Abstract
The Trace metals contamination of water samples from various samples surface water in and around Akot city was assess. The sampling points were selected on the basis of their importance. The heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn were analyzed in surface water samples of rivers lake and field water pond. The results were compared with standards prescribed by WHO and ISI. It was found that the surface water was contaminated. Some sampling sites showed trace elements contamination above the water quality standards and the quality of water is very bad and it is unfit for drinking purpose.

Abstract
The search for safe and natural alternative to reduce over-dependence on the use of antibiotic (growth promoters) has led to the evaluation of the effects of polyherbal aqueous extracts from Moringa oleifera, Gum Arabic and wild Ganoderma lucidum on growth performance and haematological parameters of broiler chickens. Eighty (80) day-old Arbor acre broilers were procured from a commercial hatchery and brooded together at the first one week of age on deep litter to acclimatize. At 2 weeks, the chicks were randomly distributed into five groups (8 chicks, each) in duplicate, labeled A-E. All the chicks in all the groups were fed with broiler starter diet containing 22% CP and 2800 Kcal/kg ME from 1 to 4 weeks of age, and broiler finisher containing 20% CP and 2649 Kcal/kg ME was given from 5-8 weeks. Moringa oleifera leaves, Gum Arabic and wild Ganoderma lucidum were collected in Nasarawa and Plateau state for proximate study, mineral and phytochemical analysis. Hot water aqueous extraction (5%, 10% and 20% w/v, each) was carried out and polyherbal mixtures were prepared at equal volume (1:1%w/v ) for oral administration at 2, 4 and 6 weeks, respectively: group A (Moringa Gum Arabic wild Ganoderma), B (Moringa wild Ganoderma), C (Gum Arabic wild Ganoderma), D (Moringa Gum Arabic) and E (antibiotic, tetracine). Blood was also taken from each group for haematological analysis. The results of proximate study revealed the presence of appreciable amount of crude protein (17.01%) in Moringa leaves, Gum Arabic (15.38%) and wild Ganodema lucidum (16.79%). They also contained appreciable amounts of carbohydrates, crude fibre and fatty acids. The ash content revealed the presence of minerals: K, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, P, Mg and Cu. The results of phytochemical analysis and anti-nutrients showed the presence of tannins, phytates, oxalate, saponins, trypsin inhibitors and hydrogen cyanide, with Moringa oleifera leaves having higher levels of the anti-nutrients (tannins). Broilers in group E (7.18kg), D (7.18kg) and B (7.03kg) had higher feed intake. Feed intake and mean weight were significantly different (P0.05) at 10 and 20% w/v concentration of extract. The cost of feed consumed did not differ significantly (P&#x-1.0;ȃ0.05). Group E (1.85kg), D (1.75kg) and B (1.73kg) had higher mean weights (gained 1.75kg, 1.65kg and 1.63kg, respectively). Group A had higher feed to gain ratio (4.6), thus low feed conversion efficiency. Carcass and organ weights in all the groups were not significantly affected (P&#x-1.0;ȃ0.05). Haematological parameters (PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC) were all within the normal range values in all the groups. It was concluded that polyherbal aqueous extracts from Moringa oleifera, Gum Arabic and wild Ganoderma lucidum had no adverse effect on the carcass and organs of broilers.

Abstract
This paper presents a crashworthiness design of aluminium columns with damage criteria. A parametric study is performed to study the effect of loading and geometrical parameters. The effect of impact mass, impact velocity, side length, thickness and length of columns are investigated numerically. The numerical analysis carried out by Abaqus software and is compared by literature.

Abstract
The initial broth containing 0.3 (%; w/v) yeast extract, 0.1% sodium nitrate (w/v) etc. were calibrated to a final pH of 7.5 to determine cumulative effect of all the selected components on lipase production by B. licheniformis MTCC 10498. The MB broth was autoclaved at 1.1 bar for 20 min. at 121�C. This broth was inoculated with 10% (v/v) of 36 h old seed culture and incubated under shaking at 55�C for 72 h. The inoculated MB broth was harvested at 72 h by centrifugation (10, 000 X g for 20 min. at 4�C; Sigma 3K30, Germany). The supernatant was filtered through Whatman filter paper no. 1. This enzyme preparation was termed as crude lipase. The lipase produced by B. Licheniformis MTCC-10498 in various batches was recorded. The pH was adjusted to 8.0 � 0.2 and the final volume was made to 1000 ml with sterile distilled water. This crude lipase was subjected to lipase assay and finally 2.0 U/ml activity were recorded.

Abstract
This paper presents an exact solution for MRCPSP model (Multi Mode Resource Constraints Project Scheduling Problem). Each activity could be performed in various ways (mode) and in every style of performance (mode) a specific amount of time and resources are used for each activity. The solution used here includes branch and bound and the study aims to level resources. In the end some sample problems are solved using expanded algorithm and the results are reported and analyzed

Abstract
Catalytic converter has become a necessity to achieve low emissions in all the vehicles. The design of catalytic converter has become critical which requires a thorough understanding of fluid flow inside the catalytic converter. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the effect of fluid flow due to geometry changes using commercial CFD tool. The study has been conducted assuming the fluid to be air. A section of catalytic converter has been solved for analysis due do its rotational symmetry. The substrate region is modeled as a porous medium. The governing equations namely conservation of mass, momentum will be solved for analysis. The predicted numerical results are validated with those available in literature. The analysis involved determining back pressure across the converter system for mass flow rates and inlet pipe angle. The numerical results were used determine the optimum geometry required to have a uniform velocity profile at the inlet to the substrate.

