Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ______________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606X Vol. 3(9), 80-82, September (2013) Res. J. Chem. Sci. International Science Congress Association 80 Short Communication A Concise Report on the Status of Groundwater of Babhnan Town, Basti, UP, IndiaPrasad R.V., Tripathi D.R. and Kumar VinodDeptt. of Chemistry, A.N.D. Kisan P.G. College, Babhnan Gonda, UP, INDIA Deptt. of Zoology, A.N.D. Kisan P.G. College, Babhnan Gonda, UP, INDIAAvailable online at: www.isca.in Received 7th August 2013, revised 26th August 2013, accepted 14th September 2013Abstract The Present study deals with the water quality index of ground water of various locations of Babhnan town during Feb-Apr. (2013). Ten water samples from hand pumps at various locations were collected using standard methods and analyzed for pH, turbidity, chloride, total hardness, nitrate, fluoride, iron, and free chlorine. The results shows that the ground water from all sampling sites is very hard and beyond permissible limit provided by WHO. Over all water quality of Babhnan town is very poor and unsuitable for drinking purposes. Keywords: Ground water, babhnan town ,WHO, quality of water. Introduction Water is a precious gift of nature. It is essential for the existence of life. It is found in different form on earth, like sea water, river water, pond water, well water and ground water. Today most of the population of our country depend on ground water for drinking and in other purposes of day today life. But due to urbanization and heavy industrialization the ground water of our country becomes unpleasant for drinking3-4. So the Present study deals to assess the some physico-chemical parameter of ground water of Babhnan town. In the present study, water samples were collected from hand pumps of different areas around Babhnan, Basti. Various physico-chemical parameters were determined and the results were compared with the values of various water qualities standards such as world health organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian standard (BIS). The main aim of the study was to report on the assessment of physico-chemical parameters of ground water of Babhnan town. Material and MethodsStudy Site:The study area Babhnan town is the border of Basti and Gonda district of UP, India. The Babhnan is located between 26.90N latitude and 82.80E longitude. It is 17 km north to NH 28. It is 30 km west to Basti and 60 km east to Gonda railway station. Sample Collection: A total 10 samples from different places which were minimum one Kilometer between one and another location was maintained in order to carry out a broad study on the quality of water in this area. The sample were collected in plastic bottles which were cleaned with acid water, followed by rinsing twice with distilled water. The analysis of water was done by using Himedia water testing kit. Table-1 Sampling places in the Babhnan Towan S.No. Sampling Places Sample No. 1. Kalimandir 1 2. A.N.D. Kisan P.G. College 2 3. J. Devi Mahila P.G. College 3 4. Near Power House 4 5. Sugar Mill Gate No.5 5 6. Near Railway station 6 7. Market centre 7 8. Bageshwar Nath 8 9. Marwatiya Bazar 9 10. Kabir Dharmshala 10 Results and DiscussionVarious Physico-chemical parameters determined for the water samples are given in table-2. From the analyzed results it is clear that the quality of water considerably varies from location to locations. The findings and their comparison with WHO health based drinking guide lines are presented in table-3. The data revealed a considerable variation in the water samples with respect to their chemical composition. pH varies from 7.1 to 7.6. This shows that all samples are under permissible limit of WHO. The water sample were found to be slightly basic in nature7-9. Turbidity varies from 10 to 15 NTU. Which are higher than the permissible limits as standard value of WHO is 5 NTU. It is may be due to presence of some dissolved particles in water. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606XVol. 3(9), 80-82, September (2013) Res. J. Chem. Sci. International Science Congress Association 81 Chloride varies from 20-285 mg/lit. Most of the samples are under the permissible limits as of WHO10. While sample no. 1 and 7 are exceeds the maximum permissible limits of 250 mg/lit. of WHO. Total hardness is considered as the major character of drinking water. Hardness is defined as the concentration of calciun and magnesium ion. According to Durfor and Backer’s11 classification of total hardness, water was very hard at all the locations and varies from 325-675 exceeds the maximum permissible limits of 300 mg/lit. of WHO12-16. Nitrate varies from 7 to 85 mg/lit. The sample no.2,3,4,5,6 and 10 are under permissible limits but sample no.1,7,8 and 9 are exceeds the maximum permissible limits of 50 mg/lit. of WHO. The concentration of fluoride in drinking water is critical considering health problems related to teeth and bones. High fluoride concentration causes dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis whereas the absence or low concentration of fluoride in drinking wter results in dental caries in children particularly when the fluoride conecentration is less than 0.5 mg/lit17. The concentration of fluoride ion in study area are within tolerance limit except sample no.2 and 8 are slightly lower than the specific value. The fluoride ion concentrations of most of the samples are fall well within that expected for good quality potable water7,17. Iron is the more frequent contaminants in the water supplies. It is a non hazardous element that can be nuisance in a water supply. The value of iron in study area varies from 0.3 to 1.2 mg/lit. Which are higher than the tolerance value except sample no-2. This may be due to soil origin and age old iron pipes used in the area. The shortage of iron causes a disease called “anaemia” and prolonged consumption of drinking water with high concentration of iron may be lead to liver disease called as haermosiderosis7,18. Free chlorine was found to be absent in all the samples. ConclusionTable-3 and above discussion shows that some of the parameters have the concentration level greater than the permissible limit. The observed standard deviation for the parameters shows that the deviation in the total hardness (110.75), chloride (99.83) and nitrate (34.09) are of moderately high range. From this it is concluded that various parameter concentration are varying highly in different location of Babhnan town. Our results suggest the following: i. The hand pump attached study area should with filter based on activated alumina adsorption might be solution for filtering drinking water. ii. Water should be filter by iron remover resin. iii. Environmental awareness of the health implication of fluoride is emphasized through education of public aid community participation. Table-2 Water Quality Parameters of Babhnan Town Sample No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pH7.57.67.57.37.67.27.37.27.17.4 Turbidity (NTU) 10 15 10 10 15 10 10 10 12 10 Chloride (mg/lit.) 280 30 20 70 45 105 285 180 180 205 Total Hardness(mg/lit.) 675 400 325 490 510 525 640 610 500 625 Nitrate (mg/lit.) 60 10 7 15 10 18 85 80 80 10 Fluoride(mg/lit.) 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 Iron (mg/lit.) 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.6 1.0 0.6 Free Chlorine (mg/lit.) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Table- 3Different Chemical Parameters of Hand pump water in and Around Babhnan Town, Basti (U.P.) and their comparison with WHO GuidelinesS.No. ARAMETERS WHO ANGEEAN SD IN . MAX. 1 pH 6.5-8.5 7.1 7.6 7.4 0.17 2 Turbidity (NTU) 5 10 15 11.2 2.09 3 Chloride (mg/lit.) 250 20 285 140 99.83 4 Total Hardness (mg/lit.) 300 325 675 530 110.75 5 Nitrate (mg/lit.) 50 7 85 37.5 34.09 6 Fluoride (mg/lit.) 1.5 0.3 1.5 0.7 0.3 7 Iron (mg/lit.) 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.71 0.30 8 Free Chlorine Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Research Journal of Chemical Sciences ___________________________________________________________ ISSN 2231-606XVol. 3(9), 80-82, September (2013) Res. J. Chem. Sci. International Science Congress Association 82 AcknowledgementsThe authors are thankful to Dr. Ram Prasad Ex-vice chancellor, Barkatullah University, Bhopal (M.P.), for providing academic inputs. Also thankful to Dr. T.A. Qureshi, (Ex.H.O.D) Deptt. Of Applied Aquaculture, Barkatullah, University, Bhopal, M.P. and to Prof. V.B. Upadhayay, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur (U.P.), for their valuable suggestions. 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