@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Police Use of Force: An Analysis of Factors that Affect Police Officer’s Decision to Use Force on Suspects <#LINE#>S.@AvdijaAvdi<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-129.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Indiana State University, USA<#LINE#>18
/8/2013<#LINE#>2/9/2013<#LINE#>  The purpose of this study is to investigate the multivariate relationship between a selected number of demographic and behavioral factors that best predict the likelihood of police use force on a suspect. Specifically, this study attempts to determine the amount of variation that can be explained in officer’s decision to use force on suspects by taking into account factors that relate to the suspect (e.g., age, gender, race, and suspect’s behavior) and factors that relate to the officer (e.g., age, gender, race, and years of service as a police officer). The analyses are based on a total of 882 recorded police-suspect incidents in the Metro-Dade Police Department, Florida, U.S.A. The findings of this study show that suspect’s resistance during police-suspect encounters is the strongest predictor of police use of force, followed by suspect’s passive non-physical behavior (calm vs. visibly upset). Additionally, this study shows that officer’s years of service in the law enforcement is manifested with an increase in the likelihood of police use of force on suspects. Overall, this study shows that the largest amount of variation on police use of force is explained by suspect’s behavioral factors.  <#LINE#> @ @ Bazley T. D., Lersch K., and Mieczkowski T., Officer Force Versus Suspect Resistance: A Gendered Analysis of Patrol Officers in an Urban Police Department, Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(2, 183-192 (2007) @No $ @ @ Brandl S.G., Stroshine M.S., and Frank J., Who Are the Complaint-Prone Officers? An Examination of the Relationship between Police Officers’ Attributes, Arrest Activity, Assignment, and Citizens Complaints about Excessive Force, Journal of Criminal Justice, 29, 521-529 (2001) @No $ @ @ Hoffman P.B. and Hickey E.R., Use of Force by Female Police Officers, Journal of Criminal Justice, 33, 145-151 (2005) @No $ @ @ Williams J. J. and Hester G., Sheriff Law Enforcement Officers and the Use of Force, Journal of Criminal Justice, 31, 373-381 (2003) @No $ @ @ Wolf R., Mesloh C., Henych M. and Thompson F., Police Use of Force and the Cumulative Force Factor. A Five-Year Analysis, Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 32 (4), 739-757 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kaminski R.J., Digiovanni C. and Downs R., The Use of Force between the Police and Persons with impaired Judgment, Police Quarterly, 7 (3), 311-338 (2004) @No $ @ @ Crawford C., and Burns R., Predictors of the Police Use of Force: The Application of a Continuum Perspective in Phoenix, Police Quarterly, 1 (4), 41-63 (1998) @No $ @ @ McElvain J.P. and Kposowa A.J., Police Officer Characteristics and Internal Affairs Investigations for Use of Force Allegations, Journal of Criminal Justice, 32 (3), 265-279 (2004) @No $ @ @ Garner J.H., Maxwell C.D. and Heraux C.G., Characteristics Associated with the Prevalence and Severity of Force Used by the Police, Justice Quarterly, 19(4), 705-746 (2002) @No $ @ @ Reiss A.J., Jr., Police Brutality: The Criminal in the Arms of the Law, Crime and Justice,  293–308 (1972) @No $ @ @ Gau J.M., Mosher C. and Pratt T.C., An Inquiry into the Impact of Suspect Race on Police Use of Tasers. Police Quarterly, 13(1), 27-48 (2010) @No $ @ @ Garner J.H. and Maxwell C.D., Measuring the Amount of Force Used by and Against the Police in Six Jurisdictions. Use of Force by Police: Overview of National and Local Data, Research Report. Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice and Bureau of Justice Statistics (1999) @No $ @ @ Manzoni P. and Eisner M., Violence Between the Police and the Public: Influence of Work-Related Stress, Job Satisfaction, Burnout, and Situational Factors. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33(5), 633-645 (2006) @No $ @ @ Klohm C.F. and Tillyer R., Understanding Police Use of Force: A Review of the Evidence. Southwest Journal of Criminal Justice, 7(2), 214-239 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lawton B., Levels of Nonlethal Force: An Examination of Individual, Situational and Contextual Factors. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 44(2), 163-184 (2007) @No $ @ @ McCluskey J. and Terrill W., Departmental and Citizen Complaints as Predictors of Police Coercion, Policing:An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management,28 (3), 513-529 (2005) @No $ @ @ Terrill W. and Mastrofski S., Situational and Officer Based Determinants of Police Coercion. Justice Quarterly, 19(2), 215-248 (2002) @No $ @ @ Seattle Police Special Report: Use of Force by Seattle Police Department Officers 2006-2009. Retrieved August 9, 2013, from http://www.seattle.gov/police /publications /policy/UseofForceReport.pdf @No $ @ @  Paoline E.A. III., and Terrill W., Women Police Officers and the Use of Coercion. Women and Criminal Justice, 15 (4), 97-119 (2004) @No $ @ @ @No $ @ @  Grennan S.A., Findings on the Role of Officer Gender in Violent Encounters with Citizens. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 15(1), 7885 (1987) @No $ @ @  @No 
