@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Numerical Investigation of External Flow around the Ahmed Reference Body Using Computational Fluid Dynamics<#LINE#>RajsinhB.@Chauhan,RajR.@ThundilKaruppa<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2012-139.pdf<#LINE#> School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, TN, INDIA <#LINE#>22/3/2012<#LINE#>29/3/2012<#LINE#>  This paper presents a finite-element based numerical simulation for the prediction of flow around the Ahmed body. The flow solver used is ACUSOLVE, developed by ACUSIM software. In this investigation an effort was made to investigate the fully developed turbulent flow over Ahmed Body and to evaluate the effect of slant angle. Understanding this aerodynamic phenomenon helps us in reducing fuel consumption, increase the stability and passenger comfort. In this study, the spalart-allmaras (S-A) turbulence model is used in order to reduce the computational cost at high Reynolds number. Two separate cases have been solved for two different upstream velocities and results are compared. The results are presented in the form of drag coefficient values and flow field which includes velocity contour and velocity vector fields. The validation is carried out by a simulation around the Ahmed body with the slant angle of 25° with stilts. The results are compared with the actual wind-tunnel experimental data. Moreover, the capabilities of ACUSOLVE code to predict the flow around the Ahmed Body has been analyzed by comparing the flow structure at wake region with experiments. The pre-processing & post processing for this study is carried out with the help of HYPERMESH and HYPERVIEW software respectively. <#LINE#> @ @ Hucho W.H., Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles, SAE International, Warrendale, PA (1998) @No $ @ @ Ahmed S.R., Ramm G. and Faltin G., Some Salient Features of the Time-Averaged Ground Vehicle, SAE Paper 840300 (1984) @No $ @ @ Lienhart H. and Becker S., Flow and Turbulence Structures in the Wake of a Simplified Car Model, SAE Paper 2003-01-0656 (2003) @No $ @ @ Manceau Rand and Bonnet J.P., Proceedings of 10th Joint ERCOFTAC (SIG-15)/IAHR/QNET-CFD Workshop on Refined Turbulence Modeling, Poitiers, France (2002) @No $ @ @ John D. Anderson, Jr. Computational Fluid Dynamics-basics with application, McGraw-Hill series in mechanical engineering  (1995) @No $ @ @ Guilmineau E., Computational Study of Flow around a Simplified Car Body, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Applications, 96, 1207-1217 (2008) @No $ @ @ Guilmineau E., Numerical simulation with a DES approach, SAE Paper 2010-01-0758 (2010) @No $ @ @ Minguez M., Pasquetti R. and Serre E., High-Order Large Eddy Simulation of Flow Over the “Ahmed Body” Car Model, Physics of Fluids, 20, 095101 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kapadia S., Roy S. and Wurtzler K., Detached eddy simulation over a reference Ahmed car model, AIAA paper no. 2003-0857 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kumar Krishan and Aggarwal M.L., A Finite Element Approach for Analysis of a Multi Leaf  Spring using CAE Tools, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(2), 92-96 (2012) @No $ @ @ Purkar T. Sanjay and Pathak Sunil, Aspect of Finite Element Analysis Methods for Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth Rate, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,1(2) 85 -91 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Lake Gahar Basin: Environmentally Potential for Focused Ecotourism<#LINE#>Mehranoosh@Gholipoor<#LINE#>6-12<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2012-146.pdf<#LINE#> Payam-e-Noor University, IRAN <#LINE#>27/3/2012<#LINE#>7/4/2012<#LINE#>  Development of ecotourism industry is considered an economic endeavor leading to new job opportunities, community income increase, and, eventually, renewal of social structures of a territory. The present study aimed to examine the positive and negative consequences of ecotourism in Lake Gahar basin surrounded by Mount Oshtoran to prevent any problem that defective planning might create. Rooted in the principles of environmental planning, the study demanded a proper understanding of the current situation in Lake Gahar basin. The overlay method was, therefore, utilized to do the land unit mapping as well as the focused ecotourism; the method also helped the researcher make the conservation zoning map of the area. Data analysis revealed the existence of a lake with its cultural and natural attractions played a crucial role in developing the sector. It also implied authorities were responsible for creating balance between tourism and ecosystem preservation regarding the probable side-effects of this leisure industry. <#LINE#> @ @ Alvani S.M. and Dehdashti Z., Principals of Tourism, Economy and Planning Deputy of IRMF, Tehran, 102 (1994) @No $ @ @ Mason P., Tourism impacts, planning and management,Butterworth-Heinamann, Amsterdam, 57 (2003) @No $ @ @ Tong J., Moore S., Hockings M., Worboys G. and Bridle K., Developing indicators for the sustainable management of visitor use of protected areas in Australia, viewed 1 August 2009. Retreived from www.crctourism.com.au /WMS/Upload/Resources/bookshop/Tonge- Visitor % 20 Use % 20PAs.pdf, 33 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chin C.L.M., Moore S., Wallington T.J. and Dowling R.K., Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Ecotourism in Bako National Park, Borneo: Visitors' perspective on environmental impacts and their management, 8(1), 20-35 (2000) @No $ @ @ Makhdoom M., Basics of Spatial and Land Planning, Tehran University Press, Tehran, 70 (2002) @No $ @ @ Moharramnejad N., The environmental management and planning, Miran Press, Tehran, 31 (2006) @No $ @ @ Majnounian H., The Preserved Districts in Iran, Management and Planning Organization, Tehran, 145 (2000) @No $ @ @ Andaroudi M., Principles and Methods of Environmental Management, Kongereh Press, Tehran, 28 (2006) @No $ @ @ Fallahi H., Ecotourism Management for the Preserved District of Mount Oshtoran, Unpublished Masters' Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 66 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kahrom K., Ecotourism (Ecology, Recreational Activities and Tourism), Environmental Preservation Organisation, Tehran, 92 (1995a) @No $ @ @ Kahrom K., The Application of Ecology to Decrease the Negative Side-effects of Tourism Development, Department of Environment Press, Tehran, 11 (1995b) @No $ @ @ Binesh O., The natural resources and areas for ecotourism in Shiraz with an emphasis on the role of climate, Unpublished Masters' Thesis, Shiraz University, 34 (2004) @No $ @ @ Orak N.,  Assessing the application of ecotourism in ongoing development of coastal areas in Qeshm Island, Unpublished Masters' Thesis, IAU, Science and Research Campus, Ahvaz, 73 (2002) @No $ @ @ Rahnamaei M., Ongoing Development and Productivity in Lake Gahar,Unpublished research project, University of Tehran, 157 (1995) @No $ @ @ Khaledi Sh., Applied Meteorology, Qomes Press, Tehran, 78 (2005) @No $ @ @ Majnounian H., How to prepare a management proposal for the preserved districts, Management and Planning Organization, Tehran, 170 (2002) @No $ @ @ Rezvani A.,  Geography and Tourism, Payam-e-Noor University Press, Tehran, 53 (1995) @No $ @ @ Makhdoom M., Darvishsefat A., Jafarzadeh H. and Makhdoum A., Environmental Planning and assessment through GIS, Tehran University Press, Tehran, 86 (2001) @No $ @ @ Phillips G., Current status of South African National Parks: Paper presented at the Third Annual International Conference of Tourism Competence Network (ICNT), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa, 121-128 (2009) @No $ @ @ Vijender A., Rachnal A., and Khanna P., Micro Finance and Risk Management for Poor in India, Res. J.  of Rec. Sci., 1(2), 104-107 (2012) @No $ @ @  21 Rodrigues L., Artificial and Natural Regeneration of the Forests of Bombay Presidency: 1838 to 1860, Res. J.  of Rec. Sci., 1(2), 113-118 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Removal of Zinc (II) by Non Living Biomass of Agaricus Bisporus<#LINE#>AmalaRejula@Francis,Dhinakaran@Masilamai<#LINE#>13-17<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2012-151.