (2000) @No $ @ @ Reed Lucy F., Experience of Practical Problems of Enforcement, in Albert Jan Van Den Berg (ed.), Improving the Efficiency of Arbitration Agreements and Awards : 40 Years of Application of the New York Convention, The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 566 (1999) @No $ @ @ Kenneth-Michael Curtin, Redefining public policy in International Arbitration of National Mandatory Laws, 64 Def. Couns. J, 271, 280 (1997) @No $ @ @ Kenneth-Michael Curtin, Redefining public policy in International Arbitration of National Mandatory Laws, 64 Def. Couns. J.,271, 280 (1997) @No $ @ @ Hunter Martin and Guido Conde E Silva, Transnational Public Policy and its Application in Investment Arbitrations." The Journal of World Investment,4(3), 367(2003) @No $ @ @ Kenneth-Michael Curtin, Redefining public policy in International Arbitration of National Mandatory Laws, 64 Def. Couns. J.,271, 281 (1997) @No $ @ @ Jay R. Server, The relaxation of inarbitrability and public policy checks in U.S. and foreign arbitration: Arbitration out of control? , 65 Tul. L. Rev, 1661, 1663 (1991) @No $ @ @ Julian D.M.Lew, Applicable Law In International Commercial Arbitration, Oceana,Dobbs Ferry, New York, 531 (1978) @No $ @ @ Ryabinin Andrey and Tibor Varady. "Procedural Public Policy in Regard to the Enforcement and Recognition of Foreign Arbitral Awards." PhD diss., Master thesis, Central European University., 6 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kenneth-Michael Curtin, Redefining public policy in International Arbitration of National Mandatory Laws, 64 Def. Couns. J.,271, 282 (1997) @No $ @ @ Hebei Import and Export Corp v Polytek Engineering Co Ltd, XXIVa Yearbook 652, (1999) @No $ @ @ Kenneth-Michael Curtin, op. cit., 282 (1997) @No $ @ @ Tripathi S.C., Law of Arbitration and Conciliation in India with Alternative Means of Settlement of Disputes Resolution, Allahabad : Central Law Publications,6, 1 (2012) @No <#LINE#>Static Analysis of Functionally Gradient Material Plate with various Functions<#LINE#>Manish@Bhandari, Kamlesh@Purohit,Manoj@Sharma<#LINE#>99-106<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJRS-2013-1048.pdf<#LINE#>Jai Naraine Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, INDIA @ Jodhpur Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, INDIA <#LINE#>9/12/2013<#LINE#>4/3/2014<#LINE#>Functionally gradient materials are one of the most widely used materials in various applications because of their adaptability to different situations by changing the material constituents as per the requirement. Nowadays it is very easy to tailor the properties to serve specific purposes in functionally gradient material. Most structural components used in the field of engineeringcan be classified as beams, plates, or shells for analysis purposes. In this paper static analysis of functionally gradient material plate is carried out by sigmoid law and verified with the published results. The plate is modeled in step wise variation of the properties in thickness direction. The convergence study of the results is optimized by changing the mesh size and layer size. Power law and exponential laware applied for the same material and set of conditions. Results havebeen presented comparing with each other and the published results. <#LINE#> @ @ Barbero E.J. and Reddy J.N., An accurate determination of stresses in thick laminates using a generalized plate theory, Int. J. for Numerical Methods in Engg.,29, 1-14,(1990) @No $ @ @ Bao G. and Wang L., Multiple Cracking In Functionally Graded Ceramic/Metal Coatings, Int. J. of Solids and Structures,32, 2853-2871 (1995) @No $ @ @ Suresh S. and Mortensen A., Functionally graded metals and metal-ceramic composites: Part 2, Thermomechanical behavior, Int. Materials Reviews,42, 85-116 (1997) @No $ @ @ Praveen G.N. and Reddy J.N., Nonlinear transient thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded ceramic-metal plates, Int. J. Solids Structure.,35, 4457- 4476(1997) @No $ @ @ Reddy J.N., Thermomechanical behavior of functionally graded materials, Final Report for AFOSR Grant