<p><span style=\"color: black; line-height: 150%; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',\'serif\'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\" lang=\"EN\">Gene regulatory factors that control the expression of genomic information come in a variety of flavors, with transcription factors and microRNAs representing the most numerous gene regulatory factors in multicellular genomes including plants</span><span style=\"background: white; color: black; line-height: 150%; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',\'serif\'; font-size: 12pt;\">. Regulatory mechanisms of these two main regulators are of great interest to biologists and may provide insights into the abiotic and biotic stress. However, the interaction between miRNAs and TFs in a regulatory network still remains uncovered. Previous research has been mostly directed at inferring either miRNA or TF regulatory networks from data. </span></p>
<p><span style=\"color: black; line-height: 150%; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',\'serif\'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\" lang=\"EN\">We used oligonucleotide microarrays containing </span><span style=\"background: white; line-height: 150%; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',\'serif\'; font-size: 12pt;\">51,279 transcripts</span><span style=\"line-height: 150%; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',\'serif\'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\" lang=\"EN\"> to <span style=\"color: black;\">identify total 132 drought and heat responsive target genes regulated by 11 TF&rsquo;s that are also differentially regulated by miRNA for abiotic stress in <em>Oryza sativa</em>. Some of the genes identified in this study had previously been associated with salt stress. However the majority were novel, indicating that there is a great number of genes that are induced by salt, heat and drought exposure and also miRNA regulated. Analysis of these stress expression profile data of <em style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">Oryza</em>provided clues regarding some putative cellular and molecular processes that are undertaken in response these three stresses. Many genes whose encoded proteins are implicated in response to light and radiation stimulus, hormone stimuli, oxidative stress, copper ion binding and electron transport were found to be enriched. </span></span></p>
<p><span style=\"color: black; line-height: 150%; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',\'serif\'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\" lang=\"EN\">Here, we review common principles of transcription factor&ndash; and microRNA-mediated gene regulatory events and discuss conceptual differences in how these factors control gene expression. This<a name=\"_GoBack\"></a> study identified a large number of candidate functional genes that appear to be constitutively involved in drought and heat stress tolerance and further examination of these genes may enable the molecular basis of these three stress tolerance to be elucidated.</span></p>