Abstract
In today�s knowledge based economy training is a significant factor for sustainable success of enterprises. However, in spite of the importance of training, the unskilled workforce is one of the most problematic factors for doing business in Iran. Therefore, the current paper aims to introduce a new training model the application of which will improve the training state and the performance of Iranian SMEs. To achieve the goal of the research first, the factors for increasing training motivation have been identified. Second, performance indicators have been selected. Third, the questionnaires have been prepared in a way to obtain data on the motivation factors and performance indicators. Further, a survey of 714 Iranian SMEs has been conducted. The collected data have been analyzed to test the relationship between training and motivation; training and performance. Finally, athree-dimensional training model has been introduced based on the analysis results.

Abstract
Groundwater is an essential part of life. The potential of groundwater is depends upon the subsurface rock and soil conditions. The following study was mainly focused the quality of groundwater in hard rock areas in and around Vallanadu hill using GIS application. The 36 water samples were collected in the study area. The water sample quality parameters such as colour, taste, and odor, turbidity, Ec, P, Alkaline, Dissolved constituents of silica, iron, Ca, Mg, K, corbonate, bicarbonate, Cl, No3, TDS was used for the study. The corrosity and rich out technaie is used for further study. The quality of groundwater study is used irrigation purpose determined by the salinity and sodium hazards analysis. The Styfzand�s classification is used for brackish and saltwater in the study area. The WHO standards of parameters are a dominant play role for the groundwater quality study.

Abstract
Nowadays, organizations are moving toward intangible sources and investigating more on them from whom human resources are of great importance. Many studies have been undertaken on the relation between job satisfaction, and organizational commitment; but, there are few studies on the relation between job satisfaction, motivation and organizational commitment among nurses. So, this paper aimed to investigate the effects of job experience, satisfaction and motivation on organizational commitment of the nurses in Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad city, Iran. The sample of this study included 50 nurses of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad city, determined by Cochran formula at the error level of 0.07%. The results showed a significant correlation of job experience and satisfaction with organizational commitment; but, no correlation was observed between job motivation and organizational commitment. These conclusions provide useful information for hospital officials to offer better services, using motivational drives for creating job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

Abstract
Within this contribution, buckling of tubular steel shells with circular cutout will be analyzed. The experimental results will be compared by FEM simulation results within circular cutouts of the specimen. The experimental buckling tests have been conducted using a Servo-hydraulic machine (Instron 8802). Considering the broad application range of tubular thin-walled shells, prediction of the behavior of these elements in combined loading case (especially for buckling behavior) has gained a great level of importance. In this study, the influence of shell length, shell diameter, shell angle and diameter of circular cutouts on the predicted buckling values for the tubular shell has been explored. Numerical simulations of tubular shell subjected to combined loading were conducted. The analytical solutions show excellent agreement with the numerical results predicted by FEM.

Abstract
Any physical parameter should find applications in our day-today life. This paper deals with the educational science in daily life for school students. In this paper, it has been shown that that how the refractive index can be used as a tool for finding the adultration of oils. Further more the refractive index of fifteen oils has been determined and presented here.

Abstract
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dual.), is a medicinal plant. Presently, there are five different varieties are under in cultivation. These varieties shows different rate of seed germination and fungal infection .These variation in percent of seed germination and fungal infection are investigated in the present work by blotter method.

Abstract
In this paper a new two-level four moduli set {22n {2, 2n 1�1}, 2 �1, 2 1} is introduced and an efficient residue to binary converter is proposed for it. This moduli set contains the moduli set {22n, 2 �1, 2 1} in its first-level and the moduli set {2, n 1 �1} in its second-level for the modulo 22n.The reverse converter for this moduli set is implemented in two-level structure, which is designed based on Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) and the new CRT-1 methods. The proposed residue to binary converter for this moduli set improves the hardware cost and delay significantly in comparison to the similar previously presented moduli sets.

Abstract
Selective reduction of the aldehyde of (157) with sodium borohydride gave the alcohol (243) with an excellent yield of 80%. The alcohol was then converted to alkyl Iodide which was readily reduced with SmI2 in NiI2 to give carbocyclic compound (220) with overall yield of 74%. The structures of these products were determined using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spect. and IR analysis

Abstract
Many commodities and products can become contaminated with mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins during harvest, storage and handling, and processing. Mycotoxins are structurally diverse, deriving from a number of biosynthetic pathways and their effect upon consumers is equally diverse ranging from acutely toxic to immunosuppressive or carcinogenic. Rapid detection and quantification of fungi and mycotoxins in agriculture products and processed food is necessary for assuring safety and quality of food. This paper provides a brief review of novel approaches and technologies for mycotoxin analysis including immunological detection, nucleic acid hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mycotoxin biosynthetic gene, and combination assays for detection of fungi and mycotoxins. Some methods have already been commercialized while others innovative tests have been reported in the literature and have the potential for providing real-time test for fungi and mycotoxin testing. The review focuses on methods for detection of fungi and mycotoxins in agriculture products.