@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Effects of Petroleum Condensate/Diesel Mixture on Diesel Engines<#LINE#>T.N.@Chikwe,L.C.@Osuji,Ogali@R.E.,I.P.@Okoye<#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2012-165.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>7/4/2012<#LINE#>13/4/2012<#LINE#>  Seven combustible mixtures of condensate / diesel were evaluated with the aim to  delimit the extent at which the adulteration of automotive gas oil (AGO) with condensate samples from two different sources becomes harzardous to Diesel engines. Results of the quality assurance test (low CN (cetane number), low boiling point (IBP (initial boiling point), FBP (final boiling point), TR (total recovery)) ranges of atmospheric distillation, high cloud point) show that 4 – 100 % (v/v) of condensate in the adulterated blends are undesirable for diesel engines.  Blending condensates in diesel, results in black diesel smoke from inadequate air / fuel mixing in the cylinder with locally over-rich zones, higher fuel injection rates, dirty injectors and injection nozzle tip wear resulting from over use can lead to locally over-rich zones in the combustion chamber.  <#LINE#> @ @ Osuji L.C., Ogali, R.E. and Dumo-Sika, N., Fuel(2008) @No $ @ @ Connan J. and Cassou A.M. Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta44  (1980) @No $ @ @ Nissenbaum A., Goldberg M. and Aizenshrat Z., AAPG Bull. 69, 946 (1985) @No $ @ @ Snowdon L.R. and Powell T.G., AAPG Bull.,66, 775(1982) @No $ @ @ Wetmore D.E., Hancock C.K. and Traxler R.N., Fractionation and characterization of low molecular weight asphaltic hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem.,38(2), 225–230(1966) @No $ @ @ Schwell M., Genetic Characterization of Natural Gases, A. P. G. E Patent 67,  2225 – 2238 (1983) @No $ @ @ Orr N.L., Changes in Sulphur Content and Isotopic Ratios of Sulphur during Petroleum Maturation – Study of Big Itorn Basin Paleozoic Oils, Part 1 AAPG Bulletin 58, 2295 – 2318 (1974) @No $ @ @ Riva A.T., Salvator R., Cavaliere T. and Novelli L., Origin of Oils in Po-Basin in Northern Italy, Org. Geochem.,. 10, 391 – 400 (1986) @No $ @ @ Poirier M.A. and Similey G.T., A Novel Method for Separation and Identification of Sulphur Compounds in Naphtha (30 – 200C) and Middle Distillate (200 – 350C) Fractions of Lloydoninster Heavy Oil by GC/MS., J. Chem. Sc.,22, 304 – 309 (1988) @No $ @ @ Pixler B.O., Formation Evaluation by Analysis of Hydrocarbon Ratios, J. Petrol. Tech., 24, 665–670 (1969) @No $ @ @ Seifert W.K. and Teeter R.M., Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic and Heterocyclic Crude Oil Carboxylic acids, Anal. Chem.,, 42(7), 750–758 (1970) @No $ @ @ Nishimura M. and Baker E.W., Possible Origin of N-Alkanes with a Remarkable Even-To-Odd Predominance in Recent Marine Sediments, Geochem Cosmochim Acta., ED, 299–305 (2001) @No $ @ @ Raja A.S., Smart R.D. and Lee R.L., Biodiesel production from jatropha oil and its characterization, Res. J. Chem. Sc., 1,(2011) @No $ @ @ George V.D., Manual on Significance of Petroleum Products th Edition, ASTM Manual, Series I, (1993) @No $ @ @ Achugasim D., Osuji L.C. and Ojinnaka C.M., Use of activated persulphate in the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from crude oil polluted soils,   Res. J. Chem. Sc., 1(7), 57-67 (2011) @No $ @ @ Okoro L.N., Sambo F.I., Lawal M. and Nwaeburu C., Thermodynamic and viscometric evaluation of biodiesel and blends from olive oil and cashew nut oil, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,2(5), 29-34 (2012) @No $ @ @ Owolabi R.U., Osiyemi N.A. and Ojewumi M.E., Biodesel from household / restaurant waste cooking oil (WCO), J. for Chem. Eng. Proc. Tech. (2011) @No $ @ @ Dhole V.R. and Ghosal G.K., Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 18(9), 1767 – 1798 (1995) @No $ @ @ American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM D613),Standard Test Method for Cetane number of Diesel fuel oil, 1, (2002) @No $ @ @ American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM D86), Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure,1, (2002) @No $ @ @ American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM D1298) @No $ @ @ , Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method, 1, (2002) @No $ @ @ Bhosale P.R., Chonde S.G., Nakade D.B and Raut P.D., Studies on physiochemical characteristics of waxed and dewaxed pressmud and its effect on water holding capacity of soil, J. for Biol. Sci., 1(1), 35-41 (2012) @No $ @ @ American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM D5771)  , Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method),3, (2002) @No  
<#LINE#>Fixed Bed Column Study for the Removal of Lead from Aquatic Environment by NCRH<#LINE#>U.@Kumar,Acharya@J.<#LINE#>9-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2012-330.pdf<#LINE#> Departement of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>7/9/2012<#LINE#>12/10/2012<#LINE#>  This paper reports the results of the study on the performance of low-cost adsorbent such as NCRH in removing lead. The adsorbent materials adopted were found to be an efficient media for the removal of lead in continuous mode using fixed bed column. The fixed bed column experiment was conducted in a column having a diameter of 2 cm with 10 mg/l Pb(II) solution at a bed depth of 10 cm maintaining a constant flow rate of 10 ml/min. The breakthrough and exhaust time were found to be 3.7 and 11.21 h, respectively. Height of adsorption zone was found to be 10.32 cm and the rate at which the adsorption zone was moving through the bed was 1.38 cm/h. The percentage of the total column saturated at breakthrough was found 47.6 %. The value of adsorption rate coefficient (K) and adsorption capacity coefficient (N) were obtained as 0.0524 l/(mg h) and 1712 mg/l, respectively. <#LINE#> @ @ Kumar U. and Bandyopadhyay M., Sorption of cadmium from aqueous solution using pretreated rice husk, Bioresour. Technol., 97, 104-107 (2006) @No $ @ @ Goel P. K., Heavy Metal Pollution, Water pollution: Causes, Effects and Control, 139-147 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kumar U.and Acharya J.,Thermodynamics of the Sorption of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution on NCRH, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 2(6), 416-420 (2011) @No $ @ @ Akhtar M., Iqba S.,  Kausar A.,  Bhanger  M.I. and Shaheen M.A., An economically viable method for the removal of selected divalent metal ions from aqueous solutions using activated rice husk, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces,75, 149–155 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kumar U., Fixed bed column study for the removal of Zn(II) from aquatic waste by sodium carbonate treated rice husk, Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 5(2), 103-106 (2008) @No $ @ @ WanNgah W.S., Hanafiah M.A.K.M., Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modified plant wastes as adsorbents: a review, Bioresour. Technol.,99, 3935–3948 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mukhopadhyay M., Noronha S.B. and Suraishkumar G.K., Kinetic modeling for the biosorption of copper by pretreated Aspergillus niger biomass, Bioresour. Technol., 98, 1781-1787 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kumar U. and Bandyopadhyay M., Fixed bed column study for Cd(II) removal from wastewater using treated rice husk,  Journal of Hazardous Materials,  B129, 253-259 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mohan S. and Sreelakshmi G., Fixed bed column study for heavy metal removal using phosphate treated rice husk,  Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153, 75–82 (2008) @No $ @ @ Luo X., Deng Z., Lin X. and Zhang C., Fixed-bed column study for Cu2+ removal from solution using expanding rice husk,  Journal of Hazardous Materials, 187, 182–189 (2011) @No $ @ @ Babel S. and Kurniawan T.S., Low-cost adsorbent for heavy metal uptake from contaminated water: a review, J. Hazard. Mater., B97, 219-243 (2003) @No $ @ @ Michaels A.S., Cited in Benefield et al., Process chemistry for water and wastewater Treatment, New Jersy: Prentice Hall Inc., Ind Eng Chem,44, 337-380 (1952) @No $ @ @ Benefield L.D., Zudkins J.F. and Weand B.L., Process chemistry for water and wastewater, New Jersy: Prentice Hall Inc., 337-380 (1982) @No $ @ @ Oulman C.S., The logistic curve as a model for carbon bed design, Journal of American Water Works Association,72, 50-53 (1980) @No $ @ @ Adak A., Bandyopadhyay M. and Pal A., Removal of anionic surfactant from wastewater by alumina: a case study, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects,254, 165–171 (2005) @No  
