@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Seasonal Variations in Freshwater Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Diversity in Valsad Taluka, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>Jatin @Bhandari,Takhatsinh @Gohil <#LINE#>1-9<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2025-007.pdf<#LINE#>Biology Department, B.K.M. Science College, Valsad, 396001, Gujarat, India and Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad, South Gujarat University, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India@Biology Department, B.K.M. Science College, Valsad, 396001, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>3/5/2025<#LINE#>23/11/2025<#LINE#>Plankton communities are an essential source of food for aquatic organisms, and any undesirable changes in the marine environment may affect plankton diversity and density. Therefore, assessing planktonic communities in freshwater ecosystems is essential because they serve as bioindicators of water quality. Hence, the present research focused on evaluating the diversity and abundance of fresh water phytoplankton and zooplankton in water bodies of Valsad Taluka, Gujarat, India. The study revealed that 77 species of phytoplankton and zooplankton were recorded, belonging to 37 families and 46 genera. Specifically, 43 phytoplankton species were recorded across 25 families and 30 genera, including 15 species of Cyanophycean, 17 of Chlorophyceae, 8 of Bacillariophyceae, and 3 of Euglenophyceae. Additionally, 34 zooplankton species were recorded across 12 families and 17 genera, including 13 Rotifera, 9 Cladocera, 8 Copepod, and 4 Ostracoda. The highest plankton diversity was observed during the monsoon season, and the lowest during the summer season. The ecological status of the water bodies in the area was categorized as moderately polluted, primarily due to municipal waste and industrial discharges. Therefore, assessing planktonic communities in freshwater bodies can be instrumental in monitoring and maintaining water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems.<#LINE#>Dey, S., Botta, S., Kallam, R., Angadala, R., & Andugala, J. (2021).@Seasonal variation in water quality parameters of Gudlavalleru Engineering College Pond.@Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 4, 100058.@Yes$Maltby, E., Ormerod, S., Acreman, M., Dunbar, M., Jenkins, A., Maberly, S., & Ward, R. (2011).@Freshwaters: Open waters, wetlands, and floodplains.@UK National Ecosystem Assessment: Understanding nature’s value to society, (pp. 295–360). UNEP-WCMC.@Yes$Alan Yeakley, J., Ervin, D., Chang, H., Granek, E. F., Dujon, V., Shandas, V., & Brown, D. (2016).@Ecosystem services of streams and rivers.@In D. J. Gilvear, M. T. Greenwood, M. C. Thoms, & P. J. Wood (Eds.), River science@Yes$Li, Z., Yang, Q., Yang, Y., Ma, H., Wang, H., Luo, J., & Martin, J. D. (2019).@Isotopic and geochemical interpretation of groundwater under the influence of anthropogenic activities.@Journal of Hydrology, 576, 685–697.@Yes$Onyemesili, O. O., Egbueri, J. C., & Ezugwu, C. K. (2022).@Assessing the pollution status, ecological and health risks of surface waters in Nnewi urban, Nigeria: Implications of poor waste disposal.@Environmental Forensics, 23(3–4), 346–360.@Yes$Beckers, L. M., Busch, W., Krauss, M., Schulze, T., &Brack, W. (2018).@Characterization and risk assessment of seasonal and weather dynamics in organic pollutant mixtures from discharge of a separate sewer system.@Water Research, 135, 122–133.@Yes$Xue, H., Sayama, T., Takara, K., He, B., Huang, G., & Duan, W. (2019).@Non-point source pollution estimation in the Pingqiao River Basin, China, using a spatial hydrograph-separation approach.@Hydrological Sciences Journal, 64(8), 962–973.