Research Journal of Recent Sciences _________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502 Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 255-260 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 255 Satellite Data Based Groundwater Prospects Study in Gurgaon District, Haryana, India Anup Kumar1*, R.S.Hooda, Anuj Goyal and Arun GoelHaryana Space Applications Centre (HARSAC), Deptt.of Science and Technology, Haryana, CCS HAU Campus, Hisar-125004, Haryana, INDIA Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, INDIAAvailable online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 20th November 2014, revised 20th March 2015, accepted 6th April 2015 AbstractWater is the prime natural resource for sustaining the life on the earth. The increasing population, urbanisation, industrialisation and agricultural practices have put pressure on the availability and quality of water especially on groundwater. For fulfilling the increasing demand of water in various sectors, there is need of searching, planning and management of surface and groundwater resources. In the present technological era, the remote sensing satellite data are highly useful for searching potential groundwater sites. In the study, IRS P6 LISS III satellite data of the year 2006 have been used for groundwater prospects mapping in Gurgaon district of Haryana State. Gurgaon district is situated between the latitudes 2739’58” N to 2832’30”N and longitudes 7639’10”E to 7720’27”E and covering 1254 sq.km area. The climate of the district is semi-arid type. The district has rocks of Delhi Super group comprising mainly quartzite and most part of the district is covered with alluvium and sand of Quaternary age. The present study has been carried out with main objective to map groundwater prospects in the district using satellite data. For achieving the objective, various thematic maps such as base map, lithology, lineament, geomorphology and drainage have been prepared on 1:50,000 scale with the help of IRS P6 LISS III satellite data of the year 2006, Survey of India (SOI) Toposheets and District Resource Map of Geological Survey of India (GSI) in ArcGIS 9.3 software. All the thematic maps have been integrated and prepared groundwater prospects map. Field visit has been done at selected locations to check the interpreted features. The field information has been incorporated in the pre-field maps and finalized all the thematic maps as well as groundwater prospects map. In the district, major groundwater prospects units are older alluvial plain, aeolian plain, sand dune complex, denudational hills and structural hills.The groundwater prospects in older alluvial plain is good to very good; in aeolian plain the groundwater prospects is moderate to good while in sand dune complex, denudational hills and structural hills the groundwater prospects is poor.The study provides the scenario of groundwater potential for targeting groundwater exploration sites, planning and management in the district. Keywords: Satellite, IRS, groundwater, prospects, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. Introduction Water is prime requirement for living beings on the planet earth. Water is being 2/3rd of the total area of the earth, but the availability of fresh drinkable water is very less. In the present developmental era, the use of water has increased many folds in every sector which have put pressure on the availability and quality of water especially the groundwater. In urban areas, the recharge areas are decreasing because of pavement and the groundwater withdrawal is increasing. For fulfilling the increasing demand of water, there is need to search out new potential groundwater sites as well as planning and management using modern technologies. The remote sensing satellite data, geographical information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) have potentiality in searching of groundwater potential sites. Many workers have used remote sensing satellite data in searching of potential zones in various types of terrain1-7. Study area: The study area Gurgaon district is situated between latitudes 2739’58” N to 2832’30”N and longitudes 7639’10” E to 7720’27” Ein southern part of Haryana state, India (figure-1). The district covers 1254 sq.km area (figure-1). The climate of the district is semi-arid type. Geologically, the district has rocks of Delhi Supergroup comprising quartzite and Quaternary age alluvium and sand. Methodology The present study has been carried out with main objective to study the groundwater prospects in Gurgaon district with the help of satellite data (figure-2). For achieving the objective, various thematic maps such as base map (figure-3), lithology map (figure-4), lineament map (figure-5), geomorphology map (figure-6) and drainage map(figure-7) have been prepared on 1:50,000 scale with the help of IRS P6 LISS III satellite data of the year 2006; Survey of India (SOI) Toposheets