Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influences of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on leaf water potential (), proline content, activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of barley �cv. Giza 124� plants subjected to water stress. Plants were treated with two regimes of irrigation water, i.e., 100% of evapotranspiration (ETc) (control) and 60% of ETc and three levels of PBZ solution (0.0 (control), 20 and 40 mg l-1). Leaf water potential, proline content, activities of SOD and CAT, grain yield and WUE were signicantly altered by both water stress and PBZ treatments. Results indicated that PBZ (40 mg l-1) mitigated the water stress and significantly reduced the reduction in leaf as compared to non-PBZ-treated water-stressed plants. Water-stressed plants treated with PBZ (40 mg l-1) had significant higher proline content than water-stressed plants without PBZ treatment. Higher antioxidant enzyme activity was also observed in water-stressed plants treated by PBZ than water-stressed plants without PBZ treatments. In comparison to water-stressed plants without PBZ treatment, water-stressed plants treated with PBZ (40 mg l-1) had significant higher SOD and CAT activities. Furthermore, water-stressed plants treated with 40 mg l-1 ofPBZ had also significant higher grain yield and WUE as compared to water-stressed plants without PBZ treatment. The results suggest that PBZ application under water stress conditions alters the equilibrium between free radical production and enzymatic defense reactions in barley by enhancing the proline content and free radical scavenging capacity.

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of process parameters such as spindle speed and feed, drill diameter and point angle, and material thickness on thrust force and torque generated during drilling of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composite material using solid carbide drill bit. Full factorial Design of Experiments (DOE) has been adopted and the results indicate that spindle speed is the main contributing parameter for the variation in the thrust force and drill diameter is the main contributing factor for variation in torque. The optimum combination of process parameter settings has been found out using the integration of Taguchi method and Response Surface Methodology.

Abstract
We consider a two-layer quasigeostrophic model of the general atmospheric circulation. It is assumed that there are field measurements of air velocity. These observations are used to find the unknown initial state of the model. The discrepancy between the observed values and the model results is measured by a cost function value. We prove the solvability of the optimization problem for positive values of the regularization parameter. The system of equations is approximated by an explicit spectral-difference scheme. A theorem is proved that the numerical solutions of the data assimilation problem converge to its exact solutions.

Abstract
A new compound was isolated from the flower of Prosopis juliflora and identified by mass, IR and NMR techniques. Its antimitotic activity was evaluated with the help of allium test. Onion root tips were subjected with 4 and 8 mg/ml concentrations of the compound, up to 48 hours for studying its effect on root mitosis. The roots were examined in permanent root tip squash preparations stained by the aceto-carmine. The results obtained confirmed that the compound have various effects on chromosomes and induced different mitotic abnormalities and structural aberration of chromosomes. Various chromosomal aberrations such as clumping and stickiness, fragmentation, C-mitotic effect, anaphase bridge were observed, which clearly showed the clastogenic, antimitotic and cytotoxic effect.

Abstract
Energy plays an important role in determining the conditions in which living matter can exist and continuous steering power for social, economic and technological prospective development. This study is aimed at estimating the global solar radiation on horizontal surface using meteorological parameters of average temperature and relative humidity for a period of eleven years (1996-2006) at Onitsha, Anambra State of Nigeria. Regression analysis and artificial neural network models were employed in the analysis. Validation of the results using error analysis show that one-variable model of relative humidity has MBE=0.0032, RMSE=0.0109, MPE=-0.753 and one-variable of average temperature has MBE=0.087, RMSE=0.3025, MPE=-0.778. Two-variable model of relative humidity and average temperature has MBE=0.350, RMSE=1.214 and MPE=-3.928. While artificial neural network has MBE=0.00024, RMSE=0.0134 and MPE=0.203. Based on the above validation results, it therefore become clear that artificial neural network has better agreement with measured global solar radiation. Hence, should be used for estimation of global solar radiation of Onitsha and other locations with similar climatic factors

Abstract
It is important for an air-cooled engine to utilize fins for effective engine cooling to maintain uniform temperature in the cylinder periphery. Many experimental works has been done to improve the heat release of the cylinder and fin efficiency. In this study, heat release of an IC engine cylinder cooling fins with six numbers of fins having pitch of 10 mm and 20 mm are calculated numerically using commercially available CFD tool Ansys Fluent. The IC engine is initially at 150 and the heat release from the cylinder is analyzed at a wind velocity of 0 km/h. The heat release from the cylinder which is calculated numerically is validated with the experimental results. With the help of the available numerically results, the design of the I.C engine cooling fins can be modified for improving the heat release and efficiency.

Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the effective factors on determination of audit fees in Iran. The theoretical framework was designed based on the literature and hypotheses for the study were formulated. The data was collected by distributing structured 50 items in Tehran stock exchange. Data collected were sorted out and keyed in into ARDL. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to answer the research questions. The result of the analyses showed that there was significant relationship between auditing feesand its predictors. Together the independent variables explained 90.2% of the variance in the dependent variables. The remaining 9.8% was due to unidentified variables. In relation to that, the study had contributed some knowledge about the understanding of auditing fees. For future research, it is recommended that other than the above variables might influence audit feesperhaps with a bigger samples and wider scope.

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of HRM policies on Potential of employee Productivity (PEP) in a healthcare organization as essential requirement for success. The In the first phase, in this adaptive and descriptive research, the data collection started in the wake of reviewing related literature when a series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with hospital managers to determine their perceptions about the HRM policies in an Iranian hospital. Then, casual loop diagrams, and stock and flow diagrams were identified. Model equations were determined by integral equation related to system dynamics (SD). Model validity was checked by structural test, consistency test, extreme condition test, and parameters analysis. Parameters analysis was done with historical fitness between simulated data and actual data for total employee variable behavior by coefficient of determination, mean square error (MSE), bias component of MSE, variation component of MSE, and covariance component of MSE. Vensim software was used for simulation, sensitivity and policy analysis. The PEP decrease in the simulation with a non-linear pattern. Different policies in human resource management could affect the PEP by change in hiring rate, quit rate, and change in structure of decision making. According to the results, stop of current adopted policy based on hiring contract employees from 2010 and hiring them as long term hiring had a better effect on PEP. Productivity is affected by several factors. The case study verifies and visualizes that different policy of human resources, may result in important change in PEP. It is important that researchers critically consider the nature of the concept of PEP, how it could be maximize, and how it relates to other concepts, such as organizational performance.

Abstract
Thyroxine and triodothyroine are essential for the normal growth, development and functions for normal organs. These hormones regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of all cells and play a critical role in the development of several organ systems such as reproduction system. Our objectives are to investigate the effects of experimental induced hyperthyroidism on plasma FSH and LHconcentrations in female Wistar rats and answer specific question what was worse to have excess thyroid hormones. The experimental study was located at the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal (UKZN), Faculty of Science and Agriculture, School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Westville Campus South Africa, from October 2009 - May 2010. Twenty four adults female Wistar rats divided into two main groups, twelve rats in each were used. Thyroxine was administered orally. The dose was 100 g/ kg body weights for three weeks daily at 9:00 am; Euthyroid rats received three ml of deionizer water. The results of thyroid hormones concentration (TSH, T and T4) and gonadtrophins (FSH and LH) were determined by using enzyme immunoassay kits from TOSOH, Corporation Japan. By Hitachi 906 analyzer. Rats body weight and food, water consumption were record every third day of experimental. The results of rats body weight showed significant decreased (P o.o5) in hyperthyroid rats compared to control group. Thyroid hormones showed significant (P o.o5) increased in hyperthyroid, but FSH and LH showed conflict results.