@Yes$Ossai, I. C., Ahmed, A., Hassan, A., & Hamid, F. S. (2020).@Remediation of soil and water contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons: A review.@Environmental Technology & Innovation, 17, 100526.@Yes$Ghosh, D., & Biswas, J. K. (2015).@Zooplankton diversity indices: Assessment of an ox-bow lake ecosystem for sustainable management in West Bengal.@International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, 6(1), 37–43.@Yes$Frederiksen, M., Edwards, M., Richardson, A. J., Halliday, N. C. & Wanless, S. (2006).@From plankton to top predators: Bottom-up control of a marine food web across four trophic levels.@Journal of Animal Ecology, 75(6), 1259–1268.@Yes$Xiong, W., Huang, X., Chen, Y., Fu, R., Du, X., Chen, X., & Zhan, A. (2020).@Zooplankton biodiversity monitoring in polluted freshwater ecosystems: A technical review.@Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, 1, 100008.@Yes$Panikkar, P., Saha, A., Prusty, A. K., Sarkar, U. K., & Das, B. K. (2022).@Assessing hydrogeochemistry, water quality index (WQI), and seasonal pattern of plankton community in different small and medium reservoirs of Karnataka, India.@Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15(1), 1–17.@Yes$Sharma, R. C., Singh, N., & Chauhan, A. (2016).@The influence of physico-chemical parameters on phytoplankton distribution in a headwater stream of the Garhwal Himalayas: A case study.@The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 42(1), 11–21.@Yes$Bhateria, R., & Jain, D. (2016).@Water quality assessment of lake water: A review.@Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2(2), 161–173.@Yes$Omer, N. H. (2019).@Water quality parameters.@Water quality - science, assessments and policy (pp. 1–34). In tech Open.@Yes$Sasakova, N., Gregova, G., Takacova, D., Mojzisova, J., Papajova, I., Venglovsky, J., & Kovacova, S. (2018).@Pollution of surface and ground water by sources related to agricultural activities.@Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2, 42.@Yes$Chebet, E. B., Kibet, J. K., & Mbui, D. (2020).@The assessment of water quality in the River Molo water basin, Kenya.@Applied Water Science, 10(4), 1–10.@Yes$Ma, J., Wu, S., Shekhar, N. V., Biswas, S., & Sahu, A. K. (2020).@Determination of physicochemical parameters and levels of heavy metals in food wastewater with environmental effects.@Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 2020, 8886093. https://doi.org/10.1155 /2020/8886093@Yes$Patil, P. N., Sawant, D. V., & Deshmukh, R. N. (2012).@Physico-chemical parameters for testing of water: a review.@International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(3), 1194–1207.@Yes$Ayoob, S., & Gupta, A. K. (2006).@Fluoride in drinking water: A review on the status and stress effects.@Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 36(6), 433–487.@Yes$Anim-Gyampo, M., Anornu, G. K., Appiah-Adjei, E. K., & Agodzo, S. K. (2018).@Hydrogeochemical evolution and quality assessment of groundwater within the Atankwidi basin: The case of northeastern Ghana.@Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11(17), 1–14.@Yes$Isiuku, B. O., & Enyoh, C. E. (2020).@Pollution and health risks assessment of nitrate and phosphate concentrations in water bodies in South-Eastern Nigeria.@Environmental Advances, 2, 100018.@Yes$Mushatq, B., Raina, R., Yaseen, T., Wanganeo, A., & Yousuf, A. R. (2013).@Variations in the physico-chemical properties of Dal Lake, Srinagar, Kashmir.@African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7(7), 624–633.@Yes$Pan, B., Wang, H., & Wang, H. (2014).@A floodplain-scale lake classification based on characteristics of macroinvertebrate assemblages and corresponding environmental properties.@Limnologica, 49, 10–17.@Yes$Rajagopal, T., Thangamani, A., & Archunan, G. (2010).