@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Genetic Manipulation of Gibberellin (GA) Oxidase Genes in Nicotiana sylvestris using constitutive promoter to modify Plant Architecture<#LINE#>Anjanabha@Bhattacharya,JohnB.@Power,R.@DaveyMicheal<#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2012-54.pdf<#LINE#> Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK 2BBIO, Jai Research Foundation, Vapi, Gujarat, INDIA  <#LINE#>9/2/2012<#LINE#>15/2/2012<#LINE#>  Gas is a large group of tetracyclic diterprenoid carboxylic acids. Gibberellins (GAs) control many aspects of plant development, including plant development, flowering, leaf expansion and growth. Leaf explants of Nicotiana sylvestris (Solanaceae) were used for Agrobacterium-mediated delivery of a range of GA-biosynthetic genes to determine the influence of their encoded enzymes on the production of bioactive GAs and plant stature in this species. Constructs were prepared containing the nptII gene for kanamycin resistance as a selectable marker, and the GA-biosynthetic genes, their expression under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. The GA-biosynthetic genes comprised  of PcGA2ox1 isolated from Phaseolus coccineus, and, is specific for C19-GAs and 2β-hydroxylates the bioactive GAs i.e. GA1 and GA4 and their immediate precursors GA20 and GA9, respectively. AtGA20ox1, isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana, the product from which catalyses the formation of C19-GAs, and MmGA3ox1 and MmGA3ox2, isolated from Marah macrocarpus, which encode functionally different GA 3-oxidases that convert C19-GAs to biologically active forms.  Increase in stature was observed in plants transformed with AtGA20ox1, MmGA3ox1, MmGA3ox2 and MmGA3ox1 + MmGA3ox2, their presence and expression being confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR, respectively, accompanied by an increase in GA1 content, while PcGA2ox1 resulted in dwarf plant with four fold reduction of height and early flowering. The results are discussed in the context of regulating plant stature. Since this strategy would decrease the use of chemicals to promote plant growth and will result in value addition in ornamental industry, in an era of increasing demand, and ever changing consumer appetite.  <#LINE#> @ @   Bushman J.C.M. Globalisation – flower – flower bulbs – bulb flowers. Acta Horticulturae 673, 27-33 (2005) @No $ @ @   Spielmeyer W., Ellis M.H. andChandler P.M. Semidwarf (sd-1), green revolution rice, contains a defective gibberellin 20-oxidase gene, Proceedings  Nat Acad Sci, USA 99, 9043–9048 (2002) @No $ @ @   Hedden P. and Kamiya Y., Gibberellin biosynthesis: enzymes, genes and their regulation, Plant Mol Biol 48, 431-460 (1997) @No $ @ @   Lange T. Molecular biology of gibberellin synthesis, Planta 204, 409-419 (1998) @No $ @ @   Phillips A.L. Genetic and transgenic approaches to improving crop performance. In: Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action! (Davies PJ, ed) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 582-609 (2004) @No $ @ @   Rademacher R. Growth retardants: effects on gibberellin biosynthesis and other metabolic pathways, Ann Rev Plant Phy Mol Biol 51, 501-531 (2000) @No $ @ @   Rajapakse N.C., Young R.E., McMohon M.J. and Oi R. Plant height control by photoselective filters: current status and future prospects, Hort Tech 9, 616-624 (1999) @No $ @ @   Uzogara S.G., The impact of genetic modification of human foods in the 21st Century, Biotech Adv 18, 179-206 (2000) @No $ @ @   Mino M., Oka M., Tasaka Y. and Iwabuchi M. Molecular biology of the metabolism and signal transduction of gibberellins, and possible application to crop improvement. J Cr Impv 18, 365-390 (2006) @No $ @ @   Appleford N.E.J., Wilkinson M.D., Ma Q., Evans D.J., Stone M.C., Pearce P.S., Powers S.J., Thomas S.G., Jones H.D., Phillips A.L., Hedden P. and Lenton J.R., Decreased shoot stature and grain amylase activity following ectopic expression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene in transgenic wheat, J Exp Bot 56, 112-120 (2008) @No $ @ @   Martin D.N., Proebsting W.M. and Hedden P. Mendel’s dwarfing gene: cDNAs from the Le alleles and function of the expressed proteins. Proc of Nat Sci, USA, 94, 8907–8911 (1997) @No $ @ @   Itoh H., Ueguchi M.T., Kawaide H., Chen X., Kamiya Y. and Matsuoka M. The gene encoding tobacco gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase is expressed at the site of GA action during stem elongation and flower organ development, Plant J 20, 15-24 (1999) @No $ @ @   Yamaguchi S. Gibberellin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, Phytochem Rev 5, 39-47 (2006) @No $ @ @   Hedden P. and Phillips A.L. Gibberellin metabolism: new insights revealed by the genes, Trends Plant Sci 5, 523-530 (2000) @No $ @ @   Mol J.N., Holton T.A. and Koes R.E. Floriculture: genetic engineering of commercial traits, Trends Biotech 13, 350-355 (1995) @No $ @ @   Newell C.A., Plant transformation technology, Mol Biotech 16, 53-65 (2000) @No $ @ @   Rani C.R., Reema C., Singh A. and Singh P.K., Salt tolerance of Sorghum bicolor cultivars during germination and seedling growth Res J Recent Sci., 1(3), 1-10 (2012) @No $ @ @   Bora A., Science Commmunication through Mass media Res J Recent Sci., 1(1), 10-15 (2012) @No $ @ @   Bhattacharya A., Ward D.A., Hedden A., Power J.B. and Davey M.R., Engineering gibberellin metabolism in Solanum nigrum L. by ectopic expression of gibberellin oxidase gene, Plant Cell Rep, 1214-8 (2012) @No $ @ @   Coles J.P., Phillips A.L., Croker S.J., Garcia-Lepe R., Lewis M.J. and Hedden P., Modification of gibberellin production and plant development in Arabidopsis by sense and antisense expression of gibberellin 20-oxidase genes, Plant J 17, 547-556 (1999) @No $ @ @   Sambrook J., Fritsch E. and Maniatis T., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (1989) @No  
<#LINE#>Effects of Ethanol Extracts of Healthy and Infected Panicum maximum (Jacq.) Floret on liver and kidney function profile and histopathology in Sprague-dawley rats<#LINE#>U.C.@Kanife,O.S.@Odesanmi,A.A.@Adekunle,V.F.@Doherty<#LINE#>8-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2012-66.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological Sciences, Yaba College of Technology P.M.B 2011, Yaba Lagos, NIGERIA @ Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine University of Lagos, NIGERIA @ Department of Botany, University of Lagos, NIGERIA @ Department of Biological Sciences, Yaba College of Technology P.M.B 2011, Yaba Lagos, NIGERIA  <#LINE#>14/2/2012<#LINE#>9/3/2012<#LINE#>  There is concern that consumption of infected of infected Panicum maximum florets may result in poisoning in livestock. This study investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of healthy and infected P. maximum florets (Poaceae) on selected indices of liver and kidney functions,  haematological  and histopathological parameters  in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were fed with different doses of lyophilized  extracts for 21 days and effect of the plant on tissues of liver and kidney were macroscopically examined. Also the effects on the biochemical and haematological parameters were evaluated. The healthy floret extract significantly reduced (P 0.05) aspertate aminotransferases(AST), alanine aminotransferases(ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, urea, albumin and total protein at moderate to high doses. There were no significant changes in red blood cell  (RBC), haemoglobin levels (HB) and packed cell volume (PCV) when compared with control. The infected floret  extract significantly reduced ALT, AST and ALP at low to moderate (100 – 500mg /kg body weight) but induced significant increase in ALT level at the highest dose of 750mg/kg body weight when compared with control. Total protein  and creatinine levels were not significantly (P 0.05) affected while urea level was reduced at all doses. Red blood cell, HB and PCV increased as doses increased. Histopathological examination revealed marked pathological lesions on liver and kidney at high dose administration of the infected extracts. However healthy floret extracts did not induce any pathological lesions on liver and kidney. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids.  <#LINE#> @ @   Arokhesi G.E., Fungal diseases of aerial parts of Panicum maximum Jacq. 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Dis., 74, 945-951 (1990) @No $ @ @  Aganga A.A. and Tshwenyane S., Potentials of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) as forage crop in livestock production, Pak. J. of Nut. 3(1), 1 – 4 (2004) @No $ @ @  Sodeinde F.G., Adeleye I.O.A., Asaohi V.O., Amao S.R. and Laniran I., Yield, mineral content and nutritive value of Panicum maximum Cv T58 in the derived Savanna Zone of Nigeria, Res.  