F49620-95-1-0342, CML Report, 98-01, (1998) @No $ @ @ Reddy J.N., Analysis of functionally graded plates, Int. j. for numerical methods in engg.,47, 663-684, (2000) @No $ @ @ Reddy J.N. and Zhen-Qiang Cheng, Three-dimensional thermomechanical deformations of functionally graded rectangular plates, Eur. J. Mech. A/Solids,20, 841–855(2001) @No $ @ @ Jin Z.H. and Paulino G.H., Transient thermal stress analysis of an edge crack in a functionally graded material, Int. J. of Fracture,107, 73–98 (2001) @No $ @ @ Chung Y.L. and Chi S.H., The residual stress of functionally graded materials, J. of the Chinese Institute of Civil and Hydraulic Engg.,13, 1–9 (2001) @No $ @ @ Bhavani V. Sankar and Jerome T. Tzeng, Thermal stresses in functionally graded beams, AIAA J.,40, 1228-1232, (2002) @No $ @ @ Senthil S. Vel and Batra R.C., Three-dimensional analysis of transient thermalstresses in functionally graded plates, Int. J. of Solids and Structures,40, 7181–7196 (2003) @No $ @ @ Tahani1 M., Torabizadeh M.A. and Fereidoon A., Non-Linear Response of Functionally graded beams under transverse loads, 14th Annual (International) Techanical Engg. conference, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, (2006) @No $ @ @ Ki-Hoon Shin, FEA Based Design of Heterogeneous Objects, Int. Design Engg. Tech. Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, September 10-13, 1-9(2006) @No $ @ @ Shyang-Ho Chi and Yen-Ling Chung, Mechanical behavior of functionally graded material plates under transverse load—Part I : Analysis, Int. J. of Solids and Structures,43, 3657–3674 (2006) @No $ @ @ Shyang-Ho Chi and Yen-Ling Chung, Mechanical behavior of functionally graded material plates under transverse load—Part II : Numerical results, Int. J. of Solids and Structures,43, 3675–3691 (2006) @No $ @ @ Hui Wang and Qing-Hua Qin, Meshless approach for thermo-mechanical analysis of functionally graded materials, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, Engg. Analysis with Boundary Elements,32, 704–712, (2008) @No $ @ @ Rahimi GH. and Davoodinik AR., Thermal behavior analysis of the functionally graded Timoshenko’s beam, IUST International Journal of Engineering Science,19(5-1), 105-113 (2008) @No $ @ @ Fatemeh Farhatnia, Gholam-Ali Sharifi and Saeid Rasouli, Numerical and Analytical Approach of Thermo-Mechanical Stresses in FGM Beams, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, London, U.K, VolII, 1-3, (2009) @No $ @ @ Momennia S. and Akbarzadeh A.H., Analysis of functionally graded rectangular and circular plates using finite element method, 16th International Conference on Composite Structures, ICCS 16, Porto, (2011) @No $ @ @ Singha M.K., Prakash T. and Ganapathi M., Finite element analysis of functionally graded plates under transverse load, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 47, 453–460, (2011) @No $ @ @ Mohammad Talha and Singh BN, Thermo-mechanical deformation behavior of functionally graded rectangular plates subjected to various boundary conditions and loadings, Int. J. of Aerospace and Mechanical Engg.,6(1), 14-25 (2012) @No $ @ @ Srinivas G and Shiva Prasad U, Simulation of Traditional Composites under Thermal Loads, Research J. of Recent Sciences,2, 273-278, (2013) @No <#LINE#>Simulation of Office Automation Communications on WAN Networks to Maintain Unfailing Communication<#LINE#>ShokouhiRazi@Parham,AfsharKazemi@M.A.,Arooni@Hoda<#LINE#>107-116<#LINE#>16.ISCA-RJRS-2013-1124.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Management Information Technology Electronic Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>26/12/2013<#LINE#>21/3/2014<#LINE#> The emergence of WAN communication technologies can be considered a revolution for business institutions. These networks eliminate distances and allow for convergent implementation of many geographically distant tasks. National Iranian Copper Industries Co. intends to set up business relations internally and with counselors and contractors using similar networks (WAN), and benefit from them in national projects. In deployment, a problem that negatively influences