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Domestic Violence and Human Rights<#LINE#>N.@Bharani<#LINE#>7-10<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-127.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Political Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore, INDIA<#LINE#>4/8/2013<#LINE#>30
/8/2013<#LINE#>  Domestic violence is a global problem. It undermines the value of a women as an individual and denies her the dignity of a human being. It, therefore, is a serious human rights violation. Domestic violence is a series of repeated abusive behavior which affects women's participation in public and private spheres. It also harms a woman's physical, mental, psychological and sexual well being. Taking serious note of it, countries worldwide, irrespective of their social, economic and political status are formulating legislative solutions to curb the menace. Though domestic violence and human rights are independent topics, they are closely related and impact one another in a very serious manner. Domestic violence, until few years back, was a limited area of study and was seen purely in the light of marital discord between husband and wife in a household. However, with international agencies like UN and State agencies coming into picture, the perception of domestic violence has undergone a change and now it is being widely considered as a serious gender and human rights issue. Sincere effort is needed to build sensitivity and create awareness among individuals and agencies about it. Along with formulating legislations and policies in this regard, nations should pay equal attention towards effective implementation. The paper is based on theoretical research and begins by introducing the concepts of human rights, domestic violence and important players involved in it. The paper mainly focuses on various facets of domestic violence, human rights instruments made available by United Nations and on legislative measures developed by select countries to counter domestic violence. The paper concludes by discussing briefly the contribution and role played by civil society groups in India towards the issue. <#LINE#> @ @ Davis L Richard, Domestic Violence: Facts and Fallacies, Praeger Publishers, United States of America (1998) @No $ @ @ Misra Preeti, Domestic Violence Against Women: Legal Control and Judicial Response, Deep and Deep Publishing Company (2007) @No $ @ @ Physical Violence, http://education.qld.gov.au /actsmartbesafe /violence/physical.html (2013) @No $ @ @ Psychological Violence, http://www.spvm.qc.ca/en/service /1_3_1_1_violpsycho.asp#intimidation(2013) @No $ @ @ Facts about Sexual Harassment, The US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (2002) @No $ @ @ Economic Violence To Women and Girls.Is It Receiving the Necessary Attention? Olufunmilayo I.Fawole, tva.sagepub.com/content/9/3/167.full.pdf (2008) @No $ @ @ Kenney Latchana Karen, Domestic Violence, ABDO Publishing Company (2012) @No $ @ @ Waghamode R.H, Desai Bhavana, Kalyan J.L, Domestic Violence against Women: An Analysis, International Research Journal of Social Sciences,2(1), 34-37, (2013) @No $ @ @ UN Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences, http://www. theadvocatesforhumanrights.org (2010) @No $ @ @ Sudersan Harini and Ramakrishnan Niruphama, The Domestic Violence Act: Constitutional Perspectives, http://www.legalserviceindia.com/articles/dmt.htm (2013) @No $ @ @ Domestic Violence Against women in India: Summary- Papers presented at the Natinal Seminar on Domestic Violence Against Women and Role of Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2006, held at Lucknow during 19-20 July 2008, Madhav Books (2009) @No $ @ @ United States Department of Justice, http://www.ovw.usdoj.gov /overview.htm 2012)13.Pakistan passes bill against domestic violence, Khurram Shahzad, oneworld.net (2009) @No $ @ @ The Passage of Domestic Violence Legislation in Ghana, Takyiwaa Manuh Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, www.pathwaysofempowerment.org /GhanaDV.pdf(2013) @No $ @ @ Khot Anagha, Menon Sumita and Dilip T.R, Domestic Violence, Levels, Correlates, Causes, Impact, and Response : A Community Based Study of Married Women from Mumbai Slums, Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied themes (2004) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>Role MSME Act 2006 in Promoting SSIs in Malappuram: An empirical study of Manjeri Municipality, Kerala, India<#LINE#>N.@Shihabudheen<#LINE#>11-18<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-130.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Applied Economics, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi, Kerala, INDIA<#LINE#>19