@Comparison of physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton species diversity of two perennial ponds in Sattur area, Tamil Nadu.@Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(5), 787–794.@Yes$Annalakshmi, G., & Amsath, A. (2012).@Studies on the hydrobiology of the River Cauvery and its tributary, Arasalar, from the Kumbakonam region (Tamil Nadu, India), with reference to phytoplankton.@International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 2(2), 37–46.@Yes$Xue, Y., Chen, H., Yang, J. R., Liu, M., Huang, B., & Yang, J. (2018).@Distinct patterns and processes of abundant and rare eukaryotic plankton communities following a reservoir cyanobacterial bloom.@The ISME Journal, 12(9), 2263–2277.@Yes$Sarwade, A. B., & Kamble, N. A. (2014).@Plankton diversity in the Krishna River, Sangli, Maharashtra.@Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 6(6), 174–181.@Yes$Merel, S., Walker, D., Chicana, R., Snyder, S., Baurès, E., & Thomas, O. (2013).@State of knowledge and concerns on cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins.@Environment International, 59, 303–327.@Yes$Kaur, A., Hundal, S. S., & Aulakh, R. K. (2018).@Seasonal study of zooplankton diversity in the polluted water stretches of Buddha Nullah, Ludhiana.@Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6(2), 2241–2245.@Yes$Singh, S., Kumari, V., Usmani, E., Dutta, R., Kumari, R., Kumari, J., & Arif, M. (2021).@Study on zooplankton diversity in a freshwater pond (Raja Bandh) of Jamtara, Jharkhand, India.@International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 4(2), 5–13.@Yes$Balakrishna, D., Reddy, T. R., Reddy, K. V., &Samatha, D. (2013).@Physico-chemical parameters and plankton diversity of Ghanpur Lake, Warangal, AP, India.@International Journal of Zoology Research, 3(1), 44–48.@Yes$da Conceicao, L. R., Demoner, L. E., Pereira, J. B., Perassoli, F., Ghisolfi, R. D., Bastos, A. C., & Fernandes, L. F. L. (2021).@Copepod community structure following a mining-dam disaster in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.@Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 254, 107325.@No$Panwar, S., & Malik, D. S. (2016).@Zooplankton diversity, species richness, and their distribution pattern in Bhimtal Lake of Kumaun region, (Uttarakhand).@Hydrology Current Research, 7(1), 219.@No$Nandy, T., & Mandal, S. (2020).@Unravelling the spatio-temporal variation of zooplankton community from the river Matla in the Sundarbans Estuarine System, India.@Oceanologia, 62(3), 326–346.@Yes
<#LINE#>Secretion of α-L- rhamnosidases by some Fusarium strains using agro waste as inducer<#LINE#>Sarita @Yadav,Sudha @Yadav <#LINE#>10-14<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2025-025.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Ram Jaipal Collage Chapra, Jai Prakash University, Chapra, Saran, Bihar -841301, India@Department of Chemistry, DDU Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur-273009, Uttar Pradesh, India<#LINE#>26/12/2026<#LINE#>18/1/2026<#LINE#>Naringin is the main bitter flavanoid in citrus fruit juices. The few fungal stains were screened for the production of α-L-rhamnosidase in order to hydrolyzed the naringin from removal of the bitter taste from juices. The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize the α-L-rhamnosidase enzyme from few fungal strains belonging to genera Fusarium. We initiated the easy procedure to isolate and characterize the α-L-rhamnosidase producing microorganism by using solid support as inducers which is easily available agro industrial residues such as corn cob, sugarcane baggase, and citrus peel. Among these, sugar cane Bagasse in combination with naringin and sucrose were found to be the best inducer.  