@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Salt Tolerance of Sorghum bicolor Cultivars during Germination and Seedling Growth<#LINE#>Rani@ChauhanRekha,Reema@Chaudhary,@SinghAlka,P.K.@Singh<#LINE#>1-10<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2012-033_Done.pdf<#LINE#>2
1Department of Botany, KGK PG College, Moradabad-244001, UP, INDIA
2Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad-244001, UP, INDIA<#LINE#>19/1/2012<#LINE#>6/1/2012<#LINE#><#LINE#> @ @  Jordan W.R. Dugass Jr. W.A. Shouse P.J., Strategies for crop improvement for drought and prone regions, Agricultural Water Management, 7, 281-299, (1983) @No $ @ @  FAO, Global network on integrated soil management for sustainable use of salt affected soils, Rome, Italy: FAO Land and Plant Nutrition Management Service, (2005) @No $ @ @  Munns R., Physiological processes limiting plant growth in saline soils: Some dogmas and hypotheses, Plant Cell Environ., 16, 15-24, (1993) @No $ @ @  Munns R., Comparative physiology of salt and water stress, Plant Cell Environ., 25, 239-250, (2002) @No $ @ @  Neumann P., Salinity resistance and plant growth revisited, Plant Cell Environ., 20, 239-250, (1997) @No $ @ @  Yeo A. R., Molecular biology of salt tolerance in the context of whole-plant physiology, J. Exp. Bot., 49, 915-925, (1998) @No $ @ @  Hasegawa P.M. Baessan R.A. Zhu J.K. and Bohnert H.J., Plant cultivar and molecular responses to high salinity, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Mol. Biol., 51, 463-499 (2000) @No $ @ @  Moreno-Limon S. Maiti R. A. and Foroughbakhch R., Genotypic variability in Phaseolus bean cultivars exposed to salinity at the germination stage, Crop Res., 19, 487-492, (2000) @No $ @ @  Bayuelo-Jimenez J.S. Debouck D.G. and Lynch J.P., Salinity tolerance in Phaseolus species during early vegetative growth, Crop Sci., 42, 2148-2192, (2002) @No $ @ @  Bernstein N. Laüchli A. and Silk W.K., Kinematics and dynamics of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) leaf development at various Na/Ca salinities: I. Elongation growth, Plant Physiol., 103, 1107 1114, (1993) @No $ @ @  Netondo G.W. Onyango J.C. and Beck E., Sorghum and salinity: II Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress. Crop Sci., 44, 806-811, (2004) @No $ @ @  Niknam S.R. and Mc Comb J., Salt tolerance screening of selected Australian woody species-a review, Forest Ecology and Management, 139, 1-19, (2000) @No $ @ @  Bruning J.L. and Kintz B. L., Computational Handbook of Statistics, Scott Foresman and Company, Oakland, N. J., (1977) @No $ @ @  Mauromicale G. and Licandro P., Salinity and temperature effects on germination, emergence and seedling growth of globe artichoke, Agronomie, 22, 443-450, (2002) @No $ @ @  Jeannette S. Craig R. Lynch J.P., Salinity tolerance of phaseolus species during germination and early seedling growth, Crop Sci., 42, 1584-1594, (2002) @No $ @ @  Jamil M. Rha E.S., The effect of salinity (NaCl) on the germination and seedling of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), Korean J. plant Res., 7, 226-232, (2004) @No $ @ @  Finkelstein R.R. and Lynch T., Abscisic acid inhibition of radical emergence but not seedling growth is suppressed by sugars, Plant Physiol., 122, 1179-1186, (2000) @No $ @ @  Kirnak H. Kaya C. Ismail T.A.S. and Higgs D., The influence of water deficit on vegetative growth, physiology, fruit yield and quality in eggplants, Bulg. J. Plant Physiol., 27, 34-46, (2001) @No $ @ @  Sharma A.D. Thakur M. Rana M. Singh K., Effect of plant growth hormones and abiotic stresses on germination, growth and phosphatase activities in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench seeds. African J. Biotechnol., 3, 308-312, (2004) @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
<#LINE#>Theoretical Studies on the Isomers of Quinazolinone by first Principles<#LINE#>Kumar@SrivastavaRajesh,Vijay@Narayan,Amarendra@Kumar,@PrasadOnkar,Leena@Sinha<#LINE#>11-18<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2012-046_Done.pdf<#LINE#>*
Physics Department, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, INDIA<#LINE#>31/1/2012<#LINE#>18/2/2012<#LINE#>The present communication is aimed at comparing the molecular structural properties, vibrational and energetic data of 2- and 4- quinazolinone, the two isomers of Quinazolinone, a biologically active hetrocyclic compound, in gas phase, due to their  pharmacological activities and applications.  The ground state properties of the two isomers have been calculated employing DFT/ B3LYP level of theory using  the  basis sets 6-311G(d), 6-311+G(d,p), 6-311++G(d,p). The dipole moment and mean polarizability are calculated to be 6.4687 Debye and 110.202/a.u. in case of 2- quinazolinone and for 4-quinazolinone these values are 1.4611 Debye and 107.663/a.u. at B3LYP/ 6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. MESP surfaces have also been drawn and compared. In order to obtain a complete description of molecular dynamics, vibrational wavenumber calculation along with  the normal mode analysis, have been carried out at the DFT level.<#LINE#> @ @  Prasad K.S., Kumar L.S., Chandan S., Jayalakshmi B., Revanasiddappa H.D., Diorganotin(IV) complexes of biologically potent 4(3H)-quinazolinone derived Schiff bases: synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, DNA interaction studies and antimicrobial activity, Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc., 81(1), 276-82 (2011) @No $ @ @  Kohli D., Hashim S.R., Vishal S., Sharma M. and Singh A.K., Synthsis and antibacterial activity of quinazolinone derivatives, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(1) , (2009) @No $ @ @  Singh T., Sharma S., Srivastava V.K. and Kumar A.,  Synthesis, insecticidal and antimicrobial activities of some heterocyclic derivatives of  Quinazolinone, Indian Journal of chemistry, 45 (B)  2558-2565 (2006) @No $ @ @  Alagarsamy V., Muthukumar V., Pavalarani N., Vasanthanathan P., and Revathi R. , Synthesis, Analgesic and Anti- inflammatory Activities of Some Novel 2,3- Disubstituted Quinazolinone-4 (3H)-one, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 26(4) 557-559 (2003) @No $ @ @  Ouyang G., Zhang P.,  Xu G., Song B., Yang S., Jin L., Xue Wu, Hu D., Lu P. and Chen. Z. Synthesis and Antifungal Bioactivities of  3-Alkylquinazolin-4-one Derivatives, Molecules, (11) 383-392 (2006) @No $ @ @  Nanda A.K., Ganguli S. and  Chakraborty R., Antibacterial Activity of Some 3-(Arylideneamino)-2-phenylquinazoline-4(3H)-one: Synthesis and  Preliminary QSAR Studies, Molecules, (12) 2413-2426 (2007) @No $ @ @  Chandrika P.M., Yakaiah T., Rao A.R.R., Narsaiah B., ChakraReddy N., Sridhar V.,  Rao J.V., Synthesis of novel 4,6-disubstituted quinazoline    derivatives, their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity (cytotoxic) against U937  leukemia cell lines, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 147-152 (2007) @No $ @ @  Priya M.G.R., Girijaand K., Ravichandran N. Invitro Study of Anti -inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of 4-(3H)-Quinazolinone Derivatives, Centre  for Advanced Research in Indian System of Medicine, 4(2), 418-424 (2011) @No $ @ @  Alagarsamy V.,  Giridhar R., Yadav M.R., Revathi R.,  Ruckmani K.,  Clercq E.D.,  AntiHIV, antibacterial and antifungal activities of some novel 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a] quinazolin-5(4 h )-ones Indian Journal of Pharm. Sci., Year,  68(4), 532-535 (2006) @No $ @ @  Jing X., Zhen Li, Xin Pan and Yao-Cheng Shi, A Novel Method for the Synthesis of 4(3H)-Quinazolinones, Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, (55), 1145-1149 (2008) @No $ @ @  Kohn W., Sham L.J., Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects, Phys. Rev., (140)1133-1138 (1965) @No $ @ @  Becke A.D., Density functional thermochemistry. III. The  role of exact exchange, J. Chem. Phys., (98) 648-  5652 (1993) @No $ @ @  Lee C.,Yang W. , Parr R.G., Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density, Phys. Rev. (37) 785-789 (1998) @No $ @ @  Miehlich B.,  Savin A., Stoll A., Preuss H., Results obtained with the correlation energy density functional of Becke and Lee,Yang and Parr,Chem. Phys. Lett. (157) 200-206 (1989) @No $ @ @  Frisch M.J. et. al. Gaussian  09,  Revision  A.1,   Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, ( 2009) @No $ @ @  Scott A.P. and Random L., Harmonic vibrational frequencies: An evaluation of Hartree-Fock, Møller-Plesset, quadratic configuration interaction, density functional theory, and semiempirical scale factors, J. Phys. Chem.-US, (100), 16502-16513  (1996) @No $ @ @  Denington II, Roy, Keith T., Millam J., Eppinnett K. Hovell W.L. and Gilliland, R., Gauss View, Version 3.07 Semichem, Inc., Shawnee Mission, KS, (2003) @No $ @ @  Jamroz M.H., Vibrational Energy Distribution Analysis: VEDA 4 program, Warsaw (2004) @No $ @ @  Ladd M., Introduction to Physical Chemistry, third  ed., Cambridge University  Press, Cambridge, (1998) @No $ @ @  Fleming I., Frontier Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 5-27 (1976) @No $ @ @  Ggadre S.R. and Pathak R.K., Miximal and minimal characteristics of molecular electrostatic potentials, J. Chem. Phys. ( 93) 1770-1774 (1990) @No $ @ @  Ggadre S.R. and Shrivastava I.H., Shapes and sizes of molecular anions via topographical analysis of electrostatic potential, J. Chem. Phys. (94) 4384-4390 (1991) @No $ @ @  Murray J.S. and  Sen K., Molecular Electrostatic Potentials, Concepts and Applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam, (1996) @No $ @ @  Alkorta I. and Perez J.J. , Molecular polarization potential maps of the nucleic acid bases, Int. J. Quant. Chem., (57) 123-135 (1996) @No $ @ @  Scrocco E. and Tomasi  J., Advances in Quantum Chemistry, ( 2),P. Lowdin, ed., Academic Press, New York (1978) @No $ @ @  Luque F.J., Orozco M., Bhadane P.K., and  Gadre S.R., SCRF calculation of the effect of water on the topology of the molecular electrostatic potential, J. Phys. Chem., ( 97)  9380-9384 (1993) @No $ @ @  Prasad O., Sinha L., and Kumar N., Theoretical Raman and IR spectra of tegafur and comparison of  molecular electrostatic potential surfaces, polarizability and hyerpolarizability of tegafur with 5-fluoro-uracil by density functional theory, J. At. Mol. Sci., (1) 201-214 (2010) @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