/8/2013<#LINE#>29
/8/2013<#LINE#>  Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises sector has emerged as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector of the Indian economy over the last five decades. MSMEs not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at comparatively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural and backward areas, thereby, reducing regional imbalances, assuring more equitable distribution of national income and wealth. MSMEs are complementary to large industries as ancillary units and this sector contributes enormously to the socioeconomic development of the country. In the development of Indian economy and Industrial sector small industry sector have a major role to play. Small scale industries comprise 50% of Indian manufactured export, 45% of India’s industrial employment and also small scale industrial units have great role in increasing GDP.<#LINE#> @ @ Devarajan Ramnarayan S., Entrepreneurial Leadership and Thriving Innovation Activity, Proceed of 7th Intl. Conf. on Global Business and Eco Development, Bangkok (2003) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni P.R., A New Deal for Small and Medium Enterprises in India, The ICFAI Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 1 (2008) @No $ @ @ Drucker, The Practice of Innovation, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Practice and Principles, Harper and Row, New York (1985) @No $ @ @ Ahluwalia I.J., Industrial Growth in India: Stagnation Since the Mid- Sixties, Oxford University Press, London (1985) @No $ @ @ Kela Lahiri, Small scale industries performance and challenges ICFAI Press (2007) @No $ @ @ Das and Jaya Prakash Pradhan Gujarat Institute of Development Research, Sardar Patel Institute of Economic and Social Research (2009) @No $ @ @ Gilmore A., et.al. Added value: a qualitative assessment of SME marketing, Irish Marketing Review, (1999) @No $ @ @ Nirmal K gupta Small industry: Challenges and Perspectives, Anmol publications (2010) @No $ @ @ Punnathara CJ. Shrimp Exporters turn innovative, The Hindu Business Line, January (2009) @No $ @ @ Saboo Meghna J.C., Management of Small Scale Industry, Himalaya publishing House (2006) @No $ @ @ Lewis William, Unlocking potential: remove barriers to India’s growth, The Wall Street Journal,(2001) @No $ @ @ Vasant Desai, Small Scale industries and entrepreneurship, Himalaya publishing House (2002) @No $ @ @ Nayar Baldev Raj,. Globalization and Nationalism: The Changing Balance in India’s. (2001) @No $ @ @ Houshang Taghizadeh, Saeid Sarbazy Moghadam, Hadi Yasrebdoost, Aziz Razmi, Evaluation of the Relation of Business Ethics and Job SatisfactionRes. J. Recent Sci.(2013) @No $ @ @ Homa Droudi and Firouz Dindar Farkoosh, An Investigation on the Relation between Human Resources Management and Organizational DevelopmentsRes. J. Recent Sci.,(2013) @No $ @ @ Akhtar Shoaib Ch., Naseer Zainab, Haider Maqsood and Rafiq Sana Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Organizations, Res. J. Recent Sci.,(2013) @No $ @ @ Satija Kalpanan and Patel Mohan, I Mainstreaming Women Employment and Human Development in Kheda District India-Sustainable Livelihod Approach to Poverty by UNDP, Res. J. Social Sci.,(2012) @No $ @ @ Pathania Rajni, Linkages between Export, Import and Capital Formation in India, Int. Res. J Social Sci.,(2013) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>The activities of Welsh Presbyterian Mission in Barak Valley<#LINE#>Kanti@SinhaAmal<#LINE#>19-22<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-137.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of History, Janata College, Kabuganj, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>29/8/2013<#LINE#>5/9/2013<#LINE#>  The main subject of this work is the study of the activities of the Welsh Presbyterian Missionaries of Barak Valley. It is the southern part of Assam comprising of three districts viz Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi together known as Barak Valley. Different Christian Missionaries namely Baptist, Catholic, Welsh Presbyterian, Salvation Army, Anglican Church and Seven day Adventist etc came and established. Their mission stations before and after the independence of India. But among them the Welsh Presbyterian Missionaries were the first and pioneer Christian Missionaries of Barak Valley. In 1851 William Pryse the first Welsh Missionary came to Cachar plains. However, he could not establish any mission station in Barak area. In 1893, the three Welsh Missionaries namely Dr Thomas Jones, Miss Elizabeth William and Miss Laura Evens supported each others and established their mission station at silchar which was the chief town of Cachar district. During fifty five years of their service from 1893 to 