<#LINE#>Enhancement of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis in Bacopa monnieri: An in vitro Study<#LINE#>Monica@Jain,Ritika@Rajput,Anamika@Mishra<#LINE#>13-16<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2012-348.pdf<#LINE#>  Life Science Department, Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Indore-17, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>17/9/2012<#LINE#>20/10/2012<#LINE#>  Enhanced production of total saponins was obtained from 40 day old suspension cultures of Bacopa monnieri. The callus yielded not only a 166% increased concentration of saponins but also produced two novel prominent bands of saponins compared to the natural plant system. We report here for the first time an increased potential of cell lines of B. monnieri in suspension for production of saponins; the active constituents responsible for neuropharmacological and nootropic action of the plant. Our studies can be utilised in meeting the demand and supply ratio of the drug with constant and elevated production of saponins produced in short duration. <#LINE#> @ @ Gohil K.J. and Patel J.A., A review on B. monniera; Current research and future prospects, International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 4(1), 1-9 (2010) @No $ @ @ Tiwari V., Tiwari K.N. and Singh B.D., Suitability of liquid cultures for in vitro multiplication of Bacopa monniera (L.) Wettst., Phytomorph., 50, 337-342 (2000) @No $ @ @ Garay  S., Mahato S.B.,  Ohtani  K., Yamasaki K., Dammarane type triterpenoid saponins  from Bacopa monnieri, Phytochem., 42, 815-820 (1996) @No $ @ @ Murthy  P.B.S., Raju V.R., Ramakrisana T., Chakravarthy M.S., Kumar K.V., Kannababu S. and Subbaraju G.V., Estimation of twelve Bacopa saponins in Bacopa monnieri extracts and formulations by high performance liquid chromatography, Chem. Pharm. Bull.,54(6), 907-911 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sajc L., Grubisic D. and Vunjak-Novakovic G., Bioreactors for plant engineering: An outlook for further research, Biochem Eng ., 4, 89-99 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kieren P.M., Mac Loughlin P.F. and Malone D.M., Plant cell suspension cultures: some engineering considerations. J. Biotechnol., 5939-52 (1997) @No $ @ @ Jain M., Tiwari S., Guruprasad K.N. and Pandey G.P., Influence of different media on somatic embryogenesis of Bacopa monnieri. J. Trop. Med. Plants, 11(2), 163-167 (2010) @No $ @ @  Rahman L.U., Verma P.C., Singh D., Gupta M.M., and Banerjee S., Bacoside production by suspension cultures of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, Biotechnology Letters24, 1427-1429, (2002) @No $ @ @ Ebrahimzadeh H and Niknam V., A revised spectrophotometric method for determination of triterpenoid saponins, Indian Drugs35 (6), 379-381 (1998) @No $ @ @ Vijaya Sree N., Udayasri P.V.V., Aswani kumar Y., Ravi Babu B., Phani kumar Y., Vijay Varma M., Advancements in the Production of Secondary Metabolites, Journal of Natural Products, , 112-123 (2010) @No $ @ @ Oksman-Caldentey K.M., Inze D., Plant cell factories in the post genomic era: new ways to produce designer secondary metabolites, Trends Plant Sci., , 433-440 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rao R.S., Biotechnological production of phytopharmaceuticals,Journal of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 4,73–112 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mathur A. and Mathur A.K., Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, CAB International, 115-137 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mousumi D., Malik C.P., Bisen P.S., Micropropagation: A tool for the production of high quality plant-based medicines, Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol., 33-49 (2006) @No $ @ @ Zhang Q., Rich J.O., Cotterill I.C., Pantaleone D.P., Michels P.C., 14-Hydroxylation of opiates: Catalytic direct autoxidation of codeinone to 14-hydroxycodeinone, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 7286-7287 (2005) @No  
<#LINE#>A Fully Automatic and Haar like Feature Extraction-Based Method for Lip Contour Detection<#LINE#>Morteza@Zahedi,Zahra@Mohamadian<#LINE#>17-20<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJRS-2012-355.pdf<#LINE#>School of Computer Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, IRAN<#LINE#>26/9/2012<#LINE#>27/10/2012<#LINE#>  In this paper we propose a fully automatic and efficient method for lip contour detection. At first face region is separated from any background using a variation of AdaBoost classifiers trained with Haarlike features extracted from the face. After that by applying  the second classifier trained with  mouth Haarlike features, on face region mouth region is extracted, at last sobel edge detection operator applies on mouth region and lip contour is detected. Most of previous methods are based on image color intensity, such methods act very weak on pictures with low contrast and noise, furthermore they are very time consuming. Our method by using Haarlike features is very robust against low contrast and noisy images. It is also very fast, efficient and fully automatic. <#LINE#> @ @ Yuille A.L., Kohen D.S. and P.W. Hallinan, Feature Extraction from Faces Using Deformable Templates, In Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recog.,San Diego, CA, 104–109 (1989) @No $ @ @ Luettin J., Thacker N.A. and S.W. Beet., Visual SpeechRecognition Using Active Shape Models and Hidden Markov Models, In Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Proc.,  Atlanta, GA, , 817–820 (1996) @No $ @ @ Kass M., Witkin A. and D. Terzopulos, Snakes: Active Contour Models, Intl. J. Computer Vision,1(4), 321–331 (1987) @No $ @ @ Eveno N., Caplier A. and Coulon P.Y. New Color Transformation for Lips Segmentation, In Proc. IEEE 4Workshop Multimedia Signal Proc., France, 3–8 (2001) @No $ @ @ Wark T., Sridharan S. and Chandran V., An Approach to Statistical Lip Modeling for Speaker Identification via Chromatic Feature Extraction, In Proc. 4th Intl. Conf.Pattern Recog., Brisbane, Australia, 123–125 (1998) @No $ @ @ Shamshirband Shahaboddin and Za'fari Ali., Evaluation of the Performance of Intelligent Spray Networks Based On Fuzzy Logic, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(8), 77-81, August (2012) @No $ @ @  Patil Pallavi and Ingle Vikal, Obtaining a high Accurate Fault Classification of Power Transformer based on Dissolved Gas Analysis using ANFIS, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(2), 97- 99 (2012) @No $ @ @ Leung S., Wang S. and Lau W., Lip Image Segmentation Using Fuzzy Clustering Incorporating an Elliptic Shape Function, IEEE Trans. Image Proc., 13(1), 51–62 (2004) @No $ @ @ Viola P. and  Jones M.J., Robust Real-Time Face Detection, Intl. J. Computer Vision.,57(2), 137–154 (2004) @No $ @ @ Freund Y. and Schapire R.E., A Decision-theoretic Generalization of On-line Learning and an Application to Boosting, In Proc. 2nd European Conf. ComputationalLearning Theory, Barcelona, Spain, 23–37 (1995) @No $ @ @ Sharifi M. and Shahriari B., Pareto Optimization of Vehicle Suspension Vibration for a Nonlinear Half-car Model Using a Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(8), 17-22 (2012) @No $ @ @ Agbo G.A., Ibeh G.F. and Ekpe J.E., Estimation of Global Solar Radiation at Onitsha with Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Network Models, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(6), 27-31 (2012) @No $ @ @ Viola P. and Jones M.J., Robust Real-Time Face Detection, Intl. J. Computer Vision.,57(2), 137–154 (2004) @No $ @ @ Papageorgiou Oren, and Poggio, A general framework for object detection, International Conference on Computer Vision (1998) @No $ @ @ Kanade T., Cohn J.F. and Tian Y., Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis, In Proc. 4th IEEEIntl. Conf. Automatic Face and Gesture Recog.,France 46–53 (2000) @No 