efficiency of the system is its inability to maintain unfailing communication. The maximum efficiency is achieved if WAN systems provide maximum accessibility and eliminate disconnection and slowing down.In this essay, investigating existing infrastructures in Iran, the choice as to the way of implementing this wan system is studied and then a lab simulation is conducted using Opnet software to test this connection. In different stages of the research, an attempt has been made to retain logical relation between deployment costs and system efficiency so that to be used as a practical solution. The problems concerning internal system and office automation in National Iranian Copper Industries Co. were investigated to practically demonstrate maximum efficiency in this WAN system. <#LINE#> @ @ Barry Sheffield, Office automation in practice, Data Processing, 27(2), 18-20 (1985) @No $ @ @ Susan L., Baldwin Gilles, Rouleau P., Office automation: From barriers to gateways, Telecommunications Policy, 5(4), 323-325 (1981) @No $ @ @ Kelly C. Bourne, The Network. Application Administrators Handbook, 321-328, (2014) @No $ @ @ Judy Wynekoop, Local Area Networks, Encyclopedia of Information Systems, 91-102, (2003) @No $ @ @ Stewart Robinson, Simulation : The Practice of Model Development and Use, (2005) @No $ @ @ Weiyi Zhao, Jiang Xie, computer networks, OPNET- based modeling and simulation study on handoffs in Internet-based infrastructure wireless mesh networks, 55(12), 2675–2688 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sajadfarhangi, Saeed Golmohammadi, A Comparative Study of IS-IS and IGRP Protocols for real time Application Based on OPNET, Advances in electrical Engineering System,1(1),(2012) @No $ @ @ Kuldeep Vats, Monika Sachdeva, Krishan Saluja and A mit Rathee, Simulation and Performance Analysis of OLSR Routing Protocol Using OPNET, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering,2(2), 2277-128X (2012) @No $ @ @ Mohd Nazri Ismail and Abdullah MohdZ, in Network traffic and utilization : Reliability of network analyzer development with independent data, OPNET simulation tool and real network, (2010) @No $ @ @ AqunZhao,Yingjing He, Mangui Liang, A Bandwidth Management strategy for DVB-RCS System, (2010) @No $ @ @ LioGuo, Yuhuai Peng, Xing weiwang, Dingde Jiang andYinpeng Yu: Performance evaluation for on-demand roputing protocol based on OPNET modules in wireless mesh networks, (2011) @No $ @ @ Dong (Don) Xu, Ospf., EIGRP and RIP performance analysis based on Opnet, Communication Networks, Springer,( 2011) @No $ @ @ Hasan M.S., Yu H., Carrington A. and Yang T.C., Co-simulation of wireless networked control systems over mobile ad hoc network using SIMULINK and OPNET. IET Commun.,3(8), 1297-1310, (2009) @No <#LINE#>Designing a Cutting-Edge Residential Building for Low-Income People in Iran<#LINE#>Abdi@ Hoorieh.A,Shamshiri@Faezeh,Alsadat@MajidiFatemeh<#LINE#>117-122<#LINE#>17.ISCA-RJRS-2013-1143.pdf<#LINE#> Islamic Azad University, Bam Branch, Kerman, IRAN @ Islamic Azad University of Science and Research, Brujerd Branch, Lorestan, IRAN @ Department of Architecture, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IRAN <#LINE#>29/12/2013<#LINE#>2/3/2014<#LINE#> Expansion of apartment living and collective settlementhas been considerable in recent decades in different cities of Iran. In urban development, with the increase of land price and particular problems,living at the floors is inevitable. It will bring many problems such as weakening of social interactions in the cities. In addition to these problems, designing these apartments would be so hard especially when talking about low-income settlements. Because we should decrease the cost of construction and design these apartments in such way to appropriating the fee for this people in the future. In this paper, the current status of the collective settlements in Kashan and social aspects of sustainable development will be studied. Accordingly, efforts to enhance the community's health, based on the two general ideas:At first, raising the possibility of social interaction