1958, twenty Welsh Missionaries came to Silchar and twenty two missionaries came to Karimganj they established Presbyterian system of church government, Christian missionary schools and also the dispensaries to serve the tribal as well as the poor people of the valley. <#LINE#> @ @ Vanlalchhunga Rev., Marvalous Mission. Shalom publication, Aizawl Mizoram, 1 (2008) @No $ @ @ Griffths Basil, Khasis and the Welsh Leacy. Basil Griffiths Cymru (Wales) united kingdom, 8 (2007) @No $ @ @ Morris Hughes John, The story of our foreign Mission. The Synod publication Board Aizawl, Mizoram, 5 (1990) @No $ @ @ Vanlalchhunga Rev., Marvalous Mission, 10 (2008) @No $ @ @ Goala Ranjit, Silver Jublilee celebration 1st March, 2002. Souvenir Silver Jubilee Committee Barak Presbyterian Silchar, 17 (2002) @No $ @ @ Goala Ranjit, chairman of Barak Presbyterian church, Silchar Cachar personal interview on 6th July 2013 at his residence, (2013) @No $ @ @ Nandi purkayastha Sunanda, A study of women education in Cachar district. (An unpublished thesis. Assam Univresity Silchar), 58 (2002) @No $ @ @ Vanlalchhunga Rev., Reports of the foreign Mission of the Presbyterian Church of Wales on Sylhet Bangladesh and Cachar, India. 1886-1955, Shalom Publication, Silchar, Church Road, Assam, 39 (2003) @No $ @ @  @No 
<#LINE#>The Role of Women Self – Help Groups in Rural Development of Karnataka State, India <#LINE#>S.@Manjunatha<#LINE#>23-25<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-120.pdf<#LINE#> DOS in Sociology, University of Mysore, Mysore, INDIA<#LINE#>20
/7/2013<#LINE#>3/8/2013<#LINE#>  Today, in India the problem of rural poverty is increasing very rapidly. There are a very few way to eradicate rural poverty in India. Mainly providing economic support to the rural people, particularly to the rural women, has been proved very fruitful to reduce the poverty in rural India. Providing economic support or loans to the rural women helps them to empower, not only economically but also socially, further this strengthens the whole society in general. Hence, the present study is placed in this context to examine the relationship between Self Help Groups and socio-economic development of rural community in general and women in particular of Karnataka state and also to suggest suitable measures for the effective improvement of functioning of SHGs in improving the socio-economic conditions of the rural people. For the said purpose the primary data has been collected from field survey in Hassan district of Karnataka state. In the present study, based on the analysis and discussion on the performance evaluation of women SHGs and rural development in Karnataka state, major findings of this study have been explained in detail. <#LINE#> @ @ Chambers Robert, Whose Reality Counts? Putting the first last, United Kingdom: Intermediate Technology Publications, Isalkar, (1997) @No $ @ @ Aiyar Swaminathan S.A., Roads will lead to rural prosperity. (SWAMINOMICS, column in Sunday Times of India 3 February 2008) (2008) @No $ @ @ Manjunatha S., The Usage of Social Networking Sites Among the College Students in India, International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2(5), 15-21, (2013) @No $ @ @ Jadhav Radheshyam, Farmer suicides in West Maharashtra too, Times of India, 7th February, 2008, (2008) @No $ @ @ Manjunatha S., A Sociological Study on the Influence of Social Networking Sites on the Interpersonal Relationships of College Students in Bangalore and Mysore Cities of India, International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2(6), 12-19, (2013) @No $ @ @ Manjunatha S., A Sociological Study on the Electronic News Media in Karnataka State, International Journal of Management and Social Sciences Research (IJMSSR)2(7),(2013) @No $ @ @ Sainath P., Of chit funds and loan lotteries India Together, (2005) @No $ @ @ Wilson Kim, Self-help groups in India: A study of lights and shades, EDA Rural systems, Pvt. Ltd., (2004) @No $ @ @ Woolcock Michael J.V., Learning from failures in microfinance: What unsuccessful cases tell us about how group-based programmes work, American Journal of Economics and Sociology,(1999) @No $ @ @ Yunus Muhammad, What is Microcredit?, Grameen banking for the poor, (2007) @No $ @ @ Umesh, Breaking barriers on way to development, Times of India 7 February 2008, (2008) @No $ @ @  @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>China-Africa Cooperation-An outstanding relationship Built on Mutual Respect and Common Benefits: A Review<#LINE#>SandyEdward@Hinga,Jun@Yao,Yiguan@Qian<#LINE#>26-32<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJSS-2013-131.pdf<#LINE#> School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, CHINA  @ School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and National, International Cooperation Base on Environment and Energy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P.R. CHINA @ Department of Chemistry, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, SIERRA LEONE<#LINE#>23/8/2013<#LINE#>30