<#LINE#>Household spider species exhibit Kleptoparasitism: An interaction between Plexxippus paykulli and Hasarius adansoni<#LINE#>@BayaniA.S.,J.N.@Trivedi<#LINE#>19-25<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2012-048_Done.pdf<#LINE#>2
1Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, MS, INDIA
2Division of Environment and Toxicology, Dept. of Zoology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, INDIA<#LINE#>6/2/2012<#LINE#>19/2/2012<#LINE#>Spiders of the family salticidae are kleptoparasites that steal prey from other web spiders. In this paper we have described the kleptoparasitism between two species Plexxippus paykulli and Hasarius adansoni. Observation on distance of attack and prey stealing success rate were carried out for different body sizes of both species.  Significant correlations were obtained for attacking strategy and prey stealing between different body classes of both species. We conclude from these co-relative studies that the larger the leg span of kleptoparasites shows profound degree of such behavior as compared to that of the relative body size. it also shows that the relative changes in body sizes of kleptoparasite proves to dominant on varied body size range in hosts.<#LINE#> @ @  Coyle F.A., O'Shields T.C. and Perlmutter D.G., Observations on the behavior of the kleptoparasitic spider, Mysmenopsis furtive (Araneae, Mysmenidae), The Journal of Arachnology, 19, 62-66 (1991) @No $ @ @  Andrea T.M. and George W.U., Kleptoparasites: a two-fold cost of group living for the colonial spider, Metepeira incrassata (Araneae, Araneidae), Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 64, 389-399 (2010) @No $ @ @  Halffter G., and Matthews E.G., The Natural History of Dung Beetle of the Subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Folia Entomol. Mexicana., 12-14, 1-132 (1966) @No $ @ @  Sivinski J., Marshall S. and Peterson E., Kleptoparasitism and phoresy in the dipteral, Florida Entomologist, 82(2), 179-197 (1999) @No $ @ @  Vollrath F., Kleptobiosis in spiders, In Ecophysiology of Spiders (ed. Nentwig, W.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin,  74-286 (1987) @No $ @ @  Griswold C.E., Isela okuncana, a new genus and species of kleptoparasitic spider from southern Africa (Araneae: Mysmenidae), Ann. Natal Mus, 27, 207-217 (1985) @No $ @ @  Griswold C.E. and Meikle G.T., Archaeodictyna ulova, new species (Araneae: Dictynidae), a remarkable kleptoparasite of group-livin g eresid spiders (Stegodyphus spp., Araneae: Eresidae), Ame . Mus. Novitates, 2897, 1-11 (1987) @No $ @ @  Platnick N.I., The world spider catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History. (2009) @No $ @ @  Pocock R.I., The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, 173-271 (1900) @No $ @ @  Sebastian P.A. and Peter K.V., Spiders of India. University Press (India), 280-313 (2010) @No $ @ @  MacArthur R.H., Pianka E.R., On the optimal use of a patchy environment, Am. Nat., 100, 603-609 (1966) @No $ @ @  Agnarsson I., Spider webs as habitat patches-the distribution of kleptoparasites (Argyrodes, Theridiidae) among host webs (Nephila, Tetragnathidae), J. Arachnol., 31, 344-349, (2003) @No $ @ @ 1. @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
<#LINE#>Hypervitaminosis - A causes Degenerative changes in Thyroid of Mouse<#LINE#>R.L.@Sharma,@SharmaK.K.,N.@Sharma<#LINE#>26-30<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJRS-2012-049_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Hi-tech laboratory of Molecular developmental Biology, Department of Zoology, M.D.S. University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>5/2/2012<#LINE#>13/2/2012<#LINE#>Retinol Palmitate (RP) is known for its effects on differentiation and morphogenesis during vertebrate development, as it is important for reproduction development and growth, hyper and hypo-vitaminosis- A both provoke epithelial pathologies in animal and human being.  So a critical value of RP is required in vivo for the maintenance of normal architecture and function of many body tissues. Thyroid gland is unique among vertebrate endocrine glands is that it stores its secretary products i.e. thyroid hormone.  The thyroid influence reproduction, growth and differentiation. The group of adult mouse was treated 4 IU/ day concentration of RP by intubations for 7 days. This constituted the treated group. A similar number of mice were considered as controlled group, and were not given any RP treatment. The animal were observed for their growth, behavior and weight, during the period of treatment. On 8th day of the experiment thyrodactomy was done to both treated as well as controlled mice. The thyroid tissues taken were processed and sectioned for both light as well as electron microscopy. Following observation was made.  In treated case hypertrophy of thyroid gland was seen. The thyroid follicle of the treated mice showed disorganization of their cells and   the cells changed their cuboidal shape to an irregular shape. Ultra structure studies showed an irregular shaped nucleus. The studies concluded that RP treatment results in a reduced activity of thyroid follicles i.e. reduced synthesis of thyroxin.<#LINE#> @ @  Goodman G.E.,  Alberts D.S., Earnest D.L. and  Meyskens F.L., Phase I trial of retinol in cancer patients, J. Clin. Oncol., 1, 394-399 (1983) @No $ @ @  Goswami U.C. and Choudhury S., The status of retinoids in women suffering from hyper and hypothyroidism, Int. J Vitam Nutr. Res., 69(2), 132-135 (1999) @No $ @ @  Wolf G., Multiple functions of vitamin A, Physiol. Rev., 64, 873-938 (1984) @No $ @ @  McCollum E.V. and Davis M., Nutrition classics from The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 15, 167-175, 1913, The necessity of certain lipins in the diet during growth, Nutr Rev, 31(9), 280-281 (1973) @No $ @ @  Niazi I.A. and Saxena, The influence of excess vitamin A on the growth of frog tadpoles with particular reference to thyroid gland, Rev, Bial., 31, 89-96 (1972) @No $ @ @  Sharma K.K. and Niazi I.A., Effect of vitamin A palmitate on metamorphosis in the tadpoles of the spade foot frog Rana breviceps Schneider, Nat. acad.Sci. letters, 6, 397-399 (1983) @No $ @ @  Biebinger R., Nutrient Physiology, Metabolism, and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions, The American Society for Nutrition J. Nutr., 137, 573-577 (2007) @No $ @ @  Domagk L., Kernechtrot-Anilinblau-orange G. In: Mikroskopische Technik, B. Romeis, oldenburg (1948) @No $ @ @  Drill V.A., Interrelationship between thyroid function and vitamin metabolism, Physial. Rev., 23, 355-379 (1943) @No $ @ @  Foods and Nutrional Board, Recommended Daily Allowance, Academy of Science (1980) @No $ @ @  Goodman D.S., Vitamin A and retinoids in health and disease, N. Engl. J. Med., 310, 1023-1031 (1984) @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