<#LINE#>Quantum Size Effects on Effective Mass and Band gap of Semiconductor Quantum Dots<#LINE#>Vatankhah@Changiz,Ebadi@Ali<#LINE#>21-24<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJRS-2012-356.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr Branch, Mahshahr, IRAN<#LINE#>26/9/2012<#LINE#>10/10/2012<#LINE#>  In this research we calculate the band gap of ZnS nano particle and show that it increases with decreasing its size. The simplest way for discussing this phenomenon and finding the band gap for different sizes is effective mass approximation. We show, this method isn't accurate for particles smaller than 2.5 nm. This is due to the fact that the effective mass of particles at this size is dependent of size. To calculate the band gap of small size ZnS, the density functional theory was used. This theory has also used to determine the effective mass for various particle sizes. Our calculation indicates the appearance of blue shift by decreasing the size of particle. <#LINE#> @ @ Alivisatos A.P., Semiconductor Clusters, Nanocrystals, and Quantum Dots, Science,271, 933- 937 (1996) @No $ @ @ Trentler T.J, Hickman K.M., Goel S.C., Viano A.M., Gibbons P.C., and Buhro W.E., Solution-Liquid-Solid Growth of Crystalline III-V Semiconductors: An Analogy to Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth, Science, 270, 1791 (1995) @No $ @ @ Kazes M., Lewis D.Y., Ebenstein Y., Mokari T. and Banin U., Lasing from Semiconductor Quantum Rods in a Cylindrical Microcavity, Adv. Mater, 14, 317 (2002) @No $ @ @ Achermann M., Petruska M.A., Kos S., Smith D.L., Koleske D.D. and Klimov V.I., Energy-transfer pumping of semiconductor  nanocrystals using an epitaxial quantum well, Nature, 429, 642 (2004) @No $ @ @ Huynh W.U, Dittmer J.J. and Alivisatos A.P., Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cells, Science,295, 2425 (2002) @No $ @ @ Klein D.L., Roth R., Lim A.K.L., Alivisatos A.P. and McEuen P.L., A single-electron transistor made from a cadmium selenide nanocrystal, Nature, London, 389, 699 (1997) @No $ @ @ Gao X., Cui Y., Levenson R.M., Chung L.W.K. and Nie S., In-vivo cancer targeting and imaging with semiconductor quantum dots,  Nature Biotechnology, 22, 969-976 (2004) @No $ @ @ Cui Y., Wei Q., Park H., and Lieber C.M., Nanowire Nanosensors for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Biological and Chemical Species, Science, 293, 1289 (2001) @No $ @ @ Alivisatos A.P., The use of nanocrystals in biological detection, Nat. Biotechnol., 22, 47 (2004) @No $ @ @ Louis Brus., Electronic wave functions in semiconductor clusters: experiment and theory, J. Phys. Chem. 90, 2555 (1986) @No $ @ @ Martin R.M., Electronic Structure Basic Theory and Practical Methods (Cambridge university press 2004) @No $ @ @ Haug H. and Khoch S.W, Quantum Theory of the Optical and Electric Properties of Semiconductors (World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Lid (1993) @No $ @ @ Sze S. M., Physics of semiconductors Devices (John Willey and Sons 1981) @No $ @ @ Nanda J., Dapara S. and Sarma D.D., Size selected zinc sulfide nanocrystallites: synthesis, structure and optical studies, Chem. Mater., 12, 1018 (2000) @No $ @ @ Li J. and Wang Lin-Wang, Band-structure-corrected local density approximation study of semiconductor quantumdots and wires, Phys.Rew. B, 72, 125325 (2005) @No  
<#LINE#>Transmittance and Band Gap Analysis of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell<#LINE#>O.K.@Oviri,A.J.@Ekpunobi<#LINE#>25-31<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJRS-2012-357.pdf<#LINE#> Physics Department, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5024, Awka, Anambra State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>28/9/2012<#LINE#>3/10/2012<#LINE#>  Transmittance which is the fraction of incident light at a specified wavelength that passes through a sample and energy bang gap which is the energy difference between the conduction band and valence band are essential characteristics for analyzing the performance of a dye sensitized solar cell in relation to the solar energy absorbed. Anacardium occidentale dye which was used as the sensitizer gave a transmittance which increased gradually from the ultraviolet region through the visible range to the infrared region; having its peak and least values at 1099.15m and 299.87m of wavelength respectively. With a bang gap of 3.271eV, the dye gave a value of 1.48eV. The possible significance of these findings is discussed. <#LINE#> @ @ O'Regan B. and Grätzel M., A Low-Cost, High-Efficiency Solar Cell Based on Dye-Sensitized Colloidal TiO Films, Nature,353(6346)  , 737–740 (2011) @No $ @ @  American Chemical Society., Ultrathin, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Called Most Efficient To Date, ScienceDaily,20, 09, (2006) @No $ @ @ Gao F. Wang Y., Zhang J., Shi D., Wang M., Humphry-Baker R., Wang P., Zakeeruddin, S.M. and Grätzel, M., A New Heteroleptic Ruthenium Sensitizer Enhances the Absorptivity of Mesoporous Titania Film for a High Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell, Chemical Communications,(23), 2635–7 (2008) @No $ @ @ Zhang G.,  Bala H., Cheng Y., Shi D., Lv X., Yu Q. and Wang P., High Efficiency and Stable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with an Organic Chromophore Featuring a Binary Conjugated Spacer, Chem. Communication, 2198–2200 (2009) @No $ @ @  Tributsch H., Dye Sensitization Solar Cells. A Critical Assessment of the Learning Curve, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 248, 1511 (2004) @No $ @ @ Haiying W., Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, University of Alabama Department of Chemistry (2002) @No $ @ @ http://www.solaronix.com/products/electrodes retrieved 05, 08, (2012) @No $ @ @ Dirk S. W.and Thomas D., Spin Coating From A Molecular Point of View, Its Concentration Regimes, Influence of Molar Mass and Distribution, Materials Research Innovations, 7, 314 (2003) @No $ @ @ http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?Title=Screen_printing&oldid=495168421, Retrieved 08, 05, (2012) @No $ @ @ Paul D. and Fleming L., The Gravure Doctor Blade. Gravure Printing, (2012) @No $ @ @ IUPAC handbook definition, Retrieved, 10, 09, ( 2012) @No $ @ @  CRC Dictionary of pure and applied physics, CRC Press, Editor: Dipak Basu (2001) @No $ @ @ Michael B., Nanowires Could Lead to Improved Solar Cells , NewswireToday, 03, 06, (2006) @No $ @ @ http://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/pn-junction/absorption-coefficient, Retrieved 15, 09, (2012) @No $ @ @ Wunderlich W., Ohta S., Ohta H., and Koumoto K.,. Effective Mass and Thermoelectric Properties of SrTiO/sub 3/-Based Natural Superlattices Evaluated by Ab-Initio Calculations, 252 (2005) @No 
