@Research Paper <#LINE#>Optimization of the Extraction of Sorghum's Polyphenols for Industrial Production by Membrane Processes<#LINE#>C.@Pascal,D.@Agbangnan,Tachon@Christine,Dangou@Justine,Chrostowska@Anna,Eric@Fouquet,Sohounhloue@DominiqueC.K.<#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2012-032 Done.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Chimie Appiquée (LERCA), Ecoe Poytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi (EPAC), Universit d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01 BP 2009 Cotonou, REPUBLIC OF BENIN @ Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur lEnvironnement et les Matriaux (IPREM), Universit de Pau et des Pays de lAdour (UPPA), UMR 5254 Technopole Hlioparc, 2 avenue du prsident dAngot 64053 PAU Cedex, FRANCE @ Institut des Sciences Molculaires (ISM), Universit de Bordeaux 1, CNRS UMR 5255 Batiment A12, 351 cours de la libration, 33405TALENCE cedex, FRANCE<#LINE#>17/1/2012<#LINE#>19/3/2012<#LINE#> For a large-scae production of sorghum’s poyphenos for food and medicine by membrane processes, different extraction parameters (temperature, duration and nature of solvent) were optimized. For a production in respect of environmental standards to an extrapolation of technology to the semi-industrial scale in the developing countries, 14 hours of extraction with magnetic or mechanical stirring at room temperature with a ratio of 1g of solids per 150 ml of water and a neutral pH were selected as optimum extraction conditions <#LINE#> @ @ Hahn D.H., Faubion J.M. and Rooney L.W., Sorghumphenolic acids, their high performance liquidchromatography separation and their relation to fungalresistance, Cereal Chemistry, 60, 255259 (1983)@No $ @ @ Subba Rao, M.V.S.S.T., Muralikrishna G., Evaluation ofthe antioxidant properties of free and bound phenolicacids from native and malted finger millet (Ragi,Eleusine coracana Indaf-15), J Agric Food Chem., 50,889892 (2002)@No $ @ @ McDonough C.M., Rooney L.W. and Earp C.F.,Structural characteristics of Eleusine coracana (finger millet) using scanning electron and fluorescencemicroscopy, Food Microstructure, 5, 247256 (1986)@No $ @ @ Awika J.M., Rooney L.W. and Waniska R.D.,Propertiesof 3-deoxyanthocyanins from sorghum, Journal ofAgricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 4388-4394 (2004)@No $ @ @ Nip W.K. and Burns E.E., Pigment characterization ingrain sorghum, I. Red varieties, Cereal Chemistry, 46,490495, (1969)@No $ @ @ Chun-Hat Shih, Siu-on Siu, Ricky ng, Elaine Wong,Lawerence C.M. Cuiu, Ivan K. Chu and Clive Lo,Quantitative Analysis of Anticancer 3-deoxyanthocyanidins in Infected Sorghum Seedlings, J.Agric Food Chem, 55, 254-259, (2007)@No $ @ @ Wu X., Prior R.L., Identification and characterization ofanthocyanins by high-performance liquidchromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem massspectrometry in common foods, vegetables, nuts, andgrains, 53, 31013113, (2005)@No $ @ @ Gous F., Tannins and phenols in black sorghum, Ph.D.Dissertation, Texas A and M University: College Station,TX, (1989)@No $ @ @ Gujer R., Magnolato D., Self R., Glucosylated flavonoidsand other phenolic compounds from sorghum,Phytochemistry, 25, 14311436, (1986)@No $ @ @ Brandon M.J., Foo L.Y., Porter L. and Meredith, P.,Proanthocyanidins of barley and sorghum; compositionas a function of maturity of barley ears, Phytochemistry,12, 29532957, (1982)@No $ @ @ Ryu H.S., Kim J. and Kim H.S., Enhancing effect ofSorghum bicolor L. Moench (sorghum, su-su) extracts onmouse spleen and macrophage cell activation, KoreanJournal of Food and nutrition, 19, 176182, (2006)@No $ @ @ Joseph M. Awika, Lloyd W. Rooney, Sorghum phytochemicals and their potential impact on human health, Phytochemistry, 11991221, (2004)@No $ @ @ Bralley E., Greenspan P., Hargrove J.L. and Hartle D.K.,Inhibition of hyaluronidase activity by select sorghum brans, Journal of Medicinal Food, 11, 307-312, (2008)@No $ @ @ Dykes L. and Rooney L.W., Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants, Journal of Cereal Science, 44, 236-251(2006)@No $ @ @ Awika J.M., Antioxidant properties of sorghum, PhD.dissertation, Texas A and M University: College Station,TX, (2003)@No $ @ @ Awika J. M., Rooney L.W., Wu X., Prior R.L., CisnerosZevallosL., Screening methods to measure antioxidantactivity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sorghum products, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 66576662 (2003)@No $ @ @ Choi Y.M., Jeong H.S. and Lee J.S., Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from some grains consumed in Korea, Phytochemistry, 103, 130138 (2006)@No $ @ @ Dykes L., Seitz L.M. Rooney W.L., Rooney L.W.,Flavonoid composition of red sorghum genotypes, Food Chemistry, 116, 313-317 (2009)@No $ @ @ Sineiro J., Dominguez H., Nunez M.J., Lema J.M.,Ethanol extraction of polyphenols in an immersion extractor, Effect of pulsing flow, Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 1121-1125 (1996 @No $ @ @ Ngaman Kohu Christelle Chantal, Bkro Yves-Alain,Mamyrbkova-Bkro Janat Akhanovna, Bni Anoubil, Goor Bi Stphane On the Composition in Secondary Metabolites and the Antioxidant Activity of Crude Extracts from Gmelina Arborea Roxb. (Verbanaceae) from Cte dIvoire, West Africa: Analysis by Thin Layer Chromatography, European Journal of Scientific Research, 161-171 (2009)21. Velioglu Y.S., Mazza G., Gao L. and Omah B.D., Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolics in Selected Fruits, Vegetables, and Grain Products, J. Agric FoodChem., 4113-4117 (1998)@No $ @ @ Ogwumike O.O., Hemopoietic effect of aqueous extractof the leaf sheath of Sorghum bicolor in albino rats,African Journal of Biomedical Research, 5, 6971(2002)@No $ @ @ Chavan U.D., Shahidi F. and Naczk M., Extraction ofcondensedtannins from beach pea (Luthyrus maritimusL.) as affected by different solvents, Food Chemistry,509512 (2001)@No $ @ @ Goli A.H., Barzegar M. and Sahari M.A., Antioxidantactivity and total phenolic compounds of pistachio(Pistachia vera) hull extracts, Food Chemistry, 521525(2005)@No $ @ @ Zuo Y., Chen H. and Deng Y., Simultaneousdetermination of catechins, caffeine and gallic acids ingreen,oolong, black and pureh teas using HPLC with aphotodiode array detector, Talanta, 307316 (2002)@No $ @ @ Sun T. and Ho C., Antioxidant activities of buckwheatextracts, Food Chemistry, 743749@No $ @ @ Hang Y., Recovery of food ingredients from grapepomace, Process Biochemistry, 23, 2-4 (1988)@No $ @ @ Metivier R., Francis F., Clydesdale F., Solvent extractionof anthocyanins from wine pomace, Journal of FoodScience, 45, 1099-1100 (1980)@No $ @ @ Revilla E., Ryan J.M., Martin-Ortega G., Comparison ofSeveral Procedures Used for the Extraction ofAnthocyanins from Red Grapes, Journal of Agriculturaland Food Chemistry, 46, 4592-4597 (1998)@No $ @ @ Eloi pal and Mouhoussine NACRO Recent advances inthe isolation and identification of high and low molecula weight anthocyanins, Current Trends in Phytochemistry,189-221 (2008)@No $ @ @ Joseph M., Awika Lloyd W. Rooney Ralph D. Waniska,Anthocyanins from black sorghum and their antioxidantproperties, Food Chemistry, 293301, (2004)@No $ @ @ Khalil A., anouvel symmetrical pyrano-3-deoxyanthocyanidin from a sorghum species,Phytochem. Lett., (2010)@No $ @ @ Jackman R.L. and Smith J.L., Blackie and son, Ltd.London, Natural Food Colorants, 244-309 (1996)@No $ @ @ Li, H.B., Cheng, K.W., Wong, C.C., Fan, K.W., Chen,F., Jiang, Y, Evaluation of antioxidantcapacity and totalphenolic content of different fractions of selecte microalgae, Food Chemistry, 102, 771-776 (2007). @No $ @ @ Bahorun T., Gressier B., Trotin F., Brunete C., Dine T.,Vasseur J., Gazin J.C., Pinkas M., Luycky M. and Gazin M., Oxygen species scavenging activity of phenolicextracts from hawthorn fresh plant organs an pharmaceutical preparations, Arzneimittel-Forschung,46, 1086-1089 (1996)@No $ @ @ Ribreau-Gayon P. et Stonestreet E. Dosage desanthocyanes dans le vin rouge, Bull. Soc. Chim., 9, 2649 2652 (1965) @No $ @ @ Montes C., Vicario I.M., Raymundo M., Fett R., Heredia F. J., Application of tristimulus colorimetry to optimize the extraction of anthocyanins from Jaboticaba (Myricia Jaboticaba Berg.), Food Research International, 38, 983-988 (2005)@No $ @ @ Fuleki T., Francis F. J., Quantitative Methods for Anthocyanins1, Extraction and Determination of Total Anthocyanin in Cranberries, Journal of Food Science, 33, 72-77 (1968)@No $ @ @ Fuleki T., Francis F.J., Quantitative Methods for Anthocyanins2. Extraction and Determination of Total Anthocyanin in Cranberries, Journal of Food Science,33, 78-83 (1968) @No $ @ @ Jurd L. Chemistry of flavonoid Compounds; PergamonPress: Oxford, (1962)@No $ @ @ Joseph M. AWIKA, Lloyd W. Rooney, and Ralph D.Waniska; J., Properties of 3-desoxyanthocyanidins fromsorghum, J. Agric Food Chem., 52, 4388-4394 (2004)@No $ @ @ Rglement (CE) No 1223/2009 DU Parlement Europenet du Conseil du 30 novembre 2009 relatif aux produitscosmtiques @No <#LINE#>Impact of Air-Pollution on pH of soil of Saran, Bihar, India<#LINE#>K.P.@Srivastava,VikashKumar@Singh <#LINE#>9-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2012-036 Done.pdf<#LINE#>Ganga Singh College, Jai Prakash University, Chapra-841 301, Bihar, INDIA<#LINE#>21/1/2012<#LINE#>29/3/2012<#LINE#> The pH of the upper and lower layers of soil of selected places of Saran district of Bihar was determined to access the soil-pollution due to interaction of brick chimneys smoke with soil. It was observed that the soils located near the brick chimney plants are highly polluted. <#LINE#> @ @ Norrish R. and Oldershaw, Proc., R.Soc., A, 249, 498 (1949) @No $ @ @ Arin L.M. and Warneck P., J. Phys.Chem., 76, 1514 (1973) @No $ @ @ Brady N.C., The nature and properties of soil, Eurasic Publishing House (P) Ltd. New Delhi, 238-245 (1978) @No $ @ @ (a) Rutter A.J., Effect of air pollutants on plants (ed. Mensfield, T.A.