<#LINE#>Use of Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) seed as Natural Absorbent and an Antimicrobial agent for Ground water Treatment<#LINE#>M.@MangaleSapana,@ChondeSonalG.,D.@RautP.<#LINE#>31-40<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJRS-2012-050_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, INDIA<#LINE#>6/2/2012<#LINE#>13/2/2012<#LINE#>Ground water is fresh water located in the core space of soil and rocks. Wells and springs constitute groundwater supplies. Present study deals with the suitability of the coagulation-flocculation process using Moringa oleifera seeds as natural absorbent and environmentally friendly antimicrobial agent for purification of ground water for drinking purpose. In present study various doses of Moringa oleifera seed powder like 50, 100 and 150 mg/l were taken and checked for the efficiency dose on raw groundwater. After treatment of water samples with Moringa oleifera seed powder were analyzed for different parameter like pH, turbidity, TDS, TS, hardness, chlorides, alkalinity, acidity, MPN and SPC. All parameters were reduced with increased dose of Moringa oleifera seed powder except alkalinity and pH. Application of this low cost Moringa oleifera seeds is recommended for eco-friendly, nontoxic, simplified water treatment where rural and peri-urban people living in extreme poverty are presently drinking highly turbid and microbiologically contaminated water.<#LINE#> @ @  Suleyman A. Muyibi and Lilian M. Evison, "Moringa oleifera seeds for softening hard water", Department of Civil Engineering, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 7RU, England, Wat. Res. 29(4), 1099-1105 (1994) @No $ @ @  Madsen M., Schlundt J. and Omer E. F., Effect of water coagulation by seeds of M. oleifera on bacterial concentration, J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 1, 90-109, (1987) @No $ @ @  Eilert U., Wolters B. and Nahrstedt, The antibiotic principle of using Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetalla Plant medical, 42,  55-61 (1981) @No $ @ @  Bina B., Mehdinejad M. H., Gunnel Dalhammer, Guna Rajarao, M. Nikaeen and H. Movahedian Attar, Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera coagulant protein as natural coagulant aid in removal of turbidity and bacteria from turbid waters, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 67, (2010) @No $ @ @  Folkard G. and Sutherland T., The use of Moringa oleifera as a natural coagulant for water and waste water treatment, Department of engineering, University of Leicester, UK, (2001) @No $ @ @  Kumar Sudhir P., Mishra Debasis, Ghosh Gautam, Panda Chandra S., Medicinal uses and pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera, International Journal of Phytomedicine, 2, 210-216 (2010) @No $ @ @  Amagloh Francis Kweku and Benang Amos, Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seeds as a coagulant for water purification, University for Development Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Navrongo, Ghana, (19 Jan 2009) @No $ @ @  Amagloh and Benang, Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seeds as a coagulant for water purification, University for Development Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, P.O. Box 24, Navrongo, Ghana, (2009) @No $ @ @  Maithi S.K. Handbook of methods in environmental studies vol.1: water and waste water analysis, second edition, published by ABD publisher, Jaipur - 302015, (2004) @No $ @ @  Broin M., Santaella C., Cuine S., Kokou K., Pelter G., Joet T., Flocculant activity of recombinant protein from M. oleifera. Microbial Biotechnology, 60, 1-6, (2002) @No $ @ @  Olayemi A.B. and Alabi, R.O. Studies on traditional water purification using M. oleifera seed, African study monographs,  15, 101-109 (1994) @No $ @ @  Kien Tat Waia, Azni Idris, Megat Mohd Noor Megat Johari, Thamer A. Mohammad, Abdul Halim Ghazali, Suleyman A. Muyibi, Evaluation on different forms of Moringa oleifera seeds dosing  on sewage sludge conditioning, Desalination and Water Treatment, Malaysia, 10 87-94 (2009) @No $ @ @  Mishra G., Singh P., Verma R., Kumar S., Srivastav S., , Jha K.K. and KhosaR. L., Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera plant: An overview, Der Pharmacia Lettre, 3(2), 141-164 (2011) @No $ @ @  Srivastava A., Mittal D.,  Sinha I., Chakravarty I. and Raja R.Balaji, Study of Adsorption Isotherms for the reduction of basic dyes in effluent water using Moringa oleifera seeds, Annals of Biological Research, 2(2), 227-238 (2011) @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
<#LINE#>Biogas Generation in a Vegetable Waste Anaerobic Digester: An Analytical Approach<#LINE#>@DhanalakshmiSrideviV.,R.A.@Ramanujam<#LINE#>41-47<#LINE#>6.ISCA-RJRS-2012-051_Done.pdf<#LINE#>2
1Department of Chemistry, GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai - 63, TN, INDIA
2Environment Technology Division, (CLRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai, INDIA<#LINE#>8/2/2012<#LINE#>14/2/2012<#LINE#>Mixture of vegetable wastes was an-aerobically digested in a 500 ml capacity lab scale batch reactors.   Vegetable wastes having near similar pH and moisture content have been chosen so that overall pH and total solids content do not vary significantly in the feed composition for the study.  Carrot, beans and brinjal having pH 5.4, 5.8 and 5.7 and moisture content 89.8%, 90.29% and 89.4% respectively were chosen for the study.  These wastes contain predominantly carbohydrates and less protein and fat.  Studies were carried out by preparing the feed consisting of carrot, beans and brinjal in different proportions to obtain organic load ranging from 0.06gm VS to 0.47 gm VS. The performance of the reactors was evaluated by estimating destruction of total and volatile Solids and by monitoring daily gas production. Mean methane production rate were determined at different organic loading range.  Predictive models for analyzing the performance of the batch reactor and for determining cumulative biogas production for a given organic loading have been developed. The kinetics of the process has been studied using first order rate equation and reported in the paper.<#LINE#> @ @  Gunaselan N.V., Anaerobic digestion of biomass for methane production: a review, Biomass and Bioenergy, 13 , 83 - 11(1997) @No $ @ @  Bouallagui H., BenCheikh R., Marouani L. and Hamdi M., Mesophilic biogas production from fruit and vegetable waste in tubular digester, Bioresour Technol,  86, 85-90 (2003) @No $ @ @  Mata. Alvarez J., Cecchi F., llabres P. and Pavan P., Anerobic digestion of the Barcelona central food market organic wastes: plant design and feasibility study, Bioresour Technol,  42, 33-42 (1992) @No $ @ @  Mata. Alvarez J., Cecchi F., llabres P. and Pavan P., Anerobic digestion of the Barcelona central food market organic wastes: plant design and feasibility study, Bioresour Technol, 39, 39-48 (1992) @No $ @ @  Verrier D., Ray F. and Florentz M., Two - stage anaerobic digestion of solid vegetable wastes: bench scale studies In, Proceedings of the 3rd International symposium of Anaerobic Digestion, Boston, USA,  17 - 19, (1983) @No $ @ @  Ahring B.K., Mladenovska Z., Ianpour R. and Westermann P., State of the art and future perspectives of thermophilic anaerobic digestion, Water Sci Technol, 45, 298 - 308 (2002) @No $ @ @  Zuru A.A., Saidu  H., Odum E.A. and  Onuorah O.A., A comparative study of biogas production from horse, goat and sheep dungs, Nigerian J. of  Ren. Ener,  6, 43-47 (1998) @No $ @ @  Fruit and vegetable waste utilization, Science Tech Entrepreneur January (2007) @No $ @ @  Owens J.M. and Chynoweth D.P., Biochemical methane potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) components, Water Sci. Technol, 27, 1 - 14 (1993) @No $ @ @  Watson-Craick I.A., Sinclair K.I., James A.G. and Sensor E., Studies on refuse methanogenic fermentation by use of laboratory systems, Water Sci. Technol, 27, 15-24 (1993) @No $ @ @  Welland P., One and two stp anaerobic digestion of solid agro-industrial residues, Water Sci. Technol, 27, 145-151 (1993) @No $ @ @  Krishna Nand, Sumitra Devi S., Prema Viswanath S., Somayaji Deepak and  Sarada R., Anaerobic digestion of canteen wastes for biogas production, process optimization. Process Biochemistry, 6, 1-5 (1991) @No $ @ @  Ranade D.R., Yeole T.Y. and Godbole S.H., Production of biogas from market waste, Biomass, 13, 147 - 153 (1987) @No $ @ @  Patil J.H., Molayan Lourdu Antony Raj, Bhargav S. and Sowmya S.R., Anerobic co-digestion of water hyacinth with primary sludge, Res.J.Chem.Sci, 1(3), 72-77 (2011) @No $ @ @  Sanchez E., Borja R.  and Lopez  M., Determination of the kinetic constants of sugar-mill-mud waste(SMMW), Bioresource Technology, 56, 245-249 (1996) @No $ @ @  Knol C.M., Nelson D.D. and De Wart J., Biogas production by anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable waste, J.Sci. Food Agric, 29, 822-830 (1978) @No $ @ @  Lane A.G., Anaerobic digestion of orange peel, Food Technol. Australia, 36, 125 - 7 (1984) @No $ @ @  Sumitradevi S. and Krishna Nand., Microbial pretreatment of mango peel for biogas production, J. Microb. Biotechnol., 4 (2), 110 -15 (1989) @No $ @ @  Burford J. L. and Varani F. T., Energy Potential through Bioconversion of Agricultural wastes, A Report, Colorado Energy Research Institute, Colorado. @No $ @ @  Trevelyan W. E., The Methane Fermentation, A Discussion paper, Tropical Science 17 (4), , 193 - 209 (1975) @No $ @ @  Sharma V. K., Testa C., Cornacchia G., Lastella G. and Farina R., anaerobic digestion of semi-solid organic waste available from orthofruit market: Prelimnary experimental results. Energy Conservation and Management, 40, 287 - 304 (1999) @No $ @ @  Ojolo S. J., Bamgboye A. I., Ogunsina B. S. and Oke S. A., Analytical approach for predicting biogas generation in a municipal solid waste anaerobic digester, Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng., 5(3), 179-186 (2008) @No $ @ @  Llabres-Luengo P.  