Abstract
Traditional thinking in economics was based on measurement of material resources and tangible assets and it has replaced the value creation of intangible assets. This issue led to increasing the importance of Intellectual Capital (IC) as research and economic issues. This study uses annual time series data and unit root tests and analyze them using Smooth Transition Regression ( STR) model by Liew and et. al., (2002). The results showed that there is a significant relationship among IC, market value and financial performance. Random sample includes 60 companies. To test the hypothesis, first we collected data and firms IC value is calculated based on Pulic (2000) model.

Abstract
Mass attenuation coeffic ients � of milk sample have been studied by using gamma radiation at energy 662keV. The results have been presented in a graphical form. The graph of path length (cm) V/s particle intensity shows linearity. The points are fitted with least square method. T he slope there graphs gives the value of the liner absorption coefficient. The density of milk sample at different concentrations V/s attenuation coefficients shows that attenuation coefficients decreases exponentially with increasing the density and confi rms the interaction of gamma radiations with various concentrations of milk sample The mass attenuation coefficient usually depends upon the density and the concentration of the milk samples. Exponential decay was observed. This validates the gamma abso rption law.

Abstract
Nowadays, consumers are becoming more and more aware of how their behavior and their use of resources can a ffect the environment. To a certain extent, online social marketing campaigns can be hold responsible for the shift from an irresponsible behavior to an environmentally friendly behavior. Trying to explain how online social marketing campaigns can influenc e consumers’ intention to behave in an environmentally friendly manner, we have employed the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as our research framework. The basic variables of TPB were developed and adapted for the purpose of our study. Measurements’ relia bility and validity were assessed as the first phase of our data analysis. Further, we have conducted a PLS - based structural equation modeling for hypotheses testing. All our hypotheses were validated at p.05. In order to assess the magnitude of the cau sal relationships between TPB’s variables we used Cohen’s effect sizes, which indicate a certain influence of online social campaigns on consumers’ intention to behave environmentally friendly. Contrary to these results, consumers’ perceived behavioral con trol, namely the existence of necessary financial resources, time and knowledge for engaging in ecological activities, as having a medium effect on consumers behavioral intentions. The model fit indicates that TPB is a viable research framework when trying to explain and predict consumers’ environmentally friendly behavior. Conclusions and implications are further elaborated.

Abstract
present study aims a t offering a model to describe the relationship found between aspects of corporate governance factors including ownership structure, dependent and independent directors, and internal audit with gross profit margin of those companies accepted at Tehran stoc k exchange. The understudy statistical population consisted of 81 companies acting at Tehran stock exchange selected through systematic deletion method. The study was conducted based on financial statements of the understudy companies at a 6 - year period du ring 2004 - 2009. Multiple linear regression test and T - test were used to test the research hypotheses. The results demonstrated that there is not any relationship between ownership aspects of institutional investors, managerial ownership, and availability o f internal auditor and gross profit margin of those companies accepted at stock exchange. Also, there is a reverse and meaningful relationship between foreign ownership aspects, independent directors, free float stocks, and personal ownership and gross pro fit margin of those companies accepted at stock exchange. While, there is a direct and meaningful relationship between independent directors and gross profit margin of the mentioned companies.

Abstract
The results brought back at the end of this work concern various chemical constituents of S. grandifolia leaves collected in Benin. The major compounds (  4%) of essential oils obtained after hydrodistillation and analysis by coupling gas chromatography wi th spectrometry mass are constituted of : limonene (20.2 %), ( E) - b - ocimene (7.6 - 17.8 %), ( Z) - b - ocimene (11.4 %), g - cadinene (7 . 0 %), s elin - 11 - en - 4 - a - ol (4.5 - 5.7% ), palmitic acid (4.3 - 6.2% ), b - pinene (5.5 %), α - selinene (5.5%), a - phellandrene (5.2% ), β - selinene (4.9%), β - elemene (4.5%) .The lipidic fractions realized from petroleum ether extracts are marked by importants rates of arachidic acid (22.5 %), palmitic acid (20.3 %) and of linoleic acid (15.9 %). The phytochemical analysis showed relatively a large content of coumarins, gallic tannins , flavones , leucoanthocyans and saponins in opposition to the other secondary metabolites .

Abstract
Buckling behavior of plates and shells is one of the important characteristics in analysis of any structure. One the most significant parameter that must be considered in buckling phenomenon is imperfection. In this paper the effect of imperfection on buckling load of steel rectangular plates under uni-axial in-plane compressive loading is investigated by numerical and experimental methods. The plates were free on two opposite sides and simply supported at the load side whereas the opposite side is either clamped or simply supported. This means that the plate primarily exhibits a type of column’s buckling.

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of increasing earnings firms which in this study is called successful companies. To t his end, price to earnings ratio(P/E of increasing earnings firms and other firms were compared, and also this claim that there is a significant difference between financial factors of these two types of firms was investig ated. The participants were 75 fi rms during the years 2007 - 2011. To test the hypothesis, the data merger model, the least - squares model and also the variance analysis were used. It was concluded that increasing earnings firms were more consistent compared to other firms. This study also i nvestigated the features of increasing earnings firms and other firms by using variance analysis. The result of the study showed that increasing earnings firms have higher Sales to total assets, Net income to total assets, Market value of equity to book va lue of debt, Operating income total assets, Working capital to total assets, and current assets to current liability.