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p-1-3, (b) Willix R., 1976, Effect of air pollutants on plants (ed. Mensfield, T.A.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 161-184 (1976) @No $ @ @ Srivastava K.P. et al, Study of Impact of Air Pollution on Ph of Soils of Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India, Pollution Research, 28, 3, 491 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mishra J.N., Impact of thermal power stations on surrounding environments, The Hindu Survey of Indian Environment (2002) @No $ @ @ Page A.L., Methods of soil analysis, Part-2, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA (1982) @No $ @ @ Rathore Kanishka Raj, Dhawankar Aditi and Gungun, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) For Bus Based Rapid Transit System (BRTS) Bhopal, MP, India, Res. J. Recent Sci., Vol. 1 (ISC-2011) , 166-171 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chouhan Aarti, Iqbal Sanjeeda, Maheshwari R.S. and Bafna A., Study of air pollution tolerance Index of plants growing in Pithampur Industrial area sector 1, 2 and 3, Res.J.Recent Sci., Vol. 1 (ISC-2011) , 172-177 (2012) @No <#LINE#>Analysis of G-CSF Treatment of CN using Fast Fourier Transform<#LINE#>S.@Balamuralitharan,S.@Rajasekaran<#LINE#>14-21<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2012-053 Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Mathematics, Sri Ramanujar Engineering College, Chennai-48, INDIA @ Professor and COE, Department of Mathematics, BS Abdur Rahman University, Chennai-48, INDIA <#LINE#>9/2/2012<#LINE#>12/2/2012<#LINE#>In this research paper we try to find out and investigate the Fast Fourier Transform model and G-CSF Treatment of CN(Cyclical Neutropenia), in detail. In this analysis of G-CSF treatment of Neutropenia, we get data from CN. They are greycollies. They are usually used to build an extended model of it. It produces the dynamics of circulating blood cells. They arefound from the dogs with and without daily G-CSF therapy. It is a model which is very useful for collection of laboratory data.This mathematical model helps us to reproduce the large variation of data too. They occur from one dog to another. It has longterm effects on the oscillations when the frequency of drug delivery is made. This model is also useful to account for the featuresof untreated G-CSF. It is also useful for treatment of dogs with CN. Therefore this model is considered as an accomplished one.There is fitting parameters for 3 days and not for 4 dogs for estimation or evaluation. It is also essential and necessary to modelthe more samples for increase in Neutrophil amplification. The proposed interventions are practical. It may reduce the amountof G-CSF. It required potential maintenance. Sometimes, it may even improve the treatment effects too. This model gives us good result in treatment. The changes would be practical and reduce the risk side as well as the cost of treatment in G-CSF.<#LINE#> @ @ Adimy M. and Crauste F., Global stability of a partial differential equation with distributed delay due to cellular replication, Nonlin. Analysis., 54, 1469–1491 (2003) @No $ @ @ Balamuralitharan S. and Rajasekaran S., A Mathematical Age-structured Model on Aiha Using Delay Partial Differential Equations. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(4), 9-15 (2011) @No $ @ @ Balamuralitharan S. and Rajasekaran S., A Mathematical Age-structured Model on CN Using Delay Partial Differential Equations, Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Mathematics and Computer Applications, MEPCO Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, India, 183-187 (2010) @No $ @ @ Belair J., Mackey M.C., and Mahaffy J.M., Age-structured and two-delay models for erythropoiesis, Math. Biosci., 128, 317–346 (1995) @No $ @ @ Bernard S., Belair J. and Mackey M., Oscillations in cyclical neutropenia: New evidence based on mathematical modeling, J. Theor. Biol., 223, 283–298 (2003) @No $ @ @ Beuter A., Glass L., Mackey M.C. and Titcombe M.S. Nonlinear Dynamics in Physiology and Medicine, Springer-Verlag (2003) @No $ @ @ Colijn C., Fowler A.C. and Mackey M.C., High frequency spikes in long period blood cell oscillations, J. Math. Biol., 53, 499–519 (2006) @No $ @ @ Dale D.C. and Hammond W.P., Cyclic neutropenia: A clinical review, Blood Rev., 2, 178–185 (1988) @No $ @ @ Foley C. and Mackey M., Dynamic hematological disease, A review, J. Math. Biol., In press (2008) @No $ @ @ Foley C., Bernard S. and Mackey M., Cost-effective G-CSF therapy strategies for cyclical neutropenia: Mathematical modelling based hypotheses, J. Theor. Biol., 238, 754–763 (2006) @No $ @ @ Haurie C., Dale D.C., Rudnicki R., and Mackey M.C. Modeling complex neutrophil dynamics in the grey collie, J. Theor. Biol., 204, 504–519 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mahaffy J., Belair J. and Mackey M., Hematopoietic model with moving boundary condition and state dependent delay: Applications in erythropoiesis, J. Theor. Bio., 190, 135–146 (1998) @No <#LINE#>Analytical Assessment of Trace Elements in Soils, Tomato Leaves and Fruits in the Vicinity of Paint Industry, Nigeria<#LINE#>G.E.@Nwajei,P.@Okwagi,R.I.@Nwajei,G.E.@Obi-Iyeke<#LINE#>22-26<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJRS-2012-058 Done.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Chemistry, Delta State University Abraka, NIGERIA @ Dept. of Chemistry, College of Education Agbor, NIGERIA @ Dept. of Botany, Delta State University, Abraka, NIGERIA <#LINE#>12/2/2012<#LINE#>17/2/2012<#LINE#> Soil, tomato leaves and fruits samples collected for the period covering May to October, 2011 in the vicinity of paint factory were analytically digested and analysed for trace elements such as lead, cooper, cadmium, nickel, zinc, chromium, manganese, arsenic, iron, selenium and cobalt respectively. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometer of model SP 1900 pye unicam. The results obtained revealed that all the aforementioned trace elements analysed were detected and metal concentrations were varied except cadmium, arsenic and selenium with constant value for all the months (0.01mg/kg). The mean concentrations of lead, copper, nickel, zinc, manganese and iron exceeded those of tomato leaves and fruits. The mean metal concentrations in the samples labeled SS1, TLS1 and TFS1 located at the paint factory spot were higher than those samples located 200 metres and before and after the factory spot. This study is an indicator to monitor lead in consumable vegetables around industrial locations in Nigeria. <#LINE#> @ @ USEPA, Washington D.C., The National Water Quality Inventory: Report to congress for the 2002 Reporting Cycle-A Profile, Fact sheet NO. EPA 841-F-07-003 (2007) @No $ @ @ Koo B., Assessing bioavailability of metals in biosolid-treated soils: root exudates and their effect on solubility of metals Ph.D. Diss. Univ. of California, Riverside (2001) @No $ @ @ Adiano D.C., Bolan N.S., Koo B., Naidu R., Lelied D., Vangronsveld J. and Wenzel W.W. Natural remediation processes, bioavailability interaction in contaminated soils, 17th WCSS, 14-21 August, Thailand (2002) @No $ @ @ Pomolio A.B., Leicach S.R., Grass M.Y., Ghersa C.M., Santoro M. and Vitale, Constituents of the root exudates of Avena fatua grown under far-infrared enriched light, Phytochem. Anal., 11, 304-308 (2000) @No $ @ @ Olawale-Abulude F. Trace Heavy metals concentration of soils and vegetation in the vicinity of livestock in Nigeria, EJEAFCHE 4(2), 863-8770 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rasheed M.N. and Awadallah R.M., Trace element in faba bean (Vica faba L) plant and soil as determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and iron selective electrode, J.Sci. Food Agric. 77, 18-24 (1998) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E. and Iwegbue C.M.A., Trace Metal Concentrations in Soils in the vicinity of automobile spare part market in Benin City, Nigeria, J. Chem. SOC. Nigeria, 32(2) (2008) @No $ @ @ Ageecha A., Palanisamy P.N., Sivakumar P., Ganeshkumar P. and Sujatha M., Assessment of Underground Water Contamination and Effect of Textile Effluents on Noyyal River Basin in and Around Tiruppur Town, Tamilnadu, E-Journal of Chemistry, 5(4), 696-705 (2008) @No $ @ @ Amadi A., Dickson A.A. and Maate G.O., Remediation of polluted soil I. Effects of organic and inorganic Nutrient supplements on the performance of Maize (Zea mays), Water, Air and soil pollution 66, 59-76 (1993) @No $ @ @ Anoliefe G.O. and Okoloko G.E., Comparative Toxicity of forcados Blend Crude Oil and its Water soluble fraction on seedlings of cucumeropsis Manni Naudin, Niger Journal of applied Science, 18, 39-49 (2000) @No $ @ @ Femendes J.C. and Henriques F.S., Biochemical physiological and structural effects of excess copper in plants, 57, 246-273 (1991) @No $ @ @ Kastori R., Pectrovie M. and Petrovic N., Effects of excess lead, cadmium, copper and zinc on water relations in sunflowers, Journal of plant Nutr. 15, 11-14 (1992) @No $ @ @ Iwegbue C.M.A., Nwajei G.E., Ogala J.E. and Overah C.L., Determination of trace metal concentrations in soil profiles of municipal waste dumps in Nigeria, Environ. Geochem Health 32, 415-430 (2010) @No $ @ @ Iwegbue C.M.A., Nwajei G.E., Eguavoen O. and Ogala J.E., Chemical fractionation of some heavy metals in soil profile in vicinity of scrap dumps in Warri, Nigeria, Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 21(2) 