@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Ecological Status of Cellanaradiata at Dwarka Coast, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>Bharatsinh@Gohil,Rahul@Kundu<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2012-082.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Life Sciences, Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar-364022, INDIA @ Department of Bio Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360005, INDIA <#LINE#>22/2/2012<#LINE#>19/3/2012<#LINE#>Marine ecosystem is known to be one of the richest amongst the entire living ecosystem.Coastal macrofaunal species are part of specific ecosystems assessing the condition of ecosystem, and considered asa useful indicator of threats to the diversity of coastal regions. Kathiawar Peninsula (Gujarat State, India) has a vast coastal line and the availability of varied types of substrate on this coastal line makes it a suitable place for rich biota.The present investigation was carried out to study the present ecological status of Cellanaradiata at Dwarka sea coast, Gujarat, India. C.radiatais a most dominating mollusk species that are found mostly on the upper and upper middle littoral zone of the rocky intertidal substratum. C.radiata was found to stick themselves on the vertical rocks of the pools and the creeks.  This helps them to move along the upcoming tidal water for food from water. As they are covered with a very hard and solid shell, fluctuation in physical condition hardly brings any change on their distribution. It was observed from the present investigation that the frequency values did not show any definite spatio-temporal trend at the sites. It was evident that no significant difference of the population abundance existed between the sites as well as among the seasons. <#LINE#> @ @ Appukuttan K.K., Trochus and Turbo fishery in Andaman’s,  Seafood Export J., 9(12), 21-25 (1977) @No $ @ @ Sarvaiya R.T., Many uses of Molluscs, Sci. Rep., 2, 278-280 (1988) @No $ @ @ Bhadja P. and Kundu R., Community structure and distribution pattern of intertidal macrofauna in few anthropogenically influenced rocky coasts, Ind. J. Geo-Mar Sc., in press (2011) @No $ @ @ Chapman M.G., Patterns of spatial and temporal variation of macrofauna under boulders in a sheltered boulder field, Austral Ecology, 27, 211-228 (2002) @No $ @ @ Crowe T.P. and A.J., Underwood, Differences in dispersal of an intertidal gastropod in two habitats: the need for and design of repeated experimental transplantation, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 237, 31-60 (1999) @No $ @ @ Grange K.R., Rough water as a spawning stimulus in some Trochid and Turbinid Gastropods, N. 2, Journal of Marine and Freshwater research, 10(I), 203-16 (1976) @No $ @ @ Glasby T.M., Surface composition and orientation interact to affect subtidalepibiota, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 248, 177-190 (2000) @No $ @ @ Jeffery C.J., Determination of abundance and distribution of an intertidal barnacle: settlement or post-settlement mortality, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 246, 291-305 (2003) @No $ @ @ Misra S., Studies on the biodiversity and the impact of anthropogenic pressure on the ecology and biology of certain intertidal macrofauna, Ph.D. Thesis, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India (2004) @No $ @ @ Misra S. and Kundu R., Seasonal variations in population dynamics of key intertidal mollusks at two contrasting locations, Aquatic Ecology, 39, 315-324 (2005) @No $ @ @ Newell R.C., Biology of intertidal animals, Elek Books, London, 555 (1970) @No $ @ @ Norton T.A., The Ecology of Rocky coasts (eds. Moore, P.G. and Seed, R.) Hodder and Stoughton, London, 7-21(1985) @No $ @ @ Patel N.D., Ecological on few invertebrate macrofauna of Narara Reef off Gulf of Kachchh, Ph.D. Thesis, Saurashtra University, Rajkot (2002) @No $ @ @ Prasad M.N. and Mansuri A.P., Population density of the Limpet, Cellanaradiata (Born) in polluted waters at Porbandar, West coast of India, Ind. J. Mar. Sci., 11, 180-181 (1982) @No $ @ @ Underwood, A.J. & M.G. Chapman Spatial analyses of intertidal assemblages on sheltered rocky shores, Australian Journal of Ecology, (23): 138-157, (1998a) @No $ @ @ Vaghela A., Bhadja P., Ramoliya J., Patel N. and Kundu R., Seasonal variations in the water quality, diversity and population ecology of intertidal macrofauna at an industrially influenced coast, Water Science and Technology, 61, 1505-1514 (2010) @No $ @ @ Vaghela A. and Kundu R., Spatiotemporal variations of hermit crab (crustacea :decapoda) inhabiting rocky shore along Saurashtra coast, western part of India, Ind. J. Geo-Mar Sc., in press, (2011) @No $ @ @ Yung A.M., Differential utilization of gastropod shells by three hermit crab species in North Inlet, South Carolina, U.S.A. Crustaceana (Suppl.) E. J. Brill. Leiden, , 49-51 (1979) @No
<#LINE#>Cytotoxicity of Leaves and Fruits of Solanum macrocarpon Linn (Solanaceae) against shrimp larvae (Artemia salina Leach)<#LINE#>T.V.@Dougnon,H.S.@Bankole,A.P.@Edorh,T.J.@Dougnon,J.R.@Klotoe,F.@Loko,M.@Boko<#LINE#>6-9<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2012-363.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Interfaculty Center of Formation and Research in Environment for the Sustainable @ Development, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP 1463 Cotonou, BENIN @ Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 2009 Cotonou, BENIN @ Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP 526 Cotonou, BENIN<#LINE#>3/10/2012<#LINE#>5/11/2012<#LINE#>Traditional leafy vegetables are these plants whose leaves or aerial parts have been integrated in a community’s culture for use as food over a long span of time. These vegetables are highly recommended due to their relatively high nutritional value compared to the introduced varieties, and are also important in food security. They are also used as medicines. This study aims to assess the potential cytotoxicity of S. macrocarpon, a vegetable highly used in Africa.After hatching shrimp larvae for 48 hours, they were brought into contact with aqueous dilutions of the leaves as well as fruit for 24 hours. The variation in larval mortality as a function of concentration has been translated by a curve and semi-lethal concentrations were determined. In addition, the values of the half-lethal concentration (LC50 = 1.33 mg / ml for leaves and 1.51 mg / ml for fruit) were all greater than 0.1 mg / ml, the upper limit of toxicity.It follows then that the leaves and fruits were not toxic on shrimp larvae for the range of explored concentrations. These parts of vegetable can therefore be used both in traditional medicine and nutrition without immediate or medium-term major risks. <#LINE#> @ @ Sinha N.K., Handbook of vegetables and vegetables processing, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, England, 788,(2011) @No $ @ @ Abbiw D.K., Diversity and traditional uses of African vegetables. In: Guarino L (Ed). Traditional African Vegetables: Proceedings of the IPGRI International Workshop on Genetic Resources of Traditional Vegetables in Africa, Conservation and Use. ICRAFHQ, Nairobi, Rome: Institute of Plant Genetic and Crop Plant Research: 29-30 (1997) @No $ @ @ Okafor J.C., Conservation and use of traditional vegetables from woody forest species in southeastern Nigeria. In: Guarino L (Ed), Traditional African Vegetables: Proceedings of the IPGRI International Workshop on Genetic Resources of Traditional Vegetables in Africa, Conservation and Use, ICRAF-HQ, Nairobi, Institute of Plant Genetic and Crop Plant Research, Rome, 31-38 (1997) @No $ @ @ Geissler P.W., Harris S.A., Prince R.J., Olsen A., Odhiambo R.A. and Oketch-Rabah H., Medicinal plants used by Luo mothers and children in Bondo District, Kenya, J. Ethnopharma,83, 39-54 (2002) @No $ @ @ Assogba-Komlan F. and Anihouvi P., Pratiques culturales et teneur en éléments anti nutritionnels (nitrates et pesticides) du Solanum macrocarpum au sud du Bénin, AFJAND, 7(4), 01 – 21 (2007) @No $ @ @ Dougnon T.V., Edorh P.A., Bankolé H.S., Dougnon T.J., Montcho S.A., Hounkpatin A., Gouissi M., Sossou B., Boko M. and Creppy E.E., Evaluation of the toxicological quality of the leaves of Solanum macrocarpum L. cultivated with the chicken’s droppings and water of marsh at Cotonou (Benin), Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology, 1(1), 001-006 (2012a) @No $ @ @ Sodipo O.A., Abdulrahman F.I., Alemika T.E. and Gulani I.A., Chemical composition and biological properties of the petroleum ether extract of Solanum macrocarpum L. (Local Name: Gorongo), British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2(2), 108-128 (2012) @No $ @ @ Olaniyi A.A., Ayim J.S.K., Ogundaini A.O. and Olugbade T.A., Essential inorganic and organic chemistry, Omoade Printing Press, Ibadan, Nigeria, 582 (1998) @No $ @ @ Dougnon T.V., BankoléH.S., KlotoéJ.R., DougnonG., Gbaguidi F., Assogba F., Gbénou J., SahidouS., AtègboJ-M., Rhin B., Loko F. and EdorhA.P., Phytochemical, nutritional and toxicological analyses of leaves and fruits of Solanum macrocarpon Linn (Solanaceae) in Cotonou (Benin), Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(12), 1595-1603 (2012b) @No $ @ @ Michael A.S., Thompson C.G. and Abramovitz M., Artemia salina as a test organism for a bioassay, Science, 123,  464 (1956) @No $ @ @ Vanhaecke P., Persoone G., Claus C. and Sorgeloos P., Proposal for a short-term toxicity test with  Artemia nauplii, Ecotoxicol Env Safety,5, 382-387 (1981) @No $ @ @ Sleet R.B. and Brendel K., Improved methods for harvesting and Counting synchronous populations of Artemia nauplii for use in developmental toxicology, Ecotoxicol Env Safety, 7, 435- 446 (1983) @No $ @ @ Solis P.N., Wright C.W., Anderson M.M., Gupta M.P., Phillipson J.D., A microwell cytotoxicity assay using Artemia salina. Plant Med., 59, 250-252 (1993) @No $ @ @ Abbott W.S., A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide, J. Econ. Entomol.,18, 265 (1925) @No $ @ @ Hafner E., Heiner E., Noack E. Arzn eim-Forsch., 27, 1871 (1977) @No $ @ @ Mousseux M., Test de toxicité sur les larves de Artemia salina et entretien d'un élevage de balanes, Rapport de stage de 2ème année. DEUST Aquaculture; Centre Universitaire de Nouvelle-Calédonie, France (1995) @No $ @ @ Quignard E.L., Pohlit A.M., Nunomura S.M., Pinto A.C., Santos E.V. and Morais S.K., Screening of plants found in Amazonas state for lethality towards brine shrimp, Acta Amazon., 33, 93-104 (2003) @No $ @ @ Parra A.L., Yhebra R.S., Sardinas I.G. and Buela L.I., Comparative study of the assay of Artemia salina L. and the estimate of the medium lethal dose (LD50 value) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity of plant extracts,Phytomedicine, 8, 395-400 (2001) @No $ @ @ Pelka M., Distler W., Petschelt A. and Dent J., A new screening test toxicity testing of dental materials, 28, 341-345 (2000) @No $ @ @ Carballo J.L., Hernández-Inda Z.L., Pérez P., García-Grávalos M.D., A comparison between two brine shrimp assays to detect in vitro cytotoxicity in marine natural products, BMC Biotechnology,  , 17 (2002) @No $ @ @ Anon B., The Useful Plants of India; CSIR: New Delhi, India (1986) @No $ @ @ Morton J., Tamarind In: Fruits of Warm Climates; Creative Resources Systems, Inc.: Miami, FL, USA, 115-121 (1987) @No $ @ @ Pamploma-Roger G.D., Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plants; Education and Health Library: Madrid, Spain, 2, 536 (1999) @No $ @ @ Nwodo U.U., Ngene A.A., Anaga A.O., Chigor V.N., Henrietta I.I., Okoh A.I. Acute toxicity and hepatotoxicokinetic studies of Tamarindus indica Extract, Molecules,16, 7415-7427 (2011) @No $ @ @ Adoum O.A., Determination of toxicity levels of some savannah plants using Brine Shrimp Test (BST) Bajopas, 2(1), 135-138 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ramos S.C.S., de Oliveira J.C.S., da Câmara C.A.G., Castelar I., Carvalho A.F.F.U, Lima-Filho J.V. Antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of some plant crude extracts used in Northeastern folk medicine, Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy,19(2A), 376-381 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rahmatullah M., Sadeak S.M.I., Bachar S.C., Hossain M.T., Mamun A. and Jahan N., Brine Shrimp Toxicity Study of Different Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants, Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 4(2), 163-173 (2010) @No $ @ @ Orech F.O., Akenga T., Ochora J., Friis H., AagaardHansen J., Potential toxicity of some traditional leafy vegetables consumed in Nyang’oma division, Western Kenya, African Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences, 5(1), 1-14 (2005) @No