Abstract
Rhizosphere harbors a vast population of bacteria; among them a beneficial group is the Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) that help plant growth promotion. Sunflower is an important oilfield crop and has also been used in bioremediation and phytoremediation studies. Several of these bacteria were isolated from different sites, the bulk soil, rhizosphere and endorhizosphere regions of this experimental plant and their effects on plant growth were studied. The stimulation of plant growth is attributed to various plant growth promoting mechanisms. Study of the direct mechanisms i.e. production of phytohormones, solubilization of Phosphate and the indirect mechanisms- antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi, production of lytic and detoxification enzymes, Siderophore production, production of Ammonia and HCN were also carried out. Among the isolates, about 30 rhizobacteria that were positive for several of these plant growth promoting mechanisms were selected for plate germination and pot assay experiments. The bacteria mainly belonged to the Azotobacter, Pseudomonads, and the Bacillus group. From the plate experiments seven of the bacteria were selected i.e. four rhizosphere isolates, one endorhizosphere isolate and two soil isolates gave promising results when compared to control. All of the isolates also showed elongation of roots. Three had elongated shoots as compared to control in pot trial experiments. These isolates will be further tested for field experiments.

Abstract
In the present study, physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the drinking water, were determined in July 2009 from different location in Gwalior region, M.P., India. Total 16 water samples were collected from different locations in and around Gwalior city. Electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total aerobic microbial count and most probable number were maximum in S-3 sample. pH, hardness and DO were observed higher in S-6, S-8, S-10 samples. Enteric pathogen E. coli and Enterobacter were found in samples viz S-5, S-11 and S 1-4, S-10, S-12-13 respectively. No coliforms were observed in samples S-6-9 and S-14-16. The physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of different water samples showed that maximum samples were not suitable for drinking purpose.

Abstract
Electrocoagulation is a complex process with a multitude of mechanisms operating synergistically to remove pollutants from the water. In this paper, application of electrocoagulation using common electrode materials (aluminum and iron) to a simulated reactive distillery effluent was investigated. Based on the dynamic characteristics of batch electro coagulation, three operating stages (lag, reactive, and stabilizing) are proposed to identify the relationships among the zeta potential. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency was better, reaching to about 62%, when applying activated charcoal adsorption before treating with the electrocoagulation cell. The study focuses on the effect of electrolysis time, current density, initial pH, inter-electrode distance, initial dye concentration and type of supporting electrolyte. In the sets of experiments the optimum condition for dcolourisation has been found out.

Abstract
In this paper we present a relation for continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA) ranges for electrons and positrons of Carbon, Aluminium and Copper in terms of energy from 700 keV to 50000 keV and have been fitted by a second order polynomial approximation with two parameters. These parameters depend upon the atomic weight (A) and atomic number (Z) of the absorber. It has been found that the polynomial potential function gives better agreement with the available experimental data.

Abstract
The green supply chain management (GSCM) is a powerful way to differentiate a company fromits competitors and it can greatly influence the plan success. With increased awareness to corporate responsibility and the requirement to meet the terms with environmental policy, green supply chain management (GSCM) is becoming increasingly important for Indian manufacturers. Companies that have adopted GSCM practices with a focus on distribution activities have successfully improved their business and environmental performance on many levels. Today�s also some of remaining companies have not adopted green supply chain management, due to this environmental performance index (EPI) ranking of India is not good. Today�s environmental performance index (EPI) of India and the major four activities of the green supply chain management; namely green purchasing, green manufacturing, green marketing and reverse logistics are being covered throughout the paper.

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to assess the current status of information system specifically in the areas of health sector, role of health information technology (HIT) and its importance in improving the delivery of health care services; to assess the challenges/issues faced and future recommendation to improve the status of health IT in India. Secondary data is used. Various articles and research papers published in national and international journals are used. India is hub of IT and its use is increasing in health sector. Currently HIT is used through electronic health records (HER); telemedicine; digital health knowledge resource; hospital information management system; e-learning technologies, health informatics etc. Health Inter Network India project was designed to access the impact the IT in health. Various challenges and issues are involved with the use of information technology such as non availability of internet facility in all the geographical areas, absence of policy, guidelines and standards, lack of proper infrastructure and competent human resource. On the basis of the current status and challenges associated with Health IT, some recommendations are suggested such as formulation of policy, standards and guidelines to maintain the quality, improve the government funding to improve the current infrastructure, purchasing and installing technology and recruiting the competent staff or train existing health staff.