α-L-rhamnosidase  production was highest after 4th day to 8th day of incubation at 30ºC caused maximum production of enzyme. The temperature optima and pH optima of α-L-rhamnosidases were determine in the range of 50-65ºC and 4.5-11.0 respectively. α-L-rhamnosidases secreted from above fungal strain suitable  for the debittering of orange fruit juice, derhamnosylation of natural glycosides, and aroma enhancement of wine. The paper concludes that fusariumgenera can be source of α-L-rhamnosidase enzyme for industrial purposes.<#LINE#>Birgisson, H., Hreggvidsson, G.O., Fridjo´ nsson, O.H., Mort, A., Kristja´ nsson, J.K. & Mattiasson, B. (2004).@Two new thermostable a-l-rhamnosidases from a novel thermophilic bacterium.@Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 34, 561–571.@Yes$Busto, M. D., Meza, V., Ortega, N., & Perez-Mateos, M. (2007).@Immobilization of naringinase from Aspergillus niger CECT 2088 in poly (vinyl alcohol) cryogels for the debittering of juices.@Food chemistry, 104(3), 1177-1182.@Yes$Ribeiro, I. A., & Ribeiro, M. H. (2008).@Kinetic modelling of naringin hydrolysis using a bitter sweet alfa-rhamnopyranosidase immobilized in k-carrageenan.@Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 51(1-2), 10-18.@Yes$González-Barrio, R., Trindade, L. M., Manzanares, P., de Graaff, L. H., Tomás-Barberán, F. A., & Espín, J. C. (2004).@Production of bioavailable flavonoid glucosides in fruit juices and green tea by use of fungal α-L-rhamnosidases.@Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 52(20), 6136-6142.@Yes$Monti, D., Pišvejcová, A., Křen, V., Lama, M., & Riva, S. (2004).@Generation of an α‐L‐rhamnosidase library and its application for the selective derhamnosylation of natural products.@Biotechnology and bioengineering, 87(6), 763-771.@Yes$Cui, Z., Maruyama, Y., Mikami, B., Hashimoto, W., & Murata, K. (2007).@Crystal structure of glycoside hydrolase family 78 α-L-rhamnosidase from Bacillus sp. GL1.@Journal of molecular biology, 374(2), 384-398.@Yes$Yadav, V., Yadav, P. K., Yadav, S., & Yadav, K. D. S. (2010).@α-L-Rhamnosidase: A review.@Process Biochemistry, 45(8), 1226-1235.@Yes$Spagna, G., Barbagallo, R. N., Martino, A., & Pifferi, P. G. (2000).@A simple method for purifying glycosidases: α-L-rhamnopyranosidase from Aspergillus niger to increase the aroma of Moscato wine.@Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 27(7), 522-530.@Yes$Manzanares, P., Orejas, M., Gil, J. V., De Graaff, L. H., Visser, J., & Ramón, D. (2003).@Construction of a genetically modified wine yeast strain expressing the Aspergillus aculeatus rhaA gene, encoding an α-L-rhamnosidase of enological interest.@Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(12), 7558-7562.@Yes$Manzanares, P., Orejas, M., Gil, J. V., De Graaff, L. H., Visser, J., & Ramón, D. (2003).@Construction of a genetically modified wine yeast strain expressing the Aspergillus aculeatus rhaA gene, encoding an α-L-rhamnosidase of enological interest.@@Yes$Miyake, T., & Yumoto, T. (1999).@U.S. Patent No. 5,885,969.@Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.@Yes$Feng, B., Ma, B. P., Kang, L. P., Xiong, C. Q., & Wang, S. Q. (2005).@The microbiological transformation of steroidal saponins by Curvularia lunata.@Tetrahedron, 61(49), 11758-11763.@Yes$Pan, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, F., Wang, Z., & Zheng, J. (2023). α-L-rhamnosidase: Production, properties, and applications. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 39(7), 191.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Jinyue H, Lingline S, Le Z, Xiaoke Z, Weisheng F, Haoyu J (2025),@Molecules.@300(13): 2847.@No$Puri, M., Kaur, A., Barrow, C. J., & Singh, R. S. (2011).@Citrus peel influences the production of an extracellular naringinase by Staphylococcus xylosus MAK2 in a stirred tank reactor.