Research Journal of Recent Sciences _________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502 Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 110-119 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 110 Survey of Avifauna of Shriwardhan, District- Raigad MS, India Chavan Nilesh S.*Department of Zoology, G.E. Society’s, Art’s, Commerce and Science College, Shriwardhan-402 110, Dist.-Raigad, Maharashtra State, INDIAAvailable online at: www.isca.in, www.isca.me Received 17th October 2014, revised 22nd January 2015, accepted 6th February 2015 AbstractToday there are all together about 8650 species and 27 orders of living birds in the world. In India there are about 1200 species of birds, representing some 75 families and 20 orders. This is a very high number and represents a great variety for a single country. The reason for this is that India has a great diversity of climates, from moist tropical to the cold arctic of the Himalayan ranges, the dry and hot desert climate of Rajasthan and cool temperate climate of the hilly portions. Survey and sampling method was used. The study was conducted during three seasons. For the study Six different areas with dense vegetation were identified from Shreewardhan taluka namely Dighi, Kudki, Chikhlap, Aravi, Shreewardhan, Harihareshwar. About 64 species of Birds were observed and identified by using various sources at selected sites. These species are included under 34 families. Comparing the availability of bird species at Western Maharashtra (540), Shreewardhan (64) has about 12% of bird diversity observed during the study. The details of finding are discussed in the paper. Keywords: Shriwardhan, Avian diversity. Introduction The part of vast oriental biogeographic regions of the Indian subcontinent is very rich in biodiversity. There are more than 9000bird species in the world out of 1300 (i.e. about 13%) are present in Indian Subcontient. Birds are one of the best indicators of environmental qualityof any ecosystem. Most of the birds have specific habitat requirement from season to season. It is being suggested that avifauna are important for the ecosystem as they play various roles as a Scavenger, Pollinator and Predators of Insect pest. The developmental projects, Industrialization, Urbanization disturbs avian fauna5,6. Studies are avaible on the ecology of birds within State7,8. The Bird Ecology was studied in Bihar. at Kokkare Bellur10. The avian diversity was studied in Mahim bay, Mumbai11, at Koshi Barrage area in Nepal12. The ecology of birds of western ghats, Konkan And Malabar was also studied 13. The species diversity of birds in mangroves of Uran ( Raigad) study was conducted14. Even study of intertidal fauna of thane creek was carried out15. The aviandiversity in and around Bassein fort and Creek of Thane district was studied 16.mahul creek mumbai17 study of bird diversity was studied around Western Ghats near Kerala18-21.  \n  \r\r\nStudy Area: Shriwardhan is located in Raigad District of State of Maharashtra. Coordinates 1802’00”N 7301’00”E / 18.0333N 73.0167E / 18.0333;73.0167 Shriwardhan is a city and municipal council in Raigad district in the Indian State of Maharashtra. It has developed into a seaside resort, along with the nearby town of Harihareshwar, which also has a Shiva temple. Shriwardhan town itself does have many beaches (Its a Peninsula)- also there are other beautiful beach destinations nearby- like Diveagar Beach and Kondivali beach. People from across Maharashtra come to Shriwardhan and the nearby beaches all around the year. As of 2001 India census Shriwardhan had a population of 15,187. Males constitute 49% of the population and Females 51%. Shriwardhan has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy is 80% and female literacy is 68% in Shriwardhan, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Material and Methods Survey and sampling method was used. The study was conducted during three seasons. For the study, 6 different areas from the Shriwardhan taluka were selected on the basis of availability of water-body and dense vegetation and the selected sites were visited in the morning time. The bird species were observed with the help of Binocular and identified on the basis of Call, Contour, Shape, Habitat by using Reference books, internet data, clips of bird call etc 23,24,25 During the study some birds which might have escaped notice or observation may be small or less in number or rarely seen. The identified birds were categorized on the basis of their Order, Families and also according to their occurrence throughout the study period The birds observed during the study were grouped in accordance with the classification as follows: Resident (R) – Birds indigenous and residing in the area throughout the