@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Indoor Airborne Diversity of Allergenic Fungal Bioaerosols from Medical College Hospital, Amravati, MS, India<#LINE#>Vaishnavi Anilrao @Ingale,Dilip Vinayakrao @Hande <#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-RJRS-2025-018.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Faculty of Mycology, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India @Mahatma Fule Arts, Commerce & Sitaramji Chaudhari Science College, Warud, District Amravati, Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>11/10/2025<#LINE#>18/11/2025<#LINE#>In June 2025, this investigation assessed airborne allergenic fungal bioaerosols across five wards of the Medical College Hospital in Amravati. Air samples were gathered via the settle-plate technique on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), and the fungal colonies were subsequently identified based on microscopic and morphological characteristics. Nine fungal species were detected, mainly from Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Alternaria, Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Curvularia. Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, and A. niger were detected in all wards, indicating their dominance in hospital air. Cladosporium cladosporioides and Curvularia lunata were common in Dermatology and Gynecology wards, while Penicillium Spp. and Fusarium oxysporum were common in Orthopedics. Alternaria alternata  was abundant in the Pediatric ward, and Rhizopus stolonifer appeared mainly in Medicine and Gynecology wards. The variation in fungal presence was linked to humidity, ventilation, and hygiene. Many species are allergenic or opportunistic pathogens, posing health risks to immunocompromised patients. Continuous air monitoring and environmental control are recommended to maintain hospital safety.<#LINE#>Fukutomi, Y., & Taniguchi, M. (2015).@Sensitization to fungal allergens: resolved and unresolved issues.@Allergology International, 64(4), 321-331.@Yes$Latgé, J. P. (1999).@Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis.@Clinical microbiology reviews, 12(2), 310-350.@Yes$Hasnain, S. M., Akhter, T., & Waqar, M. A. (2012).@Airborne and allergenic fungal spores of the Karachi environment and their correlation with meteorological factors.3 Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 14(3), 1006-1013.@undefined@Yes$Nambiar, M., Varma, S. R., & Damdoum, M. (2021).@Post-Covid alliance-mucormycosis, a fatal sequel to the pandemic in India.@Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(11), 6461-6464.@Yes$Li, C. S. & Hou, P. A. (2003).@Bioaerosol characteristics in hospital clean rooms.@Science of the Total Environment, 305(1-3), 169-176.@Yes$Sarıca, S., Asan, A., Otkun, M. T., & Ture, M. (2002).@Monitoring indoor airborne fungi and bacteria in the different areas of Trakya University Hospital, Edirne, Turkey.@Indoor and built Environment, 11(5), 285-292.@Yes$Ekhaise, F. O. & Ogboghodo, B. I. (2011).@Microbiological indoor and outdoor air quality of two major hospitals in Benin City, Nigeria.@Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research, 3(3), 169-174.@Yes$Bhatia, L., & Vishwakarma, R. (2010).@Hospital indoor airborne microflora in private and government-owned hospitals in Sagar City, India.@World Journal of Medical Sciences, 5(3), 65-70.@Yes$Barnett, H. L., & Hunter, B. B. (1972).@Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi.@@Yes$Mayayo, E., Landeyro, J., Stchigel, A. M., Gazzoni, A., & Capilla, J. (2010).@Infiltración perineural por célulasfúngicas. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura.@RevistaIberoamericana de Micología, 27(2), 94-97.@Yes
<#LINE#>Peroxidase-Mediated Thymoquinone Biosynthesis in Nigella sativa: A pH-Dependent Enzymatic Insight<#LINE#>Upagya @Gyaneshwari,Brijesh @Pandey <#LINE#>5-10<#LINE#>2.ISCA-RJRS-2025-019.