J. of Bio. Sci., 1(1), 56 – 59 (2006) @No $ @ @  Oderinde J.A. and Babayemi O.J., Comparative studies on yield and chemical composition of Panicum maximum and Andropogon gayanus as influenced by Tephrosia candida and Leucaena leucocephala, Livestock Res. for R. Dev., 20(2), 1 – 9 (2008) @No $ @ @  Mabadeje S., Fusarium leaf spot of Panicum maximum Jacq, Nig. J. of Sci., 12, 89 – 91 (1978) @No $ @ @  Vanky K. and Bauer R., Conidiophoromyces, A new genus of ustilaginales, Mycotaxon 52, 427 – 436 (1992) @No $ @ @  Piepenbring M., Smut fungi: Ustilaginales and Microbotyales, basidiomycota in Panama, Rev. 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Res. 5(2), 613-617 (2006) @No $ @ @  Kanife U.C., Potentials of alkaloids from Panicum maximum florets infected with the fungus Tilletia ayresii in controlling uterine contraction in Sprague-  dawley rats,  Ph.D Thesis University of Lagos, 181(2011) @No $ @ @ Ojiako O.A. and Nwanyo H.U., Is Vernonia amygdalina hepatotoxic or hepatoprotective? Response from biochemical and toxicity studies in rats., A.  J. Biotech. 5(10), 745-750 (2006) @No $ @ @ Withawaskul P., Ampai P., Kayanapothi D. and Taesothikul L., Acute and subacute toxicities of saponin mixture isolated from Schefflera lencantha., J. of Ethnopharm.,  89, 115-121 (2003) @No $ @ @  Ashafa A.O.T., Yakubu M.T., Grieson D.S. and Afolayan A.J., Toxicological evaluation of the aqueousextract of Felicia muricata Thunb, Leaves in Wistar rats, Afri. J. Biotechnol., 6, 949-954 (2009)   Mahluli M., Toxicological and antifertility investigations of oleanolic acid in male vervet monkeys (Clorocebus aethropis) Ph.D Thesis, Discipline of Physiological Sciences, University of the Western cape, Bellville, 172 (2003) @No $ @ @  Ogbonnia S., Adekunle A.A., Bosa M.K. and Enwuru V.N., Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Alstonia congensis Engler (Apocynaceae) bark and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunci) A. Rich (Annonaceae) fruits mixtures used in the treatment of diabetes, A. J. Biotech., 7(6), 701 – 705 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ogbonnia S.O., Mbaka G.O., Igbokwe N.H., Anyika E.N., Alli P. and Nwakakwa N., Antimicrobial evaluation, acute and subaromic toxicity studies of Leore Bitters, a Nigerian polyherbal formulation, in rodents, Agri. and Bio. J. of North Ame., 1(3), 366 – 376 (2010) @No $ @ @  Ellefson D.R and Caraway T.W., Lipids and lipoproteins, In: Fundamentals of clinical chemistry, Tietz, W.N. (ed.) 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<#LINE#>Influence of Inorganic Nutrients on the activity of Enzyme, Nitrate reductase in the leaves of Mulberry, Morus alba (L) (M-5 variety)<#LINE#>S.N.@Bobade,V.B.@Khyade<#LINE#>14-21<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2012-72.pdf<#LINE#>Indian Biodiesel Corporation, Baramati Tal- Baramati, Dist- Pune, INDIA @ Shardabai Pawar Mahila College, Shardanagar Tal – Baramati, Dist. Pune, INDIA  <#LINE#>18/2/2012<#LINE#>23/2/2012<#LINE#>  The protein content of mulberry leaves is directly related with the potential of nitrate reductase enzyme. Effect of kinetic parameters and inorganic mineral nutrients (Mg; Zn and Mo) on the velocity of nitrate reductase catalyzed biochemical reaction was studied using the leaves of mulberry, Morus alba (L) (M-5 variety). Maximum velocity (Vmax) was found registered for PH=7.4; temperature=320C; incubation period= 30 minutes with vaccum infiltration manually at 5 minutes interval. For the purpose to determine Michaelis Menten constant (Km), the substrate concentration at which, the velocity of enzyme catalyzed biochemical reaction attain half of its maximum, attempt has been made towards the transformation of data on [S] and v. The key quotient: [(2v Vmax +S) � v] – [S(1+Vmax) � Vmax] was calculated. Plotting the key quotient verses the substrate concentration [S] has illuminated into a straight line intersecting both, X and Y axes at a point which correspond to : [(2Vmax2 + Km)�Vmax]. The equation of the plot correspond to be derived as: Y = - [S] + [(2Vmax2+Km)� Vmax]. This plot is to be recognized as Punyamayee plot of enzyme kinetics. Accordingly the Michaelis Menten constant (Km) of nitrate reductase catalyzed biochemical reaction in assay sample of mulberry leaves was found elevated in assay sample of leaves of mulberry plant recipient of foliar spray of magnesium sulphate, Zinc sulphate and ammonium molybdate. The optimum dose for magnesium sulphate and Zinc sulphate was 2.5mM, while with the ammonium molybdate, it was 0.01mM. The enzyme nitrate reductase was found significantly influenced with the optimum dosage of inorganic nutrients like MgSO4; Zn and (NH4)2 Mo O4. The nitrate reductase activity may be considered as predictive test for protein rich yield of leaves in mulberry. Efficient use of inorganic nutrients for qualitative protein levels in mulberry leaves serve to orchestrate the moriculture practices and thereby the qualitative improvement in cocoon yield of silkworm, Bombyx mori(L).  <#LINE#> @ @  Rangaswami, G.; Narsimhana, M.N.; Kasiviswanathan, K. and Manjeet Jolly, Manuring. Chapter : 9, mulberry cultivation, FAO, Agricultural Services Bulletin : 55 (1976) @No $ @ @  Loknath, R.; Shivshankar K. and Kashivishwanathan, K., Effect of foliar application of micronutrients to mulberry on the yield and production of cocoons. Indian Journal of Sericulture, 25(1) : 72-74 (1986) @No $ @ @  Krishnaswami, S.; Kumarraj, J.S.; Vijayaraghavan, K. and Kashivishwanathan, K., Silkworm feeding trials for evaluating the quality of mulberry leaves as influenced by variety, spacing and nitrogen application. Indian Journal of sericulture, 10(1) : 79-89 (1971) @No $ @ @  Radha, N.V.; Athchoumance, I; Rajeshwari and Obliswami, G., Effect of feeding with leaves of different mulberry varieties on the races of silkworm. All India symposium on Seric. Sciences. U.A.S., Bangalore (Abst) PP. 52 (1978) @No $ @ @  Aftab Ahmed, C.A. Shivkumar, M.V. and Raghuraman, R. Food and water utilization pattern under restricted feeding duration in Bombyx mori of PM race. J. Exp. Zool. India, 1:29-34 (1998) @No $ @ @  Singh, K., Manuring and fertilizers for mulberry cultivation. Indian silk, 39(8) : 35-36 (1981) @No $ @ @  Teotia, R.S.; Choudhary, S.K.; Chinya, P.K., Studies on effect of CAN and urea on growth and leaf yield of mulberry in acidic soil. Indian J. Seric. 31(1): 31-36 (1992) @No $ @ @  Kashivishwanathan, K; Krishnaswami, S. and Choudhary, P.C., Long term studies on the variety, spacing and nitrogen fertilization for the improvement of yield potential of mulberry. Indian Journal of sericulture, 18(1): 23-29 (1979) @No $ @ @  Das, P.K.; Choudhary, P.C.; Ghosh, A.; Katiyar, R.S.; Madhava Rao, Y.R; Mathur, V.B. and Majumdar, M.K., Studies on the effect of bacterial biofertilizers in irrigated mulberry, Morus alba (L). Indian journal of sericulture, 33(2): 170-173 (1994) @No $ @ @  Vitthalrao B. Khyade, Influence of mealy bug infestation on mulberry leaves on silkworm, Bombyx mori (L). Ecofriendly Insect pest management. S. Ignacimuthu and B.V. David (Eds.), Elite Publication, New Delhi : 325-328 (2009) @No $ @ @  Susheelamma, B.N. and Urs, M.K.P., Exploitation of exotic genetic resources in breeding and its efficient utilization on improvement of mulberry. Advances in plant Sciences, 22(01) : 247-249 (2009) @No $ @ @  Oji, Y. and Ijawa, G., Effects of univalent cations on the formation of nitrate reductase and nitric reductase in rice seedlings. Plant Cell Physiol. 10(5) : 665-674 (1968) @No $ @ @  Siddiqui, M.H.; Mathur, A.; Mukherji, D. and Mathur, S.N., Regulation of nitrate reductase activity in Vigna mungo (L) by divalent cations. Angew. Bot. 56 : 407-412 (1982) @No $ @ @  Ullal, S.R. and Narsimha, M.N., Handbook of practical sericulture. Central silkboard, Bombay (1977) @No $ @ @  Ghosh, M.K.; Noamani, M.K.R.; Das, P.K.; Babu, C.M. and Srivastava R.C., Role of Mg, Zn and Mo salts on vivo nitrate reductase activity in leaves of Quercus serrata Thun. Indian J. Seric. 