between residents and at the second increase residents' opportunities for social relationships at higher levels.The development and implementation of both these ideas, certain provisions in residential building plans is required. Among them, the increase in public spaces in the floor plan and create spaces for social interaction as possible. It should be noted that it is differ from privatization. This research is trying to find ways to improve the design of apartments considering public health in Kashan.This paper focuses on the social aspects of sustainable development of settlements in Kashan.For this purpose Iran is investigated first, and then Kashan and then tells the nature of housing in this country. All these factors led us to design a residential complex for these people. For a more accurate evaluationthis sample - Kashan - has been investigated and interpreted in different aspects of economic, cultural, historical, geographical and religious.This project is designed for low-income peopleTherefore; we must bring down the costs for construction projects and designed in such way to appropriate for these people in terms of cost in the future. For the low cost in future some cases should be considered. <#LINE#> @ @ Nawazish Mirza, Ayesha Afzal, Syed Kumail Abbas Rizvi and BushraNaqvi, Can Current Earnings Predict Future Cash Flows?, A Literature Survey Res. J. 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F, Urban space : A context for social interaction, Memari and Farhang quarterly, In Persian, 24, 45-53, (2006) @No $ @ @ Askarzadeh M, Landscape architecture quarterly, University of Tehran, Iran, , 66-74 (2007) @No $ @ @ Evans G.W. and McCoy J.M., When buildings don't work: the role of architecture in human health, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18, 85-94 (1998) @No $ @ @ Bora Abhijit, Science Communication through Mass Media, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(1), 10-15 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mohammad Aghaei, Amin Asadollahi, Maryam Tonekaboni, NasimTajasom and Samin Abbasi, Investigating the Impact of Store Brand Price-Image and Retailer Equity Dimensions on ETKA Chain Store Customer's Purchase Intention, Res. J. Recent Sci.,2(11), 5-11 (2013) @No $ @ @ Movahedi M.M., A Statistical Method for Designing and analyzing tolerances of Unidentified Distributions, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(11), 55-64 (2013) @No $ @ @ Rosman Md. Y., Shah F.A., Hussain J. and Hussain A, Factors Affecting the Role of Human Resource Department in Private Healthcare Sector in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(1), 84-90 (2013) @No @Review Paper <#LINE#>Role of ICT in Climate Change Monitoring: A review Study of ICT based Climate Change Monitoring Services<#LINE#>Farhan@Shafiq,Ahsan@Kamran,Nadeem@Adnan,Muhammad@Sarim,Abdul@BasitShaikh,Muhammad@Siddiq<#LINE#>123-130<#LINE#>18.ISCA-RJRS-2013-1003.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology Karachi, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>2/12/2013<#LINE#>12/11/2014<#LINE#> The word ‘Climate Change” is not as simple and small in meaning as it seen. It exhibits dangerous and alarming consequences. Climate changes is continuous process from East to West, North to South, Soil to Sky, Water to Air, Forest to Desert, Ocean to Mountains, in fact everywhere. Climate change Monitoring (CCM) is the phenomena to observe and record climate changes and put forward them for decision makers or domain experts to prevent environment, avoid or at least prepare for different kinds of natural disasters, to prevent contamination of various precious natural resources including water, air and soil etc. Rapid advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is blessing for mankind and incorporation of this revolutionary technology in serving mankind in diverse domain is remarkable. Use of ICT in climate change mitigation, adoption and monitoring not only replacing the conventional techniques and systems also adding great accuracy, reliability and flexibility also provide diverse