91-110 (2009) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E., Trace elements in soil and vegetations in the vicinity of Shell Petroleum Development Company operating Area in Ughelli, Delta State of Nigeria, American-Eurasian Journal of sustainable Agriculture 3(3), 574-578 (2009) @No $ @ @ Adrian O.C., Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments: Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability and Risks of Metal, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, 866 (2001) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E., Trace metals distribution in synodontis membranaceus, sediments, Asystasia gangetica and platostoma africanium from Ofuafor River around Delta Glass Factory in Ughelli North Local Government Area, Delta State Nigeria, J. Environ, Sci. China, 14(1), 79-82 (2002) @No $ @ @ Alloway B.J., Soil processes and the behaviour of metals. In alloway, B.J. (ed) Heavy metals in soils 11-37, London Blackie (1990a) @No $ @ @ Baker A., Accumulators and excludera-Strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals, Journal of plant Nutrition 3, 643-654 (1981) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E., Assesment of pollution trend of heavy metals in soils in the vicinity of Nigerian Gas Company in Ughelli, Delta State, Int. J. Boil. Chem Sci., 5(2), 845-850 (2011) @No $ @ @ Steinborn M. and Breen J., Heavy metals in soils and Vegetation at shalle mine, Silvermines, CO. Tipperary, Biology and Environment, Proceeding of the Royal Irish Academy, 99B(1), 037-42 (2010) @No $ @ @ Iwegbue C.M.A., Overah C.L., Ebigwai J.K., Nwozo S.O., Nwajei G.E. and Eguavoen O., Heavy metal contamination of some vegetables and spices in Nigeria, Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 5(2) 766-773 (2011) @No $ @ @ FAO/WHO List of maximum levels recommended for contaminants by the Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentaries Commission, 2nd series, CAC/FAL, Rome, 3, 1-8 (1976) @No $ @ @ Jarup L., Hazards of heavy metals contamination, British Medical Bull. 68, 167-182 (2003) @No <#LINE#>An Experimental Study on Separately Ground and together Grinding Portland Slag Cements Strength Properties<#LINE#>Z@Yousefi,M.@VefaAkpinar<#LINE#>27- 40<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJRS-2012-078 Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IRAN @ Civil Engineering Department, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TURKEY <#LINE#>21/2/2012<#LINE#>22/2/2012<#LINE#> In this experimental study 7 and 28 day compressive, flexural strength and slag activity indices of Portland cement control and Portland slag cement were determined experimentally. The results of this study showed that the grinding time required for slag particles are higher than portland cement clinker particles for all the tested Blaine fineness values; therefore, the grind ability of the slag is observed to be lower than the grind ability of the clinker. The results indicated that the increasing the Blaine fineness values of the mortar mixes improved both the 7-day and 28-day slag activity indices. This means that in order to increase the quality of the slag, the granulated blast furnace slag particles should be ground to much finer. Together grinding Portland slag cements show higher strength values than the separately ground ones for the Blaine fineness values of 3000 cm2/g and 3500 cm2/g at 2 and 7 days. However, for Blaine fineness values of 4000 cm2/g and 4500 cm2/g, the separately ground Portland slag cements have higher strength values than the Together grinding ones at 2 and 7 days. For 28 days, the flexural strength of the Together grinding Portland slag cements show more or less the same values with the separately ground ones for all of the Blaine fineness values. Finally, the flexural strength of the separately ground Portland slag cements show higher values than the Together grinding ones again for all of the Blaine fineness values at 90 days. <#LINE#> @ @ Hewlett P0C0, Lea’s Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, Elsevier Ltd., United Kingdom (2005) @No $ @ @ Lamond J.F., Pielert J.H., Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete Making Materials, ASTM International, United States (2006) @No $ @ @ TS EN 197-1, Cement-Part 1, Compositions and conformity criteria for common cements, Turkish Standards Institution, March (2002) @No $ @ @ Erdoğan T0Y0, Admixtures for Concrete, Middle East Technical University Press, Ankara (1997) @No $ @ @ ACI Committee 226, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as a Cementitious Constituent in Concrete, American Concrete Institute, United States of America (1987) @No $ @ @ Chemguide, Information about blast furnace slag, http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/extraction/iron.html, last accessed date: 4.3 (2008) @No $ @ @ ASTM C 989, Standard Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2008) @No $ @ @ Tsivilis S., Kakali G., Alamanou T., A Comparative Study of Intergrinding and Separate Grinding of Cement Raw Mix, Zement Kalk Gibs, 11, 74-78 (1991) @No $ @ @ Blunk G., Brand J., Kollo H. and Ludwing U., Effect of Particle Size Distribution of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Clinker on the Properties of Blastfurnace Cements, Zement Kalk Gips, 9, 41-44, (1989) @No $ @ @ Oopoczky L., Problems Relating to Grinding Technology and Quality When Grinding Composite Cements, Zement Kalk Gips, 14, 141-144 (1993) @No $ @ @ Erdoğdu K0, Tokyay M0, Türker P0, ‟Comparison of Intergrinding and Separate Grinding for the Production of Natural Pozzolan and GGBFS-Incorporated Blended Cement, Cement and Concrete Research, 29, 743-746, (1999) @No $ @ @ ner M0, Erdoğdu K. and Gnl A., Effect of components Fineness on Strength of Blast Furnace Slag Cement, Cement and Concrete Research, 33, 463-469, (2003) @No $ @ @ ner M., A Study of Intergrinding and Separate Grinding of Blast Furnace Slag Cement, Cement and Concrete Research, 30, 473-480 (2000) @No $ @ @ Binici H0, Aksoğan O0, Çağatay I0H0, Tokyay M0, Emsen E., The Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Properties of Blended Cements Incorporating GGBFS and Natural Pozzolan, Powder Technology, 177, 140-147, (2007) @No $ @ @ Doğulu S0, Effect of Fineness of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slags on their Cementitious Properties, MS Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, January (1998) @No $ @ @ Hogan F.J. and Meusel J.W., Evaluation for Durability and Strength Development of a Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, 3, 40-52, (1981) @No $ @ @ Dubovoy V.S., Gebler S.H., Klieger P. and Whiting D.A., Effects of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slags on Some Properties of Pastes, Mortars, and Concretes, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, United States, 29-48 (1986) @No $ @ @ ner A., Akyz S., An Experimental Study on Optimum Usage of GGBS for the Compressive Strength of Concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites, 505514 (2007) @No $ @ @ Fulton F.S., The Properties of Portland Cement Containing Milled Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag, Portland Cement Institute, 4-46, Johannesburg (1974) @No $ @ @ ASTM C 204, Standard Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus, Annual Book of ASTM Standards (2007) @No $ @ @ ASTM C 188, Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2003) @No $ @ @ TS EN 196-1, Methods of Testing Cement-Part 1: Determination of Strength, Turkish Standards Institution, March, (2002) @No $ @ @ ASTM C 187, Standard Test Method for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2005) @No $ @ @ ASTM C 191, Standard Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2008) @No $ @ @ Sayılgan A. et al., Mineral Processing Laboratory Manual, Middle East Technical University Press, Ankara, (2004) @No $ @ @ ASTM C 109, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2007) @No $ @ @ ASTM C 1157, Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, (2008) @No <#LINE#>Azimuthal Square Array Resistivity Method and Goundwater Exploration in Sanganoor, Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, India<#LINE#>A.@AntonyRavindran<#LINE#>41-45<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJRS-2012-094Done.pdf<#LINE#>Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Dept. of Geology, Geophysical Research Lab, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi, INDIA<#LINE#>26/2/2012<#LINE#>6/3/2012<#LINE#>The groundwater prospecting were conducted using Azimuthal square array direct current electrical resistivity method in Sanganoor,Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu. In the present investigation also it is shown that from the surface Azimutal square array electrical resistivity sounding data it is possible to estimate the groundwater water yield in the sanganoor site of granitic rocks. In this application data were collected from the field using CRM-500 Resistivity meter, Azimuthal square array technique, electrodes, wirespoll, used for the sounding. The resistivity data were processed using the formulae and plotted in the graphical form of Anisotropy graph, Radar diagram and Master curve plotting were used to identify the fracture/fault zone in the granitic rocks and it aquifer characteristics of the study area. From the resistivity profiling data is used to recognize geology of the top layer covered with clay with fine sand and calchie deposits mixed with gneissic rocks. The square array electrical resistivity method used to predict the water bearing zone is occurs at three layers of different depth that range of resistvity from 100 ohm.m to 120 Ohm.m in the study area. <#LINE#> @ @ Dobrin M.B., and Savit C.H., Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting (4th ed.,) McGraw Hill, New York (1988)@No $ @ @ Reynolds J.M., An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, John Wiley and Sons, (1),1796 (1995)@No $ @ @ Gwal A.K., Jain Kumar Santosh, Panda Gopal and GujarY.S., Study of Ionospheric Perturbations during StrongSeismic Activity by NmF2 Data, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(1),2-9 (2012)@No $ @ @ Caleb Adwangashi Tabwassah and Gabriel Ike Obiefun,Geophysical and Geotechnical Investigation of ChamFailed Dam Project, Ne Nigeria, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(2),1-18 (2012)@No $ @ @ Meidav T., An electrical resistivity survey for ground water, Geophysics, 25(5), 1077-1093 (1960) @No $ @ @ Busby J.P.,The effectiveness of azimuthal apparentresistivity measurements as a method for determining fracture strike orientations, Geophysical Prospecting, 48(4), 677695 (2000) @No $ @ @ Habberjam G.M. Apparent resistivity observations and the use of square array techniques, in Saxov,S., and Flathe, H.