Mata Alvarez J., Kinetic study of the anaerobic digestion of straw-pig manure mixtures, Biomass 14, 129 - 142 (1987) @No $ @ @  Hahimoto A.G., Effect of inoculam/subtrate ratio on methane yield and production rate, Biological wastes, 28, 247 - 255 (1989) @No $ @ @  Turick C.E., Peck M.W., Chynoweth D.P., Jerger D.E., White E.H., Zsuffa L. and Kenney., A.W., Methane fermentation of woody biomass,  Bioresource Technology, 37, 141-147 (1991) @No $ @ @  Mata Alvarez J., Mtz- Viturtia  A., Llabres-Luengo  P. and Cecchi F., Kinetic and performance study of batch two-phase anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes, Biomass and bioenergy,  5(6),  481 - 488 (1993) @No $ @ @  Chen T.H. and Hahimoto A.G., Effects of pH and substrate:innoculam ratio on batch methane fermentation, Bioresouce Technology, 56, 179 - 186  (1996) @No $ @ @  Fiestas J.A., Martin A. and Borja R., Influence of immobilization supports on the kinetic constants of anaerobic purification of olive mill wastewater, Biol.Wastes, 33, 131-142 (1990) @No $ @ @  Valko P. and Vajda S., Advanced Scientific Computing in basic with applications in chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology, ed. B. G. M. Vardeginste, O. M.  Evalheim & L. Kaufman. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. (1989) @No $ @ @  Rao M. S. and Singh S. P., Bioenergy conversion studies of organic fraction of MSW: Kinetic studies and gas yield-organic loading relationships for process optimization. Bioresource Technology, 95, 173-185 (2004) @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
<#LINE#>WMarket Segmentation for Organic Products in Bandung West Java, Indonesia<#LINE#>Deliana@Yosini<#LINE#>48-56<#LINE#>7.ISCA-RJRS-2012-063_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Agriculture Padjajaran University, Bandung, INDONESIA<#LINE#>13/1/2012<#LINE#>27/1/2012<#LINE#>Currently, the world community is consuming organic food.  This can be seen from the demand for organic products throughout the world that increase about 20 % per year, and the demand creates a potential market for organic products.  To anticipate this, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic Indonesia launched a "Go Organic Program" in 2010.  Organic products are still limited in Bandung, and only few have been produced.  There are a number of organic products that are usually sold in supermarkets such as organic chicken, vegetable (carrot, spinach, tomato) and other organic products such as snack, coffee, and rice. Meanwhile, no organic fruits have been produced. This research uses primary and secondary data which are processed by a discriminant analysis.  Consumers' perception, dominant factors, and marketing strategies for organic products were analyzed descriptively.  This research is expected to contribute to the goverment policy, consumers of organic products, producers, and investors.<#LINE#> @ @  Gregory N.G.,  Consumer concern about food,  Outlook on Agriculture, 29(4), 251-257 (2000) @No $ @ @  Sirieix Lucie., Paul R. Kledai and Tursinbek Sulitang., Organic food Consumers' trade - offs between local or imported, conventional or organic products : a qualitative study in Shanghai, Internationa Journal of Consumer Studies, 35, 670 - 678 (2011) @No $ @ @  Hashemi, Seyed Ahmad Reza and Gholamreza Eskandary and Hoshang Ansary., Biomass of fish species in the Shadegan Wetland, Iran, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(1), 66-68 (2012) @No $ @ @  Indonesian Organic Group.,  Organic Farm, Bogor Indonesia, 1-15 (2010) @No $ @ @  Andrews Clinton and David De Vault., Green niche market development, Journal of Industrial Ecology 3(2). 326-345 (2009) @No $ @ @  Reddy B. Suresh.,  Organic Farming : Status, Issues and Prospects,  Agricultural Economics Research Review, 23 (7), 10 - 17( 2010) @No $ @ @  Kriwy Peter and Rebecca Ariane Mecking., Health and environmental consciousness, costs of behaviour and the purchace of organic food, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 36, 30 -37 (2012) @No $ @ @  Lea E. and Worsley T., Australians'organic food beliefs, demographics and value, British Food Journal, 107(11), 855-869 (2003) @No $ @ @  Moisander J.,  Motivational complexity of green consumerism,  International Journal of Consumer Studies, 31(1), 404-409 (2007) @No $ @ @  Hill H., Lynchehaun F., Organic milk: Attitudes and  consumption paterns., British Food Journal, 104(7), 526-542 (2002) @No $ @ @  Gil J.M., Gracia A. and Sanchez M.,  Market segmentation and willingness to pay for organic product in Spain,  International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 3(2), 207- 226  (2000) @No $ @ @  Bhaskaran S. and F. Hardley, Buyer belief, attitudes and behaviour foods with Therapeitic Claims, Journal of Consumer Marketing,  19(7) 591-606 (2002) @No $ @ @  Chakrabarti S., Baisya R.K., Purchase motivations and attitudes of organic food buyers, Decision, 34(1) 1-22 (2007) @No $ @ @  Padel S. and Foster C., Exploring the gap between attitude and behaviour: Understanding why consumers buy or do not buy organic food, British Food Journal, 107(8), 606-625 (2005) @No $ @ @  La Via G. and A.M.D. Nucifora.,  The determinant of the price mark-up for organic fruit and vegetable products in The Europen Union.  British Food Journal, 104(3-5), 319-336 (2002) @No $ @ @  Radman M., Consumer consumption and perception of organic products in Croatia, British Food Journal, 104(4), 263 - 273 (2005) @No $ @ @  Kotler Philips., Marketing Management,  International Edition 11th Edition,  Upper Saddle River, NY Prentice Hall, 1- 227 (2003) @No $ @ @  O'Donovan, P., McCarthy, M.,  Irish consumer preference for organic meat, British Food Journal, 104(3-5), 353-370 (2002) @No $ @ @  Peattie Ken and Martin Charter.  Green Marketing.  www.download.it.org. (2007) @No $ @ @  Vindigni G., Jansen M.A and Jager W., Organic food consumption : A multi-theoritical framework of consumer decision making,  British Food Journal, 104(8), 624-642 (2002) @No $ @ @  Grannis J.N.H., Hooker and Thilman, Consumer preferences for specific attributes in natural beef product,  Paper Presented at The Western Agricultural Economics Association, Annual Meeting,  Vancouver,  British Columbia, June 29- July 1(2000) @No $ @ @  Soler F. and Sanched M., Consumer's acceptability of organic food in Spain: Result from an Experimental Auction Market, Brithish. Food Journal, 104, 670-687 (2002) @No $ @ @  Stefanic I., Stefanic E. and Haas R.,  What the consumer really wants organic Market in Croatia, Die Bodenkultur, 52(4) 323 -328 (2001) @No $ @ @  Giannakas K., Information asymmetries and consumption decisions in organic food product market, Cannadian Journal of Agriculture Economics, 50, 35-50 (2002) @No $ @ @  Caswell J.A., Valuing the benefits and costs of improved food safety and nutrition, Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 42(4), 409-424 (2000) @No $ @ @  Polonsky, Michael Jay, An introduction to green marketing,   Department of Management, University of Newcastle, Newscastle NSW 2308, Australia, (2004) @No $ @ @  Abhijit Bora, Science communication through mass media, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(1), 10-15 (2012) @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
<#LINE#>Microalgae as an Oil Producer for Biofuel Applications<#LINE#>@AnanadhiPadmanabhanM.R.,Stanley@ShaleeshaA.<#LINE#>57-62<#LINE#>8.ISCA-RJRS-2012-065_Done.pdf<#LINE#>2
1Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama University, Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Chennai - 119, Tamil nadu, INDIA
2Department of Biotechnology, Jeppiaar Engineering College, Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Chennai-119, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>14/2/2012<#LINE#>17/2/2012<#LINE#><#LINE#> @ @  McCarl, Bruce A., Potential for Biofuel-based Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation: Rationale and Potential." Agriculture as a Producer and Consumer of Energy. Eds. Joe L. Outlaw, Keith J. Collins and James A. Duffield. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing, 300-316 (2005) @No $ @ @  Weart, Spencer R., The Discovery of Global Warming. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (2003) @No $ @ @   Nation Biodiesel Board, Specification for Biodiesel (B100) - ASTM D6751 -06. http://www.biodiesel.org/pdf_files/fuelfactsheets/BDSpec.PDF, (2006) @No $ @ @  Guschina I.A., Harwood J.L., Lipids and lipid metabolism in eukaryotic algae, Prog Lipid Res., 45, 160-86 (2006) @No $ @ @  Ma, Fangriu and Milford A. Hanna., "Biodiesel Production: a review". Bioresource Teachnology. 70, 1-15, (1999) @No $ @ @  Hill Jason, Environmental, Economic and Energetic Costs and Benefits of Biodiesel and Ethanol Biofuels. Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences of the United States of America 103) 11206-11210, (2006) @No $ @ @  Sheehan John., Life Cycle Inventory of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel for Use in an Urban Bus. Golden, CO: US Department of Energy and US Department of Agriculture, (1998a) @No $ @ @  Biodiesel from Algae Oil - Info, Resources, News & Links. Retrieved on June 28th, from http://www.oilgae.com., (2007) @No $ @ @  Mendes Rui L., Alberto D. Reis and Antonio F. Palavra., Supercritical CO2 Extraction of ?-linolenic Acid and Other Lipids from Arthrospira (Spirulina)maxima: Comparison with Organic Solvent Extraction, Food Chemistry, 99, 57-63, (2006) @No $ @ @  Teall Russel, and Ronald F. Sickels., Production System and Method, US Patent: 20050255013, Published, 17(2005) @No $ @ @  Meher L.C., Vidya Sagar D., Naik S.N., Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification - A review Renew Sustain Energy Rev., 10, 248-68( 2006) @No $ @ @  Banerjee A., Sharma R., Chisti Y. and Banerjee U.C., Botryococcus braunii: a renewable source of hydrocarbons and other chemicals. Crit Rev Biotechnol., 22, 245-79 (2002) @No $ @ @  Saunders R.M, The properties of rice bran as a foodstuff. Cereal Foods World, 35, 632 (1990) @No $ @ @  Fukuda H, Kondo A, Noda H., Biodiesel fuel production by transesterification of oils, J Biosci Bioeng., 92, 405-16 (2001) @No $ @ @  Sharma R., Chisti Y., Banerjee U.C.,  Production, purification, characterization, and applications of lipases. Biotechnol Adv., 19, 627-62 (2001) @No $ @ @ 1. @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