<#LINE#>Sub-Holistic Hidden Markov Model for Face Recognition<#LINE#>Sharif@Muhammad,Shah@JamalHussain,Mohsin@Sajjad,Raza@Mudassar<#LINE#>10-14<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2012-373.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Computer Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Wah Cantt., 47040 PAKISTAN<#LINE#>10/10/2012<#LINE#>14/11/2012<#LINE#>In this paper, a face recognition technique “Sub-Holistic Hidden Markov Model” has been proposed. The technique divides the face image into three logical portions. The proposed technique, which is based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM), is then applied to these portions. The recognition process involves three steps i.e. pre-processing, template extraction and recognition. The experiments were conducted on images with different resolutions of the two standard databases (YALE and ORL) and the results were analyzed on the basis of recognition time and accuracy. The accuracy of proposed technique is also compared with SHPCA algorithm, which shows better recognition rates. <#LINE#> @ @ KanadeT., Picture processing by computer complex and recognition of human faces, doctoral dissertation, Kyoto University,  (1973) @No $ @ @ Levada A.L.M. Correa D.C., Salvadeo D., Saito J.H., Mascarenhas N., Novel approaches for face recognition: Template-matching using Dynamic Time Warping and LSTM neural network supervised classification, 15th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing, 241-244 (2008) @No $ @ @ Turk M. and Pentland A., Face recognition using eigenfaces Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recogn, 586-591 (1991) @No $ @ @ Matthew A. Turk and Alex P. Pentland, Face recognition using eigenfaces. Proc. CVPR, 586-591 IEEE, June (1991) @No $ @ @ Daniel L. Swets John Weng,Using Discriminant Eigenfeatures for Image Retrieval, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Volume 18, Issue 8 (1996) @No $ @ @ HuJ., Deng W.and GuoJ., 2D projective transformation based active shape model for facial feature location, IEEE Conference Proceedings, 2442-2446 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ara V. Nefian and Monson H., Hayes III, Hidden Markov Models for face recognition, IEEE International Conference on Acoustic Speech and Signal Processing (1998) @No $ @ @ Wang H. and Cao Y., An HMM-Based Face Recognition Model under Variable Pose in Videos,Chinese Conference on Pattern Recognition (CCPR), 1-7 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hu Y. and Liu B., Face Recognition Based on PLS and HMM,Chinese Conference on Pattern Recognition CCPR, 1-4 (2009) @No $ @ @ Takahashi Y. Tamamori A., Nankaku Y. and Tokuda K., Face recognition based on separable lattice 2-D HMM with state duration modeling, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), (2010) @No $ @ @ Chien J. and Liao C., Maximum Confidence Hidden Markov Modeling for Face Recognition, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 606-616 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kotropoulos C.L. Tefas A. and Pitas I., Frontal face authentication using discriminating grids with morphological feature vectors, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, , 14-26 (2000) @No $ @ @ Berretti S., Del Bimbo A. and Pala P., 3D Face Recognition Using Isogeodesic Stripes,IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 32, 2162-2177 (2010) @No $ @ @ Zaeri N., Feature extraction for 3D face recognition system,International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems (ICMCS), 1-4 (2011) @No $ @ @ Muhammad Almas Anjum, An Improved Face recognition using Image Resolution Reduction and Optimization of Feature vector PhD Thesis, College of E and ME Nust RawalPindi-Pakistan (2008) @No $ @ @ GernothT., Gooßen A.and GrigatR.R., Face recognition under pose variations using shape-adapted texture features, IEEE Conference Proceedings,4525-4528 (2010) @No $ @ @ Vu N.S.and CaplierA., Efficient statistical face recognition across pose using local binary patterns and gabor wavelets, IEEE Conference Proceedings, 1-5 (2009) @No $ @ @ HeoJ., Generic elastic models for 2d pose synthesis and face recognition, Ph. D. dissertation, CMU, (2009) @No $ @ @ PrabhuU.H. and SavvidesJ.M., Unconstrained Pose Invariant Face Recognition Using 3D Generic Elastic Models, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1-1 (2011) @No $ @ @ GrossR., Matthews I.and BakerS., Appearance-based face recognition and light-fields,IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 26, 449-465 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sharif M., Mohsin S. nd Javed M.Y., A Survey: Face Recognition Techniques, Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology,  , 4979-4990 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Organizations<#LINE#>Ch.@AkhtarShoaib,Zainab@Naseer,Haider@Maqsood,Sana@Rafiq<#LINE#>15-20<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJRS-2012-448.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Management and Human Resource Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MALAYSIA @ Faculty of Management Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad, PAKISTAN @ Department of Public Administration, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, PAKISTAN<#LINE#>12/12/2012<#LINE#>25/12/2012<#LINE#>Organizational culture and organizational commitment are the most extensively researched about concepts in management studies, yet the two concepts still remain elusive as ever. Modern day organizations find themselves in doldrums of raising the commitment levels of members by adopting values and norms that are reflected in their cultures suiting to the environment in which they operate. However, the problem of commitment still persists and proves to be a daunting task for the management to overcome. The present study is an attempt to investigate the effect of culture on the commitment levels of the employees by taking into account the demographic variables. A survey of 371 respondents was carried out in the banking sector and the results indicate that one of the cultural types that is clan culture is most preferred by the employees. The result also shows that clan culture has the most significant relationship with all the three commitment dimensions as compared to other types of culture. Similarly, using the demographic variable of gender, it was found that females were more inclined towards affective commitment within their organization as compared to their male counterparts. There was no difference for the continuance commitment, whereas males were highly inclined towards normative commitment as compared to females. <#LINE#> @ @ Allen N., and Meyer, J., The measurement and antecedents of affective, normative and continuance commitment to the organisation, J. Occ. Psy., 63, 1-18, (1990) @No $ @ @ Steyrer J., Schiffinger, M. and Lang, R., Organizational Commitment – A Missing Link between Leadership Behavior and Organizational Performance?, Scand. J. Mgt., 24 (4), 364-374, (2008) @No $ @ @ Anshu Y. and Arpana K. Corporate transformation through Leadership: Understanding Macro- Cultural Implications for Indian organizations, Res. J. Recent Sc., 1, 253-258, (2012) @No $ @ @ O'Reilly, C. and Chatman, J. A., Culture as Social Control: Corporations, Cults, and Commitment. In B. M. Staw and L. Cummings (Eds.), Res. Org. Beh., 18, 287-365, (1996) @No $ @ @ Cameron K.S. and Quinn, R. E., Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture: Based on the Competing Values Framework. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, (2006) @No $ @ @ Yiing L.H., and Ahmad, K. Z. B., The Moderating Effects of Organizational Culture on the Relationships Between Leadership Behavior and Organizational Commitment and between Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction and Performance, Lead. and Org. Dev. J., 30(1), 53–86, (2009) @No $ @ @ Williams E. S., Rondeau, K. V., and Francescutti, L. H., Impact of Culture on Commitment, Satisfaction, and Extra-Role Behaviors Among Canadian Physicians, Lead. Health Serv., 20(3), 147-158, (2007) @No $ @ @ Mowday R.T., Porter L.W. and Steers R.M., Employee-Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism and Turnover, New York: Academic Press, (1982) @No $ @ @ Hackett R.D., Lapierre L.M. and Hausdorf P.A., Understanding the Links Between Work Commitment Constructs, J. Voc. Beh., 58(3), 392–413 (2001) @No $ @ @ Nasiripour A., Afshar Kazemi M. and Izadi A., Effect of Different HRM Policies on Potential of employee Productivity, Res. J. Recent Sc., 1(6), 45-54 (2012) @No $ @ @ Satish B. and Sunil P., Study and Evaluation of user’s behavior in e-commerce Using Data Mining, Res. J. Recent Sc.,1, 375-387 (2012) @No $ @ @ Lok P. and Crawford J., Antecedents of Organizational Commitment and the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction, J. Manag. Psy., 16(8), 594-613 (2001) @No $ @ @ Yousef D.A., Organizational Commitment: A Mediator of the Relationships of Leadership Behavior with Job Satisfaction and Performance in a Non-Western Country, J. Mgrl. Psy., 15(1), 6-29, (2000) @No $ @ @ Taylor S., Levy O., Boyacigiller N.A. and Beechler S., Employee Commitment in MNCs: Impacts of Organizational Culture, HRM and Top Management Orientations, Int'l J. Human Res. Mgt., 19(4), 501-527 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jernigan I.E., Beggs J.M. and Kohut G.F., Dimensions of Work Satisfaction as Predictors of Commitment Type, J. Manag. Psy., 17(7), 565-567 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ali N. and Baloch Q.B., Predictors of Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention of Medical Representatives (An Empirical Evidence of Pakistani Companies), J. Mgl. Sci., 3(2), 262-273 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ali N., Mehmud S.T., Khan Z. and Baloch Q.B., Relationship between Organizational Commitment and Perceived Employees Performance, Interdisc. J. Cont. Res. Bus., 2(8), 225 (2009) @No $ @ @ Noor A., Examining Organizational Citizenship Behavior as the Outcome of Organizational Commitment: A Study of Universities' Teachers of Pakistan, Proceedings 2nd CBRC, (2009) @No $ @ @ Daft R.L., The Leadership Experience, 3rd ed., Thomson-Southwestern, Canada (2005) @No $ @ @ Schein E.H., Organizational Culture and Leadership, Third edition, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, (2004) @No $ @ @ Chung S. and Kamal H., CorporateCulture and Performance: A Study of Firms in Bahrain, Asian Review of Accounting, 9(1), 87-103 (2000) @No $ @ @ Berrio A.A., An Organizational Culture Assessment Using the Competing Values Framework: A profile of Ohio State University Extension, Extension Journal, (2003) @No $ @ @ Chan, A., Corporate Culture of a Clan Organization. Mgt. Dec., 35(2), 94-99, (1997) @No $ @ @ Cohen, D., When you call me that, smile!, How norms for politeness, interaction styles, and aggression work together in Southern culture, Soc. Psy. Quar., 62(3), 257–275 (1999) @No $ @ @ Indridason, T. and Wang, C. L., Commitment or Contract: What Drives Performance in Public Private Partnerships?, Bus. Strat., 9(2), 78-100 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tahere N., Zahra G.T., Fateme D. and Asma Y., Investigating the Effects of Job Experience, Satisfaction, and Motivation on Organizational Commitment Case Study: (The Nurses of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran), Res. J. Recent Sc.,1(7), 59-67 (2012) @No $ @ @ Brunetto Y. and Farr-Wharton R., The Commitment and Satisfaction of Lower Ranked Police Officers: Lessons for Management, Policing: Int'l J. Pol. Strat. Mgt, 26(1), 43-63(2003) @No $ @ @ Bhatti K.K., Nawab S. and Akbar A., Effect of Direct Participation on Organizational Commitment, J. Business Soc. Sc., 2(9), 15–23 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rajasekhar T. and Vijayasree K., Significance of Influence Strategies and Leadership Styles of Managerial Professionals, Res. J. Recent Sc.,1(5), 6-14 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sekaran U., Research Methods for Business (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, (2003) @No
<#LINE#>A Survey on Linear Algebraic Approaches for the Analysis of Petri Net based Models<#LINE#>Ahmad@Farooq,SherAfzal@Khan,Ilyas@Fakhir,YaserDaanial@Khan<#LINE#>21-28<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJRS-2012-432.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Information Technology, University of Central Punjab Lahore, PAKISTAN @ Department of Computer Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, PAKISTAN @ Department of Computer Science, GC University Lahore, PAKISTAN<#LINE#>28/11/2012<#LINE#>27/12/2012<#LINE#>Petri net (PN) as a graphical and mathematical formalism has extensively been used for the modeling, control and analysis of discrete event systems and it has been recognized as flexible modeling technique because it is well suited for modeling the multifarious constraints. This paper focuses on the recent developments in the area of linear algebraic techniques for the PN models for systems. Theoretical developments in the area of PN based applications in the design and analysis of the systems with the practical experiences are discussed and further identified the research trends in this area. The transitive matrix and the transition vectors based applications are also overviewed for the first time in the literature. <#LINE#> @ @ Nikhil D., Rajesh A., Vijay M., Sandeep K., Mohit, Satyapal, Pardeep K., Thermodynamics and the Design, Analysis and Improvement of a Combined Heat and Power System, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(3), 76-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ali B., Shahbazi S. and Vaezi S., Analysis of the Sampling in Quality Control Charts in non uniform Process by using a New Statistical Algorithm, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(8), 36-41 (2012) @No $ @ @ Fam D.F., Koh S.P., Tiong S.K. and Chong K.H., Qualitative Analysis of Stochastic Operations in Dual Axis Solar Tracking Environment, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(9), 74-78 (2012) @No $ @ @ Krishan K. and Aggarwal M.L., A Finite Element Approach for Analysis of a Multi Leaf Spring using CAE Tools, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(2), 92-96 (2012) @No $ @ @ Balamuralitharan S. and Rajasekaran S., Analysis of G-CSF Treatment of CN using Fast Fourier Transform, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(4), 14-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hrúz B. and Zhou M.C., Modeling and Control of Discrete-event Dynamic Systems: Advanced Textbooks in Control and Signal Processing,Springer-VerlagLondon Limited (2007) @No $ @ @ Jiao L., Huang H. and To-yat Cheung, , Handling resource sharing problem using property-preserving place fusions of Petri nets, Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers17, 365-387 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ahmad F., Khan S.A., Specification and verification of safety properties along a crossing region in a railway network control, Applied Mathematical Modeling, In Press, DOI:10.1016/j.apm.2012.10.047 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ahmad F., Huang H. J., and Wang X. L., Petri net modeling and deadlock analysis of parallel manufacturing processes with shared resources, Journal of Systems and Software,83, 675-688 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ahmad F., Huang H., Wang X-L., Analysis of the Petri net model of parallel manufacturing processes with shared resources, Information Sciences,181, 5249–5266 (2011) @No $ @ @ Murata T., Petri Nets: Properties, Analysis and Applications, Proceedings of the IEEE20(4),(1989) @No $ @ @ Desel J., Basic Linear Algebraic Techniques for Place/Transition Nets. In Lectures on Petri Nets I: Basic Models, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, W. Reisig and G. Rozenberg (Eds.)1491, 257-308 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ahmad F., Huang H.J. and Wang X.L., Verification of Petri net models based on transition vectors, In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. of ICMLC, 1542-1547 (2008) @No $ @ @ Best E., Structure Theory of Petri Nets: The Free Choice Hiatus, LNCS, Springer Verlag, 254, 168-205 (1987) @No $ @ @ Sifakis J., Structural Properties of Petri Nets, LNCS No. 64. Springer-Verlag, (1978) @No $ @ @ Murata T., State equation, controllability, and maximal matchings for Petri nets, IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. Ac-22(3), 412 - 416 (1977) @No $ @ @ Li Z.W. and Zhou M.C., Deadlock Resolution in Automated Manufacturing Systems: Advances in Industrial Control, Springer-Verlag London Limited (2009) @No $ @ @ Barkaoui K., Chaoui A. and Zouari B., Supervisory control of discrete event systems based on structure theory of Petri nets, Proc. IEEE Int Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Computational Cybernetics and Simulation, Conf, , 3750-3755 (1997) @No $ @ @ Amer-Yahia C., Zerhouni N., El-Moudni A., Ferney M., State equation and stability of a class of continuous Petri nets. Application to manufacturing lines Proc. INRIA/IEEE Symp Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation ETFA '95, , 313-321 (1995) @No $ @ @ Demongodin I., Caradec M., Prunet F., Fundamental concepts of analysis in batches Petri nets, Proc. IEEE Int Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Conf, , 845-850 (1998) @No $ @ @ Zurawski R., Verifying correctness of interfaces of design models of manufacturing systems using functional abstractions, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 44, 307-320 (1997) @No $ @ @ Ramachandran P.,  Kamath M., On place invariant sets and the rank of the incidence matrix of Petri nets, Proc. IEEE Int Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Conf, , 160-165 (1998) @No $ @ @ Miyazawa I., Kobayashi N., Sekiguchi T., The modeling and analyzing of sequential control systems using invariant properties of Petri net, Proc. IEEE IECON 22nd Int Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation Conf, , 451-456 (1996) @No $ @ @ Lu Y., Wei G., To-yat Cheung, A use case driven approach to synthesis and analysis of flexible manufacturing systems, Proc. IEEE Int Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Conf, , 2445-2450 (2001) @No $ @ @ Li L., Hadjicostis C.N. and Sreenivas R.S., Fault detection and identification in Petri net controllers, Proc. CDC Decision and Control 43rd IEEE Conf, , 5248-5253 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kezic D., Matic P. and Racic N., P-Invariant based Petri net traffic controller, Proc. 17th Mediterranean Conf. Control and Automation MED '09, 1096-1101 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ge J., Hu H. and Lu J., Invariant Analysis for the Task Refinement of Workflow Nets, Proc. Int Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation and Int. Conf. Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet Commerce Conf (2006) @No $ @ @ Dideban A., and Alla H., From forbidden state to linear constraints for the optimal supervisory control, Control Engineering and Applied Informatics (CEAI), 7(3), 48–55 (2005) @No $ @ @ Dotoli M., Fanti M.P., Mangini A.M. and Ukovich W., On-line fault diagnosis in a Petri Net framework Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Automation Science and Engineering CASE 2009,  42-47 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chen Y., Li Z., Khalgui M. and Mosbahi O., Design of a Maximally Permissive Liveness- Enforcing Petri Net Supervisor for Flexible Manufacturing Systems, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, , 374-393 (2011) @No $ @ @ Chao D.Y., Enumeration of lost states of a suboptimal control model of a well-known S3PR, IET Control Theory and Applications, , 1277-1286 (2011) @No $ @ @ Liu J., Itoh Y., Miyazawa I., Seikiguchi T., A Research on Petri nets Properties using Transitive matrix, Proceeding IEEE SMC 99, 888-893 (1999) @No $ @ @ Song Y.J. and Lee J.K., Analysis of Petri net models using transitive matrix, Proc. IEEE Int Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Conf, , 3122-3127 (2000) @No $ @ @ Lee J-K., Korbaa O.,  Scheduling analysis of FMS: An unfolding timed Petri nets approach,   Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 70, 419-432(2006) @No $ @ @   35.Lee J.K. and Korbaa O., Modeling and scheduling of ratio-driven FMS using unfolding time Petri nets,   Computers and Industrial Engineering,46(4), 639-653 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kim S., Lee S.,  Lee J., Deadlock Analysis of Petri Nets Based on the Resource Share Places Relationship, Proc. IMACS Multiconference Computational Engineering in Systems Applications, , 59-64 (2006) @No $ @ @ Li J., H.J. Huang F. Ahmad, Deadlock avoidance of a kind of JSP with multi-resources sharing,  In Proc. IEEE 11th Joint Conference on Information Science, 8th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Natural Computing, Atlantis Press (2008) @No $ @ @ Ahmad F., Petri net Analysis based on Transition Vectors, PhD Thesis of Harbin Institute of Technology, China (2009) @No