(eds.)., Geoexploration Monographs series, 1(9), 1-152 (1979) @No $ @ @ Habberjam G.M., Apparent resistivity, anisotropy and strike measurements. Geophysical Prospecting.,, (23) 211-247 (1975) @No $ @ @ Habberjam G.M., The effects of anisotropy on square array resistivity measurements, Geophysical Prospecting, (20) 249-266 (1972) @No $ @ @ Habberjam G.M. and Watkins G.E., The use of a square configuration in resistivity prospecting. Geophysical Prospecting., (15) 221-235 (1967) @No $ @ @ Obiefuna G.I. and Orazulike D.M., Hydrologic characteristics of the River Benue wetland in Semiarid Yola Area, NE Nigeria Water Resources, Journal of Nigerian Association of Hydrogeologists, 20(2), 54-64 (2010) @No $ @ @ Darboux - Afouda R., and Louis P., Contribution des mesures de l'anisotropic electrique la recherche des aquifres de fracture en milieu cristallin au Benin,Geophysical Prospecting., 1(37), 91-105 (1989) @No <#LINE#>Health Beliefs and Perception of Well-being among the Lois of Thanga in Manipur, India<#LINE#>Mangang@PebamNganthoiba<#LINE#>46- 52<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJRS-2012-102 Done.pdf<#LINE#> School of Social Work, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai-400088, INDIA <#LINE#>3/3/2012<#LINE#>8/3/2012<#LINE#>The concept of well-being and notion of good health varies between different societies. Health beliefs of people in a society are constructed on the basis of culture and tradition. The paper attempts to bring out the health beliefs and perceptions of good health and well-being among the Lois of Thanga Island of Loktak Lake, a fishing community of Manipur. Structured face-toface interviews were conducted among 200 respondents. Majority of the respondents perform religious practices related with supernatural causes of illness irrespective of status of education, religion, standard of living index .The indigenous community,Lois of Thanga has its own understanding of health and well-being as they are bound by the cultural beliefs and tradition with respect to perception of good health and well being. To improve access to health services, policy makers and service providers should understand the health beliefs and practices of the community.<#LINE#> @ @ Leslie S., Martha C., Lee G., and Tony A., African Americans, Faith and Heath Disparities, Downloaded from http://www.rcgd.isr.umich.edu/prba/perspectives/springsummer2004/swanson.pdf on 16th August 2011 (2004) @No $ @ @ Roberson M.M., The influence of religious beliefs on health choices of Afro-Americans Topics, Clinical Nursing, 7, 57-63 (1985) @No $ @ @ Gautam K.K., Tribal Health in India, Perspective in Medical Anthropology, In A.K. Kalla and P.C. Joshi, (eds.) Tribal Health and Medicines, published by Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi-110059, 17-45 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kathleen R. and Nancy J., Cultural impact of health-care access: Challenges for improving the health of African Americans, journal of community health nursing, 9(2) , 161-169 (1992) @No $ @ @ Gupta S.P., Tribal concept of health, disease and remedy, In Salil Basu (eds), Tribal health, published by Manak publication, Delhi-110092,161-166 (1986) @No $ @ @ Ningthoujam D.S., Scheduled Castes in Manipur, Historical Evolution and Social and Economics, Manipur University, Unpublished PhD Thesis (2007) @No $ @ @ Devi L.B., Lois of Manipur, published by Mital Publication, New Delhi-110016 (2002) @No $ @ @ Singh Jyotirmoy, Zaidi W., Sunita, Socio-economic study of Manipur (1467-1819 AD), (1999) Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/2009/997 on 15 October 2011 (2009) @No $ @ @ Khangembam Indira, Religious beliefs and practices of the Lois of Manipur, Man and Society, IV, 31-56 (2007) @No $ @ @ Purendra Prasad, Health Care Access and Marginalised Social Spaces, Leptospirosis in South Gujarat, Economic and Political Weekly, 35(41), 3688-3694 (2007) @No $ @ @ The Health of Indegenous Peoples-WHO/SDE/99.1.Geneva: WHO. Downloaded from www.who.int/mediacentre/facsheets/fs326/en/index.html on 2nd November 2011 (2007) @No $ @ @ Rizvi S.N.H., Health practices of the Jaunsaris-A socio cultural analysis, In Buddhadeb Chaudhuri (eds.) Tribal Health: Socio-cultural dimensions, New Delhi: Inter India Publication (2008) @No @Short Communication <#LINE#>The Exhaustive Resistance Exercises with various Resistances increases the Local Strength of Youth Muscles<#LINE#>S.@Abbasian,S.R.@Attarzadeh,T.@Darzabi,M.@Momeni<#LINE#>53-56<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJRS-2012-045 Done.pdf<#LINE#> Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IRAN @ Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Montazeri University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IRAN <#LINE#>28/1/2012<#LINE#>4/2/2012<#LINE#>The purpose of the research was to survey effect of exhaustive resistance exercises with various resistances on local strength of youth muscles. The resistance exercises are very important in developing physical capacities of individuals. It is necessary toconsider several variables including resistance rate and repetition of exercises and rest time between exercise bouts. Thesubjects was, 44 healthy male students with no history of resistance exercises with age range: 15-17 years (mean age: 16.1years). Performing exhaustive resistance exercises with 55, 70 and 85% resistance of a maximum repetition significantlyincreased the strength of upper and lower extremity muscles of 15 to 17 year old male adolescents (p<0.05). The effect ofexhaustive resistance exercises with 55, 70 and 85% resistance of a maximum repetition had a significant difference on strengthof upper and lower extremity muscle strengths (p<0.05). Such exercises with 70% maximum repetition were more effective uponstrength of upper and lower extremities. So, performing exercises with 70% resistance of maximum repetition for adolescents may be the best way to increase their muscle strength<#LINE#> @ @ Peterson A., maximizing strength development in adults: A Meta analysis to determine the dose response relationship, J. Strength Con Res., 18,377-382 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bumpa T., Schedule and design of resistance exercises in sports, Daneshfar press, Tehran, Iran, 4rd, 150-168 (2002) @No $ @ @ Pincivero D.M., Effects of rest interval on isokinetic strength and functional performance after short term high intensity training, Brit J. Sports Med., 31, 229-234 (1997) @No $ @ @ Lee B.C., The effect of rest-interval on fatigue during resistance exercise between young and old adults, A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Fullerton.,1rd, 145-156 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gerson E.C., Muscular adaptations in response to three different resistance training regimens: Specificity of repetition maximum training zones, Eur.J. Appl. Physiol., 10, 107-117 (2002) @No $ @ @ Berger R., Optimum repetitions for the development of strength, J. Res Quar for Exer and Sport., 33, 333-338 (1962) @No $ @ @ Faigenbaum A.D., Effects of different resistance training protocols on upper body strength and endurance development in children, J. Strength Cond. Res., 15, 459-46 (2001) @No $ @ @ Willardson J.M. and Burkett L.N., A comparison of 3 different rest intervals on the exercise volume completed during a workout, J. Strength Cond. Res.,19, 23-26 (2005) @No $ @ @ McNeil C.J., Torque loss induced be repetitive maximal eccentric contractions is marginally influenced by work-to-rest ration, Eur. J. Appl. phys., 91, 579-585 (2004) @No $ @ @ Hebestreit H., Recovery of muscle power after high intensity short-term exercise: Comparing boys and men, J. Appl. Phys., 74, 75-80 (1993) @No $ @ @ David G.L., Effects of short vs. long rest period between sets on elbow - flexor muscular endurance during resistance training to failure, J. Strength Cond. Res., 21,20- 25 (2007) @No $ @ @ Rahimi R., The effect of different rest intervals between sets on the training volume of male athletes, J. Phys. Ed and sport., 5, 37-46 (2007) @No $ @ @ Larson G.D. and Pptteiger J.A., A comparison of three different rest intervals between multiple squat bouts, J. Strength Cond. Res., 11, 115-118 (1997) @No $ @ @ Bello Y., Regioselective Synthesis of γ -Butenoildes Mediated by Silvertrifluroacetate with Β-Halo Acetals, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(1), 85-88 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mathew T. and Agrawal S., Design and development of fast Melting Tablets of Terbutaline