<#LINE#>Petro-Chemical Feed stock from Plastic Waste<#LINE#>Deshp@,D.P.@e,V.V.@Warfade,@AmaleyS.H.,Lokh@,D.D.@e<#LINE#>63-67<#LINE#>9.ISCA-RJRS-2012-068_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Chemical Engg. Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engg. and Tech Yavatmal, Maharashtra, INDIA<#LINE#>15/1/2012<#LINE#>19/1/2012<#LINE#>This process involves thermal degradation of waste plastic into fuel range hydrocarbon i.e. petrol, diesel and kerosene etc. A thermal cracking process in which waste plastic were melted and cracked in the absence of oxygen and at very high temperature, the resulting gases were cooled by condensation and resulting crude oil was recovered. From this crude oil various products petrol, diesel and kerosene etc. can be obtained by distillation. This process mainly consists of four units i. reacting vessel or reaction chamber ii. condensation unit iii. receiving unit iv. distillation unit. More specifically the degradation of waste plastic except polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), respectively, was studied in a semi-batch reactor. Also the effect of temperature variation was studied on the formation of liquid hydrocarbons. The best results were obtained when the temperature was constant at 400°c and after this temperature the somewhat liquid conversion decreases and gas conversion is increased. Furthermore alternate method for disposal of waste plastic is also studied. And the results of this process are found to be better than other alternate methods which are used for the disposal of waste plastic.<#LINE#> @ @ Scheirs J., Scheirs J., Kaminsky W. (Eds.), Feedstock Recycling and Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics, Wiley, Pag. - 383 (2006) @No $ @ @ Jakaband E, in: Blazso M. The effect of carbon black on the thermal decomposition of vinyl polymers, J Anal Appl Pyrol., Pag.-64, (2004) @No $ @ @ Arena U., in: Mastellone M.L., Defluidization phenomena during the pyrolysis of two plastic wastes, J Chem. Eng Sci, 261 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bhaskar T., in: Uddin M.A., Murai K., Kaneko J., Hamano K. and Kusaba T., et al, Comparison of thermal degradation products from real municipal waste plastic and model mixed plastics, J. Anal Appl Pyrol, 143, (2010) @No $ @ @ Buekens A.G., in: Huang H., Catalytic plastics cracking for recovery of gasoline range hydrocarbons from municipal plastic wastes, Polym Degrad Stabile, 365 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ding W., in: Liang J., Anderson L.L., Polyethylene and commingled post-consumer plastic waste, J Appl Catal., 99 (2004) @No $ @ @ Emad Abbas in: Jaffar Al-Mull Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kufa, AnNajaf, Iraq, Korean, J. Chem. Engg., 28, 620-626 (2011) @No $ @ @ Fang Y., in: Zhan M., Wang Y., The status of recycling of waste rubber, J Mater Des,123, (2005) @No $ @ @ Fazal Mabood, in: M Rasul Jan, Jasmin Shah, Farah Jabeen, Zahid Hussain, Catalytic conversion of waste low density polyethylene into fuel oil, J. Iran. Chem. Res., 3, 121-131 (2010) @No $ @ @ Font R., in: Aracil I., Fullana A. and Conesa J.A., Semi volatile and volatile compounds in combustion of polyethylene, J Chem., 115 (2001) @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Synthesis of methyl cinnamate using immobilized lipase from B. licheniformis MTCC-10498<#LINE#>@SharmaC.K.,S.S.@Kanwar<#LINE#>68-71<#LINE#>10.ISCA-RJRS-2012-022_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171005, HP, INDIA<#LINE#>4/1/2012<#LINE#>11/1/2012<#LINE#>Methyl cinnamate was synthesized by the reaction of methyl alcohol with cinnamic acid using silica immobilized lipase from B. licheniformis MTCC-10498. The silica-bound lipase was used to perform esterification of methanol with cinnamic acid in equimolar ratio (100 mM each) in DMSO. Moreover, pure methyl cinnamate was used as internal standard. Methyl cinnamate was synthesized by manipulating various parameter i.e. relative proportions of reactants, reaction temperature, reaction time, concentration of molecular sieves and salt ions. Finally, 64.3 mM methyl cinnamate was synthesized at 65oC using 100 mM each of the reactants in 12 h in the presence of molecular sieves (100 mg/reaction volume) under shaking at 120 rpm. The immobilized lipase synthesized 50 % ester up to 5th cycle.<#LINE#> @ @  Nenandis et al., Radical scavenging potential of phenolic compounds encountered in O. europaea products as indicated by calculation of bond dissociation enthalpy and ionization potential values, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 26, 295-299 (2004) @No $ @ @  Figueroa et al., Phenolic acids enzymatic lipophilization, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 2779- 2787 (2005) @No $ @ @  Priya, Synthesis of Hydrocinnamic Esters by Pseudomonas cepacia Lipase, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 32, 485 (2003) @No $ @ @  International Fragrance Association, Use Level Survey, (2001) @No $ @ @  Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, Recent progress in the consideration of flavoring ingredients under the food additives amendment III, GRAS Substances. Food Technology, 19 (2, part 2), 151-197 (1965) @No $ @ @  Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives, Safety evaluation of certain food additives, Who Food Additives Series: 4Prepared by the Fifty-fifth meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. World Health Organization, Geneva, (2000) @No $ @ @  Sharma C.K. et al., Synthesis of medically important ethyl cinnamate ester by porcine pancreatic lipase immobilized on poly (AAc-co-HPMA-cl-EGDMA) hydrogel, J Appl Polym Sci, 121(5), 2674-2679 (2011) @No $ @ @  Winkler et al., Glucogen hyaluronate and some other polysaccharides greatly enhance the formation of exolipase by Serratia marcescens, J Bacteriol, 138, 663-670 (1979) @No $ @ @  Kanwar S.S. et al., Short-chain ester synthesis by transesterification employing poly (MAc-co- DMA-cl-MBAm) hydrogel-bound lipase of Bacillus coagulans MTCC-6375, J Appl Polym Sci, 109, 1063-1071 (2008) @No $ @ @  Claon et al., Effect of reaction parameters on SP435 lipase catalyzed synthesis of citronellyl acetate in organic solvent, Enzyme Microb Technol, 16, 835-838 (1994) @No $ @ @  Halling, Thermodynamic predictions for biocatalysis in non-conventional media: Theory, tests and recommendations for experimental design and analysis, Enzyme MicrobTechnol, 16, 178-206 (1994) @No $ @ @  Pery R.H. et al., In Chemical Engineering Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 16, 2-11 (1973) @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
<#LINE#>The predict of RAST Test from WANT test in Elite Athletes<#LINE#>S.@Abbasian,S.@Golzar,@OnvaniV.,L.@Sargazi<#LINE#>72-75<#LINE#>11.ISCA-RJRS-2012-044_Done.pdf<#LINE#>1
1Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IRAN
2Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Azad University of Abade, IRAN
3Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Azad University of Mashhad, IRAN<#LINE#>28/1/2012<#LINE#>4/2/2012<#LINE#>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of between Wingate and RAST tests in youth basketball players. The subjects were 45 youth and health basketball players that participated in the study. The characteristics of subjects were consist of: training experience of the subjects equal with 5.3 ± 0.3 years, age of they were 16.46 ± 0.37 years old, body weight equal with 72.02 ± 2.5 and BMI equal with 21.62 ± 0.54. Blood samples were drawn upon arrival to the laboratory, immediately after doing of the Wingate test and after end of the RAST test, during passive recovery. Statistical significance was accepted at p = 0.05. Results of the study were shown that between of Wingate and RAST tests in amount of peak power were significant relationship(r = 0.901; p = 0.00). Also, results of the study indicated significant relationship in amounts of average power between both tests (r = 0.957; p = 0.00). In addition, between Wingate and RAST tests in average power per. kg .W -1 statistically were significant relationship (r = 0.543; p = 0.00). In regarding of validity in blood indexes between both tests, can insinuate to amounts of pH that statistically were significant relationship between the tests (r = 0.562; p = 0.029). Also, in this study indicated significant relationship between amounts of PCO2 in venous blood (r = 0.644; p = 0.00). In regarding of achieve results can express that between of the Wingate and the RAST tests only in average power and peak power in youth elite basketball players were a significant relationship. So, it conflict to this claim that "the RAST test can be predict drop power and fatigue indexes in elite basketball players" similar to Wingate test. Nevertheless, it recommended to basketball coaches to apply the RAST test only in direction of evaluation for average and peak powers in basketball players.<#LINE#> @ @ Bar O.O., A New Anaerobic Capacity Test: Characteristics and Applications, 21st World Congress in Sports Med., 12, 25-36 (1978) @No $ @ @ Jacobs I., Bar O.O. and Karlsson J, Changes in Muscle Metabolites in Females with 30-s Exhaustive Exercise, J. Med. Sci. in Sports & Exer., 14(6), 457-460 (1982) @No $ @ @ Pate R.R., Goodyear L., Dover V., Dorociak J. and McDaniel J., Maximal Oxygen Deficit: A Test of Anaerobic Capacity, J. Med. Sci. in Sports & Exer.,15(2),121-122 (1983) @No $ @ @ Perez H.R., Ywgand J.W., Kowalski A., Smith T.K. and Otto R.M., A Comparison of the Wingate Power Test to Bicycle Time Trial Performance, J. Med. Sci. in Sports & Exer.,18(2), 51-56 (1986) @No $ @ @ Song T.K., Seresse O., Ama P., Theriault G., Boulay M.R. and Bouchard C., Effects of Three Anaerobic Tests on Venous Blood Values, J. Med. Sci. in Sports & Exer.,20(2), 229-239 (1988) @No $ @ @ Mathew T. and Agrawal S., Design and development of fast Melting Tablets of Terbutaline Sulphate, Res.J.Chem. Sci., 1(1), 105-110 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bello Y., Regioselective Synthesis of ? -Butenoildes Mediated by Silvertrifluroacetate with ?-Halo Acetals, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(1), 85-88 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tamayo M., Sucec A., Phillips W., Laubach L., Frey M. and Buono M., The Wingate Anaerobic Power Test, Peak Blood Lactate, and Maximal Oxygen Debt for Elite Male Volleyball Players; a Validation Study, J. Med. Sci. in Sports & Exer.,16 (2),126-136 (1984) @No $ @ @ Thompson N.N., Foster C., Crowe M., Rogowski B. and Kaplan K., Serial Responses of Anaerobic Muscular Performance in Competitive Athletes, J. Med. Sci. in Sports & Exer.,18 (2),51-59 (1986) @No $ @ @ Kaczkowski W., Montgomery D.L., Taylor A.W. and Klissourous V., The Relationship between Muscle Fiber Composition and Maximal Anaerobic Power and Capacity, J. Sports Med & Phy Fit., 22, 407-413 (1982) @No $ @ @ Zajac A., Cholewa J., Poprzecki S., Waskiewicz Z. and Langfort J., Effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on swim performance in youth athletes, J. Sports Sci & Med., 8, 45-50 (2009) @No $ @ @ Stevens G.J. and Wilson B.W., Aerobic Contribution to the Wingate Test, J. Med & Sci in Sports & Exer., 18 (2), 2-8(1986) @No $ @ @ Coggan A.R. and Costill D.L., Day-to-day Variability of Three Bicycle Ergometer Tests of Anaerobic Power, J. Med & Sci in Sports & Exer.,15(2),141-149 (1983) @No $ @ @ Montgomery D.L., The Effect of Added Weight on Ice Hockey Performance, J. Phy & Sports med., 99, 91-95(1982) @No $ @ @ Maud P.J. and Shultz B.B., Norms for the Wingate Anaerobic Test with Comparison to another Similar Test, J. Res Quar for Exer & Sport, 60 (2), 144-151(1989) @No $ @ @ Table-1 @No $ @ @ Correlation coefficients considered for physiological and anaerobic functional variables in between of Wingate test and Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST)B @No $ @ @ Paired variables (N=45)RpLactate WANT  &  Lactate RAST0.2560.09pH WANT  &  pH RAST0.5620.00**HCO3 - WANT  &  HCO3 - RAST0.3030.043*PCO2 WANT  &  PCO2 RAST0.6440.00**PO2 WANT &  PO2 RAST0.0190.899BE WANT  & BE RAST0.0290.85Max power (W) WANT &  Max power (W) RAST0.9010.00**Max power (W. Kg -1)  WANT &  Max power (W. Kg -1) RAST0.3190.032*Ave power (W) WANT & Ave power (W) RAST0.9750.00**Ave power (W. Kg -1) WANT  & Ave power (W. Kg -1) RAST0.5430.00**Min power (W) WANT & Min power (W) RAST0.2070.172Min power (W. Kg -1) WANT & Min power (W. Kg -1) RAST- 0.1240.416Fatigue index (W. s -1)  WANT & Fatigue index (W. s -1) RAST0.2850.087Fatigue index (W.s. Kg -1)  WANT  & Fatigue index (W.s. Kg -1) RAST0.2010.186* Statistically significant correlation coefficients in between the WANT and the RAST tests at level of p < 0.05. ** Statistically significant correlation coefficients in between the WANT and the RAST tests at level of p < 0.001. @No $ @ @ Figure-1 @No $ @ @ Protocol design .Blood samples were drawn upon arrival to the laboratory, immediately after doing of Wingate test and after end of Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), during passive recovery (10 seconds after each test) @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
<#LINE#>Thermodynamics and the Design, Analysis and Improvement of a Combined Heat and Power System<#LINE#>Nikhil@Dev,Rajesh@Attri,Vijay@Mittal,S@Kumar,eep@,Mohit@,@Satyapal,Pardeep@Kumar<#LINE#>76-79<#LINE#>12.ISCA-RJRS-2012-055_Done.pdf<#LINE#>3
1YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, Haryana, INDIA
2Gateway Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sonipat, Haryana, INDIA
3University Institute of Engineering and Technology, M.D.University Rohtak, Haryana, INDIA<#LINE#>11/2/2012<#LINE#>16/2/2012<#LINE#>In the present analysis combustion products coming out from the gas turbine (GT) are studied on the basis of their concentration. A computer program is made in EES and different parameters are studied for the analysis. From the result it is observed that if regenerator is used in the gas turbine cycle then the concentration of N2 and O2 is 0.91% and 1.41% higher respectively in flue gases than that of GT cycle without regenerator. The concentration of CO2 and H2O is 2.17% and 17.64% lesser respectively in flue gases for GT cycle with and without regenerator. As the fuel is the combination of the carbon and hydrogen, after burning with oxygen it generates heat energy, CO2 and H2O. That is why concentration of H2O and CO2 in combustion product increases and that of oxygen decrease. Results show that enthalpy of combustion products at a temperature of 155°C is -28077 kJ/kmol for GT cycle with regenerator and for without regenerator enthalpy is -28027 kJ/kmol at a temperature of 389°C. From the results it may be concluded that regeneration not only increases the efficiency of GT cycle but generates a concentration of N2, O2, CO2 and H2O in such a manner that enthalpy of combustion gas is increased. Regenerator lowers the exergy destruction in the cycle and increased the fuel utilization efficiency for the cycle.  Exergy destruction in most of the thermal systems is due to combustion/chemical reaction, heat transfer and friction including unrestrained expansions of gases and liquids. The inefficiency of combustion may be reduced by preheating the combustion air and reducing the air fuel ratio.<#LINE#> @ @  Moran M.J., Availability Analysis: A Guide to Efficient Energy Use, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1982) @No $ @ @  Bejan A., Tsatsaronis G. and Moran M.J., Thermal System design and optimization, John Wiley & Sons (1996) @No $ @ @  Butcher C.J. and Reddy B.V., Second law analysis of a waste heat recovery based power generation system, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 50, 2355-2363 (2007) @No $ @ @  Kotowicz J. and Bartela L., The influence of economic parameters on the optimal values of the design variables of a combined cycle plant, Energy, 35, 911-919 (2010) @No $ @ @  Dev N., Samsher, Kachhwaha S.S. and Grover S., Energy and Exergy Analysis of Cogeneration Cycle with Change in Gas Turbine Operating Parameters, Proceeding of international conference on emerging technologies for sustainable environment, AMU Aligarh, 412-414 (2010) @No $ @ @  Caton J.A., A review of investigations using second law of thermodynamics to study internal combustion engines, SAE 2000-01-1081 (2000) @No $ @ @  Dev N, Samsher and Kachhwaha S.S., Computational Analysis of Dual Pressure Non-reheat Combined-Cycle Power Plant with Change in Drum Pressures, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 5(8), 1307-1313 (2010) @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Performance Analysis of Secure Wireless Mesh Networks<#LINE#>@MewadaShivlal,Kumar@SinghUmesh<#LINE#>80-85<#LINE#>13.ISCA-RJRS-2012-038_Done.pdf<#LINE#>Institute of Computer Science, Vikram University, Ujjain - INDIA<#LINE#>22nd/1/2012<#LINE#>7/1/2012<#LINE#>Wireless mesh networks (WMN) encompass a new area of technology set to play an important role in the next generation wireless mobile networks, and it is going to address the internet provision to user at low cost anytime from anywhere. WMN is characterized by dynamic self-organization, self-configuration and self-healing to enable flexible integration, quick deployment, easy maintenance, low costs, high scalability, and reliable services. Security of such a network has always been an issue. In this paper, we have analyzed the fundamental security requirements of WMN and the challenges faced by it. We have also discussed the vulnerable features and possible active threats in WMN along with few defense mechanisms against such threats, including solutions to the problems of intrusion detection. This paper serves a baseline for developing a secured, full-proof WMN.