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai-600116, INDIA <#LINE#>31/3/2012<#LINE#>14/4/2012<#LINE#>The feasibility of Agaricus bisporus as a bio sorbent to remove zinc(II) from aqueous solution was determined by batch experiments, which were carried out using shake flasks. The effect of different biomass loading, pH and contact times were investigated. Biosorption of zinc was determined using Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm models. The characteristic parameters for each isotherm were determined Temkin and Dubinin Radushkevich isotherm models fitted well to the data of biosorption of zinc by Agaricus bisporus, suggesting that the uptake of zinc was physical, saturable and equilibrium mechanism. <#LINE#> @ @ Ayoub G.M., Semerjian L., Acra A., El Fadel M. and Koopman B., Heavy metal removal by coagulation with seawater liquid bittern, J. Env Eng., 127, 196–202 (2001) @No $ @ @ Bose P., Bose M.A. and Kumar S., Critical evaluation of treatment strategies involving adsorption and chelation for wastewater containing copper, zinc, and cyanide, Ad  Env Res., 7, 179–195 (2002) @No $ @ @ Chantawong V., Harvey N.W. and Bashkin V.N., Comparison of heavy metal adsorptions by thai kaolin and ballclay, Asian J. Eng & Env., , 33–48 (2001) @No $ @ @ Edith Leuf, Theodor Prey, Christian P. Kubicek, Biosorption of zinc by fungal mycelial wastes, Appl. Micro. Bioteh., 34, 688-692 (1991) @No $ @ @ Gupta D.C. and Tiwari U.C, Aluminium Oxide as adsorbent for removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous waste, Ind. J Envi Health.,27, 205–215 (1985) @No $ @ @ Ho Y.S., Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by tree fern, Water Res,  37, 2323–2330 (2003) @No $ @ @ Inbaraj B.S., Selvarani K. and Sulochana N., Evaluation of a carbonaceous sorbent prepared from pearl millet husk for its removal of basic dyes, J Sci & Ind Res., 61,  971–978 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kawamura Y., Mitsuhashi M., Tanibe H. and Yoshida H., Adsorption of metal ions on polyaminated highly porous chitosan chelating agents, Ind Eng &Chem Res., 32, 386–391 (1993) @No $ @ @ Khan S.A., Rehman R. and Khan M.A., Adsorption of Cr(III), Cr(VI) and Ag(I) on bentonite, Waste Mgt., 15, 271–282 (1995) @No $ @ @ Khan S.A, Rehman R. and Khan M.A., Adsorption of strontium (II) on bentonite, Waste Mgt., 15,  641–650(1995) @No $ @ @ Lo W.H., Chua H., Lam K.H. and Bi S.P., A comparative investigation on the biosorption of lead by filamentous fungal biomass, Chemosphere,39, 2723–2736 (1999) @No $ @ @ Louise de Rome and Geoffrey M. Gadd, Copper adsorption by Rhizopus arrhizus, Cladosporium resinae and penicillium italicum, App. Micro. Biotec., 26, 84- 90(1987) @No $ @ @ McKay G., Blair H.S. and Findon A., Equilibrium studies for the sorption of metal ions onto chitosan, Ind J. Chem.,28,  356–360 (1989) @No $ @ @ Mellah A. and Chegrouche S., The removal of zinc from aqueous solutions by natural bentonite, Water Res., 31, 621–629 (1997) @No $ @ @ Srivastava S.K, Tyagi R. and Pal N., The application of nature absorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water, Env.Tech. 10, 275–282 (1989) @No $ @ @ Undaybeytia T., Morillo E.  and Maqueda C., Adsorption of Cd and Zn on montmorillonite in the presence of a cationic pesticide, Clays and Clay Min., 31, 485–490(1996) @No $ @ @ Mangale Sapana M., Chonde Sonal G. and Raut P.D.,Use of Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) seed as Natural Absorbent and an Antimicrobial agent for Ground water Treatment,Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(3), 31-40 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vaishnav V., Daga Kailash, Chandra Suresh and Lal Madan, Adsorption Studies of Zn (II) ions from Wastewater using  Calotropis procera as an Adsorbent, Res.J.Recent.Sci, 1, 160-165 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Some Construction Methods of Variance and Efficiency Balanced Block Designs with Repeated Blocks<#LINE#>Rashmi@Awad,Shakti@Banerjee<#LINE#>18-22<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJRS-2012-176.pdf<#LINE#>  Dept. of Statistics, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, MP, INDIA @ School of Statistics, D.A.V.V., Indore, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>10/4/2012<#LINE#>16/5/2012<#LINE#>  Some construction methods of the variance and efficiency balanced block designs with repeated blocks are proposed which are based on the incidence matrices of the known balanced incomplete block designs with repeated blocks. <#LINE#> @ @ Van Lint J.H. , Block Designs with repeated blocks and (b, r, ) = 1, Journal of Combi  Theory Series, (A15), 288-309 (1973) @No $ @ @ Hanani H., The existence and construction of balanced  incomplete block designs, Ann. Math., 32, 361-386 (1961) @No $ @ @ Parker E.T., Remarks on balanced incomplete block designs, Proc. Amer.Math. Soc., (14), 729-730 (1963) @No $ @ @ Seiden E. , A supplement to Parker’s remarks on balanced incomplete block designs, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.,(14), 731-732 (1963) @No $ @ @ Stanton R.G. and Sprott D.A. , A family of difference Sets, Can. J. Math., (10), 73-77 (1958) @No $ @ @ Stanton R.G. and Sprott D.A., Block intersections in incomplete block designs, Cand. Math. Bull., (7), 539-548(1964) @No $ @ @ Sprott D.A., A note on balanced incomplete block designs, Can. J. Math., (6), 341-346 (1954) @No $ @ @ Sprott D.A., Some series of balanced incomplete block designs, Sankhya, (17), 185-192 (1956) @No $ @ @ Ryser H. and Van Lint J.H., Block Designs with repeated blocks, DiscreteMath, (3), 381-396 (1972) @No $ @ @ Foody  W. and Hedayat  A., On Theory and Applications of balanced incomplete block designs with repeated blocks, The annals of statistics, (5), 932-945(1977) @No $ @ @ Hedayat  A. and Li Shuo-yen R. , The trade off method in the construction of balanced incomplete block designs with repeated blocks, The annals of Statistics, , 1277-1287 (1979) @No $ @ @ Hedayat A. and Hwang H. L., BIB (8, 56, 21, 3, 6) and BIB (10, 30, 9, 3, 2) designs with repeated Blocks, J. Comb. Th. (A36), 73-91 (1984) @No $ @ @ Ceranka B. and Graczyk  M. , Variance Balanced Block Designs with repeated blocks, Applied Mathematical Sciences, Hikari Ltd., 1 55)2727-2734 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ceranka B. and Graczyk M. , Some new construction methods of Variance Balanced Block Designs  with repeated Blocks, Metodološki Zvezki, (1), 1-8(2008) @No $ @ @ Ceranka, B. and Graczyk, M. , Some notes about Efficiency Balanced Block Designs with repeated blocks, Metodološki Zvezki, 6(1), 69-76 (2009) @No $ @ @ Puri, P.D. and Nigam, A.K., Balanced Block Designs,Commun. Statist. – Theor. Math., (A6), 1171-1179 (1977) @No $ @ @ Caliski, T., On the notation of balance block designs, In G. Barra et. al. (Eds.), Recent Developments in Statistics, Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Company, 365-374 (1977) @No $ @ @ Rao V.R., A note on balanced designs, Ann. Math. Statist.,(29), 290-294 (1958) @No $ @ @ Kageyama S. and Tsuji T. ,  Inequality for equireplicated n-array block designs with unequal block Sizes, Journals of Statistical Planning and Inferences 3, 101-107 (1979) @No $ @ @ Caliski T., On some desirable patterns in block designs, Biometrics, (27), 275-292(1971) @No $ @ @ Kageyama S., On properties of efficiency balanced designs, Commun. Statist. – Theor. Math., (A9), 597-616 (1974) @No $ @ @ Dey A. , Theory of block designs, Wiley Eastern Limited,(1986) @No $ @ @ Ghosh D.K. and Shrivastava S.B. ,  A class of balanced incomplete block designs with repeated Blocks, Journal of Applied Statistics, 28(7), 821-833 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kageyama S., Construction of balanced block designs, Utilitas Math., (9), 209-229 (1976) @No $ @ @ Khosrovshahi G.B. and Mahmoodian E.S. , On BIB designs with various support sizes for =9 and k=3, Communication inStatistics – Simulation and computation, 17(3), 765-770 (1988) @No $ @ @ RaghavaRao D., A generalization of G.D. Design, Ann. Math. Statist.31, 756-771 (1960) @No $ @ @ Raghavarao D., Federer W.T. and Schwager S.J., Characteristics for distinguishing among BIB design with repeated blocks, Journal of Stat. Plan. and Infer., (13), 151-163(1986) @No $ @ @ Whnn H.P., A BIB design with =8, b=56, k=3, b*=24 with repeated blocks (1975) @No
