International Science Community Association International Research Journal of Social Sciences 15 3 2026 07 14 Does Road Infrastructure Drive Income Growth? Panel Evidence on Roads, Power, and Structural Change in Indian States 43 53 EN Nadaf Ayisha 1 Basaveshwar Commerce College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India Fernandes Evelyn Savia 1 Department of Sociology, Government College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Quepem– Goa, India Gaunkar Sayali Krishnanand 2 Department of Sociology, Government College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Quepem– Goa, India Dashwant Urmila P. 1 Yashwantrao Chavan School of Rural Development, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India Shukla Rashmi 1 Department of Geography, Acharya Narendra Dev Kisan P. G. College, Babhnan, Gonda, 271313, Uttar Pradesh, India Sale Saurabh M. 1 Department of Commerce, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University (BAMU), Chh. Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra, India H. Shobharani 1 Department of Commerce, PG Centre, Kuvempu University, Kadur, Karnataka, India G.M. Sumangala 2 KLE Society’s G H College, Haveri, Karnataka, India Devarmani Virupakshi Patil 1 Department of Commerce, Bagalkot University, Jamkhandi - 587301 Karnataka, India and Department of Commerce, Government First Grade College, Hukkeri - 591309 Karnataka, India Dalal Mallikarjun 2 Department of Management, Government First Grade College, Hukkeri -591309, Karnataka, India Narayan Laxmi 1 Department of Economics, Govt. College Mahendergarh, Haryana, India Yadav Surender Singh 2 Department of Economics, Govt. College Kanina (Mahendergarh), Haryana, India > Review Paper 2026 5 19 2026 07 14 The paper examines the role of road infrastructure in economic development using state-level panel data from 2004–05 to 2023–24. The paper uses static and dynamic panel methods for analysis. The paper observe that road density and power supply significantly increase per capita GSDP. The study also shows that improvements in power availability results in higher economic benefits than improvements in roads infrastructure. The fixed effects model estimates indicate significant short-run impacts of both road density and power availability. The dynamic System results suggest strong persistence in economic performance. It validates the presence of positive long-run effects of infrastructure on growth. Hausman tests indicate correlation between state-specific effects and infrastructure variables, justifying the estimation of fixed-effects. The findings suggest that although expanding road networks supports regional growth, improving power availability may generate higher economic returns. Therefore, infrastructure policy should be framed to match the economic structure of the state and more emphasis in needed to be on strengthening power infrastructure in lagging states. Copyright@ International Science Community Association