<#LINE#> @ @  Akyildiz I.F., Wang X. and Wang W., Wireless mesh networks: a survey, Comp Net, 47(4), 445-87 (2005) @No $ @ @  Camp J. and Knightly E., The IEEE 8011s extended service set mesh networking standard, IEEE Communicat Magaz, 46(8), 120-6 (2008) @No $ @ @  Muhammad S. Siddiqui and Choong Seon Hong, Security Issues in Wireless Mesh Networks, IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering (2007) @No $ @ @  Zhang W., Wang Z., Das S.K. and Hassan M., Security Issues in Wireless Mesh Networks, In Book Wireless Mesh Networks: Architectures and protocols, New York, Springer (2008) @No $ @ @  Rivest R.L., Shamir A. and Adleman L.M., A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public- Key Cryptosystems, Comms of the ACM, 21(2), 120-126 (1978) @No $ @ @  Steve Glass, Marius Portmann and Vallipuram, securing wireless mesh networks, IEEE computer society-1098-7801-2008@IEEE0 @No $ @ @  Hu Y.C., Perrig A. and Johnson D.B., Rushing Attacks and Defense in Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols, Proc. 2003 ACM Workshop on Wireless Security, ACM Press, 30-40 (2003) @No $ @ @  Aydos M., Tanık T., Koç C.K., High-Speed Implementation of an ECC-based Wireless Authentication Protocol on an ARM Microprocessor, IEE Pro.: Comms, 273-279 (2001) @No $ @ @  Diffie W., Hellman M., New Directions in Cryptography, IEEE Trans., on IT, 644-654 (1976) @No $ @ @  Yih-Chun Hu, Adrian Perrig and David B. Johnson, Efficient Security Mechanisms for Routing Protocols. In Proceedings of the 2003 Symposium on Network and Distributed Systems Security (NDSS '03) (2003) @No $ @ @  Zhang Y., Lee W. and Huang Y., Intrusion Detection Techniques for Mobile Wireless Networks in ACM/Kluwer Wireless Networks Journal (ACM WINET), 9(5), (2003) @No $ @ @  Marti S., Giuli T., Lai K. and Baker M., Mitigating Routing Misbehavior in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, in proceeding of the Sixth Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MOBICOM), Boston, 255-265 (2000) @No $ @ @  Albers P., Camp O., Percher J., Jouga B., L.M., and Puttini R., Security in Ad Hoc Networks: a General Intrusion Detection Architecture Enhancing Trust Based Approaches in the proceedings of 1st Int. Workshop on Wireless Information Systems (WIS-2002), 1-12 (2002) @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
<#LINE#>E-Waste- A Challenge for Tomorrow<#LINE#>Pramila@Sharma,@FulekarM.H.,Bhawana@Pathak<#LINE#>86-93<#LINE#>14.ISCA-RJRS-2012-041_Done.pdf<#LINE#>School of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujrat, INDIA<#LINE#>23rd/1/2012<#LINE#>28/1/2012<#LINE#>Industrialization and extraction of natural resources have resulted in large scale environmental contamination and pollution. Large amounts of toxic waste have been dispersed in thousands of contaminated sites spread across our nation. Thus, the risk to human and environmental health is rising. These pollutants belong to two main classes: inorganic and organic. E-waste is growing exponentially recent years because the markets in which these products are produced are also growing rapidly. The US-EPA has estimated a 5 to 10% increase in the generation of e-waste each year globally. Perhaps even more alarming is that only 5% of this amount is being recovered. E-waste problem is of global concern because of the nature of production and disposal of waste in a globalized world. The challenge is to develop innovative and cost-effective solutions to decontaminate polluted environments, to make them safe for human habitation and consumption, and to protect the functioning of the ecosystems which support life. Bioremediation approach is currently applied to remove contaminants from soil, groundwater, surface water, and sediments including air. These technologies have become attractive alternatives to conventional cleanup technologies due to relatively low capital costs and their inherently aesthetic nature. Therefore, these technologies need to be applied to decontaminate e-waste from the soil-water environment. The present article summarizes the hazardous effects of e-waste, Indian and global scenario and innovative bioremediation technologies to remove it from environment.<#LINE#> @ @  Widmer R., Global perspectives on e-waste, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 25, 436- 458, (2005) @No $ @ @  Sodhi M.S. and Reimer, B., Models for recycling electronics end-of-life products. OR Spektrum, 23, 97-115, (2001) @No $ @ @  ENVIS Centre, Environment Department, Government of Maharashtra, Mumbai, ENVIS Newsletter, (2010) @No $ @ @  CII. "E-waste management", Green Business Opportunities, Confederation of Indian Industry, Delhi, 12(1), (2006) @No $ @ @  Ramesh S. and K. Joseph, Electronic waste generation and management in anIndian city, Journal of Indian Association for Environmental Management, 33(2), 100-105, (2006) @No $ @ @  Joseph K., Electronic waste management in India-issues and strategies, Eleventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, Sardinia,( 2007) @No $ @ @  Mehra H.C., PC waste leaves toxic taste, The Tribune, 22nd March, (2004) @No $ @ @  Devi B.S, Shobha S.V., Kamble R.K., E-Waste: The Hidden harm of Technological Revolution, Journal IAEM, 31, 196-205, (2004) @No $ @ @  Townsend G.T., Musson, S., Jang, Y.C. and Chung,I.H., Characterization of lead leachability from cathode ray tubesusing the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, Florida Center for Solid & Hazardous Waste Management. Gainesville, FL, (1999) @No $ @ @  Townsend G.T., Musson, S., Jang, Y.C. and Chung, I.H., Leaching of Hazardous Chemicals from Discarded Electronic Devices. Prepared for U.S. EPA Region 4 and Region 5. Florida Center for Solid & Hazardous Waste Management, Gainesville, FL, (2004) @No $ @ @  Osako M., Yong-Jin, K., Shin-ichi, S., Leaching of brominated ?ame retardants in leachates from land?lls in Japan. Chemosphere, 57, 1571-1579, (2004) @No $ @ @  Aucott M., McLinden, M., Winka, M., Release of mercury from broken fluorescent bulbs, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 53 (2), 143-51, (2003) @No $ @ @  Peters-Michaud, N., Katers J., Barry, J., Occupational risks associated with electronics demanufacturing and CRT glass processing operations and the impact of mitigation activities on employee health and safety. Proceedings of the Electronics and the Environment, IEEE International Symposium, 19-22, 323-328, (2003) @No $ @ @  Takigami H., Hirai Y., Matsuzawa, Y., Sakai, S., Brominated flame retardants and brominated dioxins in the working environment and environmental emission - a case study at an electronics recycling plant. Organohalogen Compounds, 68, 2190-2193, (2006) @No $ @ @  Stewart E.S. and Lemieux, P.M., Emissions from the incineration of electronics industry waste. Proceedings of Electronics and the Environment, IEEE International Symposium, 271-275, (2003) @No $ @ @  Funcke W. and Hemminghaus, H. J., PXDF/D in flue gas from an incinerator charging wastes containing Cl and Br and a statistical description of the resulting PXDF/D combustion profiles. Organohalogen Compounds, 31, 93-98, (1997) @No $ @ @  Bollag J.M. and Bollag W.B., Soil contamination and feasibility of biological remediation, In H. D. Skipper & R. F. Turco, eds., Bioremediation- Science and Applications, 1-12, (1995) @No $ @ @  Brandl H., Bosshard R., Wegmann M., Computer-munching microbes: metal leaching from electronic scrap by bacteria and fungi, Hydrometallurgy, 59,319-326, (2000) @No $ @ @  Xiezhi Y.A., Assessment and Bioremediation of Soils Contaminated by Uncontrolled Recycling of Electronic-waste at Guiyu, SE China, Hong Kong Baptist University, Ph.D. Thesis, (2008) @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>A Review on efficacy of Azadirachta indica A. Juss based biopesticides: An Indian perspective<#LINE#>@MondalDebashri,Tamal@Mondal<#LINE#>94-99<#LINE#>15.ISCA-RJRS-2012-067_Done.pdf<#LINE#> 2
1Dept. of Zoology, Raiganj Surendranath Mahavidyalaya, Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, INDIA