33 (2): 118-121 (1994) @No $ @ @  Lowry, O.H.; Rosenbrough, N.J; Far, A.C. and Randall, R.J., Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J. Biol.chem. 193 : 265-275 (1951) @No $ @ @  Hageman, R.H. and Hucklseby, D.P., Nitrate reductase from higher plants. In: Methods in enzymology, San Pietro (Ed.), Academic Press, London: 481-503 (1971) @No $ @ @  Srivastava, R.C.; Mukherji, D. and Mathur, S.N., In vivo assay of nitrate reductase in Vigna mungo (L): An assessment of the underestimation due to the presence of nitrate reductase. Ann. Bot. (Lond.), 45: 717-718. (1980) @No $ @ @  Norman. T.J. and Baily, Statistical Methods in Biology, Third edition, Cambridge University Press : 211-214 (1975) @No $ @ @  Broyer, T.C. and Stout, P.R., The micronutrient elements. Ann. Rev. plant physiology, 10: 277-300 (1959) @No $ @ @  Steward, F.C. and Sutcliffe, J.F., Plants in relation to inorganic salts. In: Treatise in plant physiology. F.C. Steward (Ed.), Academic Press, New York: 253-478 (1959) @No $ @ @  Steward, F.C., Inorganic nutrition of plants. In : Treatise in plant physiology. F.C. steward (Ed.), Academic Press, New York : 268-497 (1963) @No $ @ @  Evans, H.J. and Sorger, G.J., Role of mineral elements with emphasis on univalent cations. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 17:47-76 (1966) @No $ @ @  Epstein, E., Mineral nutrition of plants: Principles and Prespective. Wily, New York: 151-275 (1972) @No $ @ @  Hewitt, E.J.; Huckleby, D.P. and Notton, B.A., Nitrate metabolism. In: Plant Biochemistry (III Edition). J. Bonner and J.E. Varner (Editors), Academic Press, London : 663-681 (1976) @No $ @ @  Rains, D.W., Mineral metabolism. In: plant Biochemistry (III edition). J. Bonner and J.E. Varner (eds.). Academic Press, London : 561-596 (1976) @No $ @ @  Ghosh, M.K. and Srivastava R.C, Foliar treatment of optimum doses of agrochemicals can improve the quality of oak tasar cocoons. Curr. 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<#LINE#>Anthocyanin-dyed TiO2 Electrode and its Performance on Dye-sensitized Solar Cell<#LINE#>L.U.@Okoli,J.O.@Ozuomba,A.J.@Ekpunobi,P.I.@Ekwo<#LINE#>22-27<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJRS-2012-73.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Physics, Federal College of Education, Technical, Umunze, NIGERIA @ Department of Physics and Industrial Physics, Madonna University, Elele, NIGERIA @ Department of Physics and Industrial Physics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NIGERIA  <#LINE#>19/2/2012<#LINE#>12/3/2012<#LINE#>  The dye-sensitized solar cell, often called the “gratzel cell” after its inventor, is a promising route toward harvesting solar energy in the effort to address the daunting global energy and environment challenges of the 21st century. Recently, dye-sensitized solar cells based on natural pigments have been demonstrated. The performance of anthocyanin local dye as photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell has been successfully studied. Anthocyanin dye is an extract from hibiscus sabdariffa which is an edible plant called zobo by Nigerians. Anthocyanin-stained TiO2 electrode showed an outstanding optical absorbance within wavelength range of 283 nm – 516 nm. Peak absorbance of 2.16A.U. 2.26A.U. and 2.38A.U. were recorded in the UV region at 324.45nm, 344.87nm and 369.35nm respectively. Appreciable absorbance was recorded in the visible region with two outstanding peaks; 2.26A.U. and 2.16A.U., occurring at 405.99nm and 426.47nm respectively. The photovoltaic parameters of a second cell fabricated with unstained TiO2 photo-electrode was studied for comparison of results. The overall conversion efficiency of the stained and unstained cells were 0.58% and 0.03% respectively.   <#LINE#> @ @   Phadke S., Sorge J. D., Hachtmann S. and Birnie D. P., Broad band optical  characterization of sol-gel TiO2 thin film microstructure evolution with temperature, Thin Solid Films, 518, 5467-5470 (2010) @No $ @ @   Waita S. M., Mwabora, J. M., Aduda, B. O., Niklasson, G. A., Lindquist S. and Granqvist C., Performance of dye sensitized solar cells fabricated from obliquely DC sputtered TiO2 films, Afr. J. of Sci. Tech., 7, 106-119 (2006) @No $ @ @   Turkovic A., Tonejc A., Popovic S., Dubcek P., Ivanda M., Music S. and Gotic M., Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman Scattering studies of nanophase TiO2, Fizika, A 6, 77-88 (1997) @No $ @ @   O’Regan B. and Gratzel M., A Low-cost high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films, Nature, 353, 737-740 (1991) @No $ @ @   Manmeeta, Dhiraj S., Sharma G. D. and Roy M. S., Improved performance of oxidized alizarin based quasi solid state dye sensitized solar cell by surface treatment, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(2), 61-71 (2012) @No $ @ @   Pawar M. J. and Nimbalkar V. B., Synthesis and phenol degradation activity of Zn and Cr doped TiO2 nanoparticles, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 2(1), 32-37 (2012) @No $ @ @   Mai L., Huang C., Wang D., Zhang Z. and Wang Y., Effect of C doping on the structural and optical properties of sol-gel TiO2 thin films, Appl. Surface Sci., 255, 9285-9289 (2009) @No $ @ @  Wang M. C., Lin H. J. and Yang T. S., Characteristics and optical properties of iron ion (Fe3+)-doped titanium oxide thin films prepared by a sol-gel spin coating, J. of Alloys and Compounds, 473, 394-400 (2009) @No $ @ @   Banerjee S., Gopal J., Murakedharan P., Tyagi A. K. and Raj B., Physics and chemistry of photocatalytic titanium dioxide: Visualization of bactericidal activity using atomic force microscopy, Current Sci., 90, 1378-1383 (2006) @No $ @ @   Hasan M. M., Haseeb A. S., Saidur R., Masjuki H. H. and Hamdi M., Influence of substrate and annealing temperatures on optical properties of RF-sputtered TiO2 thin film, Optical Mat., 32, 690-695 (2010) @No $ @ @   Hamid M. A. and Rahman I. A., Preparaton of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films by sol gel dip coating method, Malaysian J. Chem., 5, 086 – 091 (2003) @No $ @ @   Ozuomba  J. O., Ekpunobi A. J. and Ekwo P. I., The viability of prophyrin local dye in the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells, Digest J. Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 6(3), 1043 – 1051 (2011) @No $ @ @   Wei D., Dye sensitized solar cells, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 11, 1103-1113 (2010) @No $ @ @   Meng S., Ren J. and Kaxiras E., Natural dyes adsorbed on TiO nanowire for photovoltaic applications: Enhanced light absorption and ultrafast electron injection, Nano Letters, 8, 3266-3272 (2008) @No $ @ @   Hagfelt A. and Gratzel M., Molecular photovoltaics, Acc. Chem. Res., 33, 269-277 (2000) @No $ @ @   Suri, P., Panwar M. and Wehra R. M., Photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized ZnO solar cell based on Eosin-Y photosensitizer, Mat. Sci. – Poland, 25, 137-144 (2007) @No $ @ @   Ozuomba  J. O., Ekpunobi A. J. and Ekwo P. I., The photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells based on ruthenium-620 and chlorin local dye, Moldavian J. Phy. Sci., 10, 220-226 (2011) @No $ @ @   Wang G., Wang L., Xing W. and Zhuo S., A novel counter electrode based on mesoporous carbon for dye-sensitized solar cell, Mat. Chem. Phy., 123, 690-694 (2010) @No $ @ @    Adachi M., Jiu J. and Isoda S., Synthesis of morphology-controlled titania nanocrystals and application for dye-sensitized solar cells, Current Nanosci., 3, 285-295 (2007) @No $ @ @      Sirimanne P. M. and Perera V. P. S., Progress in dye-sensitized solid state solar cells, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b), 245, 1828 – 1833 (2008) @No $ @ @      Ekpete O. A., and Horsfall M., Preparation and characterization of activated carbon derived from fluted pumpkin stem waste (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F), Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(3), 10-17 (2011) @No $ @ @   Lee Y. and Kang M., The optical properties of nanoporous structured titanium dioxide and the photovoltaic efficiency on DSSC, Mat. Chem. Phy., 122, 284-289 (2010) @No  