@Applied microbiology and biotechnology,  89(3), 715-722.@Yes$Romero, C., Manjón, A., Bastida, J., & Iborra, J. (1985).@A method for assaying the rhamnosidase activity of naringinase.@Analytical biochemistry, 149(2), 566-571.@Yes$Caraveo, L., Medina, H., Rodríguez-Buenfil, I., Montalvo-Romero, C., & Evangelista-Martínez, Z. (2014).@A simple plate-assay for screening extracellular naringinase produced by streptomycetes.@Journal of Microbiological methods, 102, 8-11.@Yes$Pavithra, M., Belur, P. D., & Saidutta, M. B. 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(2010).@Naringinase production from filamentous fungi using grapefruit rind in solid state fermentation.@African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(19): 1964-1969.@Yes$Yadav, S., & Yadav, K. D. S. (2000).@Secretion of a L-Rhamnosidase by Aspergillus terreus and Its role in Debittring of Orange Juice.@Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 59(12), 1032-1037.@Yes
<#LINE#>Formulation of Soaps by mixing varying proportions of Non-Edible Oils and investigation of their Antimicrobial activity on different microbes<#LINE#> Juzer Ali @Rangwala,Geetha @Sarasan <#LINE#>15-21<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2026-001.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, M.P., India@Department of Chemistry, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, M.P., India<#LINE#>18/1/2026<#LINE#>28/2/2026<#LINE#>In this investigation, different samples of soap were prepared by mixing non-edible Jatropha Oil with non-refined Cottonseed oil in varying proportions. Spectroscopic Technique like Infrared spectroscopy method was used to investigate the molecular structure of the synthesized product. Different parameters related to the quality evaluation of soap, such as soap yield, moisture content (%), pH, foam ability, etc., were determined using standard protocols. The alkalinity of Soap samples was expressed in terms of Phenolphthalein alkalinity, and Total Alkalinity (in terms of % of carbonate) was determined using the pH meter titration method. To study the medicinal efficacy of the derived product, three different microbes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Candida albicans were chosen as test organisms, and the antimicrobial activity of soap solutions at different dilutions was evaluated by the Muller-Hinton agar Plate method. Soaps made from non-edible oils have good efficacy, and these soaps can be used to produce cosmetic formulations, household cleansing agents and antibacterial/antifungal solutions valuable in the pharmaceutical sector.<#LINE#>Das, Siddhartha, Agarwal, Sejal, Samanta, Sudipta, Kumari, Muskan, & Das, Rajat (2024).@Formulation and evaluation of herbal soap.@J Pharmacogn  Phytochem, 13(4), 14-19.@Yes$Adeyemi, Adewale Fatai. (2022).@Evaluation of Sodium and Potassium Soaps Prepared from Beeswax: Adding Value to Material.@Int. J. Chem. Mater. Res., 10(1), 1-10.@No$Alia M. A. Ibrahim and Kamal E. E. Yassin (2021).@Formulation of Cosmetics Containing Sudanese Baobab (Andasonia Digitata L.) Seed Oil in Kordofan State.@Greener J. Agric. Sci, 11(4), 213-221.@No$Ashlesha Ghanwat, Sachin Wayzod and Vanjire Divya (2020).@Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Soap.@Curr Trends Pharm Pharm Chem, 2(2), 21-26.@Yes$Azuokwu Augustine Azubike, Obeta Perpetual Oby, Adedigba Oluwatimileyin Victor, Akeke , & Johnson, Jumokumoh (2020).@Evaluation of Soap Produced from Agricultural Wastes and NonEdible Oil as a Substitute for Conventional Surfactants used in Enhanced Oil Recovery.@Int. j. pertoleum and pertochemical eng, 6(1), 1-13.@Yes$Opare Dadzie, Enock, Asante Adams, Philomina, Akonnor Osei, Clement, Alale, Enoch Mbawin, Kofi Tulashie, Samuel, Boafo Baidoo, Emmanuel and Nyansah, Douglas. (2025).