<#LINE#>The effect of Nanoliposomal and PE Gylated Nanoliposomal Forms of 6-Gingerol on Breast Cancer Cells<#LINE#>Khalili@Mojtaba,Akbarzadeh@Azim,Mohsen@Chiani,Torabi@Sepideh<#LINE#>29-33<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJRS-2012-470.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN @ Pilot Nanobiotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IRAN @ Department of Plant Breeding, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>29/12/2012<#LINE#>13/1/2013<#LINE#>This study has been devoted to preparing the nanoliposomal and PEGylated nanoliposomal forms of 6-gingerol and investigating their effect on MCF-7 cell line of breast cancer. The formulations of nanoliposomal and PEGylated nanoliposomal forms of 6-gingerol were prepared through reverse-phase evaporation method and using a defined proportion of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, 6-gingerol, dextrano-polyethylene glycol 2000 (for PEGylated nanoliposomal form). The encapsulation rate was measured by ultracentrifugation and the drug release rate within 48-hour interval was assessed using dialysis. The MTT assay was used to determine the effect of cytotoxicity rate of formulations on the growth of breast cancer cells, and the viability and IC50 values were calculated for both formulations using the Pharm program. The rate of drug encapsulation was obtained 85% and 92% for nanoliposomal and PEGylated nanoliposomal formulations, respectively. In addition, the diameter and surface potential values were obtained 345.5 nm and -24.5 mV for nanoliposomal formulation, and 310.4 nm and -8.54 mV for PEGylated nanoliposomal form, respectively. The IC50 value for nanoliposomal and PEGylated nanoliposomal forms was obtained to be 11 and 13 g/ml, respectively. Obtained results show that the PEGylated nanoliposomal form of 6-gingerol increases its cytotoxic effect and makes the drug release slower. Therefore, the use of PEGylated nanoliposomal form of 6-gingerol helps efficiently increase its therapeutic index and decrease its side effects in treatment of breast cancer.  <#LINE#> @ @ Vinay K., Abbas A.L., Fauston N., Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. 7th Ed., Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, (2005) @No $ @ @ Kasper D. L., Braunwald E., Fauci A.S., Hauser S.L., Longo D.L., Jameson J. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 16th Ed., New York, Vol.1 (2005) @No $ @ @ Mousavi S.M., Montazeri A., Mohagheghi M.A., Jarrahi A.M., Harirchi I., Breast Cancer in Iran: An Epidemiological Review, The Breast J., 13(4), 383–391 (2007) @No $ @ @ Almassi N.F., Akbari H., Madani H., Izadi B., Prevalence of Breast Cancer in Breast Sample Reports in Iran, 2001–2004, The Breast J., 13(5), 536 (2007) @No $ @ @ Behjati F., Atri M., Najmabadi H., Nouri K., Zamani M., Prognostic Value of Chromosome 1and 8 Copy Number in Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma among Iranian Women: An Interphase FISH Analysis, Pathol. Oncol. Res., 11(3),157-63 (2005) @No $ @ @ Azizi F., Hatami H., Janghorbani M., Epidemiology and control prevalent diseases in Iran, Eshtiagh publication, 201-205 (2002) @No $ @ @ Whysner J., Wang C.X., Hepatocellular iron accumulation and increased cell proliferation in polychlorinated biphenyl exposed Sprague–Dawley rats and the development of hepatocarcinogenesis, Toxicol. Sci., 62, 36–45 (2001) @No $ @ @ Efferth T., Benakis A., Romero M.R., Tomicic M., Rauh R., Steinbach D., Hafer R., Stamminger T., Oesch F., Kaina B., Marschall M., Enhancement of cytotoxicity of artemisinins toward cancer cells by ferrousiron, Free Radic. Biol. Med.,37, 998–1009 (2004) @No $ @ @ Singh N.P., Lai H., Artemisinin induces apoptosis in human cancer cells, Anticancer Res., 24, 2277–2280 (2004) @No $ @ @ Peng C.A., Ferreira J.F.S., Wood A.J., Direct analysis of Artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. using high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector, J Chromatogr A, 1133, 254–258 (2006) @No $ @ @ Reungpatthanapong, P., Mankhetkorn, S., Modulation of multidrug resistance by artemisinin, artesunate dihydroartemisinin in K562/adr and GLC/adr resistant cell lines, Biol.Pharmaceut Bulletin, 25, 1555–1561 (2002) @No $ @ @ Philips C., and Tsoukas C., Liposomal encapsulation of azidothymidine results in decreased hematopoietic toxicity and enhanced activity against murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Blood,76(5), 1137 - 1143 (1992) @No $ @ @ Sharma D., Chelvi T.P., Kaur J., Chakravorty K., De T.K., Maitra A., Ralhan R., Novel Taxol formulation: polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticle-encapsulated Taxol for drug delivery in cancer therapy, Oncol Res., 8, 281-286  (1996) @No $ @ @ Rosendahl, M., The risk of amenorrhoea after adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer is related to inter-individual variations in chemotherapy-induced leukocyte nadir in young patients: data from the randomised SBG 2000-1 study, Eur J Cancer, 45(18), 198-200 (2009) @No
<#LINE#>Ion Beam with General loss-cone Distribution Function on EMIC waves in Multi-Ions Magnetospheric Plasma<#LINE#>G.@Ahirwar<#LINE#>34-38<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJRS-2012-398.pdf<#LINE#>School of Studies in Physics, Vikram University, Ujjain-456010, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>23/10/2012<#LINE#>29/11/2012<#LINE#>Electromagnetic ion-cyclotron (EMIC) waves have been studied by single particle approach. The dispersion relation, growth rate of the electromagnetic ion-cyclotron waves in a low  (ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure), homogeneous plasma have been obtained. The wave is assumed to propagate parallel to the static magnetic field. The effect of general loss-cone distribution function on EMIC waves is to enhance the growth rate. The results are interpreted for the Saturn magnetosphere has been applied to the magnetosphere Saturn to the observations made by Cassini parameters appropriate to the magneto-plasma.  <#LINE#> @ @ Temerin M. and Lysak R.L., Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (ELF) waves generated by auroral electron precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 2849 (1984) @No $ @ @ Gustafsson G., Andre M., Matson L. and Koskinen H., On waves below the local proton gyrofrequency in auroral acceleration region, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 5889 (1990) @No $ @ @ Vaivads A., Andre M., Norqvist P., Oscarsson T., Ronnmark K., Blomberg L., Clemmons J.H. and Santolik O.,  Energy transport during O+ energization by ELF waves observed by the Freja satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 104,  2563 (1999) @No $ @ @ Gurnett D.A., Scarf F.L., Kurth W.S., Shaw R.R. and Poynter R.L., Determination of Jupiter's electron density profile from plasma wave observations, J. Geophys. Res.,86, 8199 (1981) @No $ @ @ Gurnett D.A., Kurth W. S., et. al., Radio and plasma wave observations at Saturn from Cassini’s approach and first orbit, Science, 307, 1255 (2005) @No $ @ @ Dawson J., On landau Damping, Phys. Fluids,, 869 (1961) @No $ @ @ Ahirwar G., Varma P. and Tiwari M. S., Beam effect on EMIC waves in presence of parallel electric field with different plasma densities by particle aspect approach, Ind. J. of Pure& Appl. Phys., 49, 385 (2011) @No $ @ @ Singhal R.P. and Tripathi A.K., Study of whistler mode instability in Saturn's magnetosphere, Annales Geophysicae, 24, 1705 (2006) @No
<#LINE#>Testing Goodness-of-Fit in Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving-Average Models with Conditional Hetroscedastic Errors of Unknown form<#LINE#>Amjad@Ali,Salahuddin@Alamgir@<#LINE#>39-43<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJRS-2012-443.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Statistics, Islamia College University Peshawar, PAKISTAN @ Department of Statistics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>8/12/2012<#LINE#>18/1/2013<#LINE#>This paper considers testing goodness-of-fit in Autoregressive fractionally integrated moving-average models with conditional hetroscedasticity. We extend the applicability of Hong’s and power transformed Hong’s test statistics as goodness-of-fit tests in ARFIMA-GARCH models, where the structural form of GARCH model is unknown. Simulation study is performed to assess the size and power performance of both tests. <#LINE#> @ @ Box G.E.P and Pierce D.A., Distribution of the residuals autocorrelations in autoregressive-integrated moving average time series models, JASA, 65(332), 1509-25 (1970) @No $ @ @ Davies N., Triggs C.M. and Newbold P. Significance levels of the Box-Pierce portmanteau statistics in finite samples, Biometrika, 64(3), 517-22 (1977) @No $ @ @ Ljung G.M. and Box GEP, On a measure of lack of fit in time series models, Biometrica, 65(2), 297-303 (1978) @No $ @ @ Ljung G.M., Diagnostic testing of univariate time series models, Biometrica, 73(3), 725-30 (1986) @No $ @ @ Hong Y., Consistent testing for serial correlation of unknown form, Econometrica, 837-864 (1996) @No $ @ @ Chen W. and Deo R.S., Power transformation to induce normality and their applications, Journal of Royal Statistical Society Series B Statistical Methodology,66, 117-130 (2004b) @No $ @ @ Hurst H., Long-term storage capacity of reservoirs, Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers,116, 770-799 (1951) @No $ @ @ Leland W., Taqqu M., Willinger W. and Wilson D., On the self-similar nature of Ethernet trafic (extended version), IEEE/ACM Trans. Network, 2(1), 1-15 (1994) @No $ @ @ Goodhart C.A.E., and M. O'Hara., High Frequency Data in Financial Markets: Issues and Applications,  Journal of Empirical Finance,, 73-114 (1997) @No $ @ @ Granger C.W.J. and Joyeux R., An Introduction to Long-Memory Time Series Models and Fractional Differencing, Journal of Time Series Analysis, , 15-29 (1980) @No $ @ @ Hosking J.R.M., Fractional differencing, Biometrika,68, 165–176  (1981) @No $ @ @ Baillie R.T., Chung C.F. and Tieslau M.A., Analysing ination by the fractionally integrated ARFIMAGARCH model, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11, 23-40 (1996) @No $ @ @ Hauser M.A. and Kunst R.M., Fractionally integrated models with ARCH errors: With an application to the Swiss 1-month euromarket interest rate, Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting,10, 95–113 (1998) @No $ @ @ Lien D. and Tse Y.K., Forecasting the Nikkei spot index with fractional cointegration, Journal of Forecasting,18, 259–273 (1999) @No $ @ @ Elek P. and Markus L., A long range dependent model with nonlinear innovations for simulating daily river ows, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,, 277–283 (2004) @No $ @ @ Koopman S.J., Oohs M. and Carnero M.A., Periodic seasonal Reg-ARFIMAGARCH models for daily electricity spot prices, Journal of the American Statistical Association,102, 16–27 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lumsdaine R.L. and Ng S., Testing for ARCH in the presence of a possibly misspecied conditional mean, Journal of Econometrics,93, 257–279 (1999) @No $ @ @ Chen W. and Deo R.S., A generalized portmanteau goodness of fit test for time series models, Econometric Theory,20, 619-654 (2004a) @No $ @ @ Delgado and Velasco, Distribution-free tests for time series model specification, Journal of Econometrics, 155, 128-137 (2007) @No $ @ @ Delgado M.A., Hidalgo J. and Velasco C., Distribution free goodness-of-t tests for linear processes, Annals of Statistics,33, 2568–2609 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hidalgo J. and Kreiss J.P., Bootstrap specication tests for linear covariance stationary processes, Journal of Econometrics,133, 807–839 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ling S. and Li W.K., On fractionally integrated autoregressive moving-average time series models with conditional heteroscedasticity, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 92, 1184–1194 (1997) @No $ @ @ Li G. and Li W.K., Least absolute deviation estimation for fractionally integrated autoregressive moving average time series models with conditional heteroscedasticity, Biometrika, 95, 399–414 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hong Y. and Lee Y.J., Consistent Testing for Serial Correlation of Unknown Form Under General Conditional Heteroskedasticity, Technical Report, Departments of Economics and Statistical Sciences, Cornell University, (2003) @No