<#LINE#>Distribution and pattern of availability of storage starch and cell death of ray parenchyma cells of a conifer tree (Larix kaempferi)<#LINE#>M.A.@Islam,S.@Begum,S.@Nakaba,R.@Funada<#LINE#>28-37<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJRS-2012-96.pdf<#LINE#>  Graduate Training Institute, Bangladesh Agricultural University, BANGLADESH @ Department of Crop Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, BANGLADESH @ Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, JAPAN  <#LINE#>29/2/2012<#LINE#>6/3/2012<#LINE#>  Starch in the ray parenchyma cells of Larix kaempferi tree varies considerably on the position of trunk. The maximum starch granules observed in sapwood, mostly outer to middle part. Most starch grains were localized in middle lines of parenchyma cells rather than upper and lower lines. Parenchyma cells of the phloem part also content starch rather than outer bark due to content dead cell almost. The distribution of nuclei in secondary xylem cells of L. kaempferi resembled cell death. Starch disappearing occurred prior to cell death in secondary xylem cells. Some characteristics heartwood inducing substances synthesized just after starch depletion, which might be deposited in cell wall. Ray parenchyma cells remained alive for several years. The timing of cell death of middle ray cells different from upper and lower radial ray cells within a ray. Our results also indicate that the position of starch depletion within a ray might affect the timing of cell death. The distribution pattern of storage starch and cell death was inter-linked with each other. This relationship controls the formation of heartwood in conifer trees. This report would be helpful for further research to clarify the heartwood formation in conifers, which has importance in tree breeding program and improvement of quality wood.   <#LINE#> @ @   Chaffey N. and Barlow P., The cytoskeleton facilitates a three-dimensional symplasmic continuum in the long-lived ray and axial parenchyma cells of angiosperm trees, Planta, 213, 811-823 (2001) @No $ @ @   Sauter J.J., Photosynthate allocation to the vascular cambium: facts and problems, In: Savidge R., Barnett J. and Napier R., (eds.) Molecular and cell biology of wood formation, BIOS Scientific, Oxford, 71-83 (2000) @No $ @ @   IAWA (International Association of Wood Anatomists), Multilingual glossary of terms used in wood anatomy, Verlagsanstalt Buchdrucherei Konkordia, Sinterthur, Switzerland (1964) @No $ @ @   Bamber R.K. and Fukuzawa K., Sapwood and heartwood: a review, For Abstract, 46, 567-580 (1985) @No $ @ @   Hillis W.E., Heartwood and Tree Exudates, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 14-21, 120-179 (1987) @No $ @ @   Taylor A., Gartner B.L. and Morrell J.J., Heartwood formation and natural durability-a review, Wood Fiber Sci., 34, 587-611 (2002) @No $ @ @ Magel E.A., Biochemistry and physiology of heartwood formation, In: Savidge R., Barnett J. and Napier R., (eds.)  R  Moledular and cell biology of wood formation, BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford, 363-376 (2000) @No $ @ @   Funada R., Microtubules and the control of wood formation, In: Nick P., (eds.) Plant microtubules: developments and flexibility, Springer, Berlin, 83-119 (2008) @No $ @ @   Fukuzawa K., Yamamoto H. and Ishida S., The season of heartwood formation in genus Pinus, Mitt. Bundesforschngsanst. Forst-Holzwirtsch., 131, 113-131 (2004) @No $ @ @   Nobuchi T., Tokuchi N. and Harada H., Variability of heartwood formation and cytological features in broadleaved trees, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 33, 596-604 (1987) @No $ @ @   Nakaba S., Sano Y., Kubo T. and Funada R., The positional distribution of cell death of ray parenchyma in a conifer, Abies sachalinensis, Plant Cell Rep., 25, 1143-1148 (2006) @No $ @ @   Nakaba S., Begum S., Yamagishi Y., Jin H.O., Kubo T. and Funada R., Differences in the timing of cell death, differentiation and function among three different types of ray parenchyma cells in the hardwood Populus sieboldii x P. grandidentata, Trees, (2012) @No $ @ @   Begum S., Nakaba S., Oribe Y., Kubo T. and Funada R., Induction of cambial reactivation by localized heating in a deciduous hardwood hybrid poplar (Populus sieboldii x P. grandidentata), Ann. Bot., 100, 439-447 (2007) @No $ @ @   Begum S., Nakaba S., Oribe Y., Kubo T. and Funada R., Changes in the localization and levels of starch and lipids in cambium and phloem during cambial reactivation by artificial heating of main stems of Cryptomeria japonica trees, Ann. Bot., 106, 885-895 (2010) @No $ @ @   Saranpaa P., Plastids and glycolipids in the stemwood of Pinus sylvestris, Trees, 2, 180-187 (1988) @No $ @ @  Saranpaa P., Heartwood formation in stems of Pinus sylvestris L. Lipids and carbohydrates of sapwood and heartwood and ultrastructure of ray parenchyma cells, Publ. Dept. Bot. Univ. Helsinki, 14, 1-22 (1990) @No $ @ @   Bamber R.K., Heartwood, its function and formation, Wood Sci. Technol., 10, 1-8 (1976) @No $ @ @   Bamber R.K., Properties of the cell walls of the resin canal tissue of the sapwood and heartwood of Pinus lambertiana and P. radiata, J. Inst. Wood Sci., 6, 32-35 (1972) @No $ @ @   Miyamoto T., Fujita M. and Saiki H., Heartwood formation traced by the microscopic spectrophotometry in Cryptomeria, Bull. Kyoto Univ. Forests, 61, 285-291 (1994) @No $ @ @   Kwon M., Davin L.B. and Lewis N.G., I situ hybridization and immunolocalization of lignan reductases in woody tissues: implications for heartwood formation and other forms of vascular tissue preservation, Phytochemistry, 57, 899-914 (2001) @No $ @ @   Nobuchi T. and Harada H., Ultrastructural changes in parenchyma cells of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) associated with heartwood formation, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 31, 965-973 (1985) @No $ @ @   Hemingway R.W. and Hillis W.E., Changes in fats and resins on Pinus radiata associated with heartwood formation, Appita, 24, 439-443 (1971) @No $ @ @   Baqui S.A. and Shah J.J., Histoenzymatic studies in wood of Acacia auriculiformis Cunn. during heartwood formation, Holzforschung, 39, 311-320 (1985) @No $ @ @   Magel E.A., Drouet A., Claudot A.C. and Ziegler H., Formation of heartwood substances in the stemwood of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Distribution of phenylalanine ammonoim-lyase and chalcone synthase across the trunk, Trees, 5, 203-207 (1991) @No $ @ @   Nakaba S., Kubo T. and Funada R., Differences in patterns of cell death between ray parenchyma cells and ray tracheids in the conifers Pinus densiflora and P. rigida, Trees, 22, 623-630 (2008) @No $ @ @   Nobuchi T., Kuroda K., Iwata R. and Harada H., Cytological study of the seasonal features of heartwood formation of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 28, 669-676 (1982) @No $ @ @   Bhat K.V. and Patel J.D., Nuclear behaviour during heartwood formation in Acacia auriculiformis, Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Plant Sciences), 91,107-114 (1999) @No $ @ @   Nakaba S., Yamagishi Y., Sano Y. and Funada R., Temporally and spatially controlled death of parenchyma cells is involved in heartwood formation in pith regions of branches of Robinia pseudoacciai var. inermis, J. Wood Sci., 58(1), 69-76 (2012) @No $ @ @   Fischer C. and Holl W., Food reserves of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). II, Seasonal changes and radial distribution of carbohydrates and fat reserves in pine wood, Trees, 6, 147-155 (1992) @No  
<#LINE#>Adapting Gujarat to Climatic Vulnerabilities: The Road Ahead<#LINE#>B.@HiremathDeepa,R.L.@Shiyani<#LINE#>38-45<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJRS-2012-100.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Agricultural Economics, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, INDIA  <#LINE#>2/3/2012<#LINE#>7/3/2012<#LINE#>  Climate change is expected to affect agriculture, following food security and farmers’ livelihood. Though several international level interventions have taken a step forward, there is a need to carry out disaggregated analysis at the regional level, particularly, within the state in order to fine-tune the hot spot areas that need immediate interventions. Keeping this in view, and the fact that there exists a dearth of systematic literature with reference to climate change in Gujarat, the present study aims to assess the impacts of climate change particularly with reference to rainfall and temperature parameters notwithstanding the relationship between climate change and the vulnerability of people living in different districts of Gujarat. For Gujarat state as a whole, it could be concluded that the year 1987 was undoubtedly the driest year across the various agro-climatic zones during the entire period of study. The Northwest Arid Zone was the most vulnerable zone due to extreme deviations in rainfall pattern. The results of distribution of frequencies of clusters of below average rainfall years showed that in general, during the period 1978-2008, more than ninety per cent of the districts had more number of years with below average rainfall. The districts of Surat, Narmada, Patan, Gandhinagar and Amreli had more number of clusters of three years and above with below average rainfall and thereby, indicating a high variability of rainfall in these districts. The vulnerability indices constructed revealed that the variables pertaining to agricultural vulnerability were the major contributors in the overall vulnerability to climate change during the different periods. Next to the agricultural indicators, the occupational indicators were found to be the second largest contributors towards overall vulnerability. Keeping in view the vulnerability of different districts, investments in adaptation research capacity: particularly, in the development of climate proof crops, improvements in the agronomic practices of crops such as revising planting dates, plant densities etc, designing region-specific strategies particularly suited to drylands such as rainwater harvesting, livestock development and better techniques of dryland agriculture, income diversification and generating better employment opportunities in districts where out-migration is high as well as adopting resource conservation technologies emerged as the major suggestions of this study.  <#LINE#> @ @  http://www.ceeindia.org/cee/pr/climatechange04.html   @No $ @ @  Iyenger N.S. and Sudarshan P, A Method of Classifying Regions from Multivariate data. Economic and Political Weekly, Special Article, 2048-52 (1982) @No $ @ @  Mehta, L., Drought Diagnosis: Dryland Blindness of Planners, Economic and Political Weekly (2000) @No $ @ @ info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/230308/Session%202/Session%202%20Reading%202.doC  @No $ @ @   IPCC, Climate Change, Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Summary for Policymakers, Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) @No $ @ @  http://www.rashminsanghvi.com  @No $ @ @  Jani B.M., Economics of Drought in Gujarat: Issues and Policy Options for Drought in Gujarat, 1 (1989) @No $ @ @  Modi, Narendra. Convenient Action: Gujarat’s Responses to Challenges of Climate Change, 3 (2009) @No $ @ @  IPCC. Climate Change: The Scientific Basis. http://www.ipcc.ch/ (2001) @No 
<#LINE#>Microorganisms associated with Gold Jewelries Worn by Students in the University of Benin, Ugbowo Campus, Nigeria<#LINE#>C.C.@Isitua,O.F.@Igbinidu,O.J.@Imariabe<#LINE#>46-50<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJRS-2012-107.pdf<#LINE#> Department of  Microbiology, Faculty of  Life Sciences, University of  Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Edo State, NIGERIA  <#LINE#>5/3/2012<#LINE#>16/3/2012<#LINE#>  A total of 50 pieces of gold jewelries (17 necklaces, 17 earrings and 16 hand chains) worn by students in the University of Benin Ugbowo Campus were examined for the presence of bacteria and fungi. The samples were examined microscopically, culturally, morphologically and biochemically using standard microbiological techniques. The microorganisms recovered were Staphylococcus albus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus varians, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Aeromonas sobria, Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Corynebacterium sp., Bacillus firmus, Bacillus circulans, Rothia sp., Pseudomonas sp. for bacterial isolates and Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton sp., Alternaria sp., Microsporum gypseum, Diplococcium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Geotrichum candidum, and Penicillium sp. for fungal isolates. The mean population counts of bacteria and fungi isolated ranged from 1.07 x 105 to 1.61 x 105 Cfu/ml and 1.44 x 105 to 9.41 x 105 Cfu/ml respectively. Staphylococcus albus and Alternaria sp. were the most common encountered bacterial and fungal isolates in all the jewelries examined. This study revealed that human jewelries can habour microorganisms that can cause skin diseases. Therefore, it is important to sanitize the jewelries regularly.    <#LINE#> @ @   Greenbaum F. and Tom K., Silver Speaks: Traditional Jewelry from the Middle East, Readers Dig., 24(1), 56 (2004) @No $ @ @   Kunz D. and George F., Magic of Jewels and Charms, Readers Dig., 39, 401-406 (1917) @No $ @ @   Ifesan B.O., Adetuyi F.C., Onifade  A.K. and Agarry O.O., Microorganisms Associated with Human Jewelry, J.  Food, Agric. and Env. Microbiol., 2(1), 14 – 16 (2004) @No $ @ @   Yildirim I., Ceyhan  M., Cengiz  A.B., Bagdat  A., Barin  C., Kutluk  T. and Gur  D., A Prospective Comparative Study of the Relationship Between Different Types of Ring and Microbial Hand Colonization Among Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Nurses, Int.  J.  Nurs. Stud., 45(11), 1572 –1576 (2008) @No $ @ @   Kayode-Isola T.M., Eniola K.I.T., Awe S. and Admiju J.A., Sensitivity of bacteria isolated from jewelry to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, Nig. J.  Microbiol., 24(1), 2193 – 2196 (2010) @No $ @ @   Cogen A.L., Nizet V. and Gallo R.L., Skin Microbiota: A Source of Disease or Defence, Brit. J. Dermat., 158(3), 442 – 455 (2008) @No $ @ @   Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Smeath P.H.A., Stanley J.T. and Williams S.T., Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. (9th edn.), Williams and Williams Company, Baltimore, 783 (1994) @No $ @ @   Barrow G.I. and Feltham R.K.A., Cowan and Steel’s Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria. (3rd edn.), Cambridge University Press, 331 (1999) @No $ @ @   Cheesbrough M., District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Cambridge University Press, 434 (2002) @No $ @ @   Rebell G. and Taplin D., Dermatophytes: Their Recognition and Identification. University of Miami Press, Coral Gables, Florida, USA, 355 (1979) @No $ @ @   Frey D., Old-field R.J. and Bridger R.C.A., Colour Atlas of Pathogenic Fungi, Wolfe Medical Publications Ltd., London, 450 (1979) @No $ @ @   Grice E.A., Kong H.H. and Conlan S., Topographical and Temporal Diversity of the Human Skin, Microbiome Sci., 324, 1190 – 1192 (2009) @No $ @ @   Oyeka C.A. and Gugnani H.C., Skin Infection Due to Hendersonula toruloidea, Scytalidium hyalinum, Fusarium solani and Dermatophytes in Cement Factory Workers, J.  Med. Mycol. 2, 192-201 (1992) @No $ @ @   Bethesda M.D., Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects of Universal Fungal Nosocomial Infection, J. Infect. Dis., 143(3), 325 – 345 (1999) @No $ @ @   Syeed I.B., Islamic Medicine: 1000 Years Ahead of its Times, J. Int. Society History Islamic Med. 12(2), 2 – 9 (2002) @No  
<#LINE#>Investigating the Asymmetric Effects of Government Spending on Economic Growth<#LINE#>Safdari@Mehdi,Avati@RamzanGholami<#LINE#>51-58<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJRS-2012-170.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Economics, University of Qom, IRAN  @ Department of Management, Payame Noor University, Ghaemshahr, IRAN  <#LINE#>8/4/2012<#LINE#>12/4/2012<#LINE#>  In the asymmetric effects of government spending literature, only a few studies have analyzed the relationships among the components of asymmetric effects of government spending. This study provides further insight into the role of asymmetric effects of government spending in economic growth performance. in this order, auto regressive distributed lag (ardl) method has been used for measuring the asymmetric effects of government spending performance of the economic growth. This study uses annual time series data (1979-2006) and unit root test and analyze them using auto regressive distributed lag (ardl) model by pesaran et al. (2001). Findings from the empirical analysis indicate that the relationships between the performance of asymmetric effects of government spending and economic growth are informative.  <#LINE#> @ @  Reinhart Carmen M., Kenneth S., Rogoff and Miguel A. Savastano., Debt Intolerance, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: one, Brookings Institution, 1–74 (2003) @No $ @ @  Ball L., Douglas W., Elmendorf and Gregory M., The Deficit Gamble, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 30  699–720 (1998) @No $ @ @  Garcia R. and Perron P., An Analysis of the Real Interest Rate under Regime Shifts, Review of Economics and Statistics, 78 111–125 (1996) @No $ @ @  Canzoneri M.B. and Harris D., Real Interest Rates and Central Bank Operating Procedures, Journal of Monetary Economics, 42 471–494 (1998) @No $ @ @  Pesaran H.M., Shin Y. and Smith J.R., Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of relationships,  Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3) 289–326 (2001) @No $ @ @  Johansen S., Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 12 231-254 (1988) @No $ @ @  Johansen S. and Juselius K., Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration with Applications to the Demand for Money, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 52 169-210 (1990) @No $ @ @  Pesaran M.H. and Shin Y., Long-Run Structural Modeling, unpublished manuscript, University of Cambridge, (1995) @No $ @ @  Engle R.F. and Granger W.J., Co-integration and error-correction: Representation, estimation and testing, Econometrica, 55(2) 251-276 (1987) @No $ @ @  Perron P., Further evidence on breaking trend functions in macroeconomic variables. J. Econometrics, 80 355-385 (1997) @No $ @ @  Perron P., The great crash, the oil price shock and the unit root hypothesis. Econometrica, 57 1361-1401 (1989) @No $ @ @  Brown R.l., Durbin J. and Evans J.M., Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relations over Time, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 37(2) 149-192 (1975) @No $ @ @  Bahmani-Oskooee M., How stable is M2 money demand function in Japan? Japan and World Economy, 13(4) 455-461 (2001) @No $ @ @  Mangang P.N., Health Beliefs and Perception of Well-being among the Lois of Thanga in Manipur, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(4) 46-52 (2012) @No $ @ @  Nwajei G.E., Okwagi P., Nwajei R.I. and Obi-Iyeke G.E., Analytical Assessment of Trace Elements in Soils, Tomato Leaves and Fruits in the Vicinity of Paint Industry, Nigeria, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(4) 22-26 (2012) @No $ @ @  Amanchi N.R. and Mohd M.H., Ecophysiological and cytopathological impact of delfin insecticide (Bacillus thuringiensis) to a unicellular ciliate protozoan, Euplotes patella, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(4) 64-67 (2012) @No 