choices in related domain. ICT Technology is contributing in variety of domain, similarly these fruitful technologies using in Climates changes observation, Climate changes monitoring and climates changes adaptation as well as in Disaster Management. ICT based application can help in reducing climate changes impacts on environment. By using ICT in climate monitoring specially, provide real time observation, reduce cost, decrease power consumption, lively tracking, real time data processing and analysis etc. This review study evaluates how widely ICT and ICT based applications can be used in mitigation, adoption and monitoring of climate changes in developed and developing countries. <#LINE#> @ @ Bana, M., Givechi, S., andRezaee, A. A. The Observation on the Basis of Critical Management to Reduce the Air Pollution in Tehran, Iran. Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(9), 63-68, (2013) @No $ @ @ Climate monitoring MetOffice UK, Available at http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-change/guide/science/ monitoring accessed on 28-9-2013., (2013) @No $ @ @ Drabo A., and Mbaye L.M., Climate change, Natural disasters and migration : An empirical analysis in developing countries (No. 5927) , Discussion paperseries//Forschungsinstitut zurZukunft der Arbeit, (2011) @No $ @ @ Niyibizi A. and Komakech A, Climate Change Mitigation in Developing Countries Using ICT as an Enabling Tool, In Climate-Smart Technologies (pp. 19-32) @No $ @ @ , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, (2013) @No $ @ @ Annika Small. “Could digital technology transform public services?”. Available at http://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/jul/16/digital-room-tea-tyze-public-services?CMP=twt_gu accessed on 15-8-2013, (2013) @No $ @ @ Ogbomo M.O. and Ogbomo E.F., Importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Making a Heathy Information Society : A Case Study of Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria, (2008) @No $ @ @ Sheng H., Nah F.F.H. and Siau K., Strategic implications of mobile technology : A case study using value-focused thinking, The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 14(3), 269-290 (2005) @No $ @ @ Zanamwe N. and Okunoye A., Role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in mitigating, adapting to and monitoring climate change in developing countries. Int. Conf. on ICT for Africa, February 20 -23, Harare, Zimbabwe, (2013) @No $ @ @ Karanasios S.T.A.N., New and emergent ICTs and climate change in developing countries. Center for Development Informatics, Institute for Development Policy and Managment, SED. University of Manchester, (2011) @No $ @ @ Ptrick P. Kalas, Planting the Knowledge Seed Adapting to climate change using ICTs Concepts, current knowledge and innovative examples, Building Communication Opportunities (BCO) Alliance, (2009) @No $ @ @ Chong C.Y. and Kumar S.P., Sensor networks : Evolution, opportunities, and challenges. Proceedings of the IEEE, 91(8), 1247-1256 (2003) @No $ @ @ Arampatzis T., Lygeros J. and Manesis S.A, survey of applications of wireless sensors and wireless sensor networks. In Intelligent Control, 2005. Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on, Mediterrean Conference on Control and Automation, 719-724 IEEE (2005) @No $ @ @ Matijevics I. and Simon J., Control of the greenhouse’s microclimatic condition using wireless sensor network, IPSI J TIR, 6(2), 35-38 (2010) @No $ @ @ Peng J., The Design of Wetland Water Environmental Monitoring System Using Digital Video Based on Wireless Sensor Networks. In Communications and Mobile Computing, CMC'09, WRI Int. Conf. on. , 391-395, IEEE, (2009) @No $ @ @ Wu Q., Liang Y., Sun Y., Zhang C. and Liu P, Application of gprs technology in water quality monitoring system, In World Automation Congress (WAC), 7-11, IEEE (2010) @No $ @ @ Jianhua S., Xu Y., and Yu W, Solar Wireless Intelligent Online Hydrological Monitoring System, In Info. Tech. and App. (IFITA), International Forum on , 280-282, IEEE (2010) @No $ @ @ Xue X., Wang A., Wang H. and Xiang F., The Use of Remote