<#LINE#>The Essence of Project Leadership is Significant to Project Management<#LINE#>Ahmed@Riaz,Azmi@Noor,Masood@MuhammadTahir<#LINE#>44-48<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJRS-2012-444.pdf<#LINE#>COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, PAKISTAN  @ Faculty of Management (FM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, MALAYSIA @Department of Leadership and Management Studies, National Defense University, Islamabad, PAKISTAN  <#LINE#>9/12/2012<#LINE#>1/1/2013<#LINE#>The objective of this research is to explore the significance of project leadership from literature which has been emerged as a child of leadership and management in last ten years. The motivation factor to conduct this study rise through fascinating observation revealed in literature that still there is limited research on project leadership in the field of project management even though calls have been made for more research on project leadership for more than one decade.  To determine the effect of project leadership performance on success or failure of project, understanding the differences between project leadership and project management becomes important. It perceived through literature review that the role of project leadership in coming years will be more fascinating, demanding and critical.  The role of professionals working on projects as manager, coordinator, and director is rapidly evolving from managing or directing to leading the projects who must possess essential skills and competencies of project leadership concept. Further research is suggested to consider project leadership in future.  <#LINE#> @ @ Cleland D.I., Leadership and the Project Management Body of Knowledge, International Journal of Project Management,13, 83-88 (1995) @No $ @ @ Nixon P., Harrington M. and Parker D., Leadership performance is significant to project success or failure: a critical analysis, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,61, 204-216 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pinto J.K. and Slevin D.P., Project success: definition and measurement techniques, Project Management Journal,19, 67-71 (1988) @No $ @ @ Kotter J.P., What Leaders Really Do, Harvard Bus Rev,68, 103-111 (1990a) @No $ @ @ Yang L.R., Huang C.F. and Wu K.S., The association among project manager's leadership style, teamwork and project success, International Journal of Project Management,29, 258-267 (2011) @No $ @ @ Turner J.R. and Muller R., The Project Manager’s Leadership Style as a Success Factor on Projects: A Literature Review, Project Management Journal,36, 49-61 (2005) @No $ @ @ Dulewicz V. and Higgs M., Assessing leadership styles and organisational context, Journal of Managerial Psychology,20, 105-123, (2005) @No $ @ @ Higgs M. and Rowland D., All changes great and small: Exploring approaches to change and its leadership, Journal of Change Management,, 121-151 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ahmed R., Azmi N., Masood M.T., Tahir M. and Ahmad M.S., What Does Project Leadership Really Do?, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research,(2013) @No $ @ @ Kotter J.P., The leadership factor,  (NY: Free Press, (1987) @No $ @ @ Bass B.M. and Stogdill R.M., Stogdill's Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of the Theory and Research,  (Free Press, (1981) @No $ @ @ Geoghegan L. and Dulewicz V., Do Project Managers’ Leadership Competencies Contribute to Project Success, Project Management Journal,39, 58-67, (2008) @No $ @ @ Kerzner H., In search of excellence in project management, Journal of Systems Management,38, 30-39 (1987) @No $ @ @ Anantatmula V.S., Project Manager Leadership Role in Improving Project Performance, Engineering Management Journal,22, 13-22 (2010) @No $ @ @ Keller R., Transformational leadership and the performance of research and development project groups, Journal of Management,18, 489-501 (1992) @No $ @ @ Fayol H., Administration Industrielle et Générale; Prévoyance, Organisation, Commandement, Coordination, Contrôle, (Paris, (1916) @No $ @ @ Mintzberg H., The manager’s job: Folklore and fact,Harvard Bus Rev,53, 100-110 (1975) @No $ @ @ Mintzberg H., Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc., San Francisco, (2009) @No $ @ @ Ika L. and Saint-Macary J., The Project Planning Myth in International Development, International Journal of Managing Projects in Business,, 1-34 (2012) @No $ @ @ Weinberg G.M., Dorset House Publishing, New York, (1986) @No $ @ @ Kloppenborg T.J., Shriberg A. and Venkatraman J., Project Leadership, 1-137 Management Concepts, (2003) @No $ @ @ Lunenburg F.C., Leadership versus Management: A Key Distinction — At Least in Theory, International journal of management, business and administration, 14, 1-4 (2011) @No $ @ @ House R.J. and Aditya R.N., The social scientific study of leadership: Quo vadis?, Journal of Management,23, 445-456 (1997) @No $ @ @ Shenhar A.J., Strategic Project Leadership Toward a strategic approach to project management, R and D Management, 34, 569-578 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kaulio M., Project leadership in multi-project settings: Findings from a critical incident study, International Journal of Project Management,26, 338-347 (2008) @No $ @ @ Gaddis P.O., The Project Manager, Harvard Bus Rev, 89-97 (1959) @No $ @ @ Kerzner H., Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling, Hoboken,  John Wiley and Sons (2006) @No $ @ @ Dvir D. and Lechler T., Plans are nothing, changing plans is everything: the impact of changes on project success, Research Policy,33, 1-15 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gray C. and Larson E.W., Project Management – The Managerial Process  McGraw-Hill, (2006) @No $ @ @ Mantel S.J.J., Meredith J.R., Shafer S.M. and Sutton M.M., Project Management in Practice,  (Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley and Sons (2011) @No $ @ @ Adams J.R. and Campbell B.W., Roles and responsibilities of the project manager, Principles of Project Management, 69-88 (1996) @No $ @ @ Blomquist T., Hällgren M., Nilsson A. and Söderholm A., Project-as-practice: in search of project management research that matters, Project Management Journal,41, 5-16 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bennis W.G., Good managers and good leaders, Across the Board,21, 7-11 (1984) @No $ @ @ Zaleznik A., Managers and leaders are different? Harvard Bus Rev., 74-81 (1977) @No $ @ @ Bennis W.G., Managing the dreem: Leadership in the 21st century, Journal of Organizational Change Management,(1989) @No $ @ @ Bennis W.G. and Nanus B., Leaders: The strategies for taking charge,  (HarperCollins, (2007) @No $ @ @ Senge P.M., The Leaders New Work - Building Learning Organizations, Sloan Manage Rev,32, 7-23 (1990) @No $ @ @ Strider W., Powerful Project Leadership, 1-238, Management Concepts (2002) @No $ @ @ Birkinshaw J., Hamel G. and Mol M.J., Management Innovation, Acad Manage Rev,33, 825-845 (2008) @No $ @ @ Curran C.S., Niedergassel B., Picker S. and Leker J., Project leadership skills in cooperative projects, Management Research News,32, 458-468 (2009) @No $ @ @ Vaccaro I.G., Jansen J.J.P., Van Den Bosch F.A.J. and Volberda H.W., Management Innovation and Leadership: The Moderating Role of Organizational Size, J Manage Stud,49, 28-51 (2012) @No $ @ @ Brown S.L. and Eisenhardt K.M., Competing on the Edge, Boston MA, (1998) @No $ @ @ Burghardt M., Projektmanagement, Publicis Kommunikationsagentur, (2002) @No $ @ @ Kolltveit B.J., Karlsen J.T. and Gonhaug K., Perspectives on project management, International journal of project management,25, 3-9 (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Database Reverse Engineering Methods: What is Missing?<#LINE#>Mian@NatashAli,SherAfzal@Khan,Zafar@NazirAhmad<#LINE#>49-58<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJRS-2012-454.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Information Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, PAKISTAN @ Department of Computer Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, PAKISTAN @ Department of Computer Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, SAUDI ARABIA <#LINE#>14/12/2012<#LINE#>28/1/2013<#LINE#>Database reverse engineering (DBRE) is a process of extracting requirements from a running system. The process is carried to understand the system having least design and architecture documentation.  