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Spectroscopic Analysis of Siddha Medicine "Nandukkal Parpam"<#LINE#>Ariponnammal@S.<#LINE#>59-61<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJRS-2012-39.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Physics, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram, Dindigul District Tamil Nadu, INDIA  <#LINE#>23/1/2012<#LINE#>6/3/2012<#LINE#>  A siddha medicine namely “Nandukkal Parpam” has been analysed by using UV spectroscopy and constant deviation spectrograph. An attempt has been made to study the parpam based on physicist point of view and the study reveals that the medicine contains iron and calcium as major constituents and traces of sodium and silicon.   <#LINE#> @ @  Robert C.Weast, David R.Lide, Melvin J.Astle and William H.Beyer, CRC Hand book of Chemistry and Physics, 70th edition E-211 (1989) @No $ @ @    Impcops Publisher, Formulary of siddha medicines, Fourth edition 225(1993) @No $ @ @    Abstracts and Papers presented in UGC Refresher Course in Physics, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed University Gandhigram, 30 (2002) @No $ @ @    T.Udagawa and T.Nakanisi, Ninth international symposium on Gallium Arsenide and Related Compounds held at Oiso, Japan, Edited by T.Sugano, 19 (1981) @No 
<#LINE#>Zooplankton Composition in Dahanu Creek-West Coast of India<#LINE#>S.S.@Kadam,L.R.@Tiwari<#LINE#>62-65<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJRS-2012-47.pdf<#LINE#>N.B. Mehta Science college, Bordi, Tal., Dahanu, Dist., Thane, MS, INDIA @ Maharshi Dayanand College Parel, Mumbai MS, INDIA  <#LINE#>31/1/2012<#LINE#>6/3/2012<#LINE#>The distribution and faunistic composition of zooplankton was studied during November 2008 and October 2009 from Dahanu creek- west coast of India. Geographical location of Dahanu is 190 58� N and 720 44�E .Total 21 group of zooplankton were observed during the study period. Maximum species diversity was observed at station 1 (in open sea) and minimum at station 5 (in creek). Zooplankton biomass varied from 65.40 to 120.80 ml .100 m-3(average 80.94 ml. 100 m-3 )in the outer creek and 12.50 to 64.30 ml.100 m-3( average 29.62 ml. 100 m-) in the inner creek area . Zooplankton biomass was highest in October at all stations however low biomass was recorded in July when the salinity decreased considerably. The dry weight of zooplankton ranged from 3.965 to 11.830 gr.100 m-3 (average 7.496 gr.100 m-3 ) in outer creek and 1.280 to 5.932 gr.100 m-3 (average 3.005 gr.100 m-3 ) in inner creek area .The dry wet of zooplankton was maximum in October at all the stations and was minimum in July. Copepods, decapod larvae, egg mass, fish eggs, fish larvae, polychaete larvae, hydrozoans, tintinnids and chethognaths formed dominant groups of total zooplankton population. <#LINE#> @ @   Reymont, Plankton and productivity in the oceans, II Zooplankton 2nd Edition Pergamon press 824 (1983) @No $ @ @   Gajbhiye S.N., Comparative study of zooplankton population in polluted and unpolluted regions of Bombay, M.Sc.Thesis, University of Bombay, (1979) @No $ @ @   Heinner Fabian, Rolf Koppelmann and Horst Weikert, Full depth of zooplankton composition at two deep sites in the western and central Arabian sea, Indian J marine sci.  34 (2), 174-187 (2005) @No $ @ @  Strikland J.D.J. and Parsons, A., practical handbook of sea water analysis, Fis.Res.Bv.of Canada, Bull. no.167 (1972) @No $ @ @   Gajbhiye S.N., Krishnakumari L. Govindan K., Abidi S.A.H. and Nair V.R., Studies on selected Biological parameters off Mithapur (Gujarat), J.Indian Fish.Asso., 18, 459-473 (1988) @No $ @ @   I. Nageswara Rao and R. Ratna Kumari, Biochemical composition of zooplankton from Visakhapatnam harbour waters, east coast of India, Indian J marine sci.  3(2), 125-129 (2002) @No $ @ @   Goswami S.C. and Padmavati G., Zooplankton production, composition and diversity in the coastal water of Goa, Indian J. marine sci., 25(2), 91-97 (1996) @No $ @ @    Nair V.R., Gajbhiye S.N., Krishnakumari L. and Desai B.N., Biomass and composition of zooplankton in the near sea shore waters of Thal, Maharashtra,  Indian J marine sci., 12, 160-165 (1883) @No $ @ @   Tiwari LR, Nair V.R., Zooplankton composition in Dharamtar creek adjoining Bombay horbour, Indian J marine sci.,  22, 63-69 (1993) @No $ @ @   Madhupratap M., Free-living copepods of the Arabian sea, Distribution and research prospective, Indian J marine sci., 28, 146-149 (1999) @No $ @ @   Jiyalal Ram M. and Goswami S.C., Observation of plankton pigments, zooplankton and physico-chemical parameters in surface waters from souththern Indian ocean and Antarctic ocean, Mahasagar, 26(2), 123-131(1993) @No $ @ @   Santhakumari V., Tiwari L.R. and Vijayalakshmi Nair, Species composition, abundance and distribution of hydromededuceae from Dharamtar estuarine system, adjoining Bombay harbor, Indian J marine sci., 28, 158-162 (1999) @No $ @ @  Rubens M., Lopes, Marine zooplankton studies in Brazil-A brief evaluation and perspectives, Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 79(3), 369-379 (2007) @No
<#LINE#>The Ash and Calcium Content of Common Fruit Grown In Latur District, MS, India<#LINE#>ManoramaB.@Motegaonkar,D.@SalunkeShridar<#LINE#>66-68<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJRS-2012-62.pdf<#LINE#> Azad college Ausa, MS, INDIA  2Rajarshi Shahu College Latur, MS, INDIA  <#LINE#>13/2/2012<#LINE#>20/3/2012<#LINE#>  The total ash and calcium content of common fruits grown seasonally in latur district was determined by dry ash and EDTA titration method. The results of analysis of fruit Vitits Vinifera (Grapes) show 0.297 % ash and 18.25 mg / 100g of calcium. The analysis data of Syzgium camini (Jambul)show 0.488% ash and 14.99 mg / 100g of calcium. The ash content of both frait vitis Vinifera chrapes and syzgium camini (Jambul) are found to be same as that of literature values. The calcium content of Vitis Vinifera (Grapes) is found to be slightly lower and that of Syzgium Camini (Jambul) is found to be nearly same as compared to that of literature values.  <#LINE#> @ @   Ogbe A.O., George G.A.L., Nutritional and Anti-nutrient Composition of Melon Husks: Potential as Feed Ingredient in Poultry Diet, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 2(2), 35-39, (2012) @No $ @ @  Ravi K., Sivagnanam K., Subramanian S., Anti-diabetic activity of Eugenia jambolana seed kernels on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats .Journal of Medicinal Food.,7,  187–191(2004) @No $ @ @  Karp H.J., Vaihia P., Karkkainen M.U., Niemisto M.J., Lamberg-Allardt, C.J., Acute effects of different  phosphorus sources on calcium and bone metabolism in young women: a whole-foods approach, Calcif Tissue Int ., 80:251-258(2007) @No $ @ @  Paul D.K., Shaha R.K., Nutrients, vitamins and mineral content in common citrus fruits in the northern region of  Bangladesh, Pakistan. Journal of Biological Sciences, 7, 238–242 (2004) @No $ @ @  Ravi, K., Ramachandran B., Subramanian S., Effect of Eugenia jambolana seed kernel on antioxidant defense system in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats .Life Sciences, 75,  2717–2731(2004) @No $ @ @  Buclin T., Cosma M., Appenzeller M., Jacquet A.F., Decosterd L.A., Biollaz J., Burckhardt P., Diet acids and alkalis influence calcium retention in bone, Osteoporos Int ., 12, 493-499 (2001) @No $ @ @   Vidhya R. and Narain A., American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 10 (1), 112-118, (2011) @No $ @ @  Noomrio, M.H., Dahot, M.U.,Nutritive value of Eugenia jambosa fruit. Journal of Islamic Academy of Science.s, 9, pp. 9–12(1996) @No $ @ @  Pepato M.T., Mori D.M, Baviera A.M., Harami J.B., Vendramini R.C., Brunetti I.L., Fruit of the jambolan tree (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) and experimental diabetes .Journal of Ethnopharmacology., 96, 43–48(2005) @No $ @ @  Fenton T.R., Eliasziw M., Lyon A.W., Tough S.C., Hanley D.A., Meta-analysis of the quantity of calcium excretion associated with the net acid excretion of the modern diet under the acid-ash diet hypothesis, Am J  Clin Nutr ., 88:1159-1166(2008) @No $ @ @   Motegaonkar M.B, Salunke S.D., calcium content of common fruits grown in latur district calcium content of   common fruits grown in latur district, vision research review., I(I), (2011) @No $ @ @  Borah S., Ananta M. Baruah Arup K. Das, Junmoni Borah, Food Anal. Methods 2, 226–230 (2009) @No 