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari-845401, India@Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari-845401, India<#LINE#>30/11/2025<#LINE#>23/12/2025<#LINE#>Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is widely recognized for its pharmacological potential, largely attributed to thymoquinone (TQ), a key bioactive compound. Although TQ biosynthesis has been reported in various plants and microorganisms, its enzymatic pathway in N. sativa remains inadequately characterized. This study investigates the role of peroxidase enzymes in TQ biosynthesis, using thymol-a known precursoras the substrate, hypothesizing that the antioxidant capacity of N. sativa arises from robust enzymatic defense mechanisms. Peroxidase activity was evaluated in the leaves, buds, and fruits of the Rajendra Shyama cultivar using 1% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in Tris buffer at different pH 6.5, 7.0 and 7.5. Absorbance analyses at 254 nm and 274 nm were used to monitor TQ and thymol formation, respectively. Results revealed plant part-specific variations in enzymatic activity, with leaves unveiling the highest and fruits the lowest peroxidase activity. Optimal activity was observed at pH 6.5, which suggests a preference for slightly acidic to neutral conditions for effective TQ biosynthesis. Notably, differential absorbance patterns and correlation studies indicate the possible involvement of metabolites other than thymol in the biosynthetic pathway. These findings provide new insights into the enzymatic dynamics of N. sativa, with significant implications for therapeutic exploitation and metabolic engineering.<#LINE#>Amin, B., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2016).@Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its active constituent, thymoquinone: an overview on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.@Planta medica, 82 (01/02), 8-16.@Yes$Paarakh, P. M. (2010).@Nigella sativa Linn.–A comprehensive review.@Indian journal of natural products and resources, 1(4), 409-429.@Yes$Yimer, E. M., Tuem, K. B., Karim, A., Ur-Rehman, N., & Anwar, F. (2019).@Nigella sativa L. (Black Cumin): A Promising Natural Remedy for Wide Range of Illnesses.@Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2019, 1528635. https://doi.org/10.1155/ 2019/1528635@Yes$Khan, M. A. (1999). Chemical composition and medicinal properties of Nigella sativa Linn. Inflammopharmacology, 7(1), 15-35. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s10787-999-0023-y.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Randhawa, M. A. & Alghamdi, M. S. (2011).@Anticancer activity of Nigella sativa (black seed)—a review.@The American journal of Chinese medicine, 39(06), 1075-1091. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X1100941X.@Yes$Darakhshan, S., Pour, A. B., Colagar, A. H., & Sisakhtnezhad, S. (2015).@Thymoquinone and its therapeutic potentials.@Pharmacological research, 95, 138-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2015.03.011.@Yes$Ahmad, A., Mishra, R. K., Vyawahare, A., Kumar, A., Rehman, M. U., Qamar, W., Khan, A. Q., & Khan, R. (2019).@Thymoquinone (2-Isoprpyl-5-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinone) as a chemopreventive/anticancer agent: Chemistry and biological effects.@Saudi pharmaceutical journal, 27(8), 1113–1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps. 2019.09.008.@Yes$Ahmad, A., Husain, A., Mujeeb, M., Khan, S. A., Najmi, A. K., Siddique, N. A., Damanhouri, Z. A., & Anwar, F. (2013).@A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb.@Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 3(5), 337–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60075-1.@Yes$Isaev, N. K., Genrikhs, E. E., & Stelmashook, E. V. (2023).@Antioxidant Thymoquinone and Its Potential in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases.@Antioxidants, 12(2), 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020433.@Yes$Soliman, R. M., Salam, R. A. A., Eid, B. G., Khayyat, A., Neamatallah, T., Mesbah, M. K., & Hadad, G. M. (2020).@Stability study of thymoquinone, carvacrol and thymol using HPLC-UV and LC-ESI-MS.@Acta Pharmaceutica, 70(3), 325-342. https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2020-0028.@Yes$Salehi, B., Mishra, A. P., Nigam, M., Sener, B., Kilic, M., Sharifi-Rad, M., Fokou, P. V. T., Martins, N., & Sharifi-Rad, J. (2018).@Resveratrol: A Double-Edged Sword in Health Benefits.@Biomedicines, 6(3), 91. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/biomedicines6030091.@Yes$Ringer, K. L., Davis, E. M., & Croteau, R. (2005).@Monoterpene metabolism. Cloning, expression, and characterization of (−)-isopiperitenol / (−)-carveol dehydrogenase of peppermint and spearmint.@Plant physiology, 137(3), 863-872. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp. 104.053298.@Yes$Youn, H. D., Kim, E. J., Roe, J. H., Hah, Y. C., & Kang, S. O. (1996).