Sulphate, Res.J.Chem. Sci., 1(1), 105-110 (2012) @No $ @ @ Abdessmed D., Effect of recovery during on muscular power and blood lactate during the bench press exercise, J sport med., 20, 368-373 (1999) @No $ @ @ Michael M.R. and Carig C., The influence of varied rest interval lengths on depth jump performance, J. Strength Cond. Res., 15, 279-283 (2001) @No $ @ @ Paracell A.C., Minimum rest period for strength recovery during a common isokinetic testing protocol, J. Med Sci and Sport Exer., 34, 1018-1022 (2002) @No $ @ @ Jensen Randall L. and Ebben W. P., Kinetic analysis of complex training rest interval effect on vertical jump performance, J. Strength Cond. Res., 20, 14-20 (2003) @No $ @ @ Richmond S.R. and Godard N.P., The effects of varied rest periods between sets to failure using the bench press in recreationally trained men, J. Strength Cond. Res., 18, 846-849 (2004) @No $ @ @ Willardson J.M. and Burkett L.N., A comparison of 3 different rest intervals and the exercise volume completed during a workout, J. Strength Cond. Res., 19, 396-399 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bottaro M., The effect of rest interval quadriceps torque during an isokinetic testing protocol in elderly, J. Sport Sci and Med., 4, 285-290 (2005) @No $ @ @ Juha P.A., Short vs. Long rest period between the sets in hypertrophic resistance training: influence on muscle strength, size and hormonal adaptations in trained men, J. Strength Cond. Res., 19,572-583 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lee B., The effect of rest-interval on fatigue during resistance exercise between young and old adults, A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Fullerton ., 1rd,25-35 (2006) @No $ @ @ David G.L., Effects of short vs. long rest period between sets on elbow - flexor muscular endurance during resistance training to failure, J. Strength Cond. Res., 21,1320-1325 (2007) @No <#LINE#>Economic and Performance Analysis of Thermal System<#LINE#>Nikhil@Dev,Rajesh@Attri,Vijay@Mittal,Sandeep@Kumar,Mohit@,@Satyapal,Pardeep@Kumar<#LINE#>57-59<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJRS-2012-056 Done.pdf<#LINE#>YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, Haryana, INDIA @ Gateway Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sonipat, Haryana, INDIA @ University Institute of Engineering and Technology, M.D. University Rohtak, Haryana, INDIA <#LINE#>11/2/2012<#LINE#>16/2/2012<#LINE#> For the feasibility of any thermal system economic analysis is must. In the present work economic analysis of a cogeneration power plant is made for increasing the efficiency of cycle. From the literature it is being observe that for increased efficiency the factor which should be taken in to consideration are: air compressor efficiency, gas turbine efficiency, mass flow rate of air, turbine inlet temperature, pressure loss and size of combustion chamber, LMTD for heat transfer surfaces, cycle pressure ratio and mass of steam to be produced. Mathematical model available in literature is used and a computer program in software MATLAB is executed for the analysis. Trend observed for the increase in cost are tabulated in the results. <#LINE#> @ @ Saravanamuttoo H.I.H., Rogers G.F.C. and Cohen H., Gas Turbine Theory, Pearson Education Limited, 1-20 (2001) @No $ @ @ De Biasi V., M701G2 combined cycle is rated at 489 MW and 58.7% efficiency, Gas Turbine World, 7, 9-13 (2000) @No $ @ @ Xiaotao Z., Hideaki S., Weidou N. and Zheng L., Economics and Performance Forecast of Gas Turbine Combined Cycle, Tsinghua Science and Technology, 10(5), 633-636 (2005) @No $ @ @ Masada J. and Fukue I., Operating experience in refinery application of the 13 MW-class heavy duty MF-111 gas turbine engine, Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition, Brussels, Belgium, (1990) @No $ @ @ Tsukuda Y., Akita E., Arimura H., Tomita Y. and Kuwabara M., The operating experience of the next generation M501G/M701G gas turbine, Proceedings of ASME TURBO EXPO 2001, New Orleans, Louisiana (2001) @No $ @ @ Swanekamp R., Gas turbines, combined-cycles harvest record orders, Power, 3, 30-32 (2000) @No $ @ @ Sato M., Kobayashi Y., Matsuzaki H., Aoki S., Tsukuda Y. and Akita E., Final report of the key technology development program for a next generation high-temperature gas turbine, Jounal of Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power, 119, 617-623 (1997) @No $ @ @ Dev N., Samsher and Kachhwaha S.S., Computational Analysis of Dual Pressure Non-reheat Combined-Cycle Power Plant with Change in Drum Pressures, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 5(8), 1307-1313 (2010) @No $ @ @ Valero A., Lozano M.A., Serra L., Tsatsaronis G, Pisa J., Frangopoulos C. and Von Spakovsky M.R., CGAM Problem: Definition and Conventional Solution, Energy, 19(3), 279-286 (1994) @No <#LINE#>The Ash and Iron Content of Common Vegetable Grown in Latur District, India<#LINE#>ManoramaB.@Motegaonkar,D.@SalunkeShridar<#LINE#>60-63<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJRS-2012-061 Done.pdf<#LINE#>Azad College Ausa, MS, INDIA @ Rajarshi Shahu College, Latur, MS, INDIA <#LINE#>13/2/2012<#LINE#>20/3/2012<#LINE#> The total ash and iron content of common vegetable grown seasonally in Latur district was determined by dry ash and potassium dichromate titration method. The results of analysis of vegetable DaucusCarots L (carrot) show 1.027% ash and 1.841 mg /1oogm of iron. The analysis data of LycopersiconEsculentaum (Tomato) show 0.508% ash and 0.455 mg/ 100g of iron. The ash contents of both vegetables DaucusCarota (carrot) and LycopersicomEsculentum (Tomato) are found to be same as that of literature values. The iron content of DaucusCarota (carrot) is found to be slightly lower and that of lycopersicomEsculentum (Tomato) is found to be slightly higher as compared to that of literature values. <#LINE#> @ @ Aberoumand A., Nutritional evaluation of edible Portulacaoleracia as plant food, Food Anal Methods, Doi: 10.1007/s12161-008-9049-9 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mangale S.M., Chonde S.G. and Raut P.D., Use of Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) seed as Natural Absorbent and an antimicrobial agent for ground water treatment, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(3), 31-40 (2012) @No $ @ @ Meyer L.H., Food Chemisty Affiliated East West Press PVT. LTD. New Delhi, East-West students Edition, 3, 4 (1973) @No $ @ @ Aberoumand A. and Deokule S.S., Determination of elements profile of some wild edible plants, Food Anal Methods, Doi: 10.1007/s12161-008-9038-z., (2008) @No $ @ @ Barrett D.M. and Lloyd B., Advanced preservation methods and nutrient retention in fruits and Vegetables, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 92(1), 7-22 (2011) @No $ @ @ Gillman S., Protective effect of fruits and vegetables on development of stroke in men, JAMA, 273, 1113. (1995) @No $ @ @ Gibson R.S., Zinc nutrition in developing countries, Nutr Res Rev.,7, 151–173 (1994) @No $ @ @ Sun-Waterhouse D., Teoh C. Massarotto A., Wibisono R. and Wadhwa S., Comparative analysis of fruit-based Functional snack bars, Food Chemistry., 119, 1369–1379 (2010) @No $ @ @ Longvah T., Nutritive value of North-east Indian plant food, Nutr News., 21(1), 1–6 (2000) @No $ @ @ Dhanalakshmi S.V., Ramanujam R.A, Biogas Generation in a Vegetable Waste Anaerobic Digester, An Analytical Approach, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(3), 41-47 (2012) @No $ @ @ AOAC Official methods of analysis of Association of Official Agricultural Chemist, 15th edn, Washington, DC., (1990) @No $ @ @ Baruah A.M. and Borah R.C., Practical manual on elementary plant biochemistry and chemistry of plant product (PP.4). BNCA, Assam Agricultural University, Chariali, Assam (1998) @No <#LINE#>Ecophysiological and cytopathological impact of delfin insecticide (Bacillus thuringiensis) to an unicellular ciliate protozoan, Euplotes patella<#LINE#>NageswaraRao@Amanchi,Hussain@Mohd.Masood<#LINE#>64-67<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJRS-2012-101 Done.pdf<#LINE#> Protozoology and Environmental Toxicology Unit, Department of Zoology Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, INDIA <#LINE#>2/3/2012<#LINE#>7/3/2012<#LINE#> Ciliates have been exploited as useful and highly potential models for water quality fluctuations and toxicant influx. They have remained as models due to ubiquitous nature, speed of analysis, faster generation time, minimal epigenetic variability and genomic similarity to highest organism. These organisms have developed specialization of intracellular structures and functions, comparable what has occurred between the different cells of a multicellular organism. Depletion in the food vacuole formation and changes in the contractile vacuole activity highlighted the importance of Euplotes. The tests carried in this study are simple, fast and give overall information about the ecophysiological effects of delfin in response to toxicant influx. <#LINE#> @ @ Landis W.G. and Yu M.H., Introduction to environmental toxicology, Impacts of chemicals upon Ecological systems, 2nd edn., Lewis, Boca Raton, FL (1995) @No $ @ @ Weisse T., Freshwater ciliates as ecophysiological model organisms - lessons from Daphnia, major achievements, and future perspectives, Arch. Hydrobiol., 167, 371-402 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gutierrez J.C., Gonzalez A.M., Diaz S. and Ortego R., Ciliates as a potential source of biomarkers / biosensors for heavy metal pollution, Europ. J. Protistol., 39, 461-467 (2003) @No $ @ @ Martin-Gonzalez A., Daz S., Borniquel S., Gallego A. And Gutierrez J. C., Cytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by ciliated protozoa isolated from urban wastewater treatment plants, Res. Microbiol., 157, 108-118 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rouabhi R., Berrebbah H. and Djebar M.R., Toxicity evaluation of flucycloxuron and diflubenzuron on the cellular model, Paramecium sp, Afri. J. Biotechnology, 5(1), 045-048 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kirby P.L., Materials and methods in the study of protozoa. University of California press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, 1-55 (1950) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 18th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. 