year. Resident-Migrant (RM) – The birds which migrate locally with Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 110-119 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 111 in the country. Migrant (M) – The birds which arrive in the area under study from other countries. The birds are also categorized by Modified Method into 3 distinct categories as follows: Common(C) – Frequently in relatively large number, Very Common (VC)- Observed very Frequently, Uncommon (UC) – Observed in relatively low number, Rare (r) Observed very rarely. Results and Discussion The present study revealed the presence of 64 species of birds of 35 families belonging to 13 orders. Out of these 48 species were Resident, 14 species were Resident Migrant and 2 species ar Migrant. On the basis of Order, individual species of Order-Passeriformes were 39% followed by Order- Ciconiformes 23% and Order Coraciformes 11% were observed to be dominant throughout the study period. On the basis of Family, Individual species of Family- Passeridae were 8% followed by family-Accipitridae, Aredidae, Muscicapidae 6% respectively and family- Decelonidae, Corvidae, Phasianidae 5% were observed tobe dominant throughout the study period. Table-1 Showing Number of Order and the % of bird species Sr.No. Order % 1 Anseriformes 3 2 Apodiformes 1 3 Bucerotiforme 3 4 Ciconiiformes 23 5 Columbiformes 3 6 Coraciformes 11 7 Cuculiformes 3 8 Galliformes 5 9 Gruciformes 2 10 Passeriformes 39 11 Piciformes 3 12 Psitaculiformes 2 13 Stringiformes 2 Figure-1 (a- Map and b- Satellite image) Showing location of selected sites Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 110-119 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 112 Figure-2 Showing Number of Order and the % of bird species Table-2 Showing Number of Families and the % of bird speciesSr.No. Family % Sr.No. Family % 1 Antidae 3 19 Alaudidae 2 2 Apodidae 2 20 Cisticolidae 2 3 Bucerotidae 3 21 Corvidae 5 4 Accipitridae 6 22 Hirudinadae 2 5 Aredidae 6 23 Irinidae 2 6 Birhinidae 2 24 Muscicapidae 6 7 Charadidae 3 25 laridae 2 8 Phalacrocoracidae 2 26 Nectanidae 2 9 Anhingidae 2 27 Passeridae 8 10 laridae 3 28 Pycnonotidae 3 11 columbidae 3 29 Silvidae 3 12 Alcedinidae 3 30 Sturnidae 3 13 Decelonidae 5 31 Zosteropidae 2 14 Meropidae 3 32 Megalamidae 2 15 Centropodidae 2 33 Picidae 2 16 Cuculidae 2 34 Psitacidae 2 17 Phasianidae 5 35 Tytonidae 2 18 Scolopasidae 2 Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 110-119 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 113 Figure-3 Showing Number of Families and the % of bird species Figure-4 Showing Avalability of Bird species at selected sites Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 110-119 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 114 Table-3 Showing Number of Order, families and bird species, with status Order No. Order Sr. No. Family English Name Scientific Name Local Name Status 1 Anseriformes 1 Anatidae Barheaded Goose Anser indicus Hans RM 2 Anatidae Spot-Billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha Badak RM 2 Apodiformes 3 Apodiadae House Swift Apus affinis Babeela RM 3 Bucerotiformes 4 Bucerotidae Great pied hornbill Bucerosbicornis Banrao R 5 Bucerotidae Malabar pied hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus Dhan Chiri R 4 Ciconiiformes 6 Accipitridae Brahminy Kite Haliastur Indus Khemkarni R 7 Accipitridae Pariah Kite Haliastur indus (sp) Cheel R 8 Accipitridae Indian White Backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis Gidhad R 9 Accipitridae Shikra Accipiter badius Shikra R 10 Ardeidae Cattel Egret Bubulcus ibis Gai bagla RM 11 Ardeidae Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii Andha bagla R 12 Ardeidae Little Egret Egretta garzetta Karchia bagla R 13 Ardeidae Large Egret Casmerodius albus Bada Bagla RM 14 Burhinidae Stone Curlew Burhius oedicnemus Barsiri R 15 Charadridae Red Wattled Lapwing Vaennus indicus Titwi R 16 Charadridae Yellow Wattled Lapwing Vaennus malbaricus Titwi R 17 Phalacrocoracidae Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger Pan-kowwa RM 18 Anhingidae Darter Anhinga melanogaster Panwa, Pan dubi RM 19 Laridae Yellow legged Gulls Larus cachinnans Dhomra M 20 Laridae Little Terns Sterna albifrons Not recorded R 5 Columbiformes 21 Columbidae Blue Rock pigeon Columba livia Kabutar R 22 Columbidae Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Perki R 6 Coraciiformes 23 Alcedinidae White Breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Kilkila R 24 Alcedinidae Small Blue Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Chhota kilkila RM 25 Dacelonidae Black Capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata Kourilla R 26 Dacelonidae Stork Billed Kingfisher Halcyon capensis Bada Kilkila R 27 Dacelonidae White Breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnenis Khandya R 28 Meropidae Small Bee Eater Merops orientalis Latham Veda raghu R 29 Meropidae Blue Cheek Bee Enter Merops persicus Pallas Bada patringa RM 7 Cuculiformes 30 Centropodidae Crow-pheasant or Coucal Centropus sinensis Domb Kaola R 31 Cuculidae Koel Eudynamys scolopacea Kokila R 8 Galliformes 32 Phasianidae Common Pea Fowl Pavo cristatus Mor R Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 110-119 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 115 33 Phasianidae Common Quail Coturnix coturnix Bater RM 34 Phasianidae Grey Jungle Fowl Gallus sonneratii Jungli Mmurghi R 9 Gruciformes 35 Scolopasidae Common Sandpiper Tringa/Actitis hypoleucos Kottan RM 10 Passeriformes 36 Alaudidae Crested Lark Galerida cristata Chandul R Passeriformes 37 Cisticolidae Ashywren Warbler Prinia socialis Phutki R Passeriformes 38 Corvidae House Crow Corvus splendens Koala R Passeriformes 39 Corvidae Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Vieillot Kotwal R Passeriformes 40 Corvidae Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos Wagler Dom Kaola R Passeriformes 41 Hirundinadae Redrumped Swallow Hirundo daurick Masjid ababeel RM Passeriformes 42 Irenidae Jerdon’s Chloropsis Chloropsis cochinchinensis jerdoni Harawa R Passeriformes 43 Muscicapidae Indian-Robbin Saxicila torquata Kulchuri R Passeriformes 44 Muscicapidae Mag pie Robbin Copsychus saularis Daiya R Passeriformes 45 Muscicapidae Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone paradise Kala Latora RM Passeriformes 46 Muscicapidae Shama Cocsichus malabaricus Daiyar R Passeriformes 47 Lanidae Grey Shirke Lanies excubitor Safed latora RM Passeriformes 48 Nectarnidae Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica Chumka R Passeriformes 49 Passeridae Grey Wagtail Motacilla caspick Flava M Passeriformes 50 Passeridae House Sparrow Passer domesticus Gauriyya R Passeriformes 51 Passeridae Large Pied Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis Daiya R Passeriformes 52 Passeridae Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis Rujel RM Passeriformes 53 Passeridae Baya weaver Pleceus philippinus Baya R Passeriformes 54 Pycnonotidae Read Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Bulbul R Passeriformes 55 Pycnonotidae Read Whiskered BulbulPycnonotus jocosus Kamera Bulbul R Passeriformes 56 Silvidae Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus Dumri R Passeriformes 57 Silvidae Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus Satbhai R Passeriformes 58 Sturnidae Common Myna Acridotheres trists Salonki R Passeriformes 59 Sturnidae Jungle Myna Acridotheres Fuscus Pahadi myna R Passeriformes 60 Zosteropidae White Eye Zosterops palperbrosa Baboona R 11 Piciformes 61 Megalaimidae Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima haemacephala Sonar R Piciformes 62 Picidae Heart spotted Woodpecker Hemicircus canente Katphora R 12 Psittaciformes 63 Psittecidae Rose ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri Popat/Tota R 13 Stringformes 64 Tytonidae Spotted Owlet Athene brama Chughad R Resident (R), Resident-Migrant (RM), Migrant (M) Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 110-119 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 116 Table-4 Showing Status of bird species at selected sites on the basis of availability Sr. No. English Name of Bird Species Availability of Bird species at selected sites and their status Site-1 Site-2 Site-3 Site-4 Site-5 Site-6 Status 1 Barheaded Goose N N N Y N Y r 2 Spot Billed Duck N N N Y N Y r 3 House Swift Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 4 Great pied hornbill Y Y Y N N Y C 5 Malabar pied hornbill Y Y Y N N Y C 6 Brahminy Kite Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 7 Pariah Kite Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 8 Indian White Backed Vulture N N Y Y N Y UC 9 Shikra Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 10 Cattel Egret Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 11 Indian Pond Heron Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 12 Little Egret Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 13 Large Egret Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 14 Stone Curlew N N Y Y N Y UC 15 Red Wattled Lapwing N N Y Y N Y UC 16 Yellow Wattled Lapwing N Y Y Y Y Y VC 17 Little Cormorant N Y Y Y Y N C 18 Darter N Y N Y Y N C 19 Yellow legged Gulls Y Y Y N Y N C 20 Little Terns Y Y Y N Y N C 21 Blue Rock pigeon Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 22 Spotted Dove Y N N Y N Y UC 23 White Breasted Kingfisher N Y Y Y N N UC 24 Small Blue Kingfisher Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 25 Black Capped Kingfisher N Y Y Y N Y C 26 Stork Billed Kingfisher N N N Y