@A novel nickel-containing superoxide dismutase from Streptomyces spp.@The Biochemical journal, 318(3), 889–896. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3180 889.@Yes$Lüddeke, F., Wülfing, A., Timke, M., Germer, F., Weber, J., Dikfidan, A. & Harder, J. (2012).@Geraniol and geranial dehydrogenases induced in anaerobic monoterpene degradation by Castellaniella defragrans.@Applied and environmental microbiology, 78(7), 2128-2136. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.07226-11.@Yes$Černý, M., Habánová, H., Berka, M., Luklová, M., & Brzobohatý, B. (2018).@Hydrogen Peroxide: Its Role in Plant Biology and Crosstalk with Signalling Networks.@International journal of molecular sciences, 19(9), 2812. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092 812.@Yes$Al-Khayri, J. M., Rashmi, R., Toppo, V., Chole, P. B., Banadka, A., Sudheer, W. N., Nagella, P., Shehata, W. F., Al-Mssallem, M. Q., Alessa, F. M., Almaghasla, M. I., & Rezk, A. A. (2023).@Plant Secondary Metabolites: The Weapons for Biotic Stress Management.@Metabolites, 13(6), 716. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo 13060716.@Yes$Freitas, C. D. T., Costa, J. H., Germano, T. A., de O Rocha, R., Ramos, M. V., & Bezerra, L. P. (2024).@Class III plant peroxidases: From classification to physiological functions.@International journal of biological macromolecules, 263(1), 130306. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijbiomac.2024.130306.@Yes$Alamri, M. A., Abdel-Kader, M. S., Salkini, M. A., & Alamri, M. A. (2024).@Thymol and carvacrol derivatives as anticancer agents; synthesis, in vitro activity, and computational analysis of biological targets.@RSC advances, 14(42), 30662–30672. https://doi.org/10.1039/ d4ra03941f.@Yes$Handy, D. E., & Loscalzo, J. (2022).@The role of glutathione peroxidase-1 in health and disease.@Free radical biology & medicine, 188, 146–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.004.@Yes$Rasuli, N., Riahi, H., Shariatmadari, Z., Nohooji, M. G., MehrabanJoubani, P., & Dehestani, A. (2025).@Enhancing thymol and carvacrol biosynthesis in Thymus vulgaris L. using Laurencia caspica seaweed extract: Biostimulant potential and gene expression insights.@Journal of Applied Phycology, 37(1), 645-657. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4626550/v1.@Yes$Jiang, B., Duan, D., Gao, L., Zhou, M., Fan, K., Tang, Y., Xi, J., Bi, Y., Tong, Z., Gao, G. F., et al. (2024).@Properties and Applications of Plant Peroxidases.@Journal of Biochemical Technology, 15(4), 3-8. https://doi.org/10.51847/6C0QKTK3Na.@Yes$Botnick, I., Xue, W., Bar, E., Ibdah, M., Schwartz, A., Joel, D. M., Lev, E., Fait, A., & Lewinsohn, E. (2012).@Distribution of Primary and Specialized Metabolites in Nigella sativa Seeds, a Spice with Vast Traditional and Historical Uses.@Molecules, 17(9), 10159-10177. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules170910159.@Yes$Rudolph, K., Parthier, C., Egerer-Sieber, C., Geiger, D., Muller, Y. A., Kreis, W., & Müller-Uri, F. (2016).@Expression, crystallization and structure elucidation of γ-terpinene synthase from Thymus vulgaris.@Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications, 72(1), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1107/ S2053230X15023043.@Yes$Pandey, V. P., Singh, S., Singh, R., & Dwivedi, U. N. (2012).@Purification and characterization of peroxidase from papaya (Carica papaya) fruit.@Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 167(2), 367-376. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s12010-012-9672-1.@Yes$Naghdi Badi, H. A., Abdollahi, M., Mehrafarin, A., Ghorbanpour, M., Tolyat, S. M., Qaderi, A., & Ghiaci Yekta, M. (2017).@An overview on two valuable natural and bioactive compounds, thymol and carvacrol, in medicinal plants.@Journal of Medicinal Plants, 16(63), 1-32.@Yes$Kainat, R., Mushtaq, Z., & Nadeem, F. (2019).@Derivatization of essential oil of Eucalyptus to obtain valuable market products-A comprehensive review.@International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences. 15, 58-68.@Yes$Bradford, M. M. (1976).@A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.@Analytical Biochemistry, 72(1-2), 248–254.@Yes$Krause, S. T., Liao, P., Crocoll, C., Boachon, B., Förster, C., Leidecker, F., Wiese, N., Zhao, D., Wood, J. C., Buell, C. R., Gershenzon, J., Dudareva, N., & Degenhardt, J. (2021).