2005, Port city Press, Baltimore, Maryland (1995) @No $ @ @ Guido P. and Daniel D., Toxicity tests on ciliates. A short Review, J. Ecotoxicol Environ. Saf., 2, 105-114 (1978) @No $ @ @ Apostol S., A Bioassay of toxicity using protozoa in the study of aquatic environment pollution and its prevention, Environ Research., 6, 365-372 (1995) @No $ @ @ Brutkowska M., The effect of certain salt solutions and osmotic stimuli on the ciliary movement and food intake in Paramecium caudatum, Acta protozool., 4, 353-364 (1967) @No $ @ @ Marsot P. and Couillard P., The use of protamine coated slides for immobilizing protozoa, J. Protozool., 20(1), 105-106 (1973) @No $ @ @ Masood Hussain M. and Khan M. A., Effects of endosulfan and weedar 96 on contractile vacuole activities of Paramecium caudatum, Bioved., 4(2), 143-146 (1993) @No $ @ @ Miyoshi N., Kawano T., Tanaka M., Kadono T., Kosaka T., Kunimoto M., Takahashi T. and Hosoya H., Use of Paramecium species in bioassays for environmental risk management; Determination of IC50 values for water pollutants, J. Health Science., 49, 429–435 (2003) @No $ @ @ Amanchi N.R. and Hussain M.M., Cytotoxic effects of delfin insecticide (Bacillus thuringiensis) on cell behaviour, phagocytosis, contractile vacuole activity and macronucleus in a protozoan ciliate Paramecium caudatum, Afri. J. Biotechnol., (7)15, 2637-264 (2008) @No $ @ @ Amanchi N.R., Morphological and physiological changes in Euplotes patella for the invitro cytotoxicity assessment of monocrotophos, Int. J. Env. Sci., 1(2), 221-225 (2010) @No $ @ @ Edmiston C.E. Jr., Goheen M., Malaney G.W. and Mills W. L., Evaluation of carbamate toxicity: Acute toxicity in a culture of Paramecium multimicronucleatum upon exposure to aldicarb, carbaryl, and mexacarbate as measured by Warburg respirometry and acute plate assay, Environmental Research., 36(2), 338-350 (1985) @No $ @ @ Kumar S., Lal R. and Bhatnagar P., The effects of dieldrin, dimethoate and permethrin on Tetrahymena pyriformis, Environ. Poll., 57(4), 275-280 (1989) @No $ @ @ Bagrov Y.Y., Manusova N. B. and Nikitina E. R., Effects of arginine_vasopressin and its functional analogues on contractile vacuole of Amoeba proteus: possible mechanisms of signal transduction, Protistology., 3(1), 4-8 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mori G., Erra F., Cionini K. and Banchetti R., Sublethal doses of heavy metals and Slow-Down pattern of Euplotes crassus (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia): a behavioural bioassay, Ital. J. Zool., 70, 23-30 (2003) @No $ @ @ Yada K., Abe T. and Haga N., Studies of Paramecium caudatum by means of scanning electron microscope and projection X-ray microscope, Biomedical materials and engineering., 19(2-3), 87-92 (2009) @No $ @ @ Solanki S. and Paliwal A., Effect of parathion on aquatic ciliate protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis in river Kali at district Etah (U.P.), J. Ecophysiol. Occup. Hlth., 7, 125-127 (2007) @No $ @ @ Koehring V., The neutral red reaction, J. Morphol., 49, 45-137 (1930) @No $ @ @ Brutkowska M. and Mehr K., Effect of ionic detergents on the phagocytic activity of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL and Paramecium caudatum, Acta Protozool., 15, 67-77 (1976) @No $ @ @ Stock C., Gronline H. K., Allen R. D. and Naitoh Y., Osmoregulation in Paramecium: In situ ion gradients permit water to cascade through the cytosol to the contractile vacuole, J. Cell. Sci., 205, 3261-3270 (2002) @No $ @ @ Masaki I., Aihara M., Richard S., Allen D. and Fok A. K., Osmoregulation in Paramecium: the locus fluid segregation in the contractile vacuole complex, J. Cell Science., 106, 693-702 (1993) @No <#LINE#>In-Silico Structure Determination of Protein Falstatin from Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum<#LINE#>TarunKumar@Bhatt<#LINE#>68-71<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJRS-2012-108 Done.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, INDIA <#LINE#>6/3/2012<#LINE#>10/3/2012<#LINE#> Malaria is the major cause of socio-economic loss to most of the developing countries. Several drugs have been developed against the deadly malaria causing protozoan, Plasmodium falciparum. However, development of drug resistance against existing drugs has necessitated the identification of new drug targets. Several proteases have been identified from malaria parasite which is involved in various processes like haemoglobin degradation, egress of merozoite etc. But more important aspect of malaria biology is the regulation of these proteases for effective regulation of parasite life cycle. Falstatin is such a protein which binds to many cysteine proteases and regulates their activities. Therefore, Falstatin is the potential target for drug discovery. In this study, we determined the three-dimensional structure of Falstatin by molecular modelling using Swiss Modeller and Sali’s Modeller. Ramachandran plot was used for structure validation. Falstatin active site was determined using CastP. Structural analysis of Plasmodium Falciparum Falstatin (Pf-Falstatin) could be instrumental in identifying new drug like molecules. <#LINE#> @ @ Wu Y., Wang X., Liu X. and Wang Y., Data-mining approaches reveal hidden families of proteases in the genome of malaria parasite, Genome Res., 13, 601–616 (2003) @No $ @ @ Shenai B.R., Sijwali P.S., Singh A. And Rosenthal P.J., Characterization of native and recombinant falcipain-2, a principal trophozoite cysteine protease and essential hemoglobinase of Plasmodium falciparum, J Biol Chem., 275, 29000–29010 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rosenthal P.J., Cysteine proteases of malaria parasites, Int J Parasitol., 34, 1489–1499 (2004) @No $ @ @ Klemba M., Gluzman I. and Goldberg D.E., A Plasmodium falciparum dipeptidyl minopeptidase 1 participates in vacuolar hemoglobin degradation, J Biol Chem., 279, 43000–43007 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sijwali P.S. and Rosenthal P.J., Gene disruption confirms a critical role for the cysteine protease falcipain-2 in hemoglobin hydrolysis by Plasmodium falciparum, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., 101, 4384–4389 (2004) @No $ @ @ Hadley T., Aikawa M. and Miller L.H., Plasmodium knowlesi: Studies on invasion of rhesus erythrocytes by merozoites in the presence of protease inhibitors, Exp Parasitol., 55, 306–311 (1983) @No $ @ @ Braun-Breton C., Blisnick T., Jouin H., Barale J.C., Rabilloud T., et al., Plasmodium chabaudi p68 serine protease activity required for merozoite entry into mouse erythrocytes, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A., 89, 9647–9651 (1992) @No $ @ @ Hanspal M., Dua M., Takakuwa Y., Chishti A.H. and Mizuno A., Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease falcipain-2 cleaves erythrocyte membrane skeletal proteins at late stages of parasite development, Blood, 100, 1048–1054 (2002) @No $ @ @ Aly A.S.I. and Matuschewski K., A malarial cysteine protease is necessary for Plasmodium sporozoite egress from oocysts, J Exp Med, 202, 225–230 (2005) @No $ @ @ Monteiro A.C.S., Abrahamson M., Lima A., Marcos A., Santos V., et al., Indentification, characterization, and localization of chagasin, a tightbinding cysteine protease inhibitor in T. Cruzi, J Cell Sci., 114, 3933–3942 (2001) @No $ @ @ Santos C.C., Sant’Anna C., Terres A., Cunha-e Silva N.L., Scharfstein J., et al., Chagasin, the endogenous cysteine-protease inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi, modulates parasite differentiation and invasion of mammalian cells, J Cell Sci., 118, 901–915 (2005) @No $ @ @ Otto H.H. and Schirmeister T., Cysteine proteases and their inhibitors, Chem Rev, 97, 133–171 (1997) @No $ @ @ Wickham M.E., Culvenor J.G. and Cowman A.F., Selective inhibition of a two-step egress of malaria parasite from the host erythrocyte, J Biol Chem., 278, 37658–37663 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rosenthal P.J., Protease inhibitors. In: Rosenthal PJ, editor. Antimalarial chemotherapy: Mechanisms of action, resistance, and new direction in drug discovery, Humana Press., 325–345 (2001) @No $ @ @ Pandey K.C., Singh N., Arastu-Kapur S., Bogyo M. and Rosenthal P.J., Falstatin, a cysteine protease inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum, facilitates erythrocyte invasion, PLoS Pathog, 2(11), 117 (2006) @No $ @ @ Renom M.A., Stuart A., Fiser A., Snchez R., Melo F. and Sali A., Comparative protein structure modeling of genes and genomes, Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct., 29, 291-325 (2000) @No $ @ @ Lovell S.C., Davis I.W., Arendall W.B. , de Bakker P.I., Word J.M., Prisant M.G., Richardson J.S. and Richardson D.C., Structure validation by Calpha geometry: phi,psi and Cbeta deviation, Proteins., 15;50(3), 437-50 (2000) @No $ @ @ Dundas J., et. Al., CASTp: computed atlas of surface topography of proteins with structural and topographical mapping of functionally annotated residues, Nucleic Acids Res., 34,116–118 (2006) @No $ @ @ Pettersen E.F., Goddard T.D., Huang C.C., Couch G.S., Greenblatt D.M., Meng E.C. and Ferrin TE, UCSF Chimera - A Visualization System for Exploratory Research and Analysis, J Comput Chem., 25,1605-1612 (2004) @No @Review Paper <#LINE#>Machine Repair Problem with Spares and N-Policy Vacation<#LINE#>D.C.