Abstract
By using two Oryza sativa genotypes (Mahsuri and CN1035-60) a green house experiment was carried out to study i) genotypic variation in Arsenic (As) tolerance, and ii) As concentrations in different plant- parts at Agricultural Research Station, Bilaspur Chhattisgarh, India during 2010-2011. Plants were grown under controlled climatic conditions and subjected to increasing As supply in the form of Na2HAsO4 @ 0, 10, 20,30,40,50 mg As/kg soil. Mahsuri showed greater sensitivity to As toxicity than CN1035-60. Increasing As supply markedly reduced the stem and root dry weight of both genotypes (Mahsuri and CN1035-60) and these decreases were more marked in Mahsuri. Increase in As concentration of about 5 times in stem and 9 times in root was noted with an application of 20 mg As/ kg soil than the control. As was accumulated in the roots in much higher amounts than in the stem, especially in the case of CN1035-60 indicating that there is limited transport of As from the root system to the above ground plant parts in CN1035-60. Genotype CN1035-60 had significantly less uptake of As than genotype Mahsuri.

Abstract
This study is an effort to draw attention to the cha racteristics of cyber caf� users in Bangladeshi perspective . Cyber caf� is one of the prevalent ways for people’s access to the Internet in poor countries. Cyber cafés have become main centers for access to information in Dhaka City, the capital city of Ba ngladesh. The purposes of this study were to Find out the users usage pattern of cyber caf�s in Dhaka city; frequency of use, explore various reasons for cybercaf� dependency in Dhaka city and the problems they faced while using. The results showed that th e majority of caf� users were students. It concludes that those who used the caf�s mainly for down loading, reading news papers and less of them for academic purposes. The respondents mentioned problems of high cost, lower hardware facilities, and slow spe ed at cyber caf�s.

Abstract
The stilling basins are used to dissipate the energy of flowing water and protect the downstream structures like spillways, canals, etc. from the scouring. Hence hydraulic engineer s need proper attention for the design of stilling basin. The aim of the present experimental investigation is to design the new stilling basin model for non circular pipe outlet using impact wa ll and end sill only. Performance of outlet basins having impa ct wall of varying size and location were evaluated based on the performance index (PI), keeping the constant test run time and same base material downstream end sill. Higher values of PI indicate better performance of the basin model. Based on the experi mental performance of different stilling basin models are presented and it is concluded that by designing the appropriate impact wall size at suitable location, not only the efficienc y of stilling basin model increases but length of basin reduced to 29 % a s compared to USBR VI stilling basin.

Abstract
In this article we investigate some basic properties of newly discovered classes of AG - groupoid. We consider three classes that include 1 , 2 and 4 - AG - groupoids. We prove that every 4 - AG - groupoid is Bol* - AG - groupoid. We further investigate that 1 and 4 - AG - groupoids are paramedial and hence are left nuclear square AG - groupoids. We also prove that 1 and 4 are transitively commutative AG - groupoids and 1 - AG - 3 - band is a semigroup.

Abstract
Transition metal oxides have been a subject of research in recent years in view of their fundamental and technological aspects. Among these, va nadium creates many compounds with oxygen; these have different structural, optical and chemical properties. Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) is a thermodynamically stable form which exhibits electrochromic properties. A lot of recent research has been focused on the synthesis and fabrication of nanostructured vanadium oxides to mitigate the slow electrochemical kinetics with high specific surface area and short diffusion distance. Vanadium pentoxide with a layered structure is promising for smart window applicati ons. V 2 O 5 crystallizes with an orthorhombic unit cell and belongs to P mnm space group with lattice parameter a = 11.510 �, b = 3.563 �, c = 4.369 �, where the b and c are often interchanged. The stoichiometry of V 2 O 5 is considered as deformed octahedral VO 6 which serves as the building block of the V 2 O 5 structure. As a thin film, it exhibits multi colored electrochromism and has high potential for use in electrochromic display devices, colo r filters and other optical devices. Bulk and thin film V 2 O 5 with va ndal oxygen vacancies have been used as an oxidation catalyst. This paper deals with the detailed technological aspects of properties, different structures of V 2 O 5 as candidate cathode material for the fabrication of all solid state lithium ion batteries w ith wide applications of V 2 O 5 films as electrochromic cells and gas sensors.

Abstract
This paper provides an assessment and evaluation of impact of financial reforms on the structure of credit system of Pakistan . The analysis covers reform period of deca de of 1990s, and post reform period of 2000 - 2007. Financial reforms have involved a paradigm shift in policy regime affecting changes in the structure of credit system, and governing its operations. The key fa ctor has been a shift from nationalized financi al system governed by administrative fiat to a privatized system whose operations are governed by deregulated and largely market based system. As a result the liberalized credit system intensified borrower concentration to the neglect of priority sectors.

Abstract
This paper is about gaining a better understa nding of what types of situations cause stress in health care providers and how that stress affects job performance. The five key independent variables are workload, procedural injustice, role stress, work - family conflict, and physical environment. The pur pose of this study is to identify the relationship between the job stressor such as workload, procedural injustice, role ambiguity, work - family conflict, and physical environment towards job performance.

Abstract
Osteoporosis is the “Silent disease” in which the microarchitecture of bones becomes weak due to the low bone mass density. This common public health problem has lack of symptoms, and at the moment can only be diagnosed using a technique cal led dual - energy x - ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The DEXA scan of a bone provides bone mineral density (BMD), which is compared against the standard BMD values for diagnoses. The availability of DEXA machine in a third world country like Pakistan is an issue b ecause of its high cost and the high percentage of population living in rural areas with limited health care facilities. The aim of this paper is to review the published work on this subject and suggest a solution that aids early diagnosis of osteopo rosis using x - ray radiographs only. An associated problem is the use of T - score and Z - score reference values that are not based on the local population.