@The biosynthesis of thymol, carvacrol, and thymohydroquinone in Lamiaceae proceeds via cytochrome P450s and a short-chain dehydrogenase.@Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(52), e2110092118. https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.2110092118.@Yes$Sadeghi, E., Imenshahidi, M., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2023).@Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its active constituent, thymoquinone: a review.@Molecular biology reports,  50(6), 5439–5454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-08363-y.@Yes$Shaukat, A., Zaidi, A., Anwar, H., & Kizilbash, N. (2023).@Mechanism of the antidiabetic action of Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone: a review.@Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1126272. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1126272.@Yes$Zhou, W., Zhang, Y., Li, R., Peng, S., Ruan, R., Li, J., & Liu, W. (2021).@Fabrication of Caseinate Stabilized Thymol Nanosuspensions via the pH-Driven Method: Enhancement in Water Solubility of Thymol.@Foods, 10(5), 1074. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10051074.@Yes$BenchChem Technical Support Team (2025). Stability of chlorothymol: An in-depth technical guide on pH and temperature effects. BenchChem. Online pdf. Available at: https://www.benchchem.com/pdf/Stability_of_Chlorothymol_An_In_depth_Technical_Guide_on_pH_and_Temperature_Effects.pdf. December 2025.@undefined@undefined@No$Helmenstine, A. (2020).@pH Indicator Chart—Colors and Ranges.@Science Notes.@Yes$Gyaneshwari, U., & Pandey, B. (2024).@Tracing metabolic route of thymoquinone biosynthesis in diverse Nigella sativa L. cultivars using RP-HPLC technique.@Industrial Crops and Products, 219, 118972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.118972.@Yes$Cheng, R., Yang, S., Wang, D., Qin, F., Wang, S., & Meng, S. (2025).@Advances in the Biosynthesis of Plant Terpenoids: Models, Mechanisms, and Applications.@Plants, 14(10), 1428. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/plants14101428.@Yes$Zhu, J., Zhang, Y., Jiang, H., Zheng, M., & Gong, Y. (2025).@Engineering the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for co-production of phenolic monoterpenes thymol and carvacrol.@Microbial cell factories, 24(1), 208. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-025-02836-4.@Yes$Kim, E., Kim, M., & Oh, M. K. (2024).@Whole-cell bioconversion for producing thymoquinone by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.@Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 178, 110455. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.enzmictec.2024.110455.@Yes$Zhang, L., Chen, W., Lu, Y., Jiang, Y., Lin, L., Li, S., ... & Wang, S. (2025).@Electrooxidation of Thymol or Carvacrol to Obtain Thymoquinone on Defective Pt/CeO2 Catalyst.@Advanced Functional Materials, 2424617. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202424617.@Yes$Zheng, Y., Peng, Y., Zhao, S., Li, X., Xie, Z., Tan, R., Yang, L., & Jiang, H. (2025).@Comprehensive genome-wide analysis of peroxidase gene family in the Herpetospermum pedunculosum identifies HpPRX involved in lignan-specific biosynthesis.@International journal of biological macromolecules, 318(3), 145120. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijbiomac.2025.145120.@Yes$Lu Y, Ma R, Wu K, Sun J, Li Y, Zhao J, Qi Z, Sha G, Ge H, Shi Y. (2025).@Genomewide analysis of the Class III peroxidase gene family in apple (Malus domestica).@PeerJ, 13, e19741. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19741.@Yes
<#LINE#>Sustainability Assessment of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles versus Fossil Fuel Vehicles: A Canadian Perspective<#LINE#>Md Faiz Ur Rehman @Saquib,Syed Kumail @Ameer,Pranshu @Munjial,Osama @Aly <#LINE#>11-15<#LINE#>3.ISCA-RJRS-2025-020.