/8/2013<#LINE#>  China-Africa relations date as far back as the sixteenth century and is characterized as mutual socio-cultural and economic partnerships. Closer cooperation in recent times is forged with the objectives of protecting common interest and promoting economic development between the two. With the emergence of China as a global super power, it views Africa as a strategic partner in the race for natural resources and a ground for newer markets. China engages the continent on a broad range of diplomatic, trade and economic forums with the aim of strengthening fraternal ties and gaining an upper hand in the acquisition of the continent’s natural resources. These strides have been very fruitful with results showing a gradual advantage of China over its Western competitors for economic interests on the continent. Nonetheless, China has been criticized for its robust diplomatic and trade maneuvers especially with rogue states and despotic African leaders at the somber plight of the poor citizens. Poor labor conditions and appalling environmental records are also highlights of China’s shortcomings. Thus, there is need for the country to fine tune its strategic socio-political and economic cooperation with the aim of fostering political stability and reducing poverty on the continent. Chinese investments should also adopt best codes of practices that aim at minimizing conflicts and guaranteeing conducive investment environments. <#LINE#> @ @ Nagara B., Superpower gun Barrels Pivot East. www.thestar.co..my/columnist/story, (2012) @No $ @ @ Gin O.K., South-East Asia: A historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, ABC-CLIO, 626, ISBN 1-57607-770-5, (2004) @No $ @ @ Yu J. and Wang Z., China-Africa Strategic Partnership Ushered in a New Era, Proceedings of the 6th Shanghai Workshop on Global Governance, 77-91, (2008) @No $ @ @ Kapuwa B.P., China-Africa Cooperation: Resources Shortage or Resource Curse? 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South-South Knowledge Exchange Hub. (http://wbi.worldbank.org /sske/result-story/2586) (2012) @No $ @ @ Shu Y., China-Africa relations based on equality, mutual benefit and common development, People’s Daily News, Beijing, China, February, 26, 2010. http:// english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90780/6903736.html(2010) @No $ @ @ Chaponniere J.R., Gabas J.J. and Zheng Q., China Africa in agriculture:A background paper on Trade, investment and aid in agriculture. China-DAC Study Group on Agriculture, Food Security and Rural Development, Bamako, April 27-28, (2010) @No $ @ @ Akinkugbe R. and Steel J., New African Energy-The Ripple Effect. SOAS, University of London, (2012) @No $ @ @ Huang W. and Wilkes A., Analysis of approvals for Chinese companies to invest in Africa’s mining, agriculture and forestry sectors, Working Paper 81. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia, http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/ebook/serien/yo /CIFOR_WP/WP81.pdf(2013) @No $ @ @ Liu Y., Zhong L. and Thompson T., Assistance of Chinese Characteristics China’s Aid Program in Africa and its Consequences. Conference Paper presented at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University on the theme: China’s Role in Global and Regional Governance. (http:// www.sinoafrica.org/en/node/958), (2011) @No $ @ @ Hodel M., The Scramble for Energy: China’s Oil Investment in Africa. Journal of International Policy Solutions, (2008) @No $ @ @ Fraser C., How China is remaing Africa’s mining sector. 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Search and Discovery, 30112 (2010) @No $ @ @ Weintstein L., The new scramble for Africa, International Socialist Review, Online edition, Issue 60, July-August, (2008) @No $ @ @ Butts K.H. and Bankus B., China’s Pursuit of Africa’s natural resources, Center for Strategic Leadership, Collins center study, 1-9, 1-14 (2009) @No $ @ @ (http://www.csl.army.mil /usacsl/publications/CCS1_09_ChinasPursuitofAfricasNaturalResources.pdf) @No $ @ @  Minerals and Africa’s Development, The International Study Group Report on Africa’s Mineral Regimes, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 2011, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (2011) @No $ @ @ Hu R., Chinese Investment in Africa: A Dangerous Game (2011) @No $ @ @ Sesay J.P.B., Sierra Leone Engages China-Africa Development Fund on Potential Investment Opportunities. The Sierra Leone Telegraph www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com (2012) @No $ @ @ Alyek-Omara L., China and Development in Africa: The East African Experience. (www.ventures-africa.com /2012/09/of-china-and-development-in-africa-the-east-africa-experience) (2012) @No $ @ @ Alden C., Africa Turns East: The role of political regimes in shaping responses to China, Proceedings of the 6th Shanghai Workshop on Global Governance, 105-12 (2008) @No $ @ @  @No