@Sharma<#LINE#>72-78<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJRS-2012-059 Done.pdf<#LINE#> School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computational Sciences Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh Ajmer, INDIA <#LINE#>13/2/2012<#LINE#>21/2/2012<#LINE#> In this paper we have taken a machine repairable system with spares and two repairmen where “the partial server vacation” is applied. In our system, the first repairman never takes vacations and always available for serving the failed units. The second repairman goes to vacation of random length when number of failed units is less than N. At the end of vacation period, this repairman returns back if there are N or more failed units/machine accumulated in the system. Otherwise this repairman goes for another vacation. Vacation time is exponentially distributed. By using of Markov process theory, we develop the steady state probabilities equations using transition diagram and solve these equations recursively. We present derivations of some queuing and reliability measures. A cost model is developed to determine the optimum value of N while the system availability is maintained at certain level. Sensitivity analysis is also investigated. In this paper we not only analyze the queuing problems but also analyze the reliability characteristics of the system. <#LINE#> @ @ Hsies Y.C. and Wang K.H., Reliability of a repairable system with spares and removable repairmen. Microelectronics and Reliability 35, 197-208 (1995) @No $ @ @ Jain M., Rakhee and Maheshwari S., N-policy for a machine repair system with spares and reneging, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 28, 513-531(2004) @No $ @ @ Wang K.H. and Sivazlian B.D., Reliability of a system with warm standby and repairmen, Microelectronics and Reliability, 29, 849-860 (1989) @No $ @ @ Wang K.H. and Ke J., Probabilistic analysis of a repairable system with warm standby plus balking and reneging, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 27, 327-336 (2003) @No $ @ @ Gupta S.M., Machine interference problem with warm spares, server vacation and exhoutive service, Performance Evaluation, 29, 195-211(1997) @No $ @ @ Jain M. and Singh M., Bilevel control of degraded machining system with warm standby stup and vacation, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 28, 1015-1026 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kee J.C. and Wang K.H., Vacation policies for machine repair problem with two type spares, Appld. Math. Modeling, 31(5), 880-894 (2007) @No $ @ @ Jain M. and Upadhyaya S., Threshold N-policy for degraded machining system with multiple types of spares and multiple vacations, Quality Technology and Quantitative Management 6(2), 185-203 (2009) @No $ @ @ Zhong Yu, Mingwu Liu and Yongkai Ma, Steady-State Queue Length Analysis of a Batch Arrival Queue under N-Policy with Single Vacation and Setput Times, Intelligent Information Management, 2(6), June (2010) @No $ @ @ Zhang Z.G. and Tian N., Analysis of Queuing system with synchronous vacations of partial servers, Perfrmance Evaluation, 52, 269-282 (2003) @No $ @ @ Yue Dequan, Yue Wuyi and Qi Hongjuan, Analysis of a Machine Repair System with Warm Spares and N- Policy Vacations, ISORA,190-198 (2008) @No <#LINE#>Depression - A Review<#LINE#>K.@Iyer,Z.A.@Khan<#LINE#>79-87<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJRS-2012-080 Done.pdf<#LINE#> School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute Technology, Vellore, TamilNadu, INDIA <#LINE#>22/2/2012<#LINE#>6/3/2012<#LINE#> Major depression is a mood disorder characterized by a sense of inadequacy, despondency, decreased activity, pessimism, anhedonia and sadness where these symptoms severely disrupt and adversely affect the person’s life, sometimes to such an extent that suicide is attempted or results. The search for an extended understanding of the causes of depression, and for the development of additional effective treatments is highly significant. Clinical and pre-clinical studies suggest stress is a key mediator in the pathophysiology of depression. <#LINE#> @ @ Kessler R.C., McGonagle K.A., Zhao S., et al., Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-IIIR psychiatric disorders in the United States, Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Arch Gen Psychiatry, 51, 8-19, (2003) @No $ @ @ Robins L., Regier D., Psychiatric Disorders in America, New York: Free Press (2004) @No $ @ @ Depression Guideline Panel. Depression in Primary Care: Volume 1. Detection and Diagnosis Clinical Practice Guideline, Number 5. Rockville, Maryland: U.S Department of Health and Human Services; AHCPR No. 93-0550 (2001) @No $ @ @ Katon W. The epidemiology of depression in medical care, Int J Psychiatry Med, 17, 93-112 (2006) @No $ @ @ Judd L.L., The clinical course of unipolar major depressive disorders Arch Gen Psychiatry, 54, 989-991 (2008) @No $ @ @ Greenberg P.E., Stiglin L.E., Finkelstein S.N. and Berndt E.R., The economic burden of depression in 1990, J Clan Psychiatry, 54, 405-418 (2009) @No $ @ @ Blair-West G.W., Mellsop G.W. and Eyeson-Annan M.L., Down-rating lifetime suicide risk in major depression, Acta Psychiatr Scand, 95, 259-263 (2010) @No $ @ @ Harris E.C., Barraclough B., Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders, A meta-analysis Br J Psychiatry, 170, 205-228. (2001) @No $ @ @ Murray L., Stanley C., Hooper R., King F., Fiori-Cowley A, The role of infant factors in postnatal depression and mother-infant interactions, Dev Med Child Neurol, 38, 109 119 (2000) @No $ @ @ Musselman D., Evans D. and Nemeroff C., The relationship of depression to cardiovascular disease, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55, 580-592 (2002) @No $ @ @ Consensus Development Panel, NIMH/NIH Consensus Development Conference statement Mood disorders: pharmacologic prevention of recurrences, Am J Psychiatry, 142, 469-476 (2003) @No $ @ @ Pennix B.W., Guralnik J.M., Ferrucci L., Simonsick E.M., Deeg D.J., Wallace R.B., Depressive symptoms and physical decline in community-dwelling older persons JAMA, 276, 1720-1726 (2007) @No $ @ @ American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association (2000) @No $ @ @ Wells K.B., Stewart A., Hays R.D. et al., The functioning and well-being of depressed patients Results from the Medical Outcomes Study, JAMA, 262, 914-919 (2002) @No $ @ @ Howland R., General health, health care utilization, and medical comorbidity in dysthymia, Int J Psychiatry Med 23, 211-238 (2005) @No $ @ @ Wells K.B., Burnam M.A., Rogers W., Hays R., Camp P., The course of depression in adult outpatients Results from the Medical Outcomes Study, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, 788-794 (2002) @No $ @ @ Williams J.W. Jr, Kerber C.A., Mulrow C.D., Medina A. and Aguilar C., Depressive disorders in primary care: prevalence, functional disability and identification, J Gen Intern Med., 10, 7-12 (2008) @No $ @ @ Wagner R., Burns B.J., Yarnall K., Sigmon A., Walker R. and Gaynes B.N., Minor depression in family practice: functional morbidity, comorbidity, service utilization and outcomes, Psychol Med., 30(6), 1377-1390 (2000) @No $ @ @ Cooper-Patrick L., Crum R.M., Ford D.E., Characteristics of patients with major depression who received care in general medical and specialty mental health settings, Med Care, 32, 15-24 (2009) @No $ @ @ Paykel E. and Priest R., Recognition and management of depression in general practice, consensus statement, BMJ 305, 1198-1202 (2002) @No $ @ @ Simon G.E., Von Korff M. and Durham M.L., Predictors of outpatient mental health utilization by primary care patients in a health maintenance organization, Am J Psychiatry, 151, 908-913 (2004) @No $ @ @ Song F., Freemantle N. and Sheldon T.A., et al., Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: meta-analysis of efficacy and acceptability, BMJ, 306, 683-687 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kessler R.C., Nelson C.B., McGongale K.A., Liu J., Swartz M. and Blazer DG., Comorbidity of DSMIIIR major depressive disorder in the general population, Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey, Br J Psychiatry, 168, 17-30 (2006) @No $ @ @ Regier D.A., Narrow W.E., Rae D.S., Manderscheid R.W., Locke B.Z. and Goodwin F.K., The de facto US mental and addictive disorders service system, Epidemiologic catchment area prospective 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and services, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, 85-94 (2005) @No $ @ @ Pincus H.A., Tanielian T.L. and Marcus S.C., et al., Prescribing trends in psychotropic medications, primary care, psychiatry and other medical specialities, JAMA, 279, 526-531 (2007) @No $ @ @ Simon G.E. and Von Korff M., Recognition, management, and outcomes of depression in primary care, Arch Fam Med., 4, 99-105 (2007) @No $ @ @ Gerber P.D., Barrett J., Barrett J., Manheimer E., Whiting R. and Smith R., Recognition of depression by internists in primary care, a comparison of internist and gold standard psychiatric assessments, J Gen Intern Med,. 4, 7-13 (2003) @No $ @ @ Klinkman M.S., Competing demands in psychosocial care, A model for the identification and treatment of depressive disorders in primary care, Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 19, 98-111 (2001) @No $ @ @ Borowsky S.J., Rubenstein L.V., Meredith L.S., Camp P., Jackson-Triche M. and Wells K.B., Who is at risk of nondetection of mental health problems in primary care, J Gen Intern Med,. 