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Calgary, Canada and Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Maharashtra, India@Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Calgary, Canada@Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Calgary, Canada@Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Calgary, Canada<#LINE#>30/11/2025<#LINE#>12/12/2025<#LINE#>Transportation is a primary driver of Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions, contributing nearly 27% to the national total. To meet the ambitious Net-Zero 2050 targets, a paradigm shift from conventional internal combustion vehicles (ICVs) to cleaner propulsion technologies is imperative. This study presents a comparative sustainability assessment of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCVs) within the specific energy context of Alberta. Utilizing a scenario-based approach, we integrated Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Fuel Cycle Assessment with multidimensional indicators—environmental, economic, and social—aligned with the Triple Bottom Line. The findings demonstrate that HFCVs significantly reduce tailpipe emissions and noise pollution while improving energy efficiency, thereby supporting the decarbonization of the transport sector. However, the sustainability of HFCVs is heavily dependent on the hydrogen production pathway; currently, natural gas reforming offers lower emissions and superior cost-effectiveness compared to electrolysis, given Alberta’s fossil-fuel-intensive electricity grid. Techno-economic analyses highlight reduced operational costs and potential for job creation, while social metrics suggest improvements in accessibility and public health. These insights underscore the necessity for robust infrastructure development, targeted policy interventions, and strategic investment in the hydrogen economy to accelerate adoption. Future work will focus on dynamic modelling to guide evidence-based decisions for Canada’s sustainable mobility transition.<#LINE#>Oxfam International (2018).@5 natural disasters that beg for climate action.@Retrieved November 29, 2023.@Yes$UNICEF (2023).@Devastating floods in Libya: Two months after massive storm, families are still reeling.@Retrieved November 29, 2023.@Yes$Cadman, T. (2018).@The United Nations framework convention on climate change.@In The Palgrave handbook of contemporary international political economy (pp. 359-375). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.@Yes$Government of Canada (2023).@Environment and natural resources: Global greenhouse gas emissions.@Retrieved November 27, 2023.@No$Government of Canada (2023).@Environment and natural resources: Net-zero emissions by 2050.@Retrieved November 24, 2023.@No$Natural Resources Canada (2016).@Links between fuel consumption, climate change, our environment and health.@Government of Canada.@No$Ipsos (2023).@Over a Quarter (27%) of Canadians Do Not Feel Safe Taking Public Transit Alone.@@No$Cross P. (2023).@Governments keep pushing public transit Canadians don’t want.@Financial Post.@No$Sutter H. M. (2023).@Canadians less keen to buy EVs, despite government policy push: Study.@BNN Bloomberg.@No$US Department of Energy (2023).@Fuel Cells: Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office.@@No$Global, T. W. I. (2023).@What are the pros and cons of hydrogen fuel cells.@@Yes$Government of Canada (2022).@Transportation Data Information Hub: Vehicle Registrations, 2021.@@No$Statistics Canada (2023).@Vehicle registrations, by type of vehicle and fuel type.@@No$Think Insure (2022).@Average KMs Per Year by Canadian Drivers.@@No$L. K. Mitropoulos and P. D. Prevedouros (2016).@Incorporating sustainability assessment in transportation planning: an urban transportation vehicle-based approach.@Transport Reviews, 36(5), 623–644. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/03081060.2016.1174363@Yes$G. Santos and K. Ribeiro (2013).@The use of sustainability indicators in urban passenger transport during the crisis period in Portugal.@Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 5(2), 209–214. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.04.010@Yes$M. Batista, F. Freire, and C. Silva (2015).@Vehicle environmental rating methodologies: Overview and application to light-duty vehicles in Portugal.@Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45, 611–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.040@Yes$C. Wulf, M. Kaltschmitt, and P. Zapp (2018).@Life Cycle Assessment of hydrogen transport and distribution options.@Journal of Cleaner Production, 199, 431–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07. 180@Yes$S. B. Walker, M. Fowler, and P. Ahmadi (2015).@Comparative life cycle assessment of power-to-gas generation, storage and use in various application pathways.@Journal of Energy Storage, 4, 135–148. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.est.2015.09.008@Yes$P. Ahmadi and E. Kjeang (2015).@Comparative life cycle assessment of hydrogen fuel cell passenger vehicles in different Canadian provinces.