<#LINE#>Chemical Characterization of Ambient Pm10 Aerosol in a Steel City, Rourkela, India<#LINE#>N.C.@Kavuri,K.K.@Paul<#LINE#>32-38<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJRS-2012-362.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Civil Engineering, National Institue of Technology, Roukela-769008, Odisha, INDIA<#LINE#>3/10/2012<#LINE#>5/11/2012<#LINE#>  A comprehensive study for ambient particulate air pollution was carried out between January 2011 and December 2011 in a steel city, Rourkela to investigate the PM10 aerosol mass concentration and its major metallic and anionic characterization. The 8 hourly average concentration of PM10 varied from 80.88µg/m to 225.93µg/m. Major heavy metals obtained are iron (102.14 ng/m), aluminium (50.53 ng/m) and zinc (41.90 ng/m), while sulphate (1920 ng/m) dominates the anionic species. Both heavy metals and anions followed the same seasonal trend as PM10 showing a lower concentration during summer and monsoon and higher values during winter and spring. These seasonal variations can be explained by the nature of sources, climatic characteristics of the city and anthropogenic activities near monitoring sites. Spearman rank correlation study was performed between PM10 and its major chemical constituents. Ambient particulate iron of the steel city has obtained inverse spearman rank correlation with Ni, Zn, Cu and Al.  <#LINE#> @ @ Seangkiatiyuth K., Surapipith V., Tantrakarnapa, K. and Lothongkum A.W., Application of the AERMOD modeling system for environmental impact assessment of NOemissions from a cement complex, J. Environ. Sci., 23, 931–940 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bellouin N., Boucher O., Haywood J. and Reddy M.S., Global estimate of aerosol direct radiative forcing from satellite measurements, Nature, 438(7071) , 1138-1141(2005) @No $ @ @  Lelieveld J., Crutzen P., Ramanathan V., Andreae M.O., Brenninkmeijer C.A.M., Campos T., Cass G.R., Dickerson R.R., Fischer H., de Gouw J.A., Hansel A., Jefferson A., Kley D., de Laat A.T.J., Lal S., Lawrence M.G., Lobert J.M., Mayol-Bracero O., Mitra A.P., Novakov T., Oltmans S.J., Prather K.A., Reiner T., Rodhe H., Scheeren H.A., Sikka D. and Williams J., The Indian Ocean experiment: widespread air pollution from South and Southeast Asia, Science, 291, 1031-1036 (2001) @No $ @ @  Lawrence M.G. and Lelieveld J., Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: a review, Atmos.Chem. Phys., 10, 11017-11096 (2010) @No $ @ @  Buseck P.R., Jacob D.J., Posfai M., Li J. and Anderson J.R.,  Minerals in the air: an environmental perspective, Int. Geol. 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Res., 93, 897-901 (2009) @No $ @ @  Srivastava K.P. and Singh V.K., Impact of Air-Pollution on pH of soil of Saran, Bihar, India, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(4), 9-13 (2012) @No $ @ @  Chouhan A., Iqbal S., Maheshwari R.S. and Bafna A., Study of air pollution tolerance Index of plants growing in Pithampur Industrial area sector 1, 2 and 3, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 172-177 (2012) @No $ @ @ Balasubramanian R., Qian W., Decesari S., Facchini M.C. and Fuzzi S., Comprehensive characterization of PM2.5aerosols in Singapore, J. Geophys. Res.,108(D16), 4523- 4540 (2003) @No $ @ @  Dockery D.W. and Pope C.A., Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution, Annu. Rev. Publ. Health., 15, 107-132 (1994) @No $ @ @ Anderson K.R., Avol E.L., Edwards S.A., Shamoo D.A., Peng R.C., Linn W.S. and Hackney J.D., Controlled exposures of volunteers to respirable carbon and sulphuric acid aerosols, J. Air. Waste. Manage, 42, 771-776 (1992) @No $ @ @  Deshpande C.G. and Kamra A.K., Extension of Atmospheric Aerosols Over Ocean Around Peninsular India In The Southwest Monsoon Season, J. Aerosol. Sci., 26, 1169-1174 (1995) @No $ @ @  Chow J.C., Watson J.G., Fujita E.M., Lu Z. and Lawson D.R., Temporal and spatial variations of PM2.5 and PM10aerosol in the Southern California Air Quality Study, Atmos. Environ.,28, 2061-2080 (1994) @No $ @ @  Thurston G.D. and Spengler J.D., A quantitative assessment of source contributions to inhalable particulate matter pollution in metropolitan Boston, Atmos. Environ., 19(1),  9-25 (1985) @No $ @ @  Sharma P., Fulekar M.H. and Pathak B., E-Waste- A Challenge for Tomorrow, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(3), 86-93, (2012) @No $ @ @  Mane T.T. and Hingane H.N., Existing Situation of Solid Waste Management in Pune City, India, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1 (ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 348-351 (2012) @No $ @ @  Nair P.R., Rajan R., Parameswaran K., Abraham A. and Jacob S., Chemical composition of aerosol particles over the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean regions during the INDOEX (FFP-98) cruise—preliminary results, Curr. Sci. India, 80, 171-175 (2001) @No $ @ @  Karar K., Gupta A.K., Kumar A. and Biswas A.K., Characterization and identification of the sources of chromium, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel, manganese and iron in PM10 particulates at the two sites of Kolkata, India, Environ. Monit. Assess.,120(1-3), 347-360 (2006) @No $ @ @  Karar K. and Gupta A.K., Seasonal variations and chemical characterization of ambient PM10 at residential and industrial sites of an urban region of Kolkata (Calcutta), India, Atmos. Res., 81, 36-53 (2006) @No $ @ @   Katz M. et al (Eds), Methods of Air Sampling and Analyses, 2nd Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington DC, (1977) @No $ @ @  Gwal A.K., Jain S., Panda G., Gujar Y.S., Raghuwanshi S. and Vijay S.K., Study of Ionospheric Perturbations during Strong Seismic Activity by Correlation Technique using NmF2 Data, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(1), 2-9 (2012) @No $ @ @  Singh R.P., Dey S., Tripathi S.N., Tare V. and Holben B., Variability of aerosol parameters over Kanpur, northern India, J. Geophys. Res., 109(D23206), 1-14 (2004) @No $ @ @  Rastogi N. and Sarin M.M., Quantitative chemical composition and characteristics of aerosols over western India: one-year record of temporal variability, Atmos. Environ., 43, 3481-3488 (2009) @No $ @ @  Suresh T. and Desa E., Seasonal variations of aerosol over Dona Paula a coastal site on the west coast of India, Atmos. Environ., 39(19), 3471-3473 ( 2005) @No $ @ @  Vinoj V., Satheesh S.K., Babu S.S. and Moorthy K.K., Large aerosol optical depths observed at an urban location in southern India associated with rain-deficit summer monsoon season, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3073-3077 (2004) @No  
<#LINE#>Use of Photo-Fenton Reagent in the Degradation of Basic Yellow 2 in Aqueous Medium<#LINE#>D.H@Khandelwal.,R.@Ameta<#LINE#>39-43<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJRS-2012-366.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Chemistry, Pacific College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Pacific University, Udaipur-313024, Rajasthan, INDIA @ Department of Chemistry, Govt. P.G. College, Nathdwara, Rajasthan, INDIA <#LINE#>5/10/2012<#LINE#>9/10/2012<#LINE#>  This study was conducted to assess the removal efficiency of Basic Yellow 2 (a dye) from aqueous medium using the photo- Fenton process. Fenton's reagent, a mixture of hydrogen peroxide (H2 ) and ferric ions (Fe3+), used to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH), was used to attack the target contaminant and degrade it. A visible light source was used to provide the radiation needed in the photo-Fenton method (i.e. H2 /Fe3+). The effects of varying the parameters of ferric ion, Basic Yellow 2 and hydrogen peroxide concentrations, as well as pH, and light intensity on the reaction rate were determined. More effective and faster than Fenton's reagent in removing Basic Yellow 2, the results show that the photo-Fenton method completely oxidizes and degrades Basic Yellow 2 into CO and HO. A tentative mechanism for photobleaching of the dye is proposed. <#LINE#> @ @ Ali M.A. and Bashier S.A., Oxidation of Fast Green FCF by the Solar photo-Fenton Processes, Food Add. Contam., 23,  452 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nogueira R.F.P., Silva M.R.A and  Trov´o A.G., Influence of the Iron source on the solar photo-Fenton degradation of different classes of organic compounds, Solar Energy, 79, 384 (2005) @No $ @ @ Feng J., Hu X., Yue P.L., Zhu H.Y. and  Lu G.Q., Oxidation of acidc dye Eosine Y by the Solar photo-Fenton Processes, Water Res.,37, 3776 (2003) @No $ @ @ Muruganandham M. and Swaminathan M., Oxidation of Direct dyes with H using ferrous ion as catalyst, Sep. Purif. Technol., 48, 297 (2006) @No $ @ @ Malik P.K. and Saha S.K., Enzymatic in-situ generation of hydrogen peroxide for decolorization of Acid Blue 113 by Fenton Process, Sep. Purif. Technol., 31, 241 (2003) @No $ @ @ Muruganandham M. and Swaminathan M., Decolorizationof Reactive Orange 4 by Fenton and phto-Fenton oxidation technology, Dyes Pigments, 72, 137 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lucas M.S. and Peres J.A., Declorization of the azo dye Reactive Black 5 by Fenton and phto-Fenton oxidation, Dyes