International Science Community Association Research Journal of Recent Sciences 15 4 2026 10 2 Versatility of Hydrothermal Synthesis: Experimental Design and Comparative Insights 59 64 EN M Kushalatha 1 Biochemistry department, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women Autonomous, Bangalore, India H R Umesh 2 Biochemistry department, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women Autonomous, Bangalore, India B S Jyothsna 1 Department of Botany, Government Science College, N.T. Road, Bangalore-01, Karnataka, India S Deepashree Chaitra 2 Department of Botany, Government Science College, N.T. Road, Bangalore-01, Karnataka, India B. Kavitha 1 Department of Microbiology, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Kumar M. B. Bindu 2 Department of Microbiology, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India G. Priya 3 Department of Microbiology, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India B. Mamatha 4 Department of Microbiology, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India B. Kavitha 1 Department of Microbiology, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, India Yadav R. Vijay 2 Department of Microbiology, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, India A. Ankitha 3 Department of Microbiology, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, India Kalala José Kalala 1 Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Electronic, Polytechnic Superior National School, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo Mobonda Flory Lidinga 2 Laboratory of Electrical Engineering, ISTA-Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, DR Congo Kazadi André Bandekela 3 Laboratory of Electrical Engineering, ISTA-Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, DR Congo Nsongo Timothée 4 Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo Shivendra Tiwari 1 IES, IPS Academy, Indore, MP, India Sanjay Jain 2 UEC, Ujjain, Indore, MP, India Rajendra Sharma 3 UEC, Ujjain, Indore, MP, India Nisha Patidar 1 Department of Engineering Science and Humanities, Chameli Devi Group of Institutions Umikheda, Khandwa Road, Indore, India Nitish Kumar Gupta 2 Department of Applied Chemistry, Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science, 23 Park Road, Indore, India Harshitha V 1 Department of PG studies in Biotechnology, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, India Sarina P Khabade 2 Department of PG studies in Biotechnology, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru, India Nazia Hassan B 1 Department of Computer Science, Lal Bahadur Shastri Government First Grade College, RT Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Sasikala P 2 Department of Computer Science, Lal Bahadur Shastri Government First Grade College, RT Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Swarit Gupta 1 Civil Engineering Department, MANIT, Bhopal, 462003, India H. L. Tiwari 2 Civil Engineering Department, MANIT, Bhopal, 462003, India Sai Shikha Naidu 1 School of Studies in Physics, Samrat Vikramaditya Vishwavidyalaya, Ujjain, India Swati Dubey 2 School of Studies in Physics, Samrat Vikramaditya Vishwavidyalaya, Ujjain, India > Review Paper 2026 8 29 2026 10 2 Hydrothermal crystallization is a naturally occurring process involved in mineral formation and has been adapted in laboratories as a versatile approach for synthesizing advanced materials. Over the years, hydrothermal synthesis has gained considerable attention because of its ability to facilitate crystal growth under controlled temperature and pressure conditions, enabling the preparation of materials with tailored structural, morphological, and functional properties. This paper presents an overview of the experimental setup and mechanism of hydrothermal synthesis, with particular emphasis on the roles of major experimental components, comparative results and applications. Its performance is discussed with other commonly employed synthesis methods, including sol–gel and co-precipitation, using findings reported in the scientific literature.These comparisons highlight the potential of hydrothermal synthesis to achieve controlled morphology, improved crystallinity, and desirable functional properties in various material systems, although the outcomes depend on the material composition and experimental parameters. The method is also discussed in the context of green synthesis because water can serve as a relatively safe reaction medium and may reduce the need for certain hazardous organic solvents. Finally, the diverse applications of hydrothermally synthesized materials are discussed to demonstrate the relevance of this approach in materials science and related technological fields. This review aims to provide a concise understanding of the experimental requirements, comparative outcomes and applications. Copyright@ International Science Community Association