@International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40(38), 12905–12917. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.07.147@Yes$M. Kannangara, F. Bensebaa, and Y. Zhang (2021).@An adaptable life cycle greenhouse gas emissions assessment framework for light-duty vehicles.@Journal of Cleaner Production, 289, 128394. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jclepro.2021.128394@Yes$A. Valente, D. Iribarren, and J. Dufour (2020).@Using harmonised life-cycle indicators to explore the role of hydrogen in the environmental performance of fuel cell electric vehicles.@International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(47), 25758–25765. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijhydene.2020.06.280@Yes$J. C. Koj, C. Wulf, and P. Zapp (2019).@Environmental impacts of power-to-X systems - A review of techno- logical performance levels and assessment methods.@Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 112, 865–879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.06.029@Yes$P. Cuda, I. Dincer, and G. F. Naterer (2012).@Hydrogen utilization in various transportation modes and their life cycle environmental impacts.@International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37(1), 581–594. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.10.027@Yes$J. J. Hwang (2013).@Sustainability study of hydrogen pathways for fuel cell vehicle applications.@Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 19, 220–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.033@Yes$Alberta Energy Regulator (2023).@Emerging Resources – Hydrogen.@@No$Green Learning (2022).@Electrical Energy Calculator – Alberta.@@No$E. Shahraeeni, S. Ahmed, and K. Malek (2015).@Life cycle emissions and cost of transportation systems: A case study on hydrogen fuel-cell-based transport in British Columbia.@Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineer- ing, 25,  80–92.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2015.03.029@Yes$P. Ahmadi and E. Kjeang (2017).@Realistic simulation of fuel economy and life cycle metrics for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.@International Journal of Energy Research, 41(5), 714–727. https://doi.org/10.1002/ er.3672.@Yes$P. Ahmadi and A. Khoshnevisan (2022).@Dynamic simulation and lifecycle assessment of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles considering degradation of the fuel cell stack.@International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 47(58), 24445–24460.   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022. 06.215.@Yes
<#LINE#>Study of Feeding Guilds and Feeding Diversity of Passerine Birds of the Kota region of Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>Gajanan @Charpe,Meenakshi @Mayanger <#LINE#>16-20<#LINE#>4.ISCA-RJRS-2025-022.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Government College, Kota, Rajasthan, India@Department of Zoology, Government College, Kota, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>11/12/2025<#LINE#>25/12/2025<#LINE#>Perching birds of order Passeriformes is the largest group accounting about 60% of total reported birds around the globe. Due to this great diversity they also represent adaptability to utilise various available resources in different types of habitats. Passerines are best ecological models to understand how species adapt in different habitats to maximise fitness. The Kota district of Rajasthan, India, provides a unique platform for the study of avian feeding diversity due to its varied landscapes, water bodies, and a mixture of deciduous forests and urban areas. As there are various physio-geographical terrains the diversity of passerine birds are also found in good numbers. These perching birds has adapted to different diets available in different habitat types. Many has become generalists birds while forest and wetland associated birds are specialist in terms of their food preference. This study explores the species richness and feeding guild structure of passerine birds emphasizing their ecological roles and dietary adaptations in different habitats.<#LINE#>Schmitt, C. J. and Edwards, S. V. (2022).@Passerine birds.@Current Biology, 32(20), R1149-R1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.061.@Yes$Payevsky, V. A. (2014).@Phylogeny and Classification of Passerine Birds, Passeriformes.@Biology Bulletin Reviews, 4(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1134/S207908641402 0054.