Sensing Technology in Environmental Protection. In Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), 6th Int. Conf. on 1-4 IEEE, (2010) @No $ @ @ Song X., Wang C., Kagawa M. and Raghavan V., Real-time monitoring portal for urban environment using sensor web technology, In Geoinformatics, 18th Int. Conf. on, 1-5 IEEE (2010) @No $ @ @ Arkoprovo B., Adarsa J. and Animesh M., Application of Remote Sensing, GIS and MIF technique for Elucidation of Groundwater Potential Zones from a part of Orissa coastal tract, Eastern India., Res. J. Recent Sci.,2(11), 42-49(2013) @No $ @ @ Saravanan R. and Change C., e-Arik : Using ICTs to Facilitate ‘Climate-Smart Agriculture’among Tribal Farmers of North-East India, Climate Change, Innovation and ICTs Project Case Studies, Centre for Development Informatics, University of Manchester, UK http://www. niccd. org., (2011) @No $ @ @ Rajão R., ICT Based Monitoring of Climate Change Related Deforestation: The Case of INPE in the Brazilian Amazon, Climate Change, Innovation and ICTs Project Case Studies, Centre for Development Informatics, University of Manchester, UK http://www. niccd. org., (2012) @No $ @ @ Madari U., Supporting Strategic Decision Making on Climate Change Through Environmental Information Systems : The Case of ENVIS, Innovation and ICTs Project Centre for Development Informatics (CDI), University of Manchester, UK With the support of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), (2012) @No @Case Study <#LINE#>Statistical analysis of the Impact of Intellectual Capital elements on future Performance: A Case Study of Tehran Stock Exchange<#LINE#>Emad@Rezaei<#LINE#>131-137<#LINE#>19.ISCA-RJRS-2013-786.pdf<#LINE#> Department of accounting, Malayer Branch, Islamic Azad University, Malayer, IRAN <#LINE#>25/10/2013<#LINE#>14/1/2013<#LINE#>This research aimed toinvestigate the relationship between intellectual capital elements (human capital, customer capital and structural capital) and future performance of the listed companieson Tehran Stack Exchange. The Pulic Model was used for the intellectual capital and the EVA, P/E, Q, GR and ROA for the performance of the companies. Data required for calculating VAIC were collected from the annual reports of 111companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2007-2012. The statistical test used for data analysis was liner multiple regressions. Eviews6 software was used for test the hypotheses. The results of this study confirmed that there is a significant relationship between intellectual capital and two of thefinancial performance indexes, namely P/E and GR. But no relationship was observed between intellectual capital and Tobin Q index of financial performance. <#LINE#> @ @ Shih K.H. et al., Assessing knowledge creation and intellectual capital in banking industry, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(1), 74-89 (2010) @No $ @ @ Abhijit Talukdar, Founder, Attainix Consulting-info @No $ @ @ attainix.com. (www.attainix.com), (2014) @No $ @ @ Rehman W. et al., Intellectual capital performance and its impact on corporate performance: empirical evidence from Modaraba sector of Pakestan, Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(5), 8-16 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hossein H., The relationship between intellectual capital and value added and profitability of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, desertion for MS, In Persian, (2010) @No $ @ @ Mojtahedzadeh W. et al, Relation of intellectual capital (human, customer, structure) and insurance industry performance, Journal of Investigation Accounting and audit, In Persian, Iranian journal,17(60), 109-119 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ahangar R.G., The relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance : An empirical investigation in an Iranian company, African Journal of Business Management, In Persian, Iranian Journal, 5(1), 88-95 (2011) @No $ @ @ Namazi and Ebrahimi, The impact of intellectual capital on the current and future financial performance of listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange, Journal