<#LINE#>Investigating Effective Factors in User Success in Digital Libraries<#LINE#>Zahra@GharibTarzeh,Nabizadeh@Tahere,Mehdi@Pakdelbonab<#LINE#>23-30<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJRS-2012-200.pdf<#LINE#>Young Researchers Club, Torbat-e-Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e-Jam, IRAN @ Ferdosi University of Mashhad, IRAN @ Young Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IRAN<#LINE#>25/4/2012<#LINE#>10/5/2012<#LINE#>Digital libraries have attracted many attentions during last year’s because they have made it possible to access information everywhere in the world. From the other hand, despite many studies on evaluating digital libraries and for the complicated nature of evaluating digital libraries, many studies should be done in this field. This paper aims to evaluate digital libraries via the conceptual model of Rahman. For this purpose, using Cochran formula, a sample size of 100 people was achieved through purposeful sampling method at 5% level. The results showed that service quality and time by satisfaction creation in the users and system service quality by motivating the users contribute to the user success. <#LINE#> @ @ Ambati V., Balakrishnan N. and Reddy R., The Digital Library of India Project: Process, Policies and Architecture, 1-9 (2007) @No $ @ @ Powell T. and Dent-Micallef A., Information Technology as Competitive Advantage: The Role of Human, Business, and Technology Resources, Strategic Management, 18(5), 375–405 (1997) @No $ @ @ Marchionini G., Plaisant C. and Shneiderman B., Children's Use of the Yahooligans! Web Search Engine: I. 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Marymount University, Research and Practice in Assessment, 1(1), 1-6 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rahman F., An Exploratory Study of Factors that Influence Student User Success in an Academic Digital Library, Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of Doctorate of Philosophy: University of North Texas, 1-125(2007) @No
<#LINE#>Describing Developmental Modules in the Hind Wing of Rice Grasshopper, Oxya sp Using MINT Software<#LINE#>Coronel@KimverlyHazelI.,AnthonyJ.@Mark,Torres,Demayo@CesarG.<#LINE#>31-35<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJRS-2012-232.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Biological Sci., College of Sci. and Mathematics, Mindanao State Uni.-Iligan Institute of Tech., Tibanga, Iligan City, PHILIPPINES<#LINE#>18/5/2012<#LINE#>23/5/2012<#LINE#>  Subdivisions of insect wings have attracted special attention due to its possible correspondence to distinct cell lineages and domains of gene expression. Hence, concept of modules comes into mind, which can also be viewed as morphogenetic field and units of gene regulation. This study was conducted to delimit the spatial domain of developmental modules in the fore wings of the selected population of Rice grasshopper, Oxyasp by determining the possible number and pattern of developmental modules defining the shape of the hind wings. Different hypotheses were formulated and tested using MINT software (Modularity and Integration Tool, ver 1.5) as to possible developmental boundaries based on wing venation. A total of 180 points were used to trace and outline the margins as well as the major of the hind wings. Results of this study show that wing compartments bounded by major veins are potential candidates for separate developmental modules that may correspond to distinct cell lineages and domains of gene expression. The entire hind wing was observed to have 3 best-fit models indicating that the compartments could be considered as autonomous units of morphological variation that may correspond to domains of gene expression. Major veins serve not only as boundaries but also as active center of integration. <#LINE#> @ @ Biehs B., Sturtevant M.A. and Bier E., Boundaries in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc organize vein-specific genetic programs, Development, 125, 4245–4257 (1998) @No $ @ @ Klingenberg C.P. and Zaklan S.D., Morphological integration between developmental compartments in the Drosophila wing, Evolution, 54(1), 273–1 285  (2000) @No $ @ @ Von Dassow G. and Munro E., Modularity in animal development and evolution: elements of a conceptual framework for EvoDevo, Journal of Experimental Zoology, 285, 307–325 (1999) @No $ @ @ Gilbert S.F., Opitz J.M. and Raff R.A., Resynthesizing evolutionary and developmental biology, Dev. Biol, 173, 357–372  (1996) @No $ @ @ Klingenberg C.P., Badyaev A.V., Sowry S.M., and Beckwith N.J., Inferring  developmental modularity from morphological integration: analysis of individual variation and asymmetry in bumblebee wings, Am. Nat, 157, 11–23  (2001) @No $ @ @ Klingenberg C.P., Leamy L.J. and Cheverud J.M., Integration and modularity of quantitative trait locus effects on geometric shape in the mouse mandible, Genetics, 166, 1909–1921 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ma´rquez E.J., A statistical framework for testing modularity in multidimensional data,  Evolution, 62, 2688–2708 (2008) @No $ @ @ Rohlf James F., TPS Dig version 2.12. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at story Brook, New York  (2008) @No $ @ @ Rohlf James F., TPSUtil version 1.44. Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at story Brook, New York  (2009) @No $ @ @ Klingenberg C.P., Morphometric integration and modularity in configurations of landmarks: Tools for evaluating a-priori hypotheses, evol. Dev, 11, 405–421  (2009) @No $ @ @ Cavicchi S., Giorgi G., Natali V. and Guerra D., Temperature-related divergence in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster, III Fourier and centroid analysis of wing shape and relationship between shape variation and fitness, J. Evol. Biol, 4, 141–159 (1991) @No $ @ @ Tabugo S.R., Torres M.A. and Demayo C.G., Determination of Developmental Modules and Conservatism in the Fore- and Hindwings of two Species of Dragonflies, Orthetrum Sabina and Neurothemis ramburii,  Int. J. Argic. Biol, 13, 541-546  (2011) @No $ @ @ Torres MAJ, Adamat L.A., Manting M.M.E., Tabugo S.R.M., Joshi R.C., Sebastian L., Barrion A.T. and Demayo C.G., Developmental modules defining the shape of the forewing of Scotinophara coarctata, Egypt. Acad. J. biolog. Sci, 3(1), 105- 112 (2010) @No $ @ @ Zimmerman E., Palsson A. and Gibson G., Quantitative trait loci affecting components of wing shape in Drosophila melanogaster, Genetics, 155, 671–683  (2000) @No $ @ @ Cowley D.E. and Atchley W.R., Development and quantitative genetics of correlation structure among body parts of Drosophila melanogaster, American Nat, 135, 242–268 (1990) @No $ @ @ Klingenberg C.P. and Monteiro L.R., Distances and directions in multidimensional shape spaces: implications for morphometric applications, Syst. Biol, 54, 678–688  (2005) @No $ @ @ Lawrence P.A., and Struhl G., Morphogens compartments, and pattern: Lessons from Drosophila?  Cell, 85(7), 951—961  (1996) @No $ @ @ Milán M. and Cohen E., Subdividing cell populations in the developing limbs of Drosophila: do wing veins and leg segments define units of growth control? Dev. Biol,  217, 1–9  (2000) @No $ @ @ De Celis J.F., Positioning and differentiation of veins in the Drosophila wing, Int. J. Dev. Biol,42, 335–343 (1998) @No $ @ @ Sturtevant M.A. and Bier E., Analysis of the genetic hierarchy guiding wing vein development in Drosophila,Development, 121, 785–801  (1995) @No