@Yes$Mariyappan, M., Rajendran, M., Velu, S., Johnson, A. D., Dinesh, G.K., Solaimuthu, K. & Sankar, M. (2023).@Ecological role and ecosystem services of birds: A review.@International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 13: 76–87. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v 13i61800.@Yes$Katuwal, H. B., Basnet, K. K., Rai, S. K., Gajurel, J. P., Scheidegger, C. and Nobis, M. P. (2016).@Seasonal changes in bird species and feeding guilds along elevational gradients of the Central Himalayas, Nepal.@PLoS One, 11(7): e 0158362.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0158362.@Yes$Dauber, J., Michaela, H., Dietmar, S., Rainer, W., Annette, O. and Wolters, V. (2003).@Landscape structure as an indicator of biodiversity: matrix effects on species richness.@Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 98, 321–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(03)00092-6.@Yes$Sun, Q., Wu, H., Zuo, T., Tian, Z., Wang, J. and Hou, J. (2025).@Protection of Passeriformes Birds in Wetland Ecological Restoration: A Case Study of the Reed Parrotbill (Paradoxornisheudei) in Baiyangdian.@Diversity, 17(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/ d17010075.@Yes$Koskimies, P. (1989).@Birds as a tool in environmental monitoring.Annales Zoological Fennici26: 153–166.@undefined@Yes$Morrison, M.L. (1986). Bird population as indicators of environmental change.@Current Ornithology. 3, 429–451.@undefined@Yes$Kumari, Urmila and Goyal, Nidhi (2025).@Diversity Distribution and Consideration Status of Avifauna in Chattaneshwer Wetland.@International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRSET2513 874.@Yes$Sharma, Anshu, Sharma, Harshit, Shrivastava, Surabhi and Neha (2019).@An investigation of biodiversity of avian fauna of ummedganjpakshivihar, Kota, Rajasthan, India.@Accent Journal of Economics Ecology & Engineering, 4(4), 2nd Conference (ICIRSTM).@Yes$Mayangar Meenakshi (2019).@Checklist of avian diversity of Kota (Rajasthan).@Life Science Bulletin, 16(1&2), 31-33.@Yes$Ginoya Darshan, Singh L. P., Deke Marry and Gautam, Gargi (2025).@A preliminary study on avifaunal species diversity of University of Kota (UOK) campus, Kota, Rajasthan, India.@International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 12(2), 94-101. https://www.doi.org/10. 22271/23940522.2025.v12.i2b.1089.@Yes$Ali, S. (2002).@The Book of Indian Birds (13th Revised Edition).@Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 326pp. ISBN: 978-0195665239.@Yes$Grimmett, R., Inskipp, C. and Inskipp, T. (2011).@Birds of the Indian Subcontinent (2nd edition).@Oxford University Press. 286-364pp. ISBN: 978-81-93315-09-5.@Yes$Bird Life International (2023).@State of the world’s birds: indicators for our changing world.@Cambridge, UK. www.birdlife.org.@Yes$Bibby, C.J., Burgess, N.D. and Hill, D.A. (2012).@Bird Census Techniques.@Academic Press, London, 66-86pp. ISBN: 9780080984506.@Yes$Buckland, S.T., Anderson, D.R., Burnham, K.P., Laake, J.L., Borchers, D.L. and Thomas, L. (2004).@Advanced Distance Sampling: Estimating Abundance of Biological Populations.@Oxford University Press, Oxford, 434pp. ISBN: 9780198507833.@Yes$Hutto, R.L., Pletschet, S.M. and Hendricks, P. (1986).@A fixed–radius point count method for non-breeding and breeding season use.@The Auk, 103(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/103.3.593.@Yes$Gajera, N.B., Mahato, A.K.R. and Kumar, V.V. (2013).@Status, distribution, and diversity of birds in mining environment of Kachchh, Gujarat.@International Journal of Biodiversity, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/471618.@Yes$Ghosh, S. (2010).@Urban biodiversity of Calcutta: Flowering plants, Butterflies, Birds and Mammals West Bengal, India.@Records of the Zoological Survey of India 327, 1–250. ISBN: 9878181712813.@Yes$Hossain, A. and Aditya, G. (2016).@Avian diversity in agricultural landscape: Records from Burdwan, West Bengal, India.@Proceedings of the Zoological Society 69(1), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-014-0118-3.@Yes$Prajapati, K.M., Patel, M.I. and Acharya, C.A. (2008).@Guild classification for urban birds.@The Asian Journal of Science, 3(1), 14-18.@Yes$O’Connell, T. J., Jackson, L. E. and Brooks, R. P. (2000).@Bird guilds as indicators of ecological condition in the Central Appalachians.@Ecological Applications, 10, 1706–1721. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010.@Yes$Gibbons, D.W. and R.D. Gregory (2006).@Birds.@pp 308–344. Sutherland, W.J. (ed.). Ecological Census Techniques: A Handbook. (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 446pp. ISBN: 9780511790508.@Yes$Javed, S. & R. Kaul (2000).@Field Methods for Birds Survey.@Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India, 61pp.@Yes$Jayson, E. and Mathew, D.N. (2000).@Diversity and species abundance distribution of birds in the tropical forests of Silent Valley, Kerala.@Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 97, 390–400.@Yes