@Sustainable soap making: harnessing cocoa pods and lemon peels towards a circular economy.@Indian Chem. Eng., 1-18.@No$Juzer Ali Rangwala and Geetha Sarasan (2014).@Synthesis of Medicinal Soap from Non Edible (Jatropha Oil) and Study of its Quality Parameters including Antimicrobial Activity.@Res. J. Chem. Sci., 4(4), 58-62.@Yes$Zia, M. A., Shah, S. H., Shoukat, S., Hussain, Z., Khan, S. U., & Shafqat, N. (2021).@Physicochemical features, functional characteristics, and health benefits of cottonseed oil: a review.@Braz. J. Biol., 82, e243511.@No$Marimuthu Krishnaveni, Ravi Dhanalakshmi, Nagaraj Nandhini. (2014).@GC-MS Analysis of Phytochemicals, Fatty acid Profile, Antimicrobial Activity of Gossypium Seeds@. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res, 27(1), 273-276.@Yes$Abdul, Aminullah Zakariyyah, Karamat, Nazia, Tar, Usman Alhaji, Saka, Tahiru, Abubakar, Abdulhalim Musa, & Memon, Hafeez-ur-Rahman. (2024).@Toilet Soap Formulation and Additives for Its Enhanced Physicochemical and Medicinal Properties.@U T J.Sci,, 11(1), 155-162.@No$Mirghani, M. E. S., Che Man, Y. B., Jinap, S., Baharin, B. S., & Bakar, J. (2002).@FTIR spectroscopic determination of soap in refined vegetable oils.@J Am Oil Chem Soc, 79(2), 111-116.@Yes$Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., & Ibnsouda, S. K. (2016).@Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review.@J Pharm Anal, 6(2), 71-79.@No$RÉDai, Emőke Margit, PÉTerfi, Orsolya, Vlad, Robert Alexandru, Antonoaea, Paula, Todoran, Nicoleta, Ciurba, Adriana and Sipos Emese (2024).@Formulation and Evaluation of Antifungal Miconazole Nitrate Medicated Soap.@Stud. Univ. Babes-Bolyai, Chem, 67-83.@No$Santos Junior, C. J., Lins, Fcco, Santos, P. O., Silva, V. B., Barros, Y. V. R., Araujo, M. A. S., .Souza, A. K. P. (2022).@@Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activity of antimicrobial soaps.@No$Chryssou, Katerina (2022).@Analysis of a Liquid Handwashing Detergent Product and Identification with an Infrared Absorption Spectrum and a Reflectance Graph.@Ann. Chem. Sci. Res., 3(2).@Yes$Kuhbacher, A., Burger-Kentischer, A., & Rupp, S. (2017).@Interaction of Candida Species with the Skin.@Microorganisms, 5(2).@Yes$Drozdz, M., Malaszczuk, M., Paluch, E., & Pawlak, A. (2021).@Zoonotic potential and prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from pets.@Infect Ecol Epidemiol, 11(1), 1975530.@No$Eng, Shu-Kee, Pusparajah, Priyia, Ab Mutalib, Nurul-Syakima, Ser, Hooi-Leng, Chan, Kok-Gan, & Lee, Learn-Han. (2015).@Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance.@Front. Life Sci., 8(3), 284-293. doi: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1051243@No$Pal, Mahendra, Gutama, Kirubel Paulos, Botton, Sonia de Avila, Singh, Sujatha, & Parmar, Bhupendra C. (2024).@Zoonotic Salmonellosis: A Comprehensive Review.@Ind. J. of Vet. Pub. Health, 10(1), 31-38.@Yes$Teklemariam, A. D., Al-Hindi, R. R., Albiheyri, R. S., Alharbi, M. G., Alghamdi, M. A., Filimban, A. A. R., Bhunia, A. K. (2023).@Human Salmonellosis: A Continuous Global Threat in the Farm-to-Fork Food Safety Continuum.@Foods, 12(9).@Yes$Ochiai, R. L., Acosta, C. J., Danovaro-Holliday, M. C., Baiqing, D., Bhattacharya, S. K., Agtini, M. D. Domi Typhoid Study, Group (2008).@A study of typhoid fever in five Asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls.@Bull. World Health Organ, 86(4), 260-268.@No$Lyombe, K. D. and Mwambete AND F. (2011).@Antimicrobial Activity of Medicated Soaps Commonly Used By Dar es Salaam Residents in Tanzania.@Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 73(1), 92-98.@No$Baker, B. P., & Grant, J. A. (2018).@Active ingredients eligible for minimum risk pesticide use: Overview of the profiles.@@No