<#LINE#>On the Energy Estimation of Lightning Discharge<#LINE#>ManojKumar@Paras,Jagdish@Rai<#LINE#>36-40<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJRS-2012-244.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, INDIA<#LINE#>31/5/2012<#LINE#>11/6/2012<#LINE#>  In this paper, we calculated thermal power, dissipated heat energy and radiated energy due to the current flowing in the body of lightning channel. The peak value of thermal power and total dissipated heat/thermal energy come out to be of the order of 1010 W and 10 J respectively.  The calculated radiated energy comes out to be around 3.23 kJ. It is found that the energy lost in the form of radiation is much low as compared to the dissipated heat energy in the lightning channel. <#LINE#> @ @ Saunders C., Charge separation mechanisms in clouds, Space Sci. Rev., 137, 335-353 (2008) @No $ @ @ Uman M.A., The Lightning Discharge, Academic Press Inc. (London) LTD., 39, 8, (1987) @No $ @ @ Paras M.K. and Rai J., Electric and magnetic fields from return stroke-lateral corona system and red sprites, J. Eelectromag. Analys. Applications., 3(12), 479-489 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kar S.K., Liou Y.-A. and Ha, K.-J., Aerosol effects on the enhancements of cloud-to-ground lightning over major urban areas of South Korea, Atmos. Res., 92, 80-87 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sentman D.D. and Wescott E.M., Red sprites and blue jets: Thunderstorm-excited optical emissions in the stratosphere, mesosphere, and ionosphere, Phys. Plasmas, 2(6), 2514-2522 (1995) @No $ @ @ Lyons W.A., Nelson T.E., Williams E.R., Cummer S.A. and Stanley M.A., Characteristics of sprite-producing positive cloud-to-ground lightning during the 19 July 2009 STEPS mesoscale convective systems, Monthly Weather Rev.,  131, 2417-2427 (2003) @No $ @ @ Barrington-Leigh C.P. and Inan U.S., Elves triggered by positive and negative lightning discharges, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(6), 683-686, (1999) @No $ @ @ Singh D., Singh R.P., Kamra A.K., Gupta P.N., Singh R., Gopalakrishnan V. and Singh A.K., Review of electromagnetic coupling between the Earth’s atmosphere and the space environment, J. Atmos.  Sol. Terr. Phys.,67(6), 637-658 (2005) @No $ @ @ Cooray V., On the upper limit of peak current in return strokes of lightning flashes, X International Symposium on Lightning Protection, Curitiba, Brazil, 167-172, 9-13 November (2009) @No $ @ @ Orville R. E., A high-speed time-resolved spectroscopic study of the lightning return stroke: Part II. A quantitative analysis, J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 839–851 (1968) @No $ @ @ Wang J., Yuan P., Guo F.X., Qie X.S., Ouyang Y.H. and Zhang Y.J., The spectra and temperature of cloud lightning discharge channel, Sci. China Series D: Earth Sci., 52(7), 907-912 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rai J., Current and velocity of the return stroke lightning, J. Atmos.  Sol. Terr. Phys., 40(12), 1275-1280 (1978) @No $ @ @ Guo Y.X., Yuan P., Shen X.Z. and Wang J., The electrical conductivity of a cloud-to-ground lightning discharge channel, Phys. Scr., 80(3)(2009) @No $ @ @ Hassan S., Moosavi S., Moini R. and Sadeghi S. H. H., Representation of a lightning return-stroke channel as a Nonlinearly loaded thin wire antenna, IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compatibility, 51(3), 488-498 (2009) @No $ @ @ Pathak P.P., Some Studies on Lightning, Ph.D. Disser-tation, University of Roorkee, Roorkee (1982) @No $ @ @ Pathak P.P., Rai J. and Varshneya N.C., VLF radiation from lightning, Geophy. J. R. astr. Soc.,69, 197-207 (1982) @No $ @ @ Rakov V.A. and Uman M.A., Lightning: Physics and Effects,Cambridge University Press, New York, (2003) @No $ @ @ Idone V.P. and Orville R.E., Lightning return stroke velocities in the thunderstorm research international program (TRIP), J. Geophys. Res., 87(C7), 4903-4915 (1982) @No $ @ @ Navarro-González R., Villágran-Muniz M., Sobral H., Molina L. T. and Molina M. J., The physical mechanism of nitric oxide formation in simulated lightning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(20), 3867-3870 (2001) @No $ @ @ Joshi I.S. and Tadiparti M.C., Linkage between cyclonic storms, Geomagnetic storms, sunspot numbers and climate change, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(2), 100-103 (2012) @No $ @ @ Krider E.P. and Guo C., The peak electromagnetic power radiated by lightning return strokes, J. Geophys. Res., 88(C13), 8471-8474 (1983) @No $ @ @ Nag A. and Rakov V.A., Compact intracloud lightning discharges: 2. Estimation of electrical parameters, J. Geophys. Res., 115(D20103)1-13 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gwal A.K., Jain Santosh, Panda Gopal, Gujar Y.S., Raghuwanshi S. and Vijay S.K., Study of Ionosphericperturbations during strong seismic activity by correlation technique using NmF2 data, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(1), 2-9 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hubert P. and Laroche P., Triggered lightning in New Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 89(D2), 2511–2521 (1984) @No $ @ @ La Fontaine B., Vidal F., Comtois D., Chien C. Y., Desparois A., Johnston T. W., Kieffer J. C., Hubert P. M., Pepin H. and Rizk F. A. M., The influence of electron density on the formation of streamers in electrical discharges triggered with ultrashort laser pulses, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 27, 688–700 (1999) @No $ @ @ Khan N., Mariun N., Aris I. and Yeak J., Laser-triggered lightning discharge, New J. Phy., , 61.1-61.20 (2002) @No
<#LINE#>Attenuation Coefficient of Soil Samples by Gamma ray Energy<#LINE#>Laxman@Chaudhari,Dayan@Raje,@<#LINE#>41-48<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJRS-2012-248.pdf<#LINE#>Nuclear Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Nowrosjee Wadia College, Pune-411001, MS, INDIA@  Department of Physics, Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya, Latur-413512, MS, INDIA  <#LINE#>3/6/2012<#LINE#>12/6/2012<#LINE#>  The variation of absorption coefficient with different soil samples of various chemical compositions and physical properties has been investigated, using gamma radiation method. For this work, soil Samples were collected from different locations of  Nanded  and Latur district from Maharastra and Bidar district from  Karnataka states of  India and Photon absorption coefficients of soils were determined by performing experiment of gamma irradiation on soil samples. The ratio of transmission intensity (I/I) is found to increase as the thickness of soil increases. The linear and mass attenuation coefficients due to soil density are as shown graphically. Graphs of energy in keV v/s mass attenuation coefficient due in cm/gm to various soil densities are plotted, exponential decay observed. Mass attenuation coefficient depends on soil compositions and its physical properties. <#LINE#> @ @ Hubbell J.H., Photon mass attenuation and energy absorption coefficients from 1 keV to 20 keV, Appli. Radiat. Isot., 33, 1269 (1982) @No $ @ @ Hubbel J.H. and Sheltzer S.M., Tables of X-ray mass attenuation coefficient and mass energy absorption coefficients 1 keV to 230 MeV for elements z=1 to 92 and 48 additional substances of dosimetric interest, NISTIR-5632 (1995) @No $ @ @ Bradley D.D., Chong C.S., Shukri A., Tajuddin A.A. and Ghose A.M., A new method for the direct measurement of  the energy absorbtion coefficient of gamma rays, Nucl. Instrum. Meth.Phys. Res., A280, 39 (1989) @No $ @ @ Cunningham J.R. and Johns H.E., Calculation of the average energy absorbed in photon interactions, Med.Phys, 7, 51 (1980) @No $ @ @ Carlsson G.A., Absorbed Dose Equations, On the Derivation of a General Absorbed Dose Equation and Equations Valid for Different Kinds of Radiation EquilibriumRadiation research, , 219-237 (1981) @No $ @ @ Jahagirdar H.A., Hanumaiah B.  and Thontadarya B.R., Determination of narrow beam attenuation coefficients from broad beam geometrical configuration for 320KeV photons, Int., Appli.Radiat .Isot, 43, 1511  (1992) @No $ @ @ Singh K., Bal H.K., Sohal I.K. and sud S.P., Measurement of absorption coefficients at 662 keV in soil samples, Applied radiation Isotop,  42, 1239 (1991) @No $ @ @ Gerwad L., Comments on attenuation co-efficients of 123 KeV gamma radiation by dilute solutions of sodium chloride, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 47, 19149 (1996) @No $ @ @ Gerward L., On the attenuation of X-rays and gamma rays in dilute solutions, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 48, 697 (1996) @No $ @ @ Bhandal G.S., Study of Photon attenuation coefficients of some multielement materials, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 116, 218-222 (1994) @No $ @ @ El-Kateb A.H. and Abdul Hamid, Photon attenuation study of some materials containing Hydrogen, Carbon and Oxygen., Applied radiat.Isot., 42, 303-307 (1991) @No $ @ @ Singh Jarnail, Singh Karamjit, Mudahar S. and Kulwant S., Gamma ray attenuation studies in Telurite glasses, National Symposia on radiation Physics, 15, 36-39(2003) @No $ @ @ Demir D. Ozgul A. Un.M. and Sachin Y., Determination of Photon attenuation Coefficioent, Porocity and field capacity of soil by gamma ray transmission for 60, 356 and 662 keV gamma rays, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 66, 1834-1837 (2008) @No $ @ @ Appoloni C.R. and Rios E.A., Mass attenuation coefficients of Brazilian soils in the range10-1450 keV, Applied Radiat. Isot, 45, 287-291(2004) @No $ @ @ Teli M.T., Chaudhari L.M. and Malode S.S., Attenuation coefficients of 123 keV gamma radiation by dilute solution of sodium chloride,  Appli. Radiat isot, 45(10), 987 (1994) @No $ @ @ Teli M.T., Chaudhari L.M. and Malode S.S., Study of absorption  of 123 keV gamma radiation by dilute solution of zinc sulphate, J. of Pure & applied Physics, 32, 410 (1994) @No $ @ @ Teli M.T., Chaudhari L.M., Appli. Radiat. Isot., Attenuation coefficient of 662 keV gamma radiation by dilute solutions of sodium chloride, 461, 369 (1995) @No $ @ @ Teli M.T., Chaudhari L.M., Linear attenuation coefficient of gamma radiation in dilute solutions of potassium chloride, Appli.Radiat. Isot., 47, 365 (1996) @No $ @ @ Teli M.T. On Attenuuation Coefficients of 123 KeV Radiation by Dilute Solutions of Sodium Choride, Answer to the comments by L.Gerward, Appli.Radiat. Isot, 48, 87 (1997) @No $ @ @ Teli M.T. On the attenuation of X-rays and gamma rays for aqueous solutions of salts, Radiat.Phys.