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Entanglement to Enlightenment—Reappraising Quantum Paradoxes and Double Slit Experiment through Vedic Aakash<#LINE#>Gonuguntla Srinivasa @Rao <#LINE#>21-28<#LINE#>5.ISCA-RJRS-2025-023.pdf<#LINE#>Independent Researcher and Spiritual Seeker; Surgeon, Sri Krishna Hospital, Narasaraopet, Andhra Pradesh, India<#LINE#>11/12/2025<#LINE#>23/12/2025<#LINE#>Modern physics, despite its remarkable predictive successes, grapples with profound paradoxes that have left even its pioneers bewildered. Figures like Richard Feynman and Niels Bohr openly admitted the field's inherent lack of intuitive coherence, with Feynman remarking that, "No one understands quantum mechanics" and Bohr warning that true comprehension induces vertigo. At the heart of this turmoil lies the Double-Slit Experiment (DSE), which birthed enigmatic concepts such as wave-particle duality and the observer effect—ideas that seem to infuse mysticism into empirical science. This paper proposes a resolution by resurrecting the Vedic notion of Aakash (Ether) as a singular, tangible, continuous medium: the "Ocean of Photons." Through this lens, the DSE's infamous "wave function collapse" emerges not as a probabilistic enigma dependent on consciousness, but as a straightforward mechanical perturbation induced by the detector's physical intrusion. This framework unifies disparate elements like the Higgs Field, Dark Matter, and gravity, forging a bridge between the ancient Pancha Bhutas (five elements) and contemporary physics. Moreover, it extends the DSE's wave-particle toggle to Yogic methodologies, illuminating a rational, evidence-based route to perceiving omnipresence and achieving spiritual enlightenment. By demystifying quantum paradoxes and restoring mechanical causality, this model invites a paradigm shift toward a cohesive, logic-driven understanding of reality. With assistance from Grok (xAI), a novel Lagrangian formalizes Aakash as a viscous, incompressible fluid, yielding Navier-Stokes equations that mechanize its hydrodynamic behaviors.<#LINE#>Pais A. (1991).@Niels Bohr@Oxford University Press.@Yes$Feynman R. P. (1965).@The Character of Physical Law.@MIT Press.@Yes$Adler S. L. (2003).@Why decoherence has not solved the measurement problem: A response to P. W. Anderson.@Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 34(1), 135-142.@Yes$Michelson, A. A., & Morley, E. W. (1887).@On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether.@American Journal of Science, 34(203), 333-345.@Yes$Dobson, G. (1995).@Vishnu@Motilal Banarsidass@No$ATLAS Collaboration & CMS Collaboration (2012).@Observations of a new particle in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC.@Physics Letters B, 716(1), 1-29@Yes$Fresnel, A. (1818).@On the influence of the motion of the earth on the phenomena of light.@Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 9, 57-66.@Yes$Young, T. (1804).@Experiments and calculations relative to physical optics.@Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 94, 1-16@Yes$Grotz, T. (2025).@Aether (Akasha), Vedic Philosophy & Nicola Tesla.@Retrieved from http://mountainman.com. au/aether_1.html November 2025@No$Einstein, A. (1915).@Die Feldgleichungen der Gravitation.@Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 844-847.@Yes$Taha, A., & Gonzalez, D. (2023).@Variational principles for dissipative systems: Minimum pressure gradients in Navier-Stokes.@Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 952, A1.@Yes$Jacobson, T., et al. (2017).@Einstein-aether theory: Dynamics of relativistic particles with spin or polarization.@Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2017(04), 025.@Yes$Telles, S., et al. (2020).@Yoga and brain wave coherence: A systematic review.@Heart and Mind, 4(2), 45-56.@Yes