of Accounting Research, In Persian, Iranian Journal, 4(2), 4-23 (2007) @No $ @ @ Saudah S., Mike T. and Richard P., the implications of intellectual Capital on performance measurement and corporate performance, Available online, In Persian, Iranian Journal, (2005) @No $ @ @ Ze´ghal D. and Maaloul A., Analyzing value added as an indicator of intellectual capital and its consequences on company performance, Journal of IC, 11(1), 39-60 (2010) @No $ @ @ 0.Gevorgiyan j. rezaei E., Investigation Method of Company’s Intellectual Capital Measurement, Bulletin of national agrarian university of Armenia, 1(41), 65-71 (2013) @No $ @ @ Pulic A. and Bornemann M., The physical and intellectual capital of Austrian banks, (1999) @No $ @ @ Pulic A., VAIC – an accounting tool for IC management. International Journal of Technology Management, 20 (5-7), 702-14 (2000) @No $ @ @ Herman A. van den Berg, Models of Intellectual Capital Valuation: A Comparative Evaluation, Models of IC Valuation, http://www.academia.edu/722926/, 1-33 (2002) @No $ @ @ http://www.investopedia.com, (2014) @No $ @ @ Ji-jian Z., Nai-ping Z. and Yu-sheng. K., Study on Intellectual Capital and Enterprise’s Performance : An Empirical Evidence from Chinese Securities Market, Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing, 2(10), 35-39 (2006) @No $ @ @ Maditinos et al., The impact of intellectual capital on firms’ market value and financial performance, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(1), 132-151 (2011) @No $ @ @ Schiuma, G. and Lerro, A., Intellectual capital and company’s performance improvement, Measuring Business Excellence, 12 (2), 3-14 (2008) @No $ @ @ Walsh K., Enz A.C. and Canina L., The impact of strategic orientation on intellectual capital investments in customer service firms, Journal of Service Research, 10 (4), 300-17 (2008) @No <#LINE#>An Investigation of Macro and Micro Factors Affecting Sport Participation in Tehran Citizens, Iran<#LINE#>MohsenAlaee@Rad,FaridehAshraf@Ganjouei,Hazaveh@HamidSadjadi<#LINE#>138-146<#LINE#>20.ISCA-RJRS-2013-799.pdf<#LINE#> Physical Education Faculty, Exercise management Department, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>28/10/2013<#LINE#>28/12/2013<#LINE#> Today, people`s life style is changing due to technology and urbane life development. Not participating in physical activities, inactive and motionless life style has put all individuals of the society into danger. Meanwhile, participating in physical activities has been advised as a way of fighting against side effects of such life style. Inactive life has also been introduced as a main factor of heart disease and the riskof heart disease has been estimated as two times more in the people who have no activity. Regular physical activity, as an important factor improving health, prevents or postpones various kinds of chronic disease and leads to early death. Further, there are various evidences indicating that regular physical activities leads to mental health improvement, depression and stress signs reduction, life satisfaction, and life quality improvement. The purpose of the present paper is to investigate macro and micro factors affecting sport participation conducted as a case study in Tehran city. <#LINE#> @ @ Ehsani M and Azab Daftaran M, An evaluation of deterrent factors of girl students for participating in sport activities. Khorasgan Azad University, Olympic seasonal, 11th year, no. 3 and 4, (2003) @No $ @ @ Tondnevis F., How university students spend their leisure? A focus on sport activities. PhD dissertation, Tehran University, (1996) @No $ @ @ Hajebi A. and Faridnia P., The relation between mental health and social support in the staffs of Bousheher oil industry`s health and care, southern Medicine Seasonal, 12(1), 67-74 (2009) @No $ @ @ Atiqe Chi., An evaluation of spending leisure of girl students of Zanjan universities with a focus on physical education role. MA thesis, Zanjan Azad University, (1995) @No $ @ @ Ramezani Nejad R, Rahmaninia F. and taqavi Takiar A, Investigating motivation of participants of public sports in open areas, Sport Management, no. 2. 