<#LINE#>Comparative Determination of Biochemical Constituents between Animals (Goat, Sheep, Cow and Camel) Milk with Human Milk<#LINE#>M.K.@Sabahelkhier,M.M.@Faten,F.I.@Omer<#LINE#>69-71<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJRS-2012-74.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, SUDAN  <#LINE#>19/1/2012<#LINE#>26/1/2012<#LINE#>  This experiment was conducted in 2010, in laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, The objectives of this experiment were to make comparative determination of chemical constituents between human, goat, cow, camel and sheep milks. The investigation shown that protein, fat, total solid and ash content is low in human milk as compared with other types of milk, but lactose content is high in human’s milk as compared with other milks. In addition, sheep milk has a number of unique properties that makes it the most preferred milk as compared to milk of other domestic animals. All chemical and physical characters between five types of milk shown highly significant difference at (P ≤ 0.05)    <#LINE#> @ @   Hemme A. and Otte F., Status and Prospects for Smallholder Milk Production: A Global Perspective. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2010) @No $ @ @  Chandan R., Dairy based on ingredients’ Newer knowledge of dairy foods. Cited in http;// www.national dairy council.Org./ med cent/newer knowledge /nk4Html (1997) @No $ @ @  Gamal N., Nutritional effect of milk and milk products on the body. Manual of pediatric, Egyptian (1999) @No $ @ @  McGee, Harold, Milk and Dairy Products. On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen (2nd Ed.), New York, Scribner. 7–67, (2004) @No $ @ @  Fox P.F.,   Advanced Dairy Chemistry: Vol 2 Lipids. 2nd Ed. Chapman and Hall: New York (1995) @No $ @ @  Siddig A.A., Milk product and management project in Sudan. Publisher Mazen Press of Khartoum, Sudan,   181(2002) @No $ @ @  Clarence H.E., Willes B.C. and Harold M., Milk and milk products 4th Edition. New Delhi (2004) @No $ @ @  Kanwal R., Toqeer A. and Bushra M., Comparative analysis of quality of milk collected from buffalo, cow, goat, and sheep of Apindi. 3, Islamabad region in Pakistan (2004) @No $ @ @  Gomez K.A. and Gomez, A. A., Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, 2nd. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York (1948) @No $ @ @  AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis Association, 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA (1990) @No $ @ @  Richards E.L., The reaction of lactose with anthrone and its application to the estimation of lactose in casein and other dairy products, J. Dairy Res., 26(1), 53 -57 (1959) @No $ @ @  Alichanidis E., and Polychroniadou A., Special feature of dairy products from ewe and goat milk from the physicochemical and organoleptic point of view. In proceeding, production and utilization of ewe and goat milk, Crete, Greece Oct.19 – 20, 1995, International dairy federations public, Brussels, Belgium, 21- 43(1996) @No $ @ @   Al-Tarazi H, Al-Zamil A., Shaltout F., and Abdel Samie H., Sanitary status of raw cow milk in Northern Jordan. Assiut, Veterinary Medical Journal, 49(96), 180 -194 (2003) @No $ @ @  Yousif S.M., Milk composition of Nubian and Saanen goat, M.Sc., Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Khartoum (2006) @No  
<#LINE#>Deviation from Tri-bi-maximal mixings with Charged Lepton correction in case of Inverted and Normal Hierarchical Neutrino Mass Models<#LINE#>MrinalKumar@Das,JayantaKumar@Sarma<#LINE#>72-74<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJRS-2012-86.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur-784028, Assam, INDIA  <#LINE#>23/1/2012<#LINE#>29/2/2012<#LINE#>  Deviation from tri-bi-maximal (TBM) mixing is an important topic in the recent neutrino physics. In this paper we try to get non- zero Ue3 without disturbing the atmospheric and solar mixing angles. Present analysis is in case of inverted and normal hierarchical mass models using the charge lepton correction in the PMNS (Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata) matrix without CP violating phase. Here we have shown that in this case one can perturb the TBM condition in order to generate a seizable value of Ue3 in the range of 0.6 to 0.8, while at the same time keeping solar neutrino mixing near its measured value, which is close to  and the atmosphere neutrino mixing close to .  <#LINE#> @ @  Harrison P.F., Perkins D.H. and Scott W.G., Tri-bimaximal mixing and the neutrino oscillation data, Phys. Lett., B530,  167 (2002) @No $ @ @  Pakvasa S., Rodejohann W. and Weiler T.J., Unitary Parametrization of Perturbations to Tribimaximal Neutrino Mixing, Phy. Rev. Lett., 100, 111801 (2008) @No $ @ @  King S.F., Parametrizing the lepton mixing matrix in terms of deviations from tri-bimaximal mixing, Phys. Lett., B659, 244 (2008) @No $ @ @  Li N. and Ma B.Q., Parametrization of Neutrino Mixing Matrix in Tri-bimaximal Mixing Pattern,  Phys. Rev., D71, 017302 (2005) @No $ @ @  He X. G., Li S.W. and Ma B .Q., Triminimal parametrization of quark mixing matrix,  Phys. Rev., D78, 111301 (2008) @No $ @ @  Balantekin A.B. and Yilmaz D., Contrasting solar and reactor neutrinos with a non-zero value of theta13, J. Phys., G 35, 075007 (2008) @No $ @ @  Ge H.L., Giunti C. and Liu Q.Y., Bayesian constraints on ϑ13 from solar and KamLAND neutrino data, Phys.Rev., D80, 053009 (2009) @No $ @ @  Maltoni M. and Schwetz T., Three-flavour neutrino oscillation update and comments on possible hints for a non-zero theta (13), Proceeding of Sci., 072 (2008) @No $ @ @  Goswami S., Petcov S.T., Ray S., Rodejohann W., Large U_{e3} and Tri-bimaximal Mixing,  Phys. Rev., D80, 053013 (2009) @No $ @ @  Rajkhowa M., New parametrisation of tri-bimaximal mixings, Indian J. Phys., 83, 1343 (2009) @No $ @ @  Das M.K., Singh N.N. and Patgiri M., Numerical consistency check between two approaches to radiative corrections for neutrino masses and mixings, Pramana J. Phys., 65, 995 (2005) @No $ @ @  Singh N.N., Devi H.Z., Sarma A.K. and Patgiri M., Discrimination of neutrino mass models, Indian J. Phys., 84, 751 (2010) @No $ @ @  Patgiri M., Singh N.N. and Das M K., Discriminating neutrino mass models using Type-II see-saw formula, Pramana J. Phys., 66, 361 (2006) @No $ @ @  Das M.K., Analysis of stability condition on radiative corrections of neutrino masses and leptonic mixing, PhD thesis (unpublished)@No $ @ @  Adhikari B. et.al, μ symmetry, tribimaximal mixing and four zero neutrino Yukawa textures, JHEP 10, 040 (2009) @No $ @ @  Antusch S. and King S.F., Charged Lepton Corrections to Neutrino Mixing Angles and CP Phases Revisited, Phys. Lett., B631, 42 (2005) @No $ @ @  Boudjemaa S. and King S.F., Deviations from Tri-bimaximal Mixing: Charged Lepton Corrections and Renormalization Group Running, Phys. Rev., D79, 033001 (2009) @No $ @ @  Giunti C. and Tanimoto M., CP violation in bilarge lepton mixing, Phys. Rev., D66, 113006 (2002) @No $ @ @  Giunti C. and Tanimoto M , Deviation of Neutrino Mixing from Bi-maximal,  Phys. Rev., D66, 053013 (2002) @No $ @ @  Altarelli G., Feruglio F. and Masina I., Can Neutrino Mixings Arise from the Charged Lepton Sector? Nucl. Phys., B689, 157 (2004) @No $ @ @  Mohapatra R.N. and Rodejohann W., Broken mu-tau Symmetry and Leptonic CP Violation, Phys. Rev., D72, 053001 (2005) @No $ @ @  Frampton P.H., Petcov S.T. and Rodejohann W., On Deviations from Bimaximal Neutrino Mixing, Nucl. Phys., B687, 31 (2004) @No $ @ @  Plentinger F. and Rodejohann W., Deviations from Tribimaximal Neutrino Mixing, Phys. Lett., B625, 264 (2005) @No $ @ @  Hochmuth K.A., Petcov S.T. and Rodejohann W., UPMNS = Ul+ Uν, Phys. Lett., B654, 177 (2007) @No $ @ @ King S.F., Constructing the large mixing angle MNS matrix in see-saw models with right-handed neutrino dominance, JHEP 09, 011 (2002) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Applying Wear Maps in the Optimisation of Machining Parameters in Drilling of Polymer Matrix Composites - A Review<#LINE#>SathishU@Rao.,Raj@RodriguesL.L.