& Chem., 53, (1998) @No $ @ @ Raje D.V. and Chaudhari L.M., Mass attenuation coefficients of soil samples in Maharashtra State (India) by using gamma energy at 0.662 MeV, Bulg. J. Phys.,37, 158-164 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chaudhari L.M. and R. Nathuram, Absorption coefficient of polymers (Polyvinyl Alcohol) by using gamma energy of 0.39 MeV, Bulg. J. Phys., 38 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chaudhari Laxman M. and Raje Dayanand V., Study of photon attenuation coefficient of soil samples from Maharashtra and Karnataka states (India) from 122 keV to 1330 keV., Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2(2) (2012) @No $ @ @ Chaudhari Laxman M. and Raje Dayanand V. Mass Attenuation Coefficient Measurements in Soil SampleResearch journal of Chemical sciences, 2(5), (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Preparation of Biodiesel from Crude oil of Simarouba glauca using CaO as a Solid Base Catalyst<#LINE#>Ranjan@MishraSruti,Mohanty@MahendraKumar,Kumar@PattanaikAjay<#LINE#>49-53<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJRS-2012-268.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, C.V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA @ Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA @ PG Dept. of Chemistry, Khallikote (A) College, Berhampur, Odisha, INDIA <#LINE#>25/6/2012<#LINE#>5/7/2012<#LINE#>The purpose of the work is to study biodiesel production by transesterication of Simarouba oil with methanol in a heterogeneous system, using CaO as a solid base catalyst. The reaction variables such as the molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature, mass ratio of catalyst to oil and the reaction time was studied. At 65C, 12:1molar ratio of methanol to oil, 180 minutes reaction time and 8% catalyst in oil, the conversion was over 95%.  <#LINE#> @ @ Frangrui M. and Hanna M.A., Biodiesel production: a review, Bioresour. Technol., 70, 1-15 (1999) @No $ @ @ Okoro L.N., Belaboh S.V., Edoye N.R. and Makama B.Y., Synthesis, Calorimetric and Viscometric Study of Groundnut oil Biodiesel and Blends, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 1(3), 49-57 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mishra S.R., Mohanty M.K., Das S.P. and Pattanaik A.K., Production of Bio-diesel (Methyl Ester) from Simarouba Glauca Oil, Research Journal of Chemical Sciences,2(5), 66-71 (2012) @No $ @ @ Loreto E., Liu Y., Lopez D.E., Suwannakaran K., Bruce D.A., Goodwin Jr. J.G., Synthesis of biodiesel via acid catalyst, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44, 5353-5363 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ananadhi P.M.R. and Shaleesha A.S., Microalgae as an Oil Producer for Biofuel Applications, Research Journal of Recent Sciences,1(3), 57-62 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vicente G., Martinez M. and Aracil J. Integrated biodiesel production: a comparison of different homogeneous catalysts systems, Bioresour Technol, 92, 297–305 (2004) @No $ @ @ Edgar L., Liu Y., Lopez D.E., Kaewta S., Bruce D.A. and Goodwin J.G., Synthesis of biodiesel via acid catalysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44, 5353–5363 (2005) @No $ @ @ Freedman B., Pryde E.H. and Mounts T.L., Variables ecting the yields of fatty esters from transesteried vegetable oils, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61, 1638–1643 (1984) @No $ @ @ Minami E. and Saka S., Kinetics of hydrolysis and methyl esterication for biodiesel production in two-step supercritical methanol process, Fuel, 85, 2479–2483 (2006) @No $ @ @ Demirbas A., Biodiesel production via non-catalytic SCF method and biodiesel fuel characteristics, Energy Convers. Mgmt.,47, 2271–2282 (2006) @No $ @ @ Shimada Y., Watanabe Y., Sugihara A. and Tominaga Y., Enzymatic alcoholysis for biodiesel fuel production and application of the reaction to oil processing, J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym., 17, 133–142 (2002) @No $ @ @ Nie K., Xie F., Wang F. and Tan T., Lipase catalyzed methanolysis to produce biodiesel: optimization of the biodiesel production, J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym. 43, 142–147 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gryglewicz S., Rapeseed oil methyl esters preparation using heterogeneous catalysts, Bioresour Technol, 70, 249–53 (1999) @No $ @ @ Tanabe K. and Holderich W.F., Industrial application of solid acid–base catalysts, Appl Catal A, 181, 399–434 (1999) @No $ @ @ Suppes G.J., Dasari M.A., Doskocil E.J., Mankidy P.J. and Go M.J., Transesterication of soybean oil with zeolite and metal catalysts, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 257, 213–223 (2004) @No $ @ @ Xie W., Peng H. and Chen L., Transesterication of soybean oil catalyzed by potassium loaded on alumina as a solid-base catalyst, Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 300, 67–74 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gryglewicz S., Rapeseed oil methyl esters preparation using heterogeneous catalysts, Bioresour. Technol. 70, 249–253 (1999) @No $ @ @ Suppes G.J., Bockwinkel K., Lucas S., Botts J.B., Mason M.H. and Heppert J.A., Calcium carbonate catalyzed alcoholysis of fats and oils, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 78, 139–145 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kim H.J., Kang B.S., Kim M.J., Park Y.M., Kim D.K., Lee J.S. and Lee K.Y., Transesterication of vegetable oil to biodiesel using heterogeneous base catalyst, Catal. Today93–95, 315–320 (2004) @No $ @ @ Cantrell D.G., Gillie L.J., Lee A.F. and Wilson K., Structure reactivity correlations in MgAl hydrotalcite catalysts for biodiesel synthesis, Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 287, 183–190 (2005) @No $ @ @ Jitputti J., Kitiyanan B., Rangsunvigit P., Bunyakiat K., Attanatho L. and Jenvanitpanjakul P., Transesterication of crude palm kernel oil and crude coconut oil by dierent solid catalysts, Chem. Eng. J. 116, 61–66 (2006) @No $ @ @ Reddy C.R.V., Oshel R. and Verkade J.G., Room-temperature conversion of soybean oil and poultry fat to biodiesel catalyzed by nanocrystalline calcium oxides, Energy Fuels, 20, 1310–4 (2006) @No $ @ @ Zhu H., Wu Z., Chen Y., Zhang S., Duan S. and Liu X., Preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by solid super base of calcium oxide and its rening process, China J Catal, 27, 391–6 (2006) @No $ @ @ Dorado M.P., Ballesteros E., Lopez F.J. and Mittelbach M., Optimization of alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Brassica carinata oil for biodiesel production, Energ. Fuel,18(1), 77–83 (2004) @No