Pigments, 71, 235 (2006) @No $ @ @ Will I.B.S. and Moraes J.E.F., Photo-Fenton degradation of waste water containing organic compounds in solar reactors, Sep. Purif. Technol., 34, 51 (2004) @No $ @ @ Zheng H. and Xiang X., Phto-Fenton oxidation process used in the degradation of Rhodamine B, Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal., 24, 726 (2004) @No $ @ @ Xiang X. and Zheng H., Phto-Fenton oxidation process used in the degradation of Melachite Green, Chongqing Jianzhu Univ., 26, 126  (2004) @No $ @ @ Xu Y., Photocatalytic degradation of textile dye XB by heteropolyoxometalate acids, Chemosphere, 43, 1103 (2001) @No $ @ @ Mogra D., Mehta M., Ameta R. and Ameta S.C., Studies on Photodegradation of Chloropropanic acid by Fenton and other like Reagents., J. Indian. Chem. Soc., 79, 593(2002) @No $ @ @ Mogra D., Ameta R., Chhabra N. and Ameta S.C., Photochemical degradation of Chlorobenzene by photoFenton reagent, Intl. J. Chem. Sci., 1, 211 (2003) @No $ @ @ Walling C., Intermediates in the reaction of Fenton type reagents, Acc. Chem. Res., 31, 155 (1998) @No $ @ @ Munesh Swati and Meena R.C.,Photocatalytic Decolorization of Acid Red 186 Using Alternative Developed Photocatalyst MBIR Dowex 11, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(9), 56-62 (2012) @No $ @ @ Santhanalakshmi J. and Komalavalli R. Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of some Textile Dyes Using Silver Nano Particles, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(4), 64-67 (2012) @No  
<#LINE#>Novel Characteristics of Junction less Dual Metal Cylindrical Surround Gate (JLDM CSG) MOSFETs<#LINE#>SantoshKumar@Gupta,Srimanta@Baishya<#LINE#>44-52<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJRS-2012-378.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam – 788 010, INDIA<#LINE#>12/10/2012<#LINE#>16/10/2012<#LINE#>  After the fabrication of a junction less (JL) transistor by the Colinge et al at Tyndall National Institute, it is now considered a substitute for the junction transistors at highly scaled dimensions. One of the biggest advantages reported is its current driving capability. Being a depletion mode device it is normally ON device and has to be switched OFF by applying a certain gate voltage. In this paper we have explored some novel characteristics of a junction less dual metal (JLDM) CSG MOSFET using 3D numerical simulations and compared it with a standard JL single metal (JLSM) transistor of identical dimensions. Some interesting properties of the JLDM has been revealed not reported earlier. Many analog and RF performance parameters of JLDM such as transconductance 
, TGF 
, early voltage , unit-gain cutoff frequency 	, maximum frequency of oscillation \n, gain bandwidth product (GBW) etc. have been observed to have improved values as compared to the JLSM. <#LINE#> @ @ Shur M., Split-gate eld-effect transistor,  Appl.Phys.Lett., 54(9), 162–164 (1989) @No $ @ @ Saxena M., Haldar S., Gupta M., and Gupta R., Physics-based analytical modeling of potential and electrical eld distribution in dual material gate (DMG)-MOSFET for improved hot electron effect and carrier transport efciency,  IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 49(11), 1928–1938 (2002) @No $ @ @ Chaudhry A. and Kumar M., Investigation of the novel attributes of a fully depleted dual-material gate SOI MOSFET,  IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 51(9), 1463–1467 (2004) @No $ @ @ Zhou X. and Long W., A novel hetero-material gate (HMG) MOSFET for deep-submicron ULSI technology, IEEETransactions on Electron Devices, 45(12), 2546–2548 (1998) @No $ @ @ Long W., Ou H., Kuo J., and Chin K., Dual-material gate (DMG) eld effect transistor,  IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 46(5), 865–870 (1999) @No $ @ @ Long W. and Chin K., Dual material gate eld effect transistor (DMGFET), IEDM Tech. Dig., 549–552 (1998) @No $ @ @ Colinge Jean-Pierre et. al, Nanowire transistors without junctions, Nature Nanotechnology, DOI: 10.1038/NNANO.2010.15 (2010) @No $ @ @ Na K. and Kim Y., Silicon complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor eld-effect transistors with dual work function gate,  Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 45(12), 9033–9036 (2006) @No $ @ @ Polishchuk I., Ranade P., King T., and Hu C., Dual workfunction metal gate CMOS technology using metal inter diffusion, IEEE Electron Device Lett., 22(9), 444–446 (2001) @No $ @ @ Song S. et al, Highly manufacturable 45nm LSTP CMOS FETs using novel dual high-k and dual metal gate CMOS integration, VLSI Symp. Tech. Dig., 13–14 (2006) @No $ @ @ Lou Haijun, Zhang Lining, Zhu Yunxi, Lin Xinnan, Yang Shengqi, He Jin, Chan Mansun, A Junctionless Nanowire Transistor with a Dual-Material Gate, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 59(7), 1829-1836 (2012) @No $ @ @ Lilienfield J. E., Method and apparatus for controlling electric current, US patent 1,745,175 (1925) @No $ @ @ Lilienfield J. E., Device for controlling electric current, US patent 1,900,018 (1928) @No $ @ @ Rios R., Cappellani A., Armstrong M., Budrevich A., Gomez H., Pai R., Rahhal-orabi N., and Kuhn K., Comparison of Junctionless and Conventional Trigate Transistors With Lg Down to 26 nm, IEEE Electron Device Letters,  32(9), 1170-1172 (2011) @No $ @ @ Gundapaneni Suresh, Ganguly Swaroop, Kottantharayil Anil, Bulk Planar Junctionless Transistor (BPJLT): An Attractive Device Alternative for Scaling, IEEE Electron Device Letters, 32(3), 261-263 (2011) @No $ @ @ Su Chun-Jung, Tsai Tzu-I, Liou Yu-Ling, Lin Zer-Ming, Lin Horng-Chih, Chao Tien-Sheng, Gate-All-Around Junctionless Transistors With Heavily Doped Polysilicon Nanowire Channels, IEEE Electron Device Letters, 32(4),521-523 (2011) @No $ @ @ Singh Pushpapraj, Singh Navab, Miao Jianmin, Park Woo-Tae, Kwong Dim-Lee, Gate-All-Around Junctionless Nanowire MOSFET With Improved Low-Frequency Noise Behavior, IEEE Electron Device Letters, 32(12), 1752-1754 (2011) @No $ @ @ Chiang Te-Kuang, A Quasi-Two-Dimensional Threshold Voltage Model for Short-Channel Junctionless Double-Gate MOSFETs, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 59(9),2284-2289 (2012) @No $ @ @ TCAD Sentaurus Device Users Manual, Synopsys, Mountain View, CA, (2009) @No  
<#LINE#>Chemical Composition of the Mesocarp of Garcinia kola Heckel (Clusiaceae) Fruit<#LINE#>C.J.@Morabandza,R.P.@Ongoka,L.@Matini,C.@Epa,L.C.@Nkounkou,A.A.@Abena<#LINE#>53-58<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJRS-2012-379.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Natural Sciences, ENS, University Marien Ngouabi, P.O. Box 69 Brazzaville, CONGO  @ Department of Exact Sciences, ENS University Marien NgouabiI, P.O. Box 69 Brazzaville, CONGO @ Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Faculty, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, CONGO<#LINE#>15/10/2012<#LINE#>22/10/2012<#LINE#>  The chemical composition of Garcinia kola Heckel (Clusiaceae) mesocarp was determined.The results of proximate analysis have showed that the mesocarp of Garcinia kola Heckel contained seven (7) chemical families: flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, anthraquinons, saponosids, terpenoïds, steroids and reducing compounds. The average value of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyans in the mesocarp at  the last stage of maturity was: 68.33 ± 0.85 ;14.67±1.04; 2.92 ± 0.34 mg/l, respectively. The average percent in water content, crude proteins, carbohydrates and total lipids was: 84.40 ± 1.27; 5.20±0.03; 27.77± 0.59; and 18.70 ± 0.85 %, respectively. The mean value of ascorbic acid and total acidity was 29.26 ± 0.99 mg and 64.48± 1.89 méq.g HSO /l. The physical and mineral element composition were: pH 2.91 ± 0.02; E.C 1855.33 ± 55.41µS/cm,  T.D.S 1006.33 ± 5.86 mg/l and Ca 4.30 ± 0.14; Mg 2.40 ± 0.14; Na 0.26 ± 0.09; K 31.04 ± 1.53; P 59.32 ± 1.83; Fe 126.53 ± 15.05; N 19.54 ± 0.17; Zn 8.79 ± 0.30; Cu 0.93 ± 0.05; Mn 4.38 ±0.17 mg/100g. The ash content was 7.970±0.099 % (450°C), respectively.  <#LINE#> @ @ Ogbe A.O. and George G.A.L., Nutritional and Anti-nutrient Composition of Melon Husks: Potential as Feed Ingredient in Poultry Diet, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(2) 35-39 (2012) @No $ @ @ Atlas forestier interactif du Congo (version 1.0) document de synthèse,  3 (2011) @No $ @ @ Adjanohoun E.J., Ahyi  A.M.R., AkéAssi L.,  Baniakina J., Chibon P.,   Cusset G. and Doulou V., Contribution  aux  études  ethnobotanique  et  floristiques  en   République  du  Congo, ACCT, Paris, 161-165 (1988) @No $ @ @ Hurtel  J.M., Plantes médicinales, aromathérapie, huiles essentielles, 52  (2008) @No $ @ @ Guedje  N.M. and Fankap R., Utilisations traditionnelles de Garcinia lucida et Garcinia kola (Clusiaceae) au Cameroun, National Botanic Garden of Belgium, (2001) @No $ @ @ Iwu M.M., Igboko O.A., Onwuchekwa U.A. and Okunji C.O., Evaluation of the antihepatotoxic activity of the biflavonoids of Garcinia kola seeds, Journal of Ethno-pharmacology, 21(2) 127-138 (1987) @No $ @ @ Tebekeme Okoko, In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Garcinia kola seeds, African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(24) 7133–7137 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bouquet  A., Plantes médicinales  du  Congo Brazzaville, O.R.S.T.O.M, Paris, 30, 8-18 (1972) @No $ @ @ Wagner H. and Bladt S., Plant drug analysis. A thin layer chromatography Atlas, Springer, New York (2001) @No $ @ @ Khacheba Ihcen and Benamar Hanane,  Effets des extraits de quelques plantes médicinales locales sur l'alpha – amylase(2008) @No $ @ @ http://www.memoireonline.com visited October 15, 2012 at 12:43 @No $ @ @ Markham K.R., Techniques of flavonoids identification. Academic press, London, 36-53 (1982) @No $ @ @ Montana C.M., Carmen D., Esperanza T.M. et Pilar C.M., HPLC determination of organic acids in pineapple juice and nectars, Z Lebensm. Unters Forsch, 198, 52-56 (1994) @No $ @ @ Svirbely J.L. and Szent-Gyorgyi A., Hexuronic acid as the antiscorbutic factor, Nature, 129 576-690 (1932) @No $ @ @ Jackson M.K.., Soil chemical analysis, Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, U.S.A. (1964) @No $ @ @ Fairbain N.J., A modified anthrone reagent, Chem. Int.,4, 86 (1953) @No $ @ @ Folch J.M. and Sloane H.G., A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues, J. Biol. Chem., 226 497-509 (1957) @No $ @ @  Motegaonkar Manorama B. and Salunke Shridar D., The ash and calcium content of common fruit grown in Latur district, MS, India, Res.J.Recent Sc., 1(5) 66-68 (2012) @No $ @ @ Wagner H. and Bladt S., Plant druganalysis a thinlayerchromatographyatlas, 2 Edn, Springer Verlag, Berlin., 384 (1996) @No $ @ @ Hopkins  W.G., .Physiologie  Végétale,  De Boeck Université,  2 Edn,  21 (2003) @No $ @ @ Wagner H., Bladt S., Plant drugsanalysis a thinlayerchromatographyatlas, 2 Edn, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 384 (1996) @No $ @ @ Eleyinmi Afolabi F., Bressler D.C., Amoo,Isiaka A., Sporns P. and Oshodi Aladesanmi A., Chemical composition of  bitter cola (Garcinia kola) seed  and  ulls, Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 15 395 – 400 (2006) @No $ @ @ Braide V.B., Antispamodic extracts from seeds of Garcinia kola, Fitoterapia60(2) 123-129 (1989) @No $ @ @ Braide V.B.,Anti-inflammatory effect of kolaviron, a biflavonoid extract of Garcinia  kola, Fitoterapia, 64(5)433-436 (1993) @No $ @ @ Irvine F.R., Woody Plants of Ghana. With special reference to their uses, London Oxford University Press, 868 (1961) @No $ @ @ Adejumo O.E., Ayoola M.D., Kolapo A.L,. Orimoyegun 2 V.O. and Olatunji P.O., Antisickling activities of extracts of  leaf, seed and seed pod of Garcinia kola Heckel, African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 5(1) 48-52 (2011) @No $ @ @ Yemoa A.L., Gbenou J.D., Johnson R.C., Djego J.G., Zinsou C., Moudachirou M.,  Quetin-Leclercq J., Bigot A. and  Portaels F.,  Identification et étude phytochimique de plantes utilisées dans le traitement traditionnel de l’ulcère de Buruli au Bénin, Ethnopharmacologia, 42 1-8 (2008) @No $ @ @ Maâtaoui-Belabbes S. and Hilali S., Composition physico-chimique de jus de deux types de fruits de figuier de barbarie (Opuntia ficus indica) cultivé au Maroc, Reviews in Biology and Biotechnology, 3(2) 8-13 (2004) @No $ @ @ Leakey R.R.B., Potential for novel food products from agroforestry, Trees, Food Chemistry, 66, 1-14 (1999) @No $ @ @ Miranda I.,  Dosunmu and Ekarika C.J., Chemical evaluation of the nutritive value and changes in ascorbic acid content during storage of the fruit of ‘bitter kola’ (Garcinia kola), Food chemistry, 54 , 67-71 (1995) @No  
<#LINE#>The Effects of Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training on Obese Adults, Northwest Ethiopia<#LINE#>Belay@MengistieAlemayehu,R.C.@Reddy,SyamBabu@M.<#LINE#>59-66<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJRS-2012-385.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physical Education, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, INDIA @ Physical Education Department and Secretary of Sport Board, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, INDIA<#LINE#>17/10/2012<#LINE#>11/11/2012<#LINE#>  Obesity has reached epidemic proportion in both developed and developing countries in the world. Physical inactivity is a contributing factor for obesity epidemic. Studies have done to investigate the independent effect of aerobic and resistance exercise training on obesity. However, there are no sufficient evidences to explain the combined effect of aerobic and resistance exercise in a workout on obesity. The aim was to assess the effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training (CART) on weight control and body composition, blood and metabolic variables, muscle strength and cardio respiratory fitness in obese adults. We examined the 12 weeks combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on 30 obese Ethiopian adults (mean age 45.2±5.4). Baseline and after12 weeks training test included anthropometric, Body composition, fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol, blood pressure, VO2max and muscular strength (1RM) were done by using standard techniques. Incremental treadmill running test protocol and 1 RM were employed for VO2max and strength test. Data was analyzed by using SPSS statistical package software (version 16.0 for window). Paired sample T test was employed for pre and post test difference assessment. After 12 weeks trainingsignificant (p0.001) reduction was observed on body weight (6.1%), BMI (6.3%), body fat percentage (11.6%),Visceral fat(10.8%), systolic BP (1.97%), blood pressure, Fasting blood glucose (5.9%) and total cholesterol (4.3%). The intervention brought significant (p0.001) greater change on Skeletal muscle percentage (10.4%), VO2max (71.5%) and on 1RM (26.3 %,) from baseline. In conclusion, intervening CART in every training session brought significant improvement on weight loss and body fat control, Fasting Blood Glucose and Total cholesterol. Moreover, significant parallel improvement on cardio-respiratory and muscular strength fitness was resulted due to combined exercises intervention. Combining the two types of exercises in a session gives a chance the participants to enhance their aerobic and strength fitness simultaneously.  <#LINE#> @ @ World health organization. Global health risks: Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks, (2009) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, (2010) @No $ @ @ Kissebah A.H. and Krakower G.R., Regional adiposity and morbidity, Physiol Rev;74,  761-811 (1994) @No $ @ @ Inelmen E.M., Sergi G., et al., Can obesity be a risk factor in elderly people? Obes Rev., 4, 147-155 (2003) @No $ @ @ World health organization. Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption around the world (2004) @No $ @ @ Sarsan A., Ardic F., Ozgen M., Topuz O. and Sermez Y., The effects of aerobic and resistance exercises in obese women, Clin.Reh.,20,  773-782  (2006) @No $ @ @ Cutts R.R. and Burns S.P., Resistance and Aerobic Training Sequence Effects on Energy Consumption in Females, Int.J.Ex.Sci.,3(3), 143-149 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bruce R.A., Multi-stage treadmill test of maximal and sub maximal exercise. Exercise Testing and Training of apparently Health Individuals: A handbook for physicians (1972) @No $ @ @ Foster C. and Jackson A.S., et al., Generalized equations for predicting functional capacity from treadmill performance,  Am. Heart J.,107(6),  1229-1234  (1984) @No $ @ @ Pollock M.L., Foster C., et. al., Comparative analysis of physiologic responses to three different maximal graded exercise test protocols in healthy women,  Am. Heart J.,103(3), 363-373 (1982) @No $ @ @ Brzycki Matt, A Practical Approach to Strength Training, McGraw-Hill, 3rd edition, (1998) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary Sarika, Manpreet Kaur Kang and Sandhu J.S., The Effects of Aerobic Versus Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Fitness in Obese Sedentary Females, Asian J. Sp. Med., 1(4), 177-184 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bryner R.W., Ullrich I.H., Sauers J., et al., Effects of Resistance vs Aerobic Training Combined With an 800 Calorie Liquid Diet on Lean Body Mass and Resting Metabolic Rate, Journal of the Am.C.Nutri, 18(1), 115–121 (1999) @No $ @ @ Geliebter A., Maher M.M. and Gerace L., et al., Effects of strength or aerobic training on body composition, resting metabolic rate and peak oxygen consumption in obese dieting subjects, Am.J.C/in Nuir.,66, 557-63 (1997) @No $ @ @ Wallace M.B., Mills B.D. and Browning C.L., Effects of cross-training on markers of insulin resistance/ hyper insulinemia, Med.Sci.Spor.Exer., 29(9), 1170-5 (1997) @No  
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>On Introduction of New Classes of AG-groupoids<#LINE#>M.@Shah,Ahmad@I.,Ali@A.<#LINE#>67-70<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJRS-2012-302.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Mathematics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, PAKISTAN @ Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PAKISTAN<#LINE#>12/8/2012<#LINE#>8/9/2012<#LINE#>  We discover eight new subclasses of AG-groupoids namely; Type-1, Type-2, Left Type-3, Right Type-3, Type-3, Backward Type-4, Forward Type-4, and Type-4. We provide examples of each type to prove their existence. We also give their enumer-ation up to order 6 and prove some of their basic properties and relations with each other and with other known classes. <#LINE#> @ @ Kazim M.A. and Naseerudin M., On almost semigroups, Portugaliae Mathematica,36(1),  (1977) @No $ @ @ Cho J.R., Pusan Jezek J. and Kepka T., Praha, Paramedial Groupoids, Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal, 49(124), (1996)  Praha @No $ @ @ Stevanovic N. and Protic P.V., Abel-grassmann’s bands, Quasigroups and Related Systems, 11(1) 95–101 2004. @No $ @ @ Stevanovic N. and Protic P.V., Composition of Abel-Grassmann’s 3-bands, Novi Sad J. Math., 34(2), 175182 (2004) @No $ @ @ Shah M., A theoretical and computational investigations of AG-groups, PhD thesis, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, (2012) @No $ @ @ Shah M. and Ali A., Some structural properties of AG-group, International Mathematical Forum 6, 34, 1661–1667 (2011) @No $ @ @ Naseeruddin M., Some studies on almost semigroups and flocks, Ph.D Thesis, The Aligarh Muslim University, India, (1970) @No $ @ @ Mushtaq Q. and Yusuf S.M., On Locally Associative LA-semigroup, J. Nat. Sci. Math. Vol. XIX, No.1, 57–62 (1979) @No $ @ @ Shah M., Shah T. and A. Ali, On the cancellativity of AG-groupoids, International Mathematical Forum 6,  44, 2187–2194 (2011) @No $ @ @  Howie J.M., Fundamentals of Semigroup Theory, Clarendon Press, Oxford, (2003) @No $ @ @  Shah M., Ahmad I. and A. Ali, Discovery of new classes of AG-groupoids, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(11), 47-49 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mushtaq Q. and Yusuf S.M., On LA-semigroups, Alig. Bull. Math., 8(1), 65-70 (1978) @No $ @ @ Mushtaq Q. and Kamran M.S., On left almost groups, Proc. Pak. Acad. of Sciences, 33, 1–2 (1996) @No  
<#LINE#>An Overview on Research Trends in Remediation of Chromium<#LINE#>Madhavi@Vemula,AmbavaramVijayBhaskar@Reddy,KalluruGangadhara@Reddy,Madhavi@Gajulapalle,TollamaduguNagaVenkataKrishnaVara@Prasad<#LINE#>71-83<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJRS-2012-344.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Chemistry, S.V. University, Tirupati-517 502, AP, INDIA @ Department of Soil Science, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, AP, INDIA<#LINE#>13/9/2012<#LINE#>14/9/2012<#LINE#>  Chromium is one of the toxic heavy metals which needs ample attention in terms of soil and environmental degradation. Among the heavy metals and their toxicity, chromium toxicity was well studied by the researchers with the corresponding remedial measures. In the present review paper, the occurrence, transformation, in different environments and the possible and currently practicing remedial measures and the evaluation of their efficacy to minimize the toxic effects of chromium was thoroughly discussed. <#LINE#> @ @  Khezami L. and Capart R., Removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution by activated carbons: kinetic and equilibrium studies, J. Hazard. Mater.,123, 223-231 (2005) @No $ @ @ Eccles H., Treatment of metal-contaminated wastes: why select a biological process? Trends Biotechnol.,17, 462–465 (1999) @No $ @ @ Leung W.C., Wong M.F., Chua H., Lo W. and Leung C.K., Removal and recovery of heavy metals by bacteria isolated from activated sludge treating industrial efuents and municipal wastewater, Water Sci. 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Sorption characteristics, Industrial Engineering Chemical Research, 36, 2184–2189 (1997) @No $ @ @ Pandey B.D., Cote G. and Bauer D., Extraction of chromium (III) from spent tanning baths, Hydrometallurgy, 40, 343–357 (1996) @No $ @ @ Sapari N., Idris A. and Hisham N., Total removal of heavy metal from mixed plating rinse wastewater, Desalination,106(1–3), 419–422 (1996) @No $ @ @ Kabay N., Arda M., Saha B. and Streat M., Removal of Cr(VI) by solvent impregnated resins (SIR) containing aliquat 336, Reactive and Functional Polymers, 54(1–3), 103–115 (2003) @No $ @ @ Lin S.H. and Kiang C.D., Chromic acid recovery from waste acid solution by an ion exchange process: equilibrium and column ion exchange modeling, Chemical Engineering Journal, 92(1–3), 193–199 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sengupta A.K. and Kim L., Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. 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B: Environ.,62, 28–34 (2006) @No $ @ @ Yoona J., Shimb E., Baec S. and Jooa H., Application of immobilized nanotubular TiO2 electrode for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in water, J. Hazard. Mater., 161 (2–3), 1069–1074 (2009) @No $ @ @ Wang L., Wang N., Zhu L., Yu H. and Tang H., Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) over different TiO2 photocatalysts and the effects of dissolved organic species,J. Hazard. Mater.,152, 93–99 (2008) @No $ @ @ Basaldella El.I., Va´ zquez P.G., Iucolano F. and Caputo D., Chromium removal from water using LTA zeolites: effect of pH, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,313, 574–578, Biotechnology62, 569–573 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kent D.B., Davis J.A., Anderson L.C.D. and Rea B.A., Transport of chromium and selenium in a pristine sand and gravel aquifer: Role of adsorption processes, Water Resour. Res., 31, 1041–1050 (1995) @No $ @ @ Sharma D.C. and Forster C.F., Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by granular activated carbon, Water S.A., 22(2), 153–160 (1996) @No $ @ @ Selomulya C., Meeyoo V. and Amal R., Mechanisms of Cr(VI) removal from water by various types of activated carbons, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 74(2), 111–122 (1999) @No $ @ @ Karthikeyan T., Rajgopal S. and Miranda L.R., Chromium(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution by Hevea brasiliensis sawdust activated carbon, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 124(1–3), 192–199 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bishnoi N.R., Bajaj M., Sharma N. and Gupta A., Adsorption of Cr(VI) on activated rice husk carbon and activated alumina, Bioresour. Technol.,91(3), 305–307 (2003) @No $ @ @ Tang P., Lee C.K., Low K.S. and Zainal Z., Sorption of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) in aqueous solution by ethylenediamine modified rice hull, Environ. 