and District Resource Map of Geological Survey of India (GSI) in ArcGIS 9.3 software. Lithology, lineament, geomorphology and drainage mapshave been integrated and prepared groundwater prospects map (figure-8). Field visit has been done at selected locations to check the Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 255-260 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 256 interpreted features. Field information has been incorporated in the pre-field maps and finalised all the thematic maps and accordingly the groundwater prospects map. Figure-1 Location map showing the study area Results and Discussion In the district, five ground water prospects zones-older alluvial plain, aeolian plain, sand dune complex, denudational hills and structural hills have been delineated. Older alluvial plain: The alluvial plain is formed due to fluvial activities. The groundwater prospects in the older alluvial plain is good to very good. This hydro geomorphic unit covers60.83 sq. km area which is 4.85% of the total area of the district (Table 1 and figure-8). The water table depth and well depth have been observed 45m and 60m respectively (Table 2). Aeolian plain: The aeolian plain is formed due to wind action. The groundwater potential inaeolian plain is moderate to good. This hydrogeomorphic unit covers 1064.04sq.km. area which is 84.85 % of the total area of the district (table 1 and figure-8). The water table depthsand wells depth have been ranging between 40-80m and 80-120m respectively in this hydro geomorphic unit (table 2). Sand d une complex: Sand dune complex is formed due the wind action. This hydro geomorphic unit covers 2.43sq. km which is 0.19% of the total area of the district (Table 1 and Figure-8).The groundwater prospects in this hydro geomorphic is poor. Denudational hill: The denudational hill is formed due to denudation of structural hill. The denudational hills cover2.43sq. km which is 0.19% of the total area of the district (Table 1 and Figure-8).The groundwater prospects in this hydrogeomoprhic unit is poor except fractures and joints i.e. lineaments. Structural hill: The structural hill is formed due to tectonic activities and having large dimensions with structural features like folds, faults and joints. The structural hills have poor groundwater prospects except the weak zones like fractures and joints i.e. lineaments. This hydro geomorphic unit covers 113.04 sq.km area which is 9.02% of total area of the district (table 1 and figure-8). Table-1 Groundwater Prospects in the Study Area Hydro geomorphic Units Groundwater Prospects Area Covered (Sq. Km) Percent of Total Area Aeolian Plain Moderate to good 1064.04 84.85 Sand Dune Complex Poor 2.43 0.19 Older Alluvial Plain Good to very good 60.83 4.85 Denudational Hills Poor 13.66 1.09 Structural Hills Poor 113.04 9.02 Total 1254.00 100.00 Table-2 Wells Observation in the Hydro geomorphic Units Hydrogeomorphic Units Wells Observed Water Table Depth (m) Wells Depth (m) Aeolian Plain 12 Dug-cum-Tube Well (DCT)/13 Tube-well (TW) 40-80 80-120 Older Alluvial Plain 1 TW 45 60 Sand Dune Complex No well observed - - Denudational Hills Structural Hills No well observed - - Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 255-260 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 257 Figure-2 Satellite image of Gurgaon District Figure-3 Base map Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 255-260 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 258 Figure-4 Lithology map Figure-5 Lineament map Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 255-260 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 259 Figure-6 Drainage map Figure-7 Geomorphology map Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 255-260 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 260 Figure-8 Groundwater prospects map Conclusion The groundwater prospects in older alluvial plain is good to very good while in aeolian plain the groundwater prospects is moderate to good. In sand dune complex, denudational hills and structural hills, the groundwater prospects is poor. The study is highly useful for targeting groundwater exploration sites as well as planning and management of groundwater in the district. References 1.Bahuguna I.M., Nayak Shailesh, Tamilarsan V. and Moses J., Groundwater prospective zones in basaltic terrain using remote sensing, J. Ind. Soc. Remote Sensing, 31(2),101-105, (2003)2.Das S., Behera S.C., Kar A., Narendra P. and Guha S., Hydrogeomorphological mapping in ground water exploration using remotely sensed data- a case study in Keonjhar district, Orissa, J. Ind. Soc. 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Srinivasa , Govindaih S. and Gowda Honne H., Evaluation of groundwater potential zones in the sub-watersheds of north Pennar river basin around Pavagada, Karnataka, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques, J. Ind. Soc. Remote Sensing, 33(4), 483-493, (2005)