<#LINE#>75-82<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJRS-2012-103.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, INDIA <#LINE#>3/3/2012<#LINE#>7/3/2012<#LINE#>The use of polymeric composite materials (CFRP and GFRP) has increased considerably in aerospace engineering,automobile engineering, medical applications and structural application etc. over the last decade. These developments leadto an increase in the number of technical research papers focusing on relevant aspects concerning the machining of suchmaterials. In conventional machining, drilling is the most applied method accounting for as much as 40% of all materialremoval processes. However, problems in composite material drilling, particularly the heterogeneity and anisotropy ofcomposite materials, increase delamination, surface roughness and tool wear etc. makes the machining more complexcompared to metal machining. It was also investigated that drilling of fibre reinforced composites with conventional toolsoften results in defects like fiber debonding, fibre pullout, etc. Therefore the principal aim of this research paper is to screen through the literature on machining of composite materials, more specifically on drilling of glass/carbon fibre reinforcedepoxy composites focusing on the factors such as tool materials and geometry, machining parameters and their influence onthe tool wear. In this particular context, many researchers have worked on metals, conducting series of experiments on tool wear and wear rate, and developed the wear mechanism map for different combinations of cutting tools and metals in order to optimize process parameters. Lack of research work has been recorded so far on the tool wear mapping of drills on composite materials. This made the authors to develop the different wear mechanisms during drilling of polymer matrix composites so as to arrive at �safety zone� process parameters. Also, the observations and outcomes of this research paper would significantly contribute to the methodology that can be adopted to find the wear mechanism of drill bit while machining polymer matrix composite materials and the findings of this study can lead to the identification of improved and optimised operational parameters.<#LINE#> @ @    Adam, Jin Jiang and Peter, machining composite materials,Wear, (1997)@No $ @ @ Sang-Ook An, Eun-Sang Lee, Sang-Lai Noh, A study on the cutting characteristics of glass fibre reinforced plastics with respect to tool materials and geometries, Journal of Materials processing technology, 68, 60-67 (1997) @No $ @ @ Williams J.A., Wear modeling: analytical, computational and mapping: a continuum mechanics approach, Wear,225-229, 1-17 (1999)@No $ @ @ Chowdhury S.K., and Ganga Raju, Investigation into crater wear in drilling, International Journal of Machine tools and Manufacture, 40, 887-898 (2000) @No $ @ @ Zhang M.Z., Liu, Y.B., and Zhou, H., Wear mechanism maps of uncoated HSS tools drilling die-cast Aluminium alloy, Tribology International, 34(11), 727-731 (2001) @No $ @ @ Lim C.Y.H., Lau P.P.T., Lim S.C., The effect of work material on tool wear, Wear, 250, 344-348 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ugo E., Enemuoh A., Sherif El-Gizawy A. and Chukwujekwu Okafor, An approach for development of damage-free drilling of carbon fiber reinforced thermosets, International Journal of Machine Tools andManufacture, 41 1795�1814 (2001) @No $ @ @ Nouari M., List G., Girot F., and Coupard D., Experimental analysis and optimization of tool wear in dry machining of Aluminium alloys, Wear, 255, 1359-1368 (2003) @No $ @ @ Nouari M., List G., Girot F. and Gehin D., Effect of machining parameters and coating on wear mechanisms in dry drilling of aluminium alloys, International Journal of Machine Tools andManufacture, 45 436�1442 (2005) @No $ @ @ Abrao A.M., Faria P.E., Campos Rubio J.C., Reis P. and Paulo Davim J., Drilling of Fiber Reinforced plastics- A review, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 186, 1-7 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mustafa Kurt and Eyup Bagci andYusuf Kaynak, Application of Taguchi methods in the optimization of cutting parameters for surface finish and hole diameter accuracy in dry drilling processes, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (2007) @No $ @ @ Wang J., Liu Y.B., An J., and Wang L.M., Wear mechanism map of uncoated HSS tools during drilling diecast magnesium alloy, Wear, 265, 685-691 (2008) @No $ @ @ Faria P.E., Campos Rubio J.C. and Abrao A.M., Dimensional and Geometric Deviations Induced by Drilling of Polymeric Composite, Journal of Reinforced Plastics And Composites, 28(19), (2009) @No $ @ @ Cakir M.C., and Gurarda, A., Optimization of machining conditions for multi-tool milling operations, International Journal of Production Research, 38(15), 3537�3552 (2009) @No $ @ @ Al-Wedyan, H., Demirli, K., andBhat, R. A technique for fuzzy logic modelling of machining process. 20th NAFIPS international conference: vol. 5, (2009), pp. 3021�3026. @No
<#LINE#>Strategic Supply Chain Management: Perception versus Reality - A Review<#LINE#>Nikhil@Dev,Rajesh@Attri,Vijay@Mittal,Sandeep@Kumar,Mohit,Satyapal,Pardeep@Kumar<#LINE#>83-86<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJRS-2012-57.pdf<#LINE#>YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, Haryana, INDIA @ Gateway Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sonipat, Haryana, INDIA @ University Institute of Engineering and Technology, M.D.UniversityRohtak, Haryana, INDIA  <#LINE#>11/2/2012<#LINE#>16/2/2012<#LINE#>  Supply Chain Management (SCM) has witnessed a sea of change from simply being functional SCM to technological SCM to strategic SCM. Strategic Supply Chain Management or SSCM, as we call it today, is now considered an integral part of business strategy. The reason being, it enhances the capability of firm to develop and maintain competitive advantages in competitive environment. But the change from functional SCM to strategic SCM has not been seamless. Various gaps have been reportedin the transition process from SCM to SSCM in the literature. In the process of fulfilling the gaps, the firm tries to shift to a better process thereby attaching with it some unattended risk. In the process of mitigating such risks, one tends to develop certain perceptions which may not be correct in true sense. Such perceptions, if not identified and corrected on time may have serious implications towards the firm progress in the long run. This paper tries to identify such perceptions and also the reality pertaining to such perceptions.   <#LINE#> @ @   Melnyk, S.A., Lummus R., Vokurka R.J. and Sandor J., Supply chain management 2010 and beyond: Mapping the future of the strategic supply chain, available at http://www.thefairinstitute.org/downloads/SCM2010FinalReportNov1rev2.pdf, (2006) @No $ @ @   Chen I.J., Paulraj A. and Lado A.A., Strategic purchasing, supply management, and firm performance, Journal of Operations Management, 22, 505-523 (2004) @No $ @ @   Shin H., Collier D.A. and Wilson D.D., Supply management orientation and supplier/buyer performance, Journal of Operations Management, 317-333 (2000) @No $ @ @   Carr A.S., Pearson J.N., Strategically managed buyer-supplier relationships and performance outcomes, Journal of Operations Management, 17, 497-519 (1999) @No $ @ @   Monczka R.M., Petersen K.J. and Handfield R.B., Success factors in strategic supplier alliances: the buying company perspective, Decision Sciences, 29 (3), 553-577 (1998) @No $ @ @   Yeung A.C.L., Strategic supply management, quality initiatives, and organizational performance, Journal of Operations Management, 26, 490-502 (2008) @No $ @ @   Lambert D.M., Cooper M.C. and Pagh J.D., Supply Chain Management: Implementation issues and Research Opportunities, International Journal of Logistics Management, 9(2), 1-19 (1988) @No $ @ @   Singh H., When supply chains merge: 5 mistakes to avoid, CSCMP's supply chain quarterly(2009) @No $ @ @   Smith G.E., Watson K.J. and Baker W.H., Perception and reality: an introspective study on supply chain information security risk, Issues in information systems, 9(2), 272-278 (2008) @No $ @ @   Simatupang T. M. and Sridharan, R., The collaboration index: a measure for supply chain collaboration, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 35, 44 (2005) @No $ @ @   Metters R., Quantifying the bullwhip effect in supply chains, Journal of Operations Management, 15, 89 (1997) @No $ @ @   Araujo D. and CorrellJ., Push vs Pull – perception versus reality, The wight line, 2, (2007) @No $ @ @   Singh. H., When supply chains merge: Five steps for success, IHS Chemical week, (2010) @No