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(FeCo)3Si–SiOx core–shell nanoparticles fabricated in the gas phase, Nanotechnology, 18, 065701 (2007) @No $ @ @ Singh Ritu, Misra Virendra and Singh R.P., Remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated soil by Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles (nZVI) entrapped in Calcium Alginate Beads2011 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Development IPCBEE, , (2011) @No $ @ @ Jo S., Lee J.Y., Kong S.H., Choi J. and Park J.W., Iron monosulphide as a scavenger for dissolved  hexavalent chromium and cadmium, Environmental Technology, 29, 975-983 (2008) @No $ @ @ Vemula Madhavi, Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, Kalluru Gangadhara Reddy and Gajulapalli Madhavi,A simple method for the determination of efficiency of stabilized Fe0 nanoparticles for detoxification of chromium (VI) in water, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research,  4(3), 1539-1545 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shujing Li, Tielong Li, Zongming Xiu and Zhaohui Jin, Reduction and immobilization of chromium(VI) by nano scale Fe0 particles supported on reproducible PAA/PVDF membrane, Journal of Environmental Monitoring,12, 1153–1158 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kanmani P., Aravind J. and Preston D., Remediation of chromium contaminants using bacteria, International journal of Science and technology, 9(1), 183-193 (2010) @No $ @ @ Liyuan Chai, Shunhong Huang, Zhihui Yang, Bing Peng, Yan Huang, Yuehui Chen, Cr (VI) remediation by indigenous  bacteria in soils contaminated by chromium-containing slag, Journal of  Hazardous materials, 167(1-3), 516-522 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ackerley D.F., Gonzalez C.F., Keyhan M., Blake II, R., Matin A., Mechanism of chromate reduction by the E. coli protein, NfsA, and the role of different chromate reductases in minimizing oxidative stress during chromate reduction, Environmental Microbiology, 6, 851–860 (2004) @No $ @ @ Appenroth K.J., Bischoff M.B., Gabrys H., Stoeckel J., Swartz H.M., Walczak T. and Winnefeld K., Kinetics of chromium (V) formation and reduction in fronds of the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza—a low frequency EPR study, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry,78, 235–242 (2000) @No $ @ @ Abubakr Alhasin, Stephen J. 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<#LINE#>Factors Affecting the Role of Human Resource Department in Private Healthcare Sector in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rehman Medical Institute (RMI)<#LINE#>Y.@RosmanMd.,F.A.@Shah,J.@Hussain,A.@Hussain<#LINE#>84-90<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJRS-2012-387.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Management and Human Resource Development, University Technology, MALAYSIA <#LINE#>20/10/2012<#LINE#>25/10/2012<#LINE#>  The role of Human Resource Management in healthcare sector and challenges it faces has always been an important area of research both in developed and developing countries. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of HR department in private healthcare sector in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan and to analyze the challenges/factors affecting the role of HR department. Being the largest private sector hospital in KPK the researchers have selected RMI as a case for this study. Data was collected through interviews from different levels of employees in RMI. Constant comparative method was used for analyzing the data. Results present that HR department plays the role of an administrative expert in RMI. The major internal factors include workload, top management interference, management style and organizational culture which negatively effect motivation, performance and morale of the employees. While small labour market, undue interference of government and other higher authorities and trade unions are the external factors that affect the role of HR department in RMI. All these external factors create difficulties for HR department to attract and retain the desired workforce. <#LINE#> @ @ Nasiripour A., Afshar Kazemi M. and Izadi A., Effect of Different HRM Policies on Potential of employee Productivity, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(16),  45-54 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ulrich D., A new mandate for Human Resources, USA, Harvard Business School (1998) @No $ @ @ Bahuguna P.C., Kumari P. and Srivastava S.K., Changing Face of Human Resource Management: A Strategic Partner in Business, Management and Labor Studeis, 39(4), 563-581 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mandip G., Green HRM: People Management Commitment to Environmental Sustainability, Res.J.Recent Sci, 1(1), 244-252 (2012) @No $ @ @ Singh G., Singh A., Singh A., Perception of Departmental Heads and Chief Executives towards Hospital HR Management Issues: A Comparison of Public and Private Hospitals in India, International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2(3) (2012) @No $ @ @  Naz A., Daraz U., Khan T., Khan W. and Hussain M., An Analytical Study of Patients  health Problems in Public Hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(5) (2012) @No $ @ @ Mangi R.A. 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@Research Article
<#LINE#>Application of Homotopy Analysis Method to SIR Epidemic Model<#LINE#>S.@Vahdati,KajaniM.@Tavassoli,M.@Ghasemi<#LINE#>91-96<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJRS-2012-377.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Mathematics, Khansar Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IRAN @ Department of Mathematics, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IRAN @ Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences,Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IRAN <#LINE#>12/10/2012<#LINE#>9/11/2012<#LINE#>  In this article, the problem of the spread of a non-fatal disease in a population which is assumed to have constant size over the period of the epidemic is considered. Mathematical modeling of the problem leads to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Homotopy analysis method is employed to solve this system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. <#LINE#> @ @ Liao S.J., The proposed homotopy analysis technique for the solution of nonlinear problems, Ph.D. Thesis, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, (1992) @No $ @ @ Liao S.J., A kind of linear invariance under homotopy and some simple applications of it in mechanics, Bericht Nr. 520. Institute fuer Sciffbau der Universitaet Hamburg, (1992) @No $ @ @ Liao S.J., Numerically solving nonlinear problems by the homotopy analysis method, Comput. Mech., 20, 530-540 (1997) @No $ @ @ Liao S.J., A kind of approximate solution technique which does not depend upon small parameters (II): an application in fluid mechanics, Int. J. Non-linear Mech., 32, 815-822 (1997) @No $ @ @ He J.H., Homotopy perturbation technique, Comput Methods Appl. Mech. Engng., 178, 257-262 (1999) @No $ @ @ He J.H., A coupling method of homotopy technique and perturbation technique for nonlinear problems, Int. J. Nonlinear Mech., 35(1), 37-43 (2000) @No $ @ @ Jordan D.W. and Smith P., Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations. third ed, Oxford University Press, (1999) @No $ @ @ Liao S.J., Homotopy Analysis Method: A New Analytical Technique for Nonlinear Problems, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul., 2(2) 95-100 (1997) @No $ @ @ Liao S.J., Beyond Perturbation: Introduction to Homotopy Analysis Method, Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, London/Boca Raton (2003) @No