2Dept. of Botany, Netaji Mahavidyalaya, Arambagh, Hooghly, West Bengal, INDIA<#LINE#>15/1/2012<#LINE#>18/1/2012<#LINE#><#LINE#> @ @  Ansari B.A. and Kumar K., Cypermethrin toxicity Effect on the carbohydrate metabolism of the Indian catfish, Hetropneustes fossilis, The Sci. Total Environ., 72, 161-166 (1988) @No $ @ @  Singh R., Singh B. and Verma R.A., Efficiency of different indigenous plant products as grain protectent against Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. on pea., Indian J. Entomol., 63,179-181 (2001) @No $ @ @  Harikrishnan R., Rani M.N. and Balasundaram C., Hematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, following treatment for Aeromonas hydrophila infection,  Aquacult., 221, 41-50 (2003) @No $ @ @  Anuradha A. and Annadurai R.S., Biochemical and molecular evidence of azadirachtin binding to insect actins, Curr. 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Res. , 1(2), 55-58 (1990) @No $ @ @  Mohan K., Gopalan M. and Balasubramanian G., Studies on the effects of neem products and monocrotophos against major pests of rice and their safety to natural enemies.  Indian J. Plant Protec., 19, 23-30 (1991) @No $ @ @  Krishnaiah N.V. and Kalode M.B., Efficacy of selected botanicals against rice insect pests under green house and field conditions, Indian J. of Plant Protec., 18, 197-205 (1990) @No $ @ @  Schmutterer H., Saxena R.C. and Heyde J., Von Der., Morphogenetic effects of some partially purified fractions and methanolic extracts of neem seeds on Mythimna separate Walk,  Cnaphlocrosis medi nalis Guen. Zeitschrift fur Agwandt. Entomol., 95, 230-237 (1983) @No $ @ @  David P.M.M., Effect of slow release nitrogen fertilizers and the foliar spray of neem products on rice pests, Madras Agricult. J., 73, 274-277 (1986) @No $ @ @  Saxena R.C., Justo H.D. and Rueda, B.P., Neem seed bitters for management of plant hopper and leaf hopper pests of rice, Mid-Term Appraisal Works on Botanical Pest Control in Rice Based Cropping systems, 19 (1987) @No $ @ @  Sontakke B.K., Field efficacy of insecticide alone and in combination with neem oil against insect pests and their predators in rice., Indian J. Entomol., 55, 260-266 (1993) @No $ @ @  Saxena R.C., Epicnoc P.B., Tu C.W. and Puma B.C., Neem Chinaberry and custard apple: antifeedant and insecticidal effects of seed oils on leaf hopper and plant hopper pests of rice, Proc. II. Intn. Neem Conf.,Rauisch- Holzhousen Castle FRG, 403-412 (1984) @No $ @ @  Ramraju K. and Sundara Babu P.C., Effect of plant derivatives on brown plant hopper (BPH) and white backed plant hopper (WBPH) nymphs emergence in rice, Internat. Rice Res. Newslett., 14, 30 (1989) @No $ @ @  Senthil Nathan S., Choi M.Y., Paik C.H., Seo H.Y., Kim J.D. and Kang S.M., The toxic effects of neem extract and azadiractin on the brown planthopper, Nilaparvatha lugens (Stal), Chemosphere, 67, 80 -88 (2007) @No $ @ @  Sharma H.C., Sankaram A.V.B., Nwanze K.F. and Singh P.P., Utilization of natural pesticides derived from neem and custard apple in integrated pest management, in Azadirachta indica A. Juss., oxford and IBH Pub. Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, 199-213 (1999) @No $ @ @  Reed D.K. and Reed G.I., Control of vegetable insects with neem seed extracts. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 94: 335-339 (1985) @No $ @ @  Siddappaji C., Kumar A.R.V. and Gangadhar R., Evaluation of different insecticidal sprays against the chickpea borer, Heliothis armigera Hubn. Pesticides, 20, 13-16 (1986) @No $ @ @  Nelson S.J., Sundarababu P.C., Rajavel D.S., Srimmannarayana G. and Geetanjali Y., Antifeedant and growth inhibiting effects of azardirachtin-rich neem fractions on Sogatella furcifera Horvath, Spodoptera litura Fabr. and Helicoverpa armigera Hubn, World Neem Conference,10 (1993) @No $ @ @  Atwal A.S. and Pajni H.R., Preliminary studies on the insecticidal properties of drupes of Melia azadirachta against caterpillars of Pieris brassicae Linn,  Indian J. Entomol., 26, 221-227 (1964) @No $ @ @  Mani A., Kumudanathan K. and Jagadish C.A., Relative efficacy of neem oil and endosulfan against insect pests of mustard. Neem News Lett., 7, 129-131 (1990) @No $ @ @  Singh K. and Sharma P.L., Studies on anti-feedant and repellant qualities of neem against aphid,Brevicornye brassicae Linn. on cauliflower and cabbage, Res. and Development Report, 3, 33- 35 (1986) @No $ @ @  Ketkar C.M., Use of neem (Azadirachta indica A Juss) and its by products in organic farming, In: Kleeberg, H. and C. P.W., Zebitz (Ed.) Practice Oriented Results on Use and Production of Neem - Ingredients and Pheromones, Proceedings of the 9th Workshop; Hohensolms, Germany, March 13. - 15. 2000, 31-38 (2003) @No $ @ @  Prakash A., Rao J. and Nandagopal V., Future of Botanical Pesticides in rice, wheat, pulses and vegetables pest management, J. Biopesticds., 1, 154 - 169 (2008) @No $ @ @  Ketkar C.M., Use of tree-derived non-edible oils as surface protectants for stored legumes against Callosobruchus maculatus and C. chinensis. In: Schmutterer, H. and Ascher K.R.S. (Ed.). Natural pesticides from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and other tropical plants, Proceedings of the Third International Neem Conference, 10- 15 Jul 1986, Nairobi, Kenya. Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH., Eschborn, Germany 535-542 (1987) @No $ @ @  Golob P., Webley D.J., The use of plants and minerals as traditional protectants of stored products, Report, Tropical Products Institute G138, England, 32 (1980) @No $ @ @  Lal S., Saving grain after harvest, In: Kasturi, G. (Ed.) The Hindu Survey of Indian Agriculture - 1988, National Press, Madras, India, 246-248 (1988) @No $ @ @  Ketkar C.M., Utilization of neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) and its bye-products, Directorate of Non-edible Oils & Soap Industry, Khadi & Village Industries Commission, Bombay, India, 234 (1976) @No $ @ @  Muda A.R., Utilization of neem as a pest control agent for stored paddy, In: Proceedings of the 7th Asean Technology Seminar on Grain Post-Harvest Technology, ASEAN Crops Post-Harvest Programme and Asean Food Handling Bureau, Manila, Philippine, 117-178 (1984) @No $ @ @  Jilani G. and Amir P., Economics of neem in reducing wheat storage losses: policy implications, Technical Bulletin 2. Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture, College, Laguna, Philippines. 15 (1987) @No $ @ @  Jotwani M.G. and Sircar P., Neem as a protectant against bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) infesting some leguminous seeds. Indian J. Entomol., 29, 21-24 (1967) @No $ @ @  Rahim M., Biological activity of azadirachtin-enriched neem kernel extracts against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in stored wheat, J. Stored Prod. Res., 34,123-128 (1997) @No $ @ @  Verma S.P., Singh B. and Singh Y.P., Studies on the comparative efficacy of certain grain protectants against Sitotroga cerealella Oliver. Bull. Grain Technol,  24, 37-42 (1985) @No $ @ @  Deshpande A.D., Neem as a protectant against storage pests, M.Sc. thesis, Indian Agric. Res. Inst., New Delhi, India, (1967) @No $ @ @  Attri B.S. and Prasad G.R., Studies on the pesticide value of neem oil by-products. Pestology, 4, 16-20 (1980) @No $ @ @  Jotwani M.G. and Sircar P., Neem seed as a protectant against stored grain pests infesting wheat seed, Indian J. Entomol., 27, 199-202  (1965) @No $ @ @  Yadav T.D., Studies on the insecticidal treatment against bruchids Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) and C. chinensis (Linn.) damaging stored leguminous seeds,  Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Agra, India (1973) @No $ @ @  Ali S.I., Singh O.P. and Misra U.S., Effectiveness of plant oils against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. Indian J. Entomol., 45, 6-9 (1983) @No $ @ @  Pereira J., The effectiveness of six vegetable oils as protectants of cowpeas and bambara groundnut against infestation by Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), J. Stored Prod. Res. 19, 57-62 (1983) @No $ @ @  Sharma R.N., Nagasampagi B.A., Bhosle A.S., Mulkarni, M.M. and Tungikar V.B., 'Neemrich': the concept of enriched fractions from neem for behavioral and physiological control of insects,  In: Schmutterer, H. Ascher, K.R.S. (Ed.) Natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and Other Tropical Plants. Proc. 2nd Int. Neem Conf., Rauischholzhausen, Germany, 1983, 115-128 (1984) @No $ @ @  Radwanski, S. A., Multiple land utilization in the tropics: an integrated approach with proposals for an international neem tree research and development program. In: Schmutterer, H., K. R. S. Ascher, and H. Rembold (Ed.) Natural pesticides from the neem tree ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss). Proceedings of the First International Neem Conference, 16-18 Jun 1980, Rottach-Egern, German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Federal Republic of Germany, 267-278 (1982) @No $ @ @  Shukla A., Pathak S.C. and Agrawal R.K., Efficacy and economics of some insecticides and plant products against the infestation of okra shoot and fruit borer, Earis vittella Fab. Crop Res., 12, 367-373 (1996) @No $ @ @  Moser G., Status Report on Global Neem Usage. Pesticide Service Project, PN 86.2588.1. GTZ, Griesheim, Germany, 39 (1996) @No $ @ @ Research Journal of Chemical Sciences _______________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X @No $ @ @ Vol. 1(5), 1-7, Aug. (2011)	Res.J.Chem.Sci. @No $