International Science Community Association International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 2319 - 1414 4 12 2015 December 22 Lichen as a Bio-Indicator Tool for Assessment of Climate and Air Pollution Vulnerability: Review 107 117 EN Opurum C.C 1 2 1Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526 Owerri, Imo State, NIGERIA 2Department of Microbiology, Imo State University, Owerri, NIGERIA Nweke C.O. 2 Nwanyanwu C.E. 3 Nwachukwu M.I. 4 HasanM. Hamouda 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning, University of Palestine, 1075, PALESTINE S. Rashmi 1 Department of studies in botany, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, INDIA Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia GA 30602, USA Rajkumar H.G. 2 GM Greeshma 1 Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University college, Trivandrum, 695 034, Kerala, INDIA Murugan K 2 Pawar Kiran 1 Department of Environmental Sciences, Moolji Jaitha College, Jalgaon, MS, INDIA Department of Botany, Moolji Jaitha College, Jalgaon. MS, INDIA Kaul Harshika 2 Karda Sarika 3 Rane. GauriM 4 Chadetrik Rout 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-133207, Ambala, Haryana, INDIA Kumar BhatiaUpain 2 Pradhan K 1 Department of Zoology, D.B. College, Turumunga, Keonjhar, Odisha, INDIA Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA Patra A.K 2 AganiC. Ignace 1 1 Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 4521 Cotonou, BENIN Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Environment, University of Abomey-Calavi, BP: 4521 Cotonou, BENIN Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, 01 BP: 526 Cotonou, BENIN Beninese Center for Scientifics Research and Technologies (CBRST), 03 BP 1665 Cotonou, BENIN Suanon Fidèle 2 Dimon Biaou 3 Yovo Franck 4 TometiaA.S. Lyde 5 Daouda Mama 6 CoffiEni Azandegbe 7 J. Lalnunthari 1 Department of Physics, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, INDIA Thanga H.H. 2 M.B. Lynser 1 Department of Environmental Studies, Shillong College, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793003, INDIA Department of Environmental Studies, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, INDIA Tiwari B.K. 2 AshviniKumar Joshi 1 2 Department of Zoology, M.L.V. Government College, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, INDIA Aquatic Toxicology and Wildlife Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur Rajasthan, INDIA Bhatnagar Chhaya 2 Dally AbdulrahmanAliAbed 1 Osmania University, Department of Environmental Science, University of Anbar, IRAQ Baisoya PundirManju 1 Singh Sanjeev 2 Srivastava Kuldeep 1 Information System and Services Division, India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Mausam Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi- 110003, INDIA University School of Environment Management, GGS Indraprastha University, Block-A, Sector- 16 C, Dwarka, New Delhi-110078, INDIA Bhattacharya Prodyut 2 > Review Paper 2015 10 7 2015 December 22 The study of climate change and air pollution is very important in present circumstances throughout the world. Several methods including biological methods are being used for monitoring of environment to assess the climate and air pollution vulnerability. Among the biological methods the use of lichens as a bio-indicator has been very popular for such studies. Lichen, being a natural indicator of climate change and air pollution effects, is very useful for these studies particularly in mountain region. Therefore, a review of the work done in different parts of the world to study the climate change, air pollution and heavy metals using lichen as natural indicator has been presented and the gap areas have been identified for further studies in connection to climate change and air pollution vulnerability using lichen as an indicator. Copyright@ International Science Community Association