5-19, (2009) @No $ @ @ Fathi S, Sociological determination of students` sport participation, Social sciences research center, third year, no. 4, (2009) @No $ @ @ Moshkel Gosha E., The barriers of women to participate in sport and their relation with motivation, MA thesis, Isfahan University, (2006) @No $ @ @ Mahdi Pour A, Investigating the role of physical education in spending leisure of Tehran University`s boy students, Tabiat Modares University, (1993) @No $ @ @ Anderssen N., Wold B., Parental and peer influences on leisure-time physical activity in young adolescents. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,63, 341-348 (2001) @No $ @ @ Boyd V.S., Hunt P.F., Kandell J.J., Lucas M.S., Relationship between Identity processing style andAcademic success in undergraduate students. 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Norton and Company Inc, (1968) @No $ @ @ Ebben W., Brudzynski L., Motivations and barriers to exercise among college students, Journal of Exercise Physiology online,11(5), 1-11, (2008) @No $ @ @ Frank J.H. and Shari J.H., Relationships among Perfectionism, Achievement Goals, Athletic Identity, and Athlete Burnout, Conference, Tucson, U.S.A, (2002) @No $ @ @ Gillison F., Standage M., Skevington S.M., Relationships among adolescents Weight perceptions, exercise goals, exercise motivation, quality of life, and leisure-time exercise behavior: A self – determination theory approach, Health Education Research,21, 836-847, (2006) @No $ @ @ Green Ken, Smith Andy and Roberts Ken, Young people and lifelong participation in sport and physical activity : A sociological perspective on contemporary physical education programs in England and Wales, leisure studies,24(7), 27-43 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hajebi A., Faridnia P, The relationship between mental health and social support among the health and therapy employees working in oil industry of Bushehr, Journal of Therapy in south,12(1), 67-74 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ramezaninejad R. Rahim, Rahmai nia F., Taghva Takyar A., A survey on the employees’ motivation in public sports in outdoor spaces, Sport Management,2, 5-19, (2009) @No $ @ @ Gratton C. and Taylor P.D., Sport and Recreation: an Economic Analysis, E and FN Spon, London, (1985) @No $ @ @ Gratton C. and Taylor P.D., Government and the Economics of Sport, Longman, Harlow, 226 Bibliography, (1991) @No $ @ @ Gratton C. and Taylor P.D., the impact of variations in charges on usage levels atlocal authority sports facilities: economic analysis, Scottish Sports Council Research Digest, 34, Edinburgh, (1994) @No $ @ @ Gratton C. and Taylor P., From economic theory to leisure practice via empirics:the case of demand and price, Leisure Studies, 14, 245–261 (1995) @No $ @ @ Wicker P., Hallmann K. and Breuer C., Micro and macro level determinants of sport participation, Sport, Business and Management, 2(1), 51 – 68, (2012) @No $ @ @ Blair S.N., Kohl H.W.I., Paffenbarger R.S.Jr., Clark D.G., 32. 32. Cooper K.H., and Gibbons L.W., Physical fitness and all-cause mortality: A prospective study of healthy men and women, Journal of the American Medical Association,262, 2395-2401, (1989) @No $ @ @ Ehsani M., Level of participation of women in Iran and leisure constraints. L.S.A. conference. Leisure: Our common Wealth?, July, Perston, Manchester, England, (2002) @No $ @ @ Ehsani M., Leisure constraint factors on the recreational sporting activities of participants and non-participants L.S.A. conference, Journeys in Leisure London, England,(2001) @No $ @ @ Tondnevis F., the way the students spent for their entertainment throughout the universities worldwide with an emphasis on the sport activities, Phd thesis, physical education faculty, Tehran university, (1996) @No $ @ @ Atighechi, A survey on the way female students spent for their entertainment throughout the universities in Zanjan with an emphasis on the sport activities, physical education master degree thesis, Islamic Azad university-Tehran branch, (1995) @No