<#LINE#>Comparative Study on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Plywood Produced from Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.) and Simul (Bombax ceiba L.) Veneers<#LINE#>D.M.@NazmulAlam,Islam@Md.Nazrul,Khandkar@-SiddikurRahman,Alam@Md.Rabiul<#LINE#>54-58<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJRS-2012-273.pdf<#LINE#>Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna – 9208, BANGLADESH @ JSPS Post Doctoral Fellow, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, JAPAN <#LINE#>28/6/2012<#LINE#>3/7/2012<#LINE#>  Plywood becomes very important material for various structural purposes in Bangladesh and used as a substitute of solid wood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine and compare the physical and mechanical properties of plywood produced with veneers of eucalyptus and simul tree. The commercial urea formaldehyde resin was used for fabricating the panels. Physical properties i.e., density, moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling; and mechanical properties i.e., modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the panels were determined according to the procedure of ASTM standards. It was found that the density of eucalyptus and simul plywood was 879 and 536 kg/m respectively. Further, it was also observed that MOE and MOR of eucalyptus plywood were almost 2 and 2.5 times higher respectively than those of simul plywood. These differences were attributed to the variation in properties of veneer wood species and the effect of veneer wood species on some physical and mechanical properties of plywood was found statistically different. <#LINE#> @ @ Islam M.A., Alam M.A.  and Hannan M.O., Multiresponse optimization  based  on  statistical  response  surface methodology and desirability function for the production of particleboard, Compos. Part B,43, 861-868 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rahman K.S., Alam D.M.N. and Islam M.N., Some physical and mechanical properties of bamboo mat-wood veneer plywood, ISCA J. Biological Sci., ), 61-64 (2012) @No $ @ @ Forest Research Institute (FRI), Indian Forest Utilization, vol. . Forest Research Institute  and Colleges, Dehra Dun, India, (1970) @No $ @ @ Král P. and Hrázský J., Effects of different pressing conditions on properties of spruce plywoods, J. Forest Sci.,52), 285–292 (2006) @No $ @ @ Baldwin R.F., Plywood and veneer-based products, manufacturing practices (Wood technology books ser.). Miller Freeman, San Francisco. (1995) @No $ @ @ Turnbull J.W., Future use of eucalyptus opportunities and problems. Intensive forestry. The role of Eucalyptus. IUFRO Symposium, Durban, South Africa. (1991) @No $ @ @ Nacar M., Hiziroglu S. and Kalaycioglu H., Some of the properties of particleboard panels made from eucalyptus, American J. Applied Sci., (Special Issue): 5-8 (2005) @No $ @ @ Davidson J. and Das S., Eucalyptus in Bangladesh. Silviculture Division. Bulletin no. 6. Bangladesh Forest Research Institute. 1-10 (1985) @No $ @ @ Kabir M.F., Bhattacharjee D.K. and Sattar M.A., Strength properties of and drying characteristics of Eucalyptus wood grown in Bangladesh, Thai. J. For., 14, 103-109 (1995) @No $ @ @ American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM), Standard test methods for evaluating properties of wood-based fiber and particle panel materials static tests of timbers, D 1037-93, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA. (1999) @No $ @ @ Sattar M.A., Properties and uses of priority timber species, Bangladesh  J. Forest Sci., 26): 1-7 (1997) @No $ @ @ Tenorio C., Moya R. and Muñoz F., Comparative study on physical and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber and plywood panels made of wood from fast-growing Gmelina arborea trees, J. Wood Sci., 57), 134-139 (2011) @No $ @ @ American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM D3043-87), Standard methods of testing structural panels in flexure. D3043-87, In, Annual Book of ASTM standards, Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing Materials, ), 261 (1989) @No $ @ @ Franz F.P., Kollmann E.W., Kuenji A. and Stamm J., Principles of Wood Science and Technology, vol. II. Wood based materials, Springer Verlag, New York (1975) @No $ @ @ Edril Y.Z., Zhang J. and Eckelman C.A., Holding  strength of screws in plywood and  oriented strandboard, Forest Prod. J.,52), 55-60 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ashaduzzaman M., Rana R., Khan M.N.H. and Shams M.I., Suitability of muli bamboo (Melocanna baccifera) for making bamboo mat plywood, Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res., 46), 543-548 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hrázský J. and Král P., A contribution to the properties of combined plywood materials, J. Forest Sci.,5310), 285–292 (2007) @No $ @ @ Wardrop A.B., The phase of lignification in the differentiation of wood fibres. Tappi, 40, 225-243 (1957) @No $ @ @ Dutt D. and Tyagi C.H., Comparison of various eucalyptus species for their morphological, chemical, pulp and paper making characteristics, Indian J. Chem. Tech., 18, 145-151 2011) 20.Kelly A., Concise encyclopedia of composite materials, revised ed. England: Pergamon. (1994) @No $ @ @ APA-The Engineered Wood Association, Design capacities of APA performance-rated structural-use panels. Technical note N375 B. Tacoma, WA: APA-The Engineered Wood Association, (1995) @No $ @ @ Desch H.E.  and  Dinwoodie  J.M.,  Timber  Structure, Properties,  Conversion  and  Use,  7th ed.  Macmillan  press Limited, London, 216-230 (1996) @No
<#LINE#>Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones using Satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques: A Case study from Ganjam district, Orissa, India<#LINE#>Arkoprovo@Biswas,Adarsa@Jana,Prakash@SharmaShashi<#LINE#>59-66<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJRS-2012-275.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, WB–721302, INDIA <#LINE#>5/7/2012<#LINE#>18/7/2012<#LINE#>  Water plays a vital role in the development of activities in an area. The surface water resources are inadequate to fulfill the water demand. Productivity through groundwater is quite high as compared to surface water, but groundwater resources have not yet been properly exploited. Keeping this view, the present study attempts to select and delineate various groundwater potential zones for the assessment of groundwater availability in the coastal part of Ganjam district, Orissa using remote sensing and GIS technique. Satellite IRS-IC LISS III, Landsat TM digital and SRTM data have been used in the present study to prepare various thematic maps, viz., geomorphological, geological, slope, drainage density, lineament density map. On the basis of relative contribution of each of these maps towards groundwater potential, the weight of each thematic map has been selected. Further, within each thematic map ranking has been made for each of the features. All the thematic maps have been registered with one another through ground control points and integrated step by step using the normalized aggregation method in GIS for computing groundwater potential index. On the basis of this final weight and ranking, the ground water potential zones have been delineated. Thus from the present study it is observed that an integrated approach involving  remote sensing and GIS technique can be successfully used in identifying potential groundwater zones in the study area. Five categories of groundwater potential zones, viz., excellent, very good, good, moderate and poor have been demarcated. Major portions of the study area has “good” as well as “Moderate” prospect while a few scattered areas have poor prospect. The excellent potential areas are mainly concentrated along the shore line.<#LINE#> @ @ Todd D.K., Groundwater Hydrology, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 556 (1980) @No $ @ @ Antony Ravindran A., Azimuthal Square Array Resistivity Method and Groundwater Exploration  in Sanganoor, Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, India, Res. J. recent sci, 1(4), 41–45 (2012) @No $ @ @ Jensen J.R., Introductory digital image processing, Third EditionPrentice Halls, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 544 (1986) @No $ @ @ Srivastav P. and Bhattacharya A.K., Delineation of groundwater potential zones in hard rock terrain of Bargarh District, Orissa using IRS,  Jour. India. Soc. Rem. Sen, 28(2-3), 129–140 (2000) @No $ @ @ Manimaran D., Groundwater geochemistry study using GIS in and around Vallanadu Hills, Tamilnadu, India, Res. J. recent sci, 1(6), 32–37 (2012) @No $ @ @ Phukan I., Ravindran K.V. and Banerjee D.M., Delineation of Groundwater Prospect Zones using Remote  Sensing and Geographic Information System in the West Garo Hills District, Meghalaya, “Geoinformatics: Beyond 2000”, an International Conference on Geoinformatics for Natural Resource Assessment, Monitoring and Management, Jointly Organized by Indian Institute of Remote Sensing   (National Remote Sensing Agency) Dehradun, India and ITC (International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences) The Netherlands, 203-211 (1999) @No $ @ @ Saraf A.K. and Choudhury P.R., Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS for Groundwater Exploration and Identification of artificial recharge sites, Intl. J. Rem. Sen, 19(10), 1825-1841 (1998) @No $ @ @ Khan M.A. and Moharana P.C., Use of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System in the Delineation and Characterization of Ground Water Prospect Zones, Jour. India. Soc. Rem. Sen, 30(3), 131-141 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sankar K., Evaluation of Groundwater Potential Zones Using Remote Sensing Data in Upper Vaigai River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India, Jour. India. Soc. Rem. Sen, 30(3), 119-129 (2002) @No $ @ @ ObiReddy G.P., Mouli K.C., Srivastav S.K., Srinivas C.V. and Maji A.K., Evaluation of Groundwater Potential Zones Using Remote Sensing Data - A Case Study of Gaimukh Watershed, Bhandara District, Maharashtra, Jour. India. Soc. Rem. Sen, 28(1), 19-32 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mohanty B.K. and Devdas V., Geological mapping of Quartenary formations in Rushikulya river basin in parts of Ganjam District, Orissa, Rec. Geol. Surv. 