N Y r 27 White Breasted Kingfisher Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 28 Small Bee Eater Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 29 Blue Cheek Bee Enter Y Y Y N Y N C 30 Crow-pheasant or Coucal Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 31 Koel Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 32 Common Pea Fowl Y N N Y N Y UC 33 Common Quail Y N N Y N Y UC 34 Grey Jungle Fowl N N N Y N Y UC 35 Common Sandpiper Y Y Y N Y N C 36 Crested Lark Y Y Y N Y N C 37 Ashywren Warbler Y N N Y N Y UC 38 House Crow Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 39 Black Drongo Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 40 Jungle Crow Y Y Y Y Y Y VC Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 110-119 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 117 41 Redrumped Swallow Y Y Y N Y N C 42 Jerdon’s Chloropsis N N N Y N Y r 43 Indian-Robbin Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 44 Mag pie Robbin Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 45 Paradise Flycatcher Y N Y N N Y C 46 Shama Y N Y N N Y C 47 Grey Shirke N N N Y N Y UC 48 Purple Sunbird N N N Y N N r 49 Grey Wagtail Y N N Y N Y C 50 House Sparrow Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 51 Large Pied Wagtail Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 52 Tree Pipit N N N Y N N r 53 Baya weaver Y Y Y N Y N C 54 Read Vented Bulbul Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 55 Read Whiskered Bulbul Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 56 Common Babbler Y N N Y N Y C 57 Jungle Babbler N N N Y N Y UC 58 Common Myna Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 59 Jungle Myna Y N N Y N Y C 60 White Eye N N N Y N N r 61 Coppersmith Barbet Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 62 Heart spotted Woodpecker Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 63 Rose ringed Parakeet Y Y Y Y Y Y VC 64 Spotted Owlet Y N Y Y N Y C Common (C), Uncommon (UC), Very Common (VC) Rare (r), Available(Y), Not Available(N) Site 1- Hareshwar-Adi, Site 2-Shriwardhan-Jivana, Site 3-Aravi-Diveagar, Site 4- Vadavli-Kudki, Site 5- Dighi-Sarva, Site 6- Chikhlap-Devkhol Table-5 Showing Availability of Bird species at selected sites Availability Site-1 Site-2 Site-3 Site-4 Site-5 Site-6 Yes (Y) 46 41 46 53 37 51 No (N) 18 23 18 11 27 13 Table-6 Showing % of Bird species Available(Y), Not available(N) at selected sites Availability Site-1 Site-2 Site-3 Site-4 Site-5 Site-6 Yes (Y) 17% 15% 17% 19% 13% 19% No (N) 16% 21% 16% 10% 25% 12% The study was conducted at 6 different sites from Shriwardhan taluka. Out of 64 species, 53 bird species (19%) were observed at site-4 (Wadavli-Kudki), 51 bird species (19%) were observed at site-6 (Chikhlap-Devkhol). 46 bird species (17%) were observed at site -1 (Harihareshwar-Adi) and site-3 (Aravi-Diveagar) respectively. 41 bird species (15%) were observed at site-2 (Shriwardhan-Jivna).The minimum number of bird species i.e. 37 (13%) were observed at site-5 (Dighi-Sarva). Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502Vol. 4(ISC-2014), 110-119 (2015) Res. J. Recent. Sci. International Science Congress Association 118 Figure-5 (a),(b) Showing % of Bird species Available(Y), Not available(N) at selected sites On the basis of the frequency of bird species at selected sites,the status of bird species was described and the bird species were catagorised into Rare, Un-common, Common and Very common. Throughout the study,7 bird species (11%) were found tobe rare, 11 bird species (17%) were found to be uncommon, 18 bird species (28%) were found tobe common and 28 bird species (44%) were very common. Table-7 Showing Status wise number of species available at selected sites and their %Status No. of Bird Species % of Status of Bird species Rare(r) 7 11% Un-common(UC) 11 17% Common (C) 18 28% Very common (VC) 28 44% Figure-6 Showing Status wise % of bird species available at selected sites Conclusion The study was conducted during three seasons at 6 different sampling sites. 64 species of birds belonging to 35 families and 13 Orders were identified at different selected sites along with their status. The study revealed that Shreewardhan taluka harbours rich bird diversity. Comparing the availability of bird species at Western Ghats(540) Shreewardhan (64) has about 12% of bird diversity observed during the study. The sites with less abundance of bird species are greatly influenced by human activities include-hunting,, over-crowding, modification of habitats as a result of agricultural and industrial practices, developmental projects such as establishment of ports and the process of urbanization have been responsible for changes in bird population and habitats. 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