DBRE is very beneficial when we are expanding our systems or shifting to a newer technology. Since its start, reverse engineering has given hard time to software engineers but researchers are doing a continuous effort to make the process more effective and efficient. Many frameworks and methods have been proposed in the literature; each has its inputs, limitations, assumptions and outputs. CASE tools have been developed by researchers and commercial companies, but no tool provides a complete set of features to reverse engineer a database to a conceptual schema, also a concrete formal model is missing. Few common problems arise while reverse engineering of any system using existing approaches. In this review paper we have analyzed different methods proposed in the literature, discussed their strengths and limitations. Major problems faced by the reverse engineers while using existing methods are identified and discussed. This paper will motivate the software engineers to develop a DBRE method which takes minimal set of inputs, applies least assumptions and generates better output with least or no human intervention. <#LINE#> @ @ Mian N.A. and Zafar N.A. , Key Analysis of Normalization Process using Formal Techniques in DBRE, Proc. of Second Intl. Conf. on Computer Engineering and Applications, ICCEA 2010, Bali, Indonesia (2010) @No $ @ @ Alhajj R. and Polat F., Database Reverse Engineering, Proc. Eighth Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering, Stuttgart, Germany, 335-344, (2001) @No $ @ @ Andersson M., Extracting an Entity Relationship schema from a relational database through reverse engineering, Lecture Notes In CS; 881 ,Proc. of Thirteenth Intl. Conf. on the Entity-Relationship Approach 403-419, (1994) @No $ @ @ Batini C., Ceri S., and Shamkant N., Conceptual Database Design-An Entity-Relationship Approach, Benjamin/ Cummings, (1992) @No $ @ @ Chiang R., Barron T. and Storey V., Reverse engineering of relational databases: Extraction of an EER model from a relational database, Data & Knowledge Engineering, 107–142, (1994) @No $ @ @ Chiang R., A knowledge-based system for performing reverse engineering of relational databases, Decision Support Systems 295–312, (1995) @No $ @ @ Hainaut J. L., Research in Database Engineering at the University of Namur, ACM SIGMOD Record archive, 32(4), 124 - 128, (2003) @No $ @ @ Johannesson P., A method for transforming relational schemas into conceptual schemas, Proc. of Tenth Intl.. Conf. on Data Engineering, Rusinkiewicz, 115–122, (1994) @No $ @ @ Yeh D. and Li Y., Extracting Entity Relationship Diagram from a Table-based Legacy Database, Proc. of Ninth European Conf. on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, CSMR 2005, 72- 79, (2005) @No $ @ @ Jesus L. D., Sousa P., Selection of Reverse Engineering Methods for Relational Databases, Proc. of Third European conf. on Soft. Maint. and Reengineering, 194-197, Amsterdam, Netherlands, (1999) @No $ @ @ Davis K. H. and Aiken P. H., Data reverse engineering: a historical survey, Proc. of Seventh Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering, 70–78, (2000) @No $ @ @ Embley D. W., Liddle S. W. and Lonsdale D. W., KBB: A Knowledge-Bundle Builder for Research Studies, Proc. of Twenty Eighth Intl. Conf. on Conceptual Modeling, Gramado, Brazil, (2009) @No $ @ @ Astrova I. and Stantic B., Reverse Engineering of Relational Databases to Ontologies: An Approach Based on an Analysis of HTML Forms, Proc. of Eighth European Conf. on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 73–78, (2004) @No $ @ @ Mens K. and Tourwe T., Reverse Engineering Aspectual Views using Formal Concept Analysis, CiteSeerX- Scientific Literature Digital Library and Search Engine, (2008) @No $ @ @ Ichise Y. and Ishida Y., Reverse Engineering of Spatial Patterns in Cellular Automata, Proc. of thirteenth Intl. Symp. on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, (2008) @No $ @ @ Cabot J., Gomez C., Planas E. and Rodriguez M. E., Reverse Engineering of OO Constructs in Object-Relational Database Schemas, JISBD 2008, (2008) @No $ @ @ Jilani M. A., Aziz A. and Hussain T., An Analysis of Extended Entity Relationship Constructs Extraction in Database Reverse Engineering Approaches, Science Intl. J., 20(4), 249-254, (2008) @No $ @ @ Lammari N., Wattiau I. C. and Akoka J., Extracting Generalization Hierarchies from Relational Databases: A Reverse Engineering Approach, Data and Knowledge Engineering, 63, 568-589, (2007) @No $ @ @ Mammar A. and Laleau R., From a B Formal Specification to an Executable Code: Application to the Relational Database Domain, Intl. J. of Information and Software Technology, 48(4), 253-279,  (2006) @No $ @ @ Abbasifard M. R., Rahgozar M., Bayati A. and Pournemati P., Using Automated Database Reverse Engineering for Database Integration, J. of World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology, 19, 1-17, (2006) @No $ @ @ Masoud F. A., Khattab H. T. and Karazoon M. A., University of Jordan Case Tool (Uj-Case-Tool) for Database Reverse Engineering, J. of World Academy of Science Engineering and Technology 9, 28-31, (2005) @No $ @ @ Ghalayini H. E., Odeh M., McClatchey R. and Solomonides T., Reverse Engineering Ontology to Conceptual Data Models, Proc. of IASTED Intl. Conf. on Databases and Applications, Part of the 23rd Multi-Conf. on Applied Informatics, Innsbruck, Austria, 222-227, (2005) @No $ @ @ Alhajj R., Extracting the Extended Entity Relationship Model for Legacy Relational Database, Intl. J. on Information Systems 28, 597-618, (2003) @No $ @ @ Datta S. B. and Gupta V.K., Performance Interoperability between RDBs and OODBs, Res. J.Recent Sci., 1 (ISC-2011) , 419-421, (2012) @No $ @ @ Benslimane S., Malki M. and Bouchiha D., Deriving Conceptual Schema from Domain Ontology: A Web Application Reverse Engineering Approach, Intl. Arab J. of IT, 7(2), 167-176, (2010) @No $ @ @ Raffat S.K., Siddiqui M.S., Siddiq M. and Shafiq F., Towards the Development of Web-based Ontology Development and Editing (WODE) Tool, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(12), 67-69, (2012) @No $ @ @ Trinkunas J. and Vasilecas O., Building Ontologies from Relational Databases Using Reverse Engineering Methods, Proc. of Intl. Conf. on Computer Systems and Technologies Section II, 6.1-6.6, (2007) @No $ @ @ Gupta D. and Gupta V.K., Approaches for Deadlock Detection and Deadlock Prevention for Distributed systems, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1 (ISC-2011), 422-425, (2012) @No $ @ @ Jitendra S. and Gupta V.K., Concurrency Issues of Distributed Advance Transaction Process, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1 (ISC-2011), 426-429, (2012) @No $ @ @ Neeraj S. and Swati L. S., Overview of Non-redundant Association Rule Mining, Res.J. Recent Sci., 1(2), 108-112, (2012) @No $ @ @ Pannurat N., Kerdprasop N. and Kerdprasop K., Database Reverse Engineering based on Association Rule Mining, Intl. J. of CS, 7(2), 10-15, (2010) @No $ @ @ 2.Georgieva, T.  Discovering branching and fractional dependencies in databases, J. of Data & Knowledge Engineering 66, 311–325, (2008) @No $ @ @ Wu A. H., Tan Z. J. and Wang W., Annotation based query answer over inconsistent database, J. of CS and Technology, 25 (3), 469-481, (2010) @No $ @ @ Soutou C., Relational Database Reverse Engineering: Algorithms to Extract Cardinality Constraints, Data and Knowledge Engineering, 28(2), 161-207, (1998) @No $ @ @ Cleve A.,  Henard J. and Hainaut J. L., Data Reverse Engineering using System Dependency Graphs, proc. of Thirteenth Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering, Benevento, 157 – 166, (2006) @No $ @ @ Blaha M. R., An Industrial Example of Database Reverse Engineering, Proc. of Sixth Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering, 196-202, (1999) @No $ @ @ Premerlani W J., Blaha M. R., An Approach for Reverse Engineering of Relational Databases., Proc. of Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering, (1993) @No $ @ @ Premerlani W J., Blaha M. R., An approach for reverse engineering of relational databases, Communications of the ACM, 37, (1994) @No $ @ @ Blaha M. R., Dimensions of Database Reverse Engineering, Proc. of Fourth Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering, 176-183, (1997) @No $ @ @ Moise D. L. and  Wong K., An Industrial Experience in Reverse Engineering, Proc. of tenth Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering, (2003) @No $ @ @ Baxter I. D. and  Mehlich M., Reverse Engineering is Reverse Forward Engineering, Proc. of Fourth Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering, The Netherlands, 104, (1997) @No $ @ @ Rugaber S., Shikano T., Stirewalt R. E. K. and Carroll L., Reverse Reverse-Engineering, Automated SE Conf., (2001) @No $ @ @ Chu W. C. C., Chang C. H. and Yang S. J. H, Application of the Software Maintenance Predicate/Transition Net (SMPrT-Net) to the Change Control Process of Maintenance, Intl. J. of Chinese Institute of Engineers, 23 (5), (2000) @No $ @ @ Rugaber S., Stirewalt K., Model-Driven Reverse Engineering, IEEE Software J., 21 (4), 45-53, (2004) @No $ @ @ Jahnke J. H., Schafer W. and Ztindorf A., Generic Fuzzy Reasoning Nets as a Basis for Reverse Engineering Relational Database Applications, Proc. of European Conf. on SE, (1997) @No $ @ @ Sneed H.M., An Incremental Approach to System Replacement and Integration, Proc. of Ninth European Conf. on Software Maintenance and Reengineering, (2005) @No $ @ @ Alalfi M.H., Cordy J. R. and Dean T. R., SQL2XMI: Reverse Engineering of UML-ER Diagrams from Relational Database Schemas, Proc. of Fifteenth Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering, 187-191, (2008) @No $ @ @ Chung C.Y., Gertz M. and Sundaresan N., Reverse Engineering for Web Data: From Visual to Semantic Structures, Proc. of Eighteenth Intl. Conf. on Data Engineering, (2002) @No $ @ @ Santoso H. A., Haw S. C. and Mehdi Z. T. A., Ontology extraction from relational database: Concept hierarchy as background knowledge, J. of Knowledge-Based Systems, 24, 457–464, (2010) @No $ @ @ Sousaa P., Jesus L. P., Pereira G. and Abreu F. B., Clustering relations into abstract ER schemas for database reverse engineering, J. of Science of Computer Programming 45, 137 – 153, (2002) @No $ @ @ Perez J., Ramos I., Anaya V., Cubel J. M., Dominguez  F., Boronat A. and Carsi J. A., Data Reverse Engineering of Legacy Databases to Object Oriented Conceptual Schemas, Electronic Notes in Theoretical CS,  74(4), Elsevier Science, (2002) @No $ @ @ Angyal L., Lengyel L. and Charaf H., An Overview of the State-of-The-Art Reverse Engineering Techniques, Proc. of Seventh Intl. Symp. of Hungarian Researchers on Computational Intelligence, 507-516, Hungary, (2006) @No $ @ @ Henrard J., Hick J. M., Thiran P. and Hainaut J. L., Strategies for Data Reengineering, Proc. of Ninth Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering , 211-220, (2002) @No $ @ @ Muller H. A., Jahnke J. H., Smith D. B., Storey M. A., Tilley S. R. and Wong K., Reverse engineering: A Roadmap, Proc. of Conf. on Future of SE, 47-60, (2000) @No $ @ @ Ali M. R., Why Teach Reverse Engineering ?, ACM SIGSOFT SE Notes, 30 (5), 1-4, (2005) @No $ @ @ Canfora G. and Penta M.D., New Frontiers of Reverse Engineering, Proc. of Intl. Conf. on Future of SE, (2007) @No $ @ @ Khan, S. A. and Zafar N. A., Promotion of local to global operation in train control system. J. of Digital Information Management, 5(4), 231, (2007) @No $ @ @ F. M and Khan S. A., Specification and Verification of Safety Properties along a Crossing Region in a Railway Network Control. Applied Mathematical Modelling J.,  10.1016/j.apm.2012.10.047, (2012) @No $ @ @ Zafar N. A., and Khan S. A., Towards the safety properties of moving block railway interlocking system. Int. J. Innov. Comput., Info & Control, (2012) @No $ @ @ Khan, S. A. and Zafar. N. A., Improving moving block railway system using fuzzy multi-agent specification language. Int. J. Innov. Computing, Inform. Control, 7(7), (2011) @No $ @ @ Mian N. A., Hussain T., Database Reverse Engineering Tools, Proc. of Seventh WSEAS Intl. Conf. on SE, Parallel and Distributed Systems (SEPADS ‘08) University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, (2008) @No $ @ @ Markowitz V. and Makowsk J., Identifying extended entity relationship object structures in relational schemas, IEEE Transactions on SE, (1990) @No $ @ @ Petit J. M., Toumani F., Boulicaut J.F., and Kouloumdjian J., Towards the reverse engineering of Denormalized Relational Databases, Proc. of Twelfth Intl. Conf. on Data Engineering, USA, (1996) @No $ @ @ Signore O., Loffredo M., Gregori M., and Cima M., Using procedural patterns in abstracting relational schemata, Proc. of thirteenth Intl. Conf. on Entity-Relationship Approach, LNCS, 881 (1994) @No $ @ @ Mfourga N., Extracting Entity-Relationship Schemas from Relational Databases A Form-driven Approach, Proc. of Fourth Working Conf. on Reverse Engineering, 184 (1997) @No 
<#LINE#>Pakistan's Export Demand Income and Price Elasticity Estimates: Reconsidering the Evidence<#LINE#>Saleem@Khan,Sajjad@AhmadKhan,Khair@-UZ-Zaman<#LINE#>59-62<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJRS-2013-009.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Economics, Gomal University D.I.Khan, KPK, PAKISTAN @ Department of Statistics, Islamia College University Peshawar, KPK, PAKISTAN @ COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Malsi Road, Off Multan Road Vehari,, PAKISTAN<#LINE#>9/1/2013<#LINE#>20/2/2013<#LINE#>In this article, basic export demand determinants are reconsidered for Pakistan. There are empirical studies on Pakistan’s export demand, however, ignore to calculate for export weighted foreign income and relative export prices taking a large number of trading partners, which is important due to high involvement of the country with utmost trading partners for accurate elasticity estimate. To communicate the issue, we in this paper estimated the export model with two regressors, real effective exchange rate and real foreign income. The empirical finding depicts that there is co-integration among the variables but the export model is functionally weak having two conventional determinants for the year of 1981 to 2010. Instead, the analysis indicates an important role for the average foreign income and insignificant for real exchange rate. <#LINE#> @ @ Houthakker H.S. and Magee S.P., ‘Income and Price Elasticities in World Trade’, Review of Economics and Statistics,41, 111-125 (1969) @No $ @ @ Khan M.S., Import and Export Demand in Developing Countries, IMF StaffPaper,21, 678-693 (1974) @No $ @ @ Goldstein M. and Khan M.S., The Supply and Demand for Exports: A Simultaneous Approach, the Review of Economics and Statistics,60(2), 275-286 (1974) @No $ @ @ Senhadji A.S. and C.E. Montenegro, Time Series Analysis of Export Demand Equations: A Cross Country Analysis, IMF Staff Papers,46(3), 259-273 (1999) @No $ @ @ Hassan M.A. and Khan A.H., Impact of Devaluation on Pakistan’s External Trade: An Econometric Approach the Pakistan Development Review, 33, 1205-1215 (1994) @No $ @ @ Afzal M., Estimating Long Run Trade Elasticities in Pakistan- Co-integration Approach, the Pakistan Development Review, 43(4), 757-770 (2004) @No $ @ @ Afzal M., Demand and Supply of Exports in Pakistan – A Disequilibrium Model, The Lahore Journal of Economics,10(1)(summer), 49-64 (2005) @No $ @ @ Aftab Z. and Aurangzeb, The Long Run and Short Run Impact of Exchange Rate Devaluation on Pakistan’s Trade Performance, the Pakistan Development Review, 41(3), 277-286 (2002) @No $ @ @ Atique Z. and Ahmed M.H., The Supply and Demand for Exports of Pakistan: the Polynomial Distributed Lag Model Approach, The PakistanDevelopment Review, 42(4), 961-972 (2003) @No $ @ @ Felipe J., McCombie J.S.L. and Naqvi K., Is Pakistan’s Growth Balance of Payments Constraint Policies and Implications for Development and Growth, Oxford Development Studies,38(4), 477-496 (2010) @No $ @ @ Akhter S and F. Malik, Pakistan’s Trade Performance vis-à-vis Its Major Trading Partners, the Pakistan Development Review, 39, 37-50 (2000) @No $ @ @ Haider J., Afzal M and Farah R., Estimation of Import and Export Demand Functions Using Bilateral Trade Data: The Case of Pakistan, Business andEconomics Horizons,6(3), 40-53 (2011) @No $ @ @ Government of Pakistan, Economic Survey (various issues), Islamabad, Ministry of Finance, Economic Advisory Wing, (2012) @No $ @ @ State Bank of Pakistan, ‘A Handbook of Statistics, October 2010’, Karachi, Pakistan, (www.sbp.org.pk) (2010) @No $ @ @ World Bank, ‘World Development Indicators and Global Development Finance’, Online; www.databank.worldbank.org(2012) @No $ @ @ Dickey D.A and Fuller W.A., Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root, Econometrica,49(4), 1057-1072 (1981) @No $ @ @ Phillips P. and Peron P., Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression, Biometrika,75, 335-346 (1988) @No $ @ @ Pesaran M.H., Shin Y. and J.S.R., Bound Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationship, Journal of Applied Econometrics,16, 289-326 (2001) @No
<#LINE#>Death Rock in Masnavi Benchmark<#LINE#>Pouralkhas@Shokrollah<#LINE#>63-67<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJRS-2013-055.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, IRAN<#LINE#>15/2/2013<#LINE#>19/3/2013<#LINE#>Death is a natural event that would sooner or later comes to everyone, and there is no escape from it. But what makes a person worried that it is his destiny after death. Throughout the human life this issue has attracted the minds of all thinkers and intellectuals and mystics and each one according to knowledge, have expressed their opinions. Undoubtedly Rumi that is mystic reached to the right according to exalted thoughts and deep understanding of divine knowledge and his feel responsibility for community and guidance people could not to ignore this important issue and not to express his opinions and peoples to leave in the desert of doubt and ignorance This prompted us to until we review the noble Masnavi and explained that written on it. Rumi's thoughts and ideas we explore during his education at the heart of the parables and stories in the paper provide after meditation and contemplation. What was the result of the Masnavi Sharif, reading books,it is Maulana says Death is curtailment of the world, mercy right autumn plant human ladder to reach the roof of the beloved, along Life rebirth, separation of selfishness and arrogance, view the real world, reaching God and degree survival after death and meeting with God He knows two kinds of death: Natural death and compulsory and voluntary death Rumi knows best and premiere optional death and believes human according to his knowledge of the world of existence and the discovery of the fact that for world of existence is a moderator that and human is responsible for his actions and the nature and appearances is transient and has no value for escrow heart and at the time of death equal all people; and kill their all human traits and does not consider the dog breath and is born again and embracing the bride's death amorously<#LINE#> @ @ Aljrjany Sayyid al-Sharif A., Situation Hvashyh and Fharsh Mohammed Basel Uyun Alsvd, Dar Alktb Allmyh, Altbh Alsanyh, Beirut, (1424) @No $ @ @ Althanvy Mohammad ALA bin Ali, Kashaf, Terms Alfnvn, Dar Sader issued, Bita; Bycha, Beirut, (1997) @No $ @ @ Ashtiani Seyed Jalal al-Din, described Kaiser's premise, Qom Gardens Books, fifth edition, Qom, (2001) @No $ @ @ Dashti M., Nahjolbalaghe, Cultural Institute publication Zohd, second edition, (2000) @No $ @ @ Rumi Jalaluddin Mohammad Balkhi Full text Masnavi, the correction Nicholson, Tehran: Publication of research, (1988) @No $ @ @ Shahidi S.J., Mathnawi Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publishing Company, (2001) @No $ @ @ Schimmel A.M., full of ideas and works of Rumi, translated by qualified, Tehran: Publications and cultural practices, (1996) @No $ @ @ Forozanfar B., Mathnawi Sharif (three volumes), Tehran: Publication of pilgrims, (2004) @No $ @ @ Sepahsalar A.F., Jalaluddin Rumi Zndgynamh, Tehran, Iqbal published, (1999) @No $ @ @ Homaee J., A Molavi (Rumi who says?) (2 volumes), Qom Publishing Institute Homa, (1997) @No $ @ @ Tadaion A., Maulana Shams Organon, Tehran: Tehran Press, (1997) @No $ @ @ Ardebili E., Vlvy tip (a description Masnavi), the dedication and introduction calligrapher Ahmed, Ardabil: Daily Press, (1998) @No $ @ @ Akbar V., As Mevlana Rumi, to the effort. Miles Heravi, Tehran: Publication drops, Vol. 1, 3 and 4, (2004) @No $ @ @ Jafari M.T., Rumi and Jhanbynyha (in schools in East and West), Tehran: Beast, (1978) @No $ @ @ Hakimi M., The School of Rumi (Masnavi Browse), Tehran: Stylus Publishing, (2000) @No $ @ @ Zarrinkub A.H., Step up to meet God (about the life, thought and conduct Rumi), Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publisher, (1998) @No $ @ @ Zarrinkub A.H., The sea in the sea (Comment on stories and parables Mevlana), Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publisher, (1987) @No $ @ @ Mevlana M., Broken ladders (descriptive and analytical description of the first and second book), Tehran: Word Publishing, (2003) @No $ @ @ Zamani K., A comprehensive description of the Masnavi (the third book), Tehran: Publication of information, (1999) @No $ @ @ Fyz kashany M., mystic Mevlana, the corrected MM Ansari, Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications, (2000) @No $ @ @ Goharin S., Mevlana Jalaluddin Mohammad Hossein Balkhi vocabulary and phrases, Tehran: Publication of pilgrims, (1983) @No $ @ @ Sultan S., Vldnamh, Lady Homaee effort to correct Jalaluddin Homaee, Qom same publishing firm, (1997) @No $ @ @ Hashemi J., Soroush message (School of Rumi and modern psychology), Tehran: Publishing Corporation, (2010) @No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Estimation of Levetiracetam in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form with a Newly Developed and Validated RP-HPLC Method<#LINE#>Usman@Muhammad,Bibi@Hafsa,Khalil@MuhammadTariq,Hussain@Altaf,Aisha@Siddiqua,Iqbal@Javeid<#LINE#>68-70<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJRS-2012-449.pdf<#LINE#>Mohi Ud Din Islamic Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, PAKISTAN @ Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, PAKISTAN @ PIMS, Islamabad, PAKISTAN @ Faculty of Pharmacy; Hamdard University, Karachi, PAKISTAN <#LINE#>13/12/2012<#LINE#>3/1/2013<#LINE#>A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of Levetiracetam in bulk and tablets dosage forms. The separation was achieved on C18 analytical column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5.0 µm) using acetonitrile and distilled water in the ratio 80:20 v/v as mobile phase and at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was carried out using a UV detector at 210nm. The total chromatographic analysis time per sample was about 5.0min with Levetiracetam eluting at retention time of about 3.5min. The method is accurate (99.51% - 100.45%), and the standard curve was linear over the concentration range of 25-150µg/mL with R2 close to one (0.999) and Y-intercept of 0.022. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of Quantitation (LOQ) obtained for Levetiracetam were 0.01µg/mL and 0.09µg/mL, respectively. The high recovery and low relative standard deviation confirm the suitability of the proposed method for the determination of Levetiracetam in tablets dosage form. <#LINE#> @ @ Tripathi K.D., Essential of Medical Pharmacology, 6th ed., 410 (2010) @No $ @ @ The Merck Index, 13th Edn., Merck and Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, 978 (2001) @No $ @ @ Farooq M.U., Bhatt A., Majid A., Gupta R., Khasnis A., Kassab M.Y., Levetiracetam for managing neurologic and psychiatric disorders, Am J Health Syst Pharm, (66)6, 541–61 (2009) @No $ @ @ ICH, Q2 (A), Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology International Conference on Harmonization. Geneva, 1- 13 (2005) @No $ @ @ International Conference on Harmonization, Guideline on Validation of Analytical Procedure-Methodology, Geneva, Switzerland (1996) @No
<#LINE#>A Study of the Southern Border of Iran<#LINE#>Kalhor@Mohammadtaghi<#LINE#>71-73<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJRS-2013-035.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Political Sciences, Ashtian Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashtian, IRAN<#LINE#>31/1/2013<#LINE#>8/2/2013<#LINE#>This area is now the focus of world attention, the geographic center of the region between Europe, Africa and South Asia and Southeast Asia. The semi-closed by the Strait of Hormuz, the world's largest marine communication and traffic of ships in international waters is possible. More than 66% oil and 40% of world gas resources in the Gulf (Persian Gulf) is used. Despite the oil-rich countries in the region and their national interests and try to make some activities cooperatively in the region and to expand it further in the region, it seems that Iran and other countries of the Persian Gulf on the southern border of the national interests of their own will have some disputes in this regard. Lack of security and stability in the region, even for short can challenge the interests of industrial countries. It can be said that interest and foreign exchange and financial causes for many countries in the region also had a vital dependence of the economy on oil revenues and the water <#LINE#> @ @ Jafari Voldan A., Focus on the crisis in the Persian Gulf, Tehran: Universe Publishing, 27 (1992) @No $ @ @ Jafari Voldan A., Iraq's relations with Kuwait, Tehran: Office for International Political Studies, 20 (1996) @No $ @ @ Keohanetin R., Institutional Theory and the Realist Challenge after the Gold War, Individ Badwin, Nearalismand Neo liberalism, New York Colombia University, Press, University Press (1999) @No $ @ @ Badie B., Political Development, Tans, Ahmed Naguib was born in Tehran: Publication Ghomes, 15 (1997) @No $ @ @ Wpye l., Aspects of political Development, Boston: little Brown, 45-48 (1966) @No $ @ @ Hantington S.P., Political Order in Changing Societies, New Haven and London: Yale, 98 (1968) @No $ @ @ Larsson T. and Skidmore D., Sysasy International Economics. Translator Ahmad Saedi, Mehdi Taghavi, Tehran Ghomes publication, 376 (1997) @No $ @ @ Khalegh A., System in the Persian Gulf region, Trans, Mojtaba Ferdowsi University, 12 (1994) @No $ @ @ Labrvs H. Vkanal Persian Gulf of Suez, Vtlkhys Mahmoud Trans, Khajenuri, Tehran: Tehran University, Center for International Studies, 22 (1973) @No $ @ @ Yarjany J., Views of the Iranian Oil Ministry's relations with Persian Gulf Oil. Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on the Persian Gulf, - Persian date Azar (1994) @No $ @ @ Sir, A. Within View of the Cooperation Between the Countries of the Persian Gulf. Whole Proceedings Fifth Conference on the Persian Gulf. Persian date Azar, 20(1994) @No $ @ @ aikal A., The Rise and Fall of the Shah, USA: Princeton University Press, 120-131 (1980) @No $ @ @ Divine H., Persian Gulf and its problems, Tehran: Cultural and Publishing Co. Thoughts, 238 (1989) @No $ @ @ Asadi B., The interests and strategies of power in the Persian Gulf: 68-1357, Tehran Shahid Beheshti University, 27 (1992) @No $ @ @ UNESCO Publication Message, 20 (1994) @No $ @ @ Shimonpress, The New Middle Fast, New York: Henry Holt press, 123-127 (1993) @No $ @ @ GH, prayer. Water Crisis in the Middle East. Tehran: Center for Scientific Research and Strategic Studies. 79 (1999) @No $ @ @ Theodore T. and Nvgt J., Bahrain and the Persian Gulf. Humayun translated God, Tehran: Publication Ghomes, 81-105 (1990) @No $ @ @ Message UNESCO Publication, Tehran, in Persian Date Farvardin, 103 (1994) @No $ @ @ Brandt W. Armed world - the World's Hungry. Translation Poor Humayun Hormuz, Tehran: Publishing Education Islamic Revolution, Third edition, 134 (1991) @No $ @ @ Abdul Nasser, S. Environmental Hazards and their Impact on the Aquatic Ecosystem of the Persian Gulf. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on the Persian Gulf (1998) @No $ @ @ Science and technology in the Service of Understanding and Sustainable Human Development - the Persian Gulf region, Proceedings of Seminar on Persian Gulf Pnchmyn, 20 (1994) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>DOORS: A Novel Social Intelligent and Philanthropical Social Network<#LINE#>Waqas@Haider,Muhammad@Sharif,Ahmed@KhanIzhar,Umar@Zia,Habib@KhanKamran,Jawad@Ali<#LINE#>74-77<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJRS-2012-412.pdf<#LINE#> Computer Science Department COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Wah Cant, PAKISTAN<#LINE#>6/11/2012<#LINE#>17/12/2012<#LINE#>Understanding user’s requirements with knowledge extraction mechanisms from stored related data of the user, plays an important role for the orientation of fast real help providing social network. In this project a new method is proposed in which the request and location of the social network’s member is identified first then according to the request as (job, food, shelter, health, finance, education etc), the nearest provider is identified and then informing the nearest provider. The mechanism proposed in this project could be helpful for under develop countries especially in Pakistan where no one knows exactly who has needs and who is provider, although we have reliable communication networks and social IT applications. Therefore in this project during prototype realization , the providers (Individual, Gov Department, NGO, Hospital etc) and seekers (Individual, company etc ) will be registered at same place than any player in the social network when request something , the proposed nearest provider search and intimation method will be applied.  <#LINE#> @ @ Orkan Telhan., Social Sensing and Its Display, MIT publication, (2007) @No $ @ @ Thorndike, E.L., Intelligence and its use,  Harper's Magazine, 140,  227-235, (1920) @No $ @ @ Waqas Haider et al., Towards Modeling equal humanity using philanthropy and IT constraints,  Journal of Economics and sustainable development , Vol.2 72-75, (2011) @No $ @ @ Hossein Rahnama et al., Relational Attribute Integrated Matching Analysis (RAIMA): A Framework for the Design of Self-Adaptive Egocentric Social Network” IEEE systems journal, Vol. (5),(2011) @No $ @ @ Stephen P. Borgatti et al., Notions of Position in Social Network Analysis,  JSTOR publication, Vol. (22),1-35, (1992) @No $ @ @ Hasswa, Managing Presence and Policies in Social Network dependent systems, Proceedings of the IEEE on Local Computer Networks, (2010) @No $ @ @ Péter Ekle et al., Experiences with phonebook-centric social networks, Proceeding of IEEE CCNC, (2010) @No $ @ @ B Yang, Community Mining from Signed Social Networks, IEEE Transaction on knowledge and data engineering, 1333-1348,  (2007) @No $ @ @ Christopher Rixon., SAAS,Social Media and the need for new metrics to measure I.T. service management SAAR provider, BMC Software Report ,(2011) @No $ @ @ Andreas M. Kapla et al., Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media, Elsevier(2010) @No $ @ @ Social Networks Overview: Current Trends and Research Challenges, European Commission Information society and Media report (2010) @No
<#LINE#>Geometric Configuration Optimization for Baseline Interferometry<#LINE#>Gharahdaghi@Aidin<#LINE#>78-82<#LINE#>16.ISCA-RJRS-2012-465.pdf<#LINE#> Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), Tehran, IRAN<#LINE#>26/12/2012<#LINE#>14/2/2013<#LINE#>One of the necessary parts for settlement of baseline interferometric arrays which are used in radio astronomy is to design geometric configuration of the array in a way that most effective results could be achieved. In VLBI imaging the uv plane coverage is a key factor for obtaining better sampling of signals. In this paper the configuration of antenna arrays are optimized by means of PSO and its multi-population version MPSO. By presenting some simulation results, effectiveness of methods, especially for MPSO will be shown.   <#LINE#> @ @ Middelberg E. and Bach U., High resolution radio astronomy using very long baseline interferometry, Reports on Progress in Physics, 71(6), 066901 (2008) @No $ @ @ Clark B.G., An efficient implementation of the algorithm’CLEAN’, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 89(3),377- 378 (1980) @No $ @ @ Bajkova A.T., Multi-frequency synthesis of VLBI images using a generalized maximum entropy method, Astronomy reports, 52(12), 951–962 (2008) @No $ @ @ Suksmono A.B., Deconvolution of VLBI images based on compressive sensing, In Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2009, ICEEI’09. International Conference On,, 110–116 (2009) @No $ @ @ Li F., Cornwell T.J. and De Hoog F., The application of compressive sampling to radio astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 528(A31), 1-10 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mugnier L.M., Rousset G. and Cassaing F., Aperture configuration optimality criterion for phased arrays of optical telescopes, JOSA A, 13(12), 2367–2374 (1996) @No $ @ @ Jones D.L., Geometric Configuration Constraints for Large Deep Space Network Arrays, The Interplanetary Network Progress Report, 42(157), 1-9 (2004) @No $ @ @ Cohanim B.E., Hewitt J.N. and De Weck O., The Design of Radio Telescope Array Configurations using Multiobjective Optimization: Imaging Performance versus Cable Length, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 154(2), 705 (2008) @No $ @ @ Su Y., Nan R.D., Peng B., Roddis N. and Zhou J.F., Optimization of interferometric array configurations by “sieving” u–v points. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 414(1),389–397 (2004) @No $ @ @ Jin N. and Rahmat-Samii Y., Analysis and particle swarm optimization of correlator antenna arrays for radio astronomy applications, Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, 56(5), 1269–1279 (2008) @No $ @ @ Oliveri G., Caramanica F. and Massa A., Hybrid ADS-based techniques for radio astronomy array design, Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, 59(6),1817–1827 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kennedy J. and Eberhart R., Particle swarm optimization. In Neural Networks, 1995, Proceedings, IEEE International Conference On,, 1942–1948 (1995) @No $ @ @ Banks A., Vincent J. and Anyakoha C., A review of particle swarm optimization. Part II: hybridisation, combinatorial, multicriteria and constrained optimization, and indicative applications, Natural Computing, 7(1), 109–124 (2008) @No