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<#LINE#>In vitro Antifungal activities of Essential oils extracted from Fresh Leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Ocimum gratissimum against Foodborne pathogens for their use as Traditional Cheese Wagashi conservatives<#LINE#>Philippe@Sessou,Souabou@Farougou,Paulin@Azokpota,Youssao@Issaka,Dominique@Sohounhlou<#LINE#>67-73<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJRS-2012-281.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, BENIN @ Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Chimie Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 2009 Cotonou, BENIN @ Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biotechnologie Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, BENIN <#LINE#>18/7/2012<#LINE#>25/7/2012<#LINE#>Alternative natural additives are needed in order to guarantee food safety in preservation against foodborne pathogens. Aromatic plants are traditionally employed for seasoning and prolongation of shelf life of food. The majority of their properties are due to the essential oils produced by their secondary metabolism. The objective of this study was to assess in vitro antifungal activity of essential oils extracted from fresh leaves of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Ocimum gratissimum obtained by hydrodistillation with Clevenger apparatus against spoilage and pathogens moulds Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus ustus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus aculeatus, Penicillium brevicompactum and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis both isolated from wagashi. The screening of their antifungal activity was carried out by determination of antifungal activity parameters as mycelial growth inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). Results obtained from this study showed that Ocimum gratissimum essential oil was the most effective as antifungal agent among the essential oils tested due probably to its prominent concentration in phenolic compound thymol with MIC ranged from 600 to 800 mg/L. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and Aspergillus terreus were the most sensible strains with minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) varying from 600 to 1000 mg/L while Aspergillus aculeatus was the most resistant mould of all to essential oil of cinnamon. With the rise of this study, it is shown that Cinnamomum zeylanicum and especially Ocimum gratissimum essential oils could be regarded as a very promising preservative for wagashi in order to prevent the mycelia growth responsible of its deterioration. <#LINE#> @ @ Barkat M. and Bouguerra A., Study of the antifungal activity of essential oil extracted from seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. for its use as food conservative, Afr. J.  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E., Food preservative potential of essential oils and fractions from cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimumand Thymus vulgaris against mycotoxigenic fungi, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 131, 151-156 (2009) @No $ @ @ Faria T.J., Ferreira R.S., Yassumoto L., Pinto de Souza J. R., Ishikawa N. K. and Barbosa A. M., Antifungal activity of essential oil Isolated from Ocimum gratissimum L. (eugenol chemotype) against Phytopathogenic Fungi, Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 49(6), 867-871 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ooi L.S. M., Li Y.L., Kam S.L., Wang H., Wong E.Y.L. and Ooi V.E.C., Antimicrobial activities of Cinnamom oil and cinnamaldehyde from the Chinese medical herb Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Am. J. Chin. Med., 34(3), 51-522 (2006) @No $ @ @ Shahverdi A.R., Monsef-Esfahani H.R., Tavasoli F., Zaheri A. and Mirjani R., Trans-cinnamaldehyde from Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark essential oil reduces the clindamycin resistance of Clostridium difficile in vitro, J. 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<#LINE#>Qualitative Analysis of Stochastic Operations in Dual Axis Solar Tracking Environment<#LINE#>D.F.@Fam,S.P.@Koh,@iong@S.K.,K.H.@Chong<#LINE#>74-78<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJRS-2012-291.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, University, Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, Selangor, MALAYSIA<#LINE#>2/8/2012<#LINE#>8/8/2012<#LINE#>  This research reviews the major contributions to the solar tracking field from a normal mechanical turning single axis to double axis which continuously evolve to the application of different evolutional algorithm’s methods in optimizing solar tracking system. This literature review shows that heuristic methods have outperformed other classical approaches in maximizing the performance of solar tracking system. Detailed discussion on solar tracker together with the evolution of artificial intelligent methods such as genetic algorithm simulated annealing and threshold acceptance is materialised in this paper. In this research, genetic algorithm has been identified with its superiority in searching for optimal solution due to its robustness. Both software and hardware have been developed to simulate related genetic algorithm results compared to different optimization search. Simulation results demonstrated the ability of GA to converge to best fitness value at 0.98021 with the axles X and Y pointing to +3 degree and +2 degree respectively in relation to sun’s position compared to simulated annealing and threshold acceptance. <#LINE#> @ @ Spall J.C,  Introduction to Stochastic Search and Optimization Wiley, Available online at http://www.jhuapl.edu/ISSO (2003) @No $ @ @ Kirkpatrick S., Jr C.D.G. and Vecchi M.P., Optimization by Simulated  Annealing, Science,220, 671-680 (1983) @No $ @ @ Kirkpatrick S., Optimization by simulated annealing: quantitative studies, Statistical Physics, 34, 975-986 (1984) @No $ @ @ Cerny V., A thermo dynamical approach to the Traveling salesman problem:An efficient simulation algorithm, Optimization Theory and Applications, 45, 41-51 (1985) @No $ @ @ Glover F., Future paths for integer programming and links to artificial Intelligence, Computers and Operations Research, 13, 533-549 (1986) @No $ @ @ Glover F., Tabu search: Part I, ORSA Journal on Computing, ,190-20 (1989) @No $ @ @ Glover F., Tabu search: Part II, ORSA Journal onComputing, , 4-32 (1990) @No $ @ @ Kohonen T., Self-organization and associative memory, Springer (1984) @No $ @ @ Rumelhart D.E. and McClelland J.L., Parallel distribute processing: Explorations in the microstructures of cognition, , foundations. Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press, 1stedition (1986) @No $ @ @ McClelland J.L., Rumelhart D.E., Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructures of cognition, Vol : psychological and biological models, Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press, 1st edition (1986) @No $ @ @ Holland J., Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, The University of Michigan Press (1975) @No $ @ @ Goldberg D.E., Genetic Algorithm in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley Pub.Co., Inc (1989) @No $ @ @ Davis L., Handbook of Genetic Algorithm, Von Nostrand Reinhold  (1991) @No $ @ @ Khan M.F. and Ali R.L., Automatic sun tracking system, presented at the All Pakistan Engineering Conference, Islamabad, Pakistan (2005) @No $ @ @ Khlaichom P. and Sonthipermpoon K. Optimization of solar tracking system based on genetic algorithms, http://www.thaiscience.info / (2006) @No $ @ @ Syamsiah Mashohor, Evaluation of Genetic Algorithm based Solar Tracking System for Photovoltaic Panels; ICSET(2008) @No $ @ @ Andre J., Siarry P. and Dognon T., An improvement of the standard genetic algorithm fighting premature convergence in continuous optimization, Advances in engineering software, 32(1), 49–60 (2001) @No $ @ @ Smith J.E. and Fogarty T.C., Operator and parameter adaptation in genetic algorithms, Soft computing, a fusion of foundations, Methodologies and Applications, 92(2), 81–87 (1997) @No $ @ @ Jung S.H., Queen-bee evolution for genetic algorithms, Electronics Letters, 39, 575–576 (2003) @No $ @ @ Fam D.F., Koh S.P., Tiong S.K. and Chong K.H., Analysis of Convergence Effect Via Different Genetic Operations, Conference of ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organization, Hanoi, Vietnam (2010) @No $ @ @ Nikhil D., Rajesh A., Vijay M., Sandeep K., Mohit, Satyapal and Pardeep K., Thermodynamic Analysis of a Combined Heat and Power System, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(3), 76-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sharifi M. and Shahriari B, Pareto Optimization of Vehicle Suspension Vibration for a Nonlinear Half Car Model Using a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(8), 17-22 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mitsuo G. and Runwei C., Genetic Algorithm and Engineering Design, New York, Wiley (1997) @No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Computational Studies on Calpain from Plasmodium falciparum<#LINE#>T.K.@Bhatt<#LINE#>79-82<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJRS-2012-193.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, INDIA<#LINE#>20/4/2012<#LINE#>13/5/2012<#LINE#>  Malaria is one of the most devastating diseases prevalent in the world. It is caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Many species of Plasmodium are shown to infect human host. The increased resistant in malaria parasite against drugs remain the major concern. Hence identification of new and effective drug targets against Plasmodium is a regular process. In the same line, proteases are the major group of the proteins in the parasite which plays crucial role in various processes like migration, evasion and cell cycle etc. Therefore, in this study, we have performed structural studies on cysteine proteases called ‘calpain’ from malaria parasite (Pfcalpain). In addition, phylogenetic analysis was also performed on Pfcalpain. We believe that these results will help in understanding various biological processes of parasite and will be instrumental in discovering effective chemotherapy against malaria. <#LINE#> @ @ Wu Y., Wang X., Liu X. and Wang Y., Data-mining approaches reveal hidden families of proteases in the genome of malaria parasite, Genome Res., 13, 601–616 (2003) @No $ @ @ Shenai B.R., Sijwali P.S., Singh A. and Rosenthal P.J., Characterization of native and recombinant falcipain-2, a principal trophozoite cysteine protease and essential hemoglobinase of Plasmodium falciparum, J Biol Chem., 275, 29000–29010 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rosenthal P.J., Cysteine proteases of malaria parasites, Int J Parasitol., 34, 1489–1499 (2004) @No $ @ @ Klemba M., Gluzman I. and Goldberg D.E., A Plasmodium falciparum dipeptidyl minopeptidase 1 participates in vacuolar hemoglobin degradation, J Biol Chem., 279, 43000–43007 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sijwali P.S. and Rosenthal P.J., Gene disruption confirms a critical role for the cysteine protease falcipain-2 in hemoglobin hydrolysis by Plasmodium falciparum, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., 101, 4384–4389 (2004) @No $ @ @ Hadley T., Aikawa M. and Miller L.H., Plasmodium knowlesi: Studies on invasion of rhesus erythrocytes by merozoites in the presence of protease inhibitors, Exp Parasitol., 55, 306–311 (1983) @No $ @ @ Croall D.E. and Ersfeld K., The calpains: Modular designs and functional diversity, Genome Biol., , 218 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ilario R. et al., A calpain unique to alveolates is essential in Plasmodium falciparum and its knockdown reveals an involvement in pre-S-phase development, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., 106, 1554–1559 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lovell S.C., Davis I.W., Arendall W.B. , de Bakker P.I., Word J.M., Prisant M.G., Richardson J.S. and  Richardson D.C., Structure validation by Calpha geometry: phi,psi and Cbeta deviation, Proteins., 15;50(3), 437-50 (2000) @No $ @ @ Dundas J., et. Al., CASTp: computed atlas of surface topography of proteins with structural and topographical mapping of functionally annotated residues, Nucleic Acids Res., 34, 116–118 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bhatt T.K., In-Silico Structure Determination of Protein Falstatin from Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(4), 68-71 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pettersen E.F., Goddard T.D., Huang C.C., Couch G.S., Greenblatt D.M., Meng E.C. and Ferrin TE, UCSF Chimera - A Visualization System for Exploratory Research and Analysis, J Comput Chem., 25,1605-1612, (2004) @No
<#LINE#>Thermal Behavior of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/ Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)/Chitosan Ternary Polymer Blend Films<#LINE#>B.S.@Mudigoudra,S.P.@Masti,R.B.@Chougale<#LINE#>83-86<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJRS-2012-235.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Materials Science, Mangalore University, Mangalgangotri - 574 199, INDIA @ Post-Graduate Department of Chemistry, Karnataka Science College, Dharwad- 580 008, INDIA<#LINE#>21/5/2012<#LINE#>25/5/2012<#LINE#>  In this study, equal weight percent of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) blend solutions filled with different weight percent of chitosan (CS) up to 12 wt% were prepared by solution blending followed by solvent evaporation technique in the form of film. The prepared poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)/chitosan (CS)   ternary blend films of different weight percentage compositions were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).  The results obtained show an increase in glass transition temperature of the blend films with increasing chitosan content. <#LINE#> @ @ Lee J.S., Choi K.H., Ghim H.D., Kim S.S., Chun D.H., Kim H.Y. and Lyoo W.S., Role of Molecular Weight of Atactic Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in the Structure and Properties of PVA Nanofabric Prepared by Electrospinning, J Appl Polym Sci, 93(4), 1638-1646 (2004) @No $ @ @ Park J.S., Park J.W. and  Ruckenstein E., Thermal and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of PVA/MC Blend Hydrogels, Polymer42(9), 4271-4280 (2001) @No $ @ @ Li D. and Xia Y., Electrospinning of Nanofibers: Reinventing the Wheel?, Advanced Materials, 16(14), 1151-1170 (2004) @No $ @ @ Geng X.Y., Kwon O.H. and Jang J., Electrospinning of Chitosan Dissolvedin Concentrated Acetic Acid Solution, Biomaterials, 26(27), 5427-5432 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chen C., Dong L. and Cheung M.K., Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable poly(L-actide)/ Chitosan Blends, Eur Polym J,  41, 958 (2005) @No $ @ @ Yusong W.U.,  Seo T.,  Maeda S.,  Dong Y.,  Sasaki T., Irie S. and Sakurai K., Spectroscopic Studies of the Conformational  Properties of Naphthoyl  Chitosan in Dilute Solutions, J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys,42(14) , 2747-2758 (2004) @No $ @ @ Qin C.Q., Du Y.M., Xiao L., Li Z. and Gao X.H., Enzymic Preparation of Water-Soluble Chitosan and their Antitumor Activity,  Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 31, 111-117 (2002) @No $ @ @ Roller S. and  Covill N., The Antifungal Properties of Chitosan in Laboratory Media and Apple Juice,  Int. J. Biol. Macromol, 47, 67-77 (2003) @No $ @ @ Zheng L.Y. and Zhu J.F, Study on Activity of Chitosan with Different Molecular Weights, Carbohyd. Polym., 54(4), 527-530 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chung W.Y., Young T.H., Yao C.H. and Chiu W.Y., Properties of the Poly( vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan Blend and its Effect on the Culture of Fibroblast in Vitro,  Biomaterials, 20(16), 1479-1487(1999) @No