Research Journal of Recent Sciences ________________________________________________ ISSN 2277 - 2502
Vol. 1(ISC-2011), 310-312 (2012)
Res.J.Recent.Sci.

Short Communication

Impact of Microbe in Degradation of Bamboo Plantation of Balpakram National Park
of Meghalaya with Special Reference to the Parasitic Forms, India
Chakraborty Ratan
Department of Botany Don Bosco College, Tura, Meghalaya, INDIA

Available online at: www.isca.in
(Received 25th October 2011, revised 7th January 2012, accepted 24th January 2012)

Abstract
Most developing countries, especially in Africa, have been characterized by poverty and hunger, a situation that has been traced to
the daily rapid reduction in the quality and quantity of available water resources. Less than 1% of the global water resource is
reliably available for human consumption. A larger proportion of this percentage is polluted in most settlements in the developing
nations. This therefore necessitates the call for adequate management of the existing source in these countries. The research paper
looked at Nigerian major ecological zones based rainfall amount using normal of 1971 to 2000 with a based period of 2010. This
paper presents the potentials of adopting the technology in the management of Nigerian surface waters. It envisages that the
efficacy of the technology could reduce the present level of slow response to water quality assessment, fund wastage, duplication of
duties, and ensure adequate distribution of good water to the people.
Keywords: Assessment, monitoring, surface water, Nigeria major ecological zones, rainfall amount.

Introduction
The Balpakram National Park is located to the extreme South
Garo Hills of Meghalaya at a distance of 90 kms from
Baghmara. This pocket of pristine beauty named Balpakram
National Park is also close to the international boundary of
Bangladesh. It is established in the year 1987 and one of the
favorite national parks among adventure enthusiasts who like
to explore the wildlife and flora of various regions.

Material and Methods
Balpakram National Park of South Garo Hills district was
visited personally during the year 2008-2009 to detect the
pathogen which are responsible for the degradation of
bamboo plantation. The disease materials of bamboo plants
were collected in sterile polythene bags separately in an
aseptic condition. Infected stem, roots and leaf were
collected, noted their symptoms and brought to the
laboratory aseptically (figure 1). The myceliums of pathogen
were grown in different cultural media. Some of the
materials were send to Dehra Dun Forest Laboratory for
identification.

Figure - 1
Infected bamboo plantation in Balpakram National Park

Result and Discussions
Symptoms of the disease-I: Blackish brown spots appeared
on the supper surface of the leaf which was measured 1mm
to 2mm in length. The spots were developed in paralled form
and formed spindle shaped spots. The numbers of spots were
numerous on matured leaves (figure 2).

International Science Congress Association

Figure-2
Leaves infected by Curvularia geniculate
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Research Journal of Recent Sciences ____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277 - 2502
Vol. 1(ISC-2011), 310-312 (2012)
Res.J.Recent.Sci
Morphology of the pathogen and identification: Mycelium
septate, light brown in colour, conidiophores brown, septate,
curved at the tip, narrowed towards the base. Conidia is pale
brown, septate, born usually in dense panicle, boat shaped.
Conidia measuring 22.8 - 42µ×7 – 11.5µ in size. The
pathogen was identified as Curvularia geniculata (figure. 3).

Morphology of the pathogen and identification: Mycelium
partly immersed, hyaline, septate. Conidiophore in pale to
light brown, erect or divergent. Straight at the base but
geniculate at the apex. Conidia pale to mid brown, slightly
curved, fusiform, obtuse at apex, septate. Conidia measuring
20 – 40 µ × 6 - 8µ in size. The pathogen was identified as
Pseudocercospora bambusae (figure 5).

Figure-3
Curvularia geniculate

Figure-5
Pseudocercospara sp.

Symptoms of the disease-II: Leaf spots developed on the
upper surface of the leaf as pale brown, circular to sub
circular or occasionally elliptical, dark brown when old. Old
leaves were generally infected, young were free from disease
(figure 4).

Symptoms of the disease- III: A very thin white powdery
growth developed on both the surface of the leaf. Generally
disease was observed on the leaf (figure 6). White patches
originated as minute discoloured specks from which a
powdery mass radiates on all sides.

Figure-4
Leaves infected by Pseudocercospara sp.

Figure-6
Leaves infected by Cylindrocarpon sp.

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Research Journal of Recent Sciences ____________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277 - 2502
Vol. 1(ISC-2011), 310-312 (2012)
Res.J.Recent.Sci
Morphology of the pathogen and identification: Mycelium
white, septate. Conidiophores simple and branched. Both
macro and microconidia present. Macro conidia cylindric,
non septate, measuring 3.5 -11.5 µ × 3.0 -3.5µ. The pathogen
was identified as Cylindrocerpon sp (figure 7).

Morphology of the pathogen and identification: Hyphae is
septate and brown. Conidia typically catenulate, rough
walled, produced from both mycelia hyphae and form
conidiophores. Conidia produced in chains, measuring 5.3µ 10.5µ in diameter. The pathogen was identified as Periconia
digidata (figure 9).

Figure-7
Cylindrocarpon sp.
Symptoms of the disease-IV: Red brown to dark brown
colour was observed on the surface of the leaves (figure 8).
Both young and old leaves were observed to be infected.
Lower surface was free of spots.

Figure-9
Periconia sp.

References
1.

Sujan Singh and Pandey – A new rust genus on bamboo.
Trans. Br. Myco, Soc. 56:301-303 (2000)

2.

Shigo A.L., Biology of decay and wood quality, II. Int.
Congress of plant pathology, Minnesota U.S.A (1972)

3.

Bakshi B.K and Boyce J.S., Effects of fungal damage to
bamboo, Res. and Ind. 5,38-39 (1960)

4.

Sharma P. D., The Fungi, Rastogi publications, Meerut,
(1998)

5.

Sarbhay A. K., Fungi of India. Daya Publishing House.
Delhi (1997)

Figure-8
Leaves infected by Periconia sp.

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