15, 381-388 (2000) @No $ @ @ Linde K., Mulrow C.D. and St. John's wort for depression, Cochrane Review, The Cochrane Library, (2008) @No $ @ @ US Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2nd ed, Alexandria, Va., International Medical Publishing, (2009) @No $ @ @ American College of Physicians, ACP-ASIM Clinical Practice Guidelines: Current and Future Projects, Available at: http://www.acponline.org/sci-policy/guidelines/projects.htm. (2009) @No $ @ @ Feightner J.W., Early detection of depression. In, Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination, Canadian Guide to Clinical Preventive Health Care, Ottawa, Health Canada, 450-454 (2004) @No $ @ @ Arthur A., Jagger C., Lindesay J., Graham C. and Clarke M., Using an annual over-75 health check to screen fordepression, validation of the short Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) within general practice, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 14, 431-439 (2008) @No $ @ @ Banerjee S., Shamash K., MacDonald A.J. and Mann A.H., The use of the SelfCARE (D) as a screening tool for depression in the clients of local authority home care services—a preliminary study, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 13, 695-699 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bashir K., Blizard R., Jenkins R. and Mann A., Validation of the 12-item general health questionnaire in British general practice, Primary Care Psychiatry, 2, 4-7 (2006) @No $ @ @ Beekman A.T., Deeg D.J., Van Limbeek J., Braam A.W., De Vries M.Z. and Van Tilburg W., Criterion validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D), results from a community-based sample of older subjects in The Netherlands, Psychol Med., 27, 231-235 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bird A.S., Macdonald A.J.D., Mann A.H. and Philpot M.P., Preliminary experience with the Selfcare (D), A self-rating depression questionnaire for use in elderly, non-institutionalized subjects, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2, 31-38 (2000) @No $ @ @ Broadhead W.E., Leon A.C. and Weissman M.M., et al., Development and validation of the SDDS-PC screen for multiple mental disorders in primary care, Arch Fam Med., 4, 211-219 (2003) @No $ @ @ Burnam M.A., Wells K.B., Leake B. and Landsverk J., Development of a brief screening instrument for detecting depressive disorders, Med Care, 26, 775-789 (2011) @No $ @ @ D'Ath P., Katona P., Mullan E., Evans S. and Katona C., Screening, detection and management of depression in elderly primary care attenders, I, The acceptability and performance of the 15 item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) and the development of short versions, Fam Pract., 11, 260-266 (2004) @No $ @ @ Fechner-Bates S., Coyne J.C. and Schwenk T.L., The relationship of self-reported distress to depressive disorders and other psychopathology, J Consult Clin Psychol, 62, 550-559 (2004) @No $ @ @ Finlay-Jones R.A. and Murphy E., Severity of psychiatric disorder and the 30-item general health questionnaire, Br J Psychiatry, 134, 609-616 (2006) @No $ @ @ Geisser M.E., Roth R.S. and Robinson M.E., Assessing depression among persons with chronic pain using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory, a comparative analysis, Clin J Pain., 13, 163-170 (2007) @No $ @ @ Gerety M.B., Williams J.W. Jr. and Mulrow C.D., et al., Performance of case-finding tools for depression in the nursing home, influence of clinical and functional characteristics and selection of optimal threshold scores, J Am Geriatr Soc., 42, 1103-1109 (2006) @No $ @ @ Goldberg D.P. and Blackwell B., Psychiatric illness in general practice, A detailed study using a new method of case identification, BMJ., 1, 439-443 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hendrie H.C., Callahan C.M. and Levitt E.E., et al., Prevalence rates of major depressive disorders, The effects of varying the diagnostic criteria in an older primary care population, Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 3, 119-131 (2001) @No $ @ @ Holcomb W.L. Jr. and Stone L.S., Lustman P.J., Gavard J.A. and Mostello D.J., Screening for depression in pregnancy, characteristics of the Beck Depression Inventory, Obstet Gynecol, 88,1021-1025 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hoyl MT, Alessi CA, Harker JO, et al., Development and testing of a five-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale, J Am Geriatr Soc., 47,873-878 (2008) @No $ @ @ Irwin M., Artin K.H. and Oxman M.N., Screening for depression in the older adult, criterion validity of the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Arch Intern Med., 159, 1701-1704 (2009) @No $ @ @ Klinkman M.S., Coyne J.C., Gallo S. and Schwenk T.L., Can case-finding instruments be used to improve physician detection of depression in primary care, Arch Fam Med., 6, 567- 573 (2007) @No $ @ @ Leon A.C., Olfson M. and Weissman M.M., et al., Brief screens for mental disorders in primary care, J Gen Intern Med., 11, 426-430 (2012) @No $ @ @ Leung K.K., Lue B.H., Lee M.B. and Tang L.Y., Screening of depression in patients with chronic medical diseases in a primary care setting, Fam Pract., 15, 67-75 (2009) @No $ @ @ Lewinsohn P.M., Seeley J.R., Roberts R.E.and Allen N.B., Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a screening instrument for depression among community-residing older adults, Psychol Aging., 12, 277-287 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lustman P.J., Clouse R.E., Griffith L.S., Carney R.M. and Freedland K.E., Screening for depression in diabetes using the Beck Depression Inventory, Psychosom Med., 59, 24 (2011) @No $ @ @ Lyness J.M., Noel T.K., Cox C., King D.A., Conwell Y. and Caine E.D., Screening for depression in elderly primary care patients, A comparison of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies- Depression Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale, Arch Intern Med., 157, 449- 454 (2010) @No $ @ @ Myers J.K. and Weissman M.M., Use of a self-report symptom scale to detect depression in a community sample, Am J Psychiatry., 137, 1081-1084 (2000) @No $ @ @ Nagel R., Lynch D. and Tamburrino M., Validity of the medical outcomes study depression screener in family practice training centers and community settings, Fam Med., 30, 362 365 (2008) @No $ @ @ Neal R.M. and Baldwin R.C., Screening for anxiety and depression in elderly medical outpatients, Age Aging, 23, 461-464 (2004) @No $ @ @ Okimoto J.T., Barnes R.F., Veith R.C., Raskind M.A., Inui T.S. and Carter W.B., Screening for depression in geriatric medical patients, Am J Psychiatry, 139, 799-802 (2002) @No $ @ @ Parkerson G.R. Jr. and Broadhead W.E., Screening for anxiety and depression in primary care with the Duke Anxiety-Depression Scale, Fam Med., 29, 177-181 (2007) @No $ @ @ Salokangas R.K., Poutanen O. and Stengard E., Screening for depression in primary care, Development and validation of the Depression Scale, a screening instrument for depression, Acta Psychiatr Scand., 92, 10-16 (2005) @No $ @ @ Khan Z.A. and Ghosh A.R., Involvement of nNOS in the antidepressant-like effect of Withaferin-A in rats, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (JPBMS), 7, 1-2 (2010) @No <#LINE#>Biofuels: Indian Energy Scenario<#LINE#>C.@Pathak,H.C.@ Mandalia ,Y.M.@Rupala<#LINE#>88-90<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJRS-2012-064 Done.pdf<#LINE#> School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar-382 007, Gujarat, INDIA @ R&D Centre, Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizer Company Ltd. (GNFC), Narmadanagar-392015, Bharuch, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>13/2/2012<#LINE#>21/2/2012<#LINE#> Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. This growing consumption of energy has also resulted in the country becoming increasingly dependent on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. The country urgently needs to develop a sustainable path of energy development. Biofuels seems to have the potential to contribute significantly to India’s energy security. However, a clear choice needs to be made on priorities.<#LINE#> @ @ AAMA (American Automobile Manufactureres Association), World Motor Vehicle Data USA: AAMA (1998) @No $ @ @ BP (British Petroleum). Statistical Review of World Energy 2005 (54th edn) London: BP @No $ @ @ MoC (Ministry of Coal). Coal Directory of India 2003/04 New Delhi: MoC, Government of India (2004) @No $ @ @ Davis S C., Transportation Energy Data Bank (17th edn) Tennesse, USA: Centre for Transportation Analysis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1997) @No $ @ @ ESMAP (Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme), Access of the Poor Clean Household Fuels India: United Nations Development Programme and World Bank (2003) @No $ @ @ Planning Commision, Hydrocarbon Vision 2025 New Delhi: Planning Commision Government of India (1999b) @No $ @ @ Office of the Registrar General, Census of India 2001 New Delhi: Office of the Registrar General, Government of India (2001) @No $ @ @ TERI (The Energy and Resource Institute). DISHA (Directions, Innovations and Stratefies for Harnessing Action for sustainable development) New Delhi: TERI (2001) @No $ @ @ Planning Commision, Energy, Chapter 7.3 In Tenth Five-year Plan 2002-07 New Delhi: Planning Commision, Government of India (2002) @No $ @ @ Uniter Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report (2005) @No $ @ @ TERI (The Energy and